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Sampaio TB, da Rocha JT, Quines CB, Stein ALA, Zeni G, Nogueira CW. Sulfhydryl-Based Inhibition of δ-ALA-D and Na+
, K+
-ATPase Activities Depends on the Organoselenium Group Bonded to the Isoquinoline. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1144-1150. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria CEP 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Brandão Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria CEP 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - André Luiz Agnes Stein
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria CEP 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria CEP 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria CEP 97105-900 RS Brazil
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2
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Nascimento S, Baierle M, Göethel G, Barth A, Brucker N, Charão M, Sauer E, Gauer B, Arbo MD, Altknecht L, Jager M, Dias ACG, de Salles JF, Saint' Pierre T, Gioda A, Moresco R, Garcia SC. Associations among environmental exposure to manganese, neuropsychological performance, oxidative damage and kidney biomarkers in children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:32-43. [PMID: 26844420 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) results in several toxic effects, mainly neurotoxicity. This study investigated associations among Mn exposure, neuropsychological performance, biomarkers of oxidative damage and early kidney dysfunction in children aged 6-12 years old. Sixty-three children were enrolled in this study, being 43 from a rural area and 20 from an urban area. Manganese was quantified in blood (B-Mn), hair (H-Mn) and drinking water using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The neuropsychological functions assessed were attention, perception, working memory, phonological awareness and executive functions - inhibition. The Intelligence quotient (IQ) was also evaluated. The biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCO), δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D), reactivation indexes with dithiothreitol (ALA-RE/DTT) and ZnCl2 (ALA-RE/ZnCl2), non-protein thiol groups, as well as microalbuminuria (mALB) level and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were assessed. The results demonstrated that Mn levels in blood, hair and drinking water were higher in rural children than in urban children (p<0.01). Adjusted for potential confounding factors, IQ, age, gender and parents' education, significant associations were observed mainly between B-Mn and visual attention (β=0.649; p<0.001). Moreover, B-Mn was negatively associated with visual perception and phonological awareness. H-Mn was inversely associated with working memory, and Mn levels from drinking water with written language and executive functions - inhibition. Rural children showed a significant increase in oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, as well as alteration in kidney function biomarkers (p<0.05). Moreover, significant associations were found between B-Mn, H-Mn and Mn levels in drinking water and biomarkers of oxidative damage and kidney function, besides between some oxidative stress biomarkers and neuropsychological tasks (p<0.05). The findings of this study suggest an important association between environmental exposure to Mn and toxic effects on neuropsychological function, oxidative damage and kidney function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Baierle
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Barth
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louise Altknecht
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation (FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Jager
- Post-graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Garcia Dias
- Post-graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
- Post-graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saint' Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moresco
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation (FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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3
