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Rakoczy K, Kaczor J, Sołtyk A, Jonderko L, Sędzik M, Lizon J, Lewandowska A, Saczko M, Kulbacka J. Pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods' complicity with breast cancer occurrence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112264. [PMID: 38705365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive factors play significantly important roles in determining the breast cancer (BC) risk. The impact of pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods on tumor development remains unclear. It has been found that early full-term pregnancies in young women can lower their lifetime risk of developing the type of cancer in question. However, having a first full-term pregnancy at an older age can increase this risk. The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer (BC) is, however, much more complicated. Both induced and spontaneous abortions lead to sudden changes in hormonal balance, which could cause different effects on sensitive breast epithelial cells, making abortion a potential risk factor for breast cancer. The influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis is not comprehensively understood, and therefore, more exhaustive analysis of existing data and further investigation is needed. This review explores how the mentioned reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its complexity. By comprehending this intricate network of relationships, we can develop new strategies for predicting and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rakoczy
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kaczor
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sołtyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Sędzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Lizon
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Saczko
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Warszawska 2, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Hu M, Deng F, Song X, Zhao H, Yan F. The crosstalk between immune cells and tumor pyroptosis: advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:190. [PMID: 38987821 PMCID: PMC11234789 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a cell death process characterized by cell swelling until membrane rupture and release of intracellular contents. As an effective tumor treatment strategy, inducing tumor cell pyroptosis has received widespread attention. In this process, the immune components within the tumor microenvironment play a key regulatory role. By regulating and altering the functions of immune cells such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and neutrophils, tumor cell pyroptosis can be induced. This article provides a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms of cell pyroptosis, the impact of the tumor immune microenvironment on tumor cell pyroptosis, and its mechanisms. It aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the communication between the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor cells, and to provide theoretical support for the development of new tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong District, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Yunhua Street, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengying Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong District, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Yunhua Street, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinlei Song
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong District, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Yunhua Street, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong District, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Yunhua Street, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Ma Q, Wu F, Liu X, Zhao C, Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Ju H, Wang Y. 20-hydroxyecdysone suppresses bladder cancer progression via inhibiting USP21: A mechanism associated with deubiquitination and degradation of p65. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101958. [PMID: 38663220 PMCID: PMC11059137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract and a prevalent cancer worldwide, still requiring efficient therapeutic agents and approaches. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), a steroid hormone, can be found in insects and few plants and mediate numerous biological events to control the progression of varying diseases; however, its impacts on bladder cancer remain unclear. In the study, we found that 20-HE treatments effectively inhibited the viability and proliferation of bladder cancer cells and induced apoptosis by activating Caspase-3. The migratory and invasive potential of bladder cancer cells was markedly repressed by 20-HE in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of 20-HE on bladder cancer were confirmed in an established xenograft mouse model, as indicated by the markedly reduced tumor growth rates and limited lung and lymph node metastasis. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to explore dysregulated genes in bladder cancer cells after 20-HE treatment. We identified ubiquitin-specific protease 21 (USP21) as a key deubiquitinating enzyme for bladder cancer progression and a positive correlation between USP21 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 in patients. Furthermore, 20-HE treatments markedly reduced USP21 expression, NF-κB/p65 mRNA, stability and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 expression levels in bladder cancer cells, which were validated in animal tumor tissues. Mechanistic studies showed that USP21 directly interacted with and stabilized p65 by deubiquitinating its K48-linked polyubiquitination in bladder cancer cells, which could be abolished by 20-HE treatment, contributing to p65 degradation. Finally, we found that USP21 overexpression could not only facilitate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells, but also significantly eliminated the suppressive effects of 20-HE on bladder cancer. Notably, 20-HE could still perform its anti-tumor role in bladder cancer when USP21 was knocked down with decreased NF-κB/p65 expression and activation, revealing that USP21 suppression might not be the only way for 20-HE during bladder cancer treatment. Collectively, all our results clearly demonstrated that 20-HE may function as a promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer treatment mainly through reducing USP21/p65 signaling expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Cuifang Zhao
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Hongge Ju
- School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.
| | - Yukun Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pharmacy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Ramar V, Guo S, Hudson B, Khedri A, Guo AA, Li J, Liu M. Interaction of NF-κB and FOSL1 drives glioma stemness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:255. [PMID: 38856747 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor; GBM's inevitable recurrence suggests that glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) allow these tumors to persist. Our previous work showed that FOSL1, transactivated by the STAT3 gene, functions as a tumorigenic gene in glioma pathogenesis and acts as a diagnostic marker and potential drug target in glioma patients. Accumulating evidence shows that STAT3 and NF-κB cooperate to promote the development and progression of various cancers. The link between STAT3 and NF-κB suggests that NF-κB can also transcriptionally regulate FOSL1 and contribute to gliomagenesis. To investigate downstream molecules of FOSL1, we analyzed the transcriptome after overexpressing FOSL1 in a PDX-L14 line characterized by deficient FOSL1 expression. We then conducted immunohistochemical staining for FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 using rabbit polyclonal anti-FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 in glioma tissue microarrays (TMA) derived from 141 glioma patients and 15 healthy individuals. Next, mutants of the human FOSL1 promoter, featuring mutations in essential binding sites for NF-κB were generated using a Q5 site-directed mutagenesis kit. Subsequently, we examined luciferase activity in glioma cells and compared it to the wild-type FOSL1 promoter. Then, we explored the mutual regulation between NF-κB signaling and FOSL1 by modulating the expression of NF-κB or FOSL1. Subsequently, we assessed the activity of FOSL1 and NF-κB. To understand the role of FOSL1 in cell growth and stemness, we conducted a CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis, assessing apoptosis and GSC markers, ALDH1, and CD133 under varying FOSL1 expression conditions. Transcriptome analyses of downstream molecules of FOSL1 show that NF-κB signaling pathway is regulated by FOSL1. NF-κB p65 