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do Nascimento SN, Barth A, Göethel G, Baierle M, Charão MF, Brucker N, Moro AM, Bubols GB, Sobreira JS, Sauer E, Rocha R, Gioda A, Dias AC, Salles JF, Garcia SC. Cognitive deficits and ALA-D-inhibition in children exposed to multiple metals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:387-395. [PMID: 25460660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Children are especially vulnerable to adverse effects of multiple metals exposure. The aim of this study was to assess some metals concentrations such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in whole blood, serum, hair and drinking water samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in rural and urban children. In addition, evaluate the adverse effects of multiple metals exposure on cognitive function and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. The cognitive ability assessment was performed by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test. The ALA-D activity and ALA-D reactivation index (ALA-RE) activity with DTT and ZnCl2 also were determined. Forty-six rural children and 23 urban children were enrolled in this study. Rural children showed percentile IQ scores in the RCPM test significantly decreased in relation to urban children. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the Mn and Fe in hair may account for the cognitive deficits of children. Manganese and Fe in hair also were positively correlated with Mn and Fe in drinking water, respectively. These results suggest that drinking water is possibly a source of metals exposure in children. ALA-D activity was decreased and ALA-RE with DTT and ZnCl2 was increased in rural children in comparison to urban children. Moreover, ALA-D inhibition was correlated with Cr blood levels and ALA-RE/DDT and ALA-RE/ZnCl2 were correlated with levels of Cr and Hg in blood. Thus, our results indicated some adverse effects of children's exposure to multiple metals, such as cognitive deficits and ALA-D inhibition, mainly associated to Mn, Fe, Cr and Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Barth
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Baierle
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela M Moro
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Bubols
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johanna S Sobreira
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Post-graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerusa F Salles
- Post-graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Neto JSS, Zeni G, Nogueira CW. Phenylethynyl-butyltellurium inhibits the sulfhydryl enzyme Na+, K+ -ATPase: an effect dependent on the tellurium atom. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:261-6. [PMID: 23955422 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organotellurium compounds are known for their toxicological effects. These effects may be associated with the chemical structure of these compounds and the oxidation state of the tellurium atom. In this context, 2-phenylethynyl-butyltellurium (PEBT) inhibits the activity of the sulfhydryl enzyme, δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase. The present study investigated on the importance of the tellurium atom in the PEBT ability to oxidize mono- and dithiols of low molecular weight and sulfhydryl enzymes in vitro. PEBT, at high micromolar concentrations, oxidized dithiothreitol (DTT) and inhibited cerebral Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, but did not alter the lactate dehydrogenase activity. The inhibition of cerebral Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was completely restored by DTT. By contrast, 2-phenylethynyl-butyl, a molecule without the tellurium atom, neither oxidized DTT nor altered the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. In conclusion, the tellurium atom of PEBT is crucial for the catalytic oxidation of sulfhydryl groups from thiols of low molecular weight and from Na(+), K(+)-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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5
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Prigol M, Nogueira CW, Zeni G, Bronze MR, Constantino L. In vitro metabolism of diphenyl diselenide in rat liver fractions. Conjugation with GSH and binding to thiol groups. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mercury toxicity on sodium pump and organoseleniums intervention: a paradox. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:924549. [PMID: 22927724 PMCID: PMC3425867 DOI: 10.1155/2012/924549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury is an environmental poison, and the damage to living system is generally severe. The severity of mercury poisoning is consequent from the fact that it targets the thiol-containing enzymes, irreversibly oxidizing their critical thiol groups, consequently leading to an inactivation of the enzyme. The Na+/K+-ATPase is a sulfhydryl protein that is sensitive to Hg2+ assault. On the other hand, organoseleniums are a class of pharmacologically promising compounds with potent antioxidant effects. While Hg2+ oxidizes sulfhydryl groups of Na+/K+-ATPase under in vitro and in vivo conditions, the organoselenium compounds inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase in vitro but enhance its activities under in vivo conditions with concomitant increase in the level of endogenous thiols. Paradoxically, it appears that these two thiol oxidants can be used to counteract one another under in vivo conditions, and this hypothesis serves as the basis for this paper.
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Vargas LM, Soares MB, Izaguirry AP, Lüdtke DS, Braga HC, Savegnago L, Wollenhaupt S, Brum DDS, Leivas FG, Santos FW. Cadmium inhibits the ovary δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activityin vitroandex vivo: protective role of seleno-furanoside. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:679-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musacchio Vargas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Melina Bucco Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | | | - Hugo C. Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); CEP 05508-900; São Paulo; SP; Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - CDTEc, Unidade: Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel); CEP: 96010-900; Pelotas; RS; Brazil
| | - Suzi Wollenhaupt
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Daniela dos Santos Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Fábio Gallas Leivas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
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Luchese C, Brandão R, Acker CI, Nogueira CW. 2,2′-Dipyridyl diselenide is a better antioxidant than other disubstituted diaryl diselenides. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 367:153-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rocha JBT, Saraiva RA, Garcia SC, Gravina FS, Nogueira CW. Aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) as marker protein of intoxication with metals and other pro-oxidant situations. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Saraiva RA, Bueno DC, Nogara PA, Rocha JBT. Molecular docking studies of disubstituted diaryl diselenides as mammalian δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme inhibitors. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:1012-1022. [PMID: 22852851 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.697810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) is a metalloprotein that catalyzes porphobilinogen formation. This enzyme is sensitive to pro-oxidants and classically used as a biomarker of lead (Pb) intoxication. Diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)₂] and analogs bis(4-chlorophenyl) diselenide [(pCl₃PhSe)₂], bis(4-methoxyphenyl)diselenide [(pCH₃OPhSe)₂], and bis[3-(trifluoromethy)phenyl] diselenide [(mCF₃PhSe)₂] inhibit mammalian δ-ALAD by oxidizing enzyme cysteinyl residues, which are involved in diselenide-induced toxicity. 2-Cysteinyl residues from δ-ALAD are believed to sequentially interact with (PhSe)₂. Thus this study utilized protein-ligand docking analyses to determine which cysteinyl residues might be involved in the inhibitory effect of (PhSe)₂ and analogs toward δ-ALAD. All diselenides that interact in a similar manner with the active site of δ-ALAD were examined. Docking simulations indicated an important role for π-π interactions involving Phe208 and cation-π interactions involving Lys199 and Arg209 residues with the aromatic ring of (PhSe)₂ and analogs. Based upon these interactions an approximation between Se atoms and -SH of Cys124, with distances ranging between 3.3 Å and 3.5 Å, was obtained. These data support our previous postulations regarding the mechanism underlying δ-ALAD oxidation mediated by (PhSe)₂ and analogs. Based on protein-ligand docking analyses, data indicated that -SH of Cys124 attacks one of the Se atoms of -SH of (PhSe)₂ releasing one PhSeH (selenophenol). Subsequently, the -SH of Cys132 attacks the sulfur atom of Cys124 (from the bond of E-S-Se-Ph indermediate), generating the second PhSe⁻, and the oxidized and inhibited δ-ALAD. In conclusion, AutoDock Vina 1.1.1 was a useful tool to search for diselenides inhibitors of δ-ALAD, and, most importantly, it provided insight into molecular mechanisms involved in enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Saraiva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Chagas PM, Bortolatto CF, Wilhelm EA, Nogueira CW. High doses of 2,2'-dithienyl diselenide cause systemic toxicity in rats: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:480-7. [PMID: 22180340 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds have important pharmacological properties. However, these compounds can cause toxicity, typically related to oxidation of endogenous thiols. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 2,2'-dithienyl diselenide (DTDS) has potential toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, sulfhydryl-containing enzyme activities, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase were used to predict DTDS toxicity in rat brain homogenate in vitro. In in vivo experiments, a DTDS administration (50 or 100 mg kg(-1) , p.o.) to rats was performed and toxicological parameters were determined. DTDS inhibited δ-ALA-D (IC50 2 µm) and Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase (IC50 17 µm) activities in vitro. The inhibitory effect of DTDS on δ-ALA-D and Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase activities was restored by dithiothreitol. DTDS (5-25 µm) elicited a thiol oxidase-like activity. In vivo, DTDS (50 and 100 mg kg(-1) ) caused systemic toxicity, evidenced by a decrease in water and food intakes and body weight gain, as well as the death of rats. DTDS at the dose of 100 mg kg(-1) increased plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities and decreased urea levels. At 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) , it increased lipid peroxidation levels. At the highest dose, DTDS inhibited δ-ALA-D activity. By contrast, Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase activity and antioxidant defense were not altered in the brains of rats exposed to DTDS. In conclusion, interaction with the cisteinyl residues seems to mediate the inhibitory effect of DTDS on sulfhydryl-containing enzymes in vitro. In addition, high oral doses of DTDS induce toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Maria Chagas
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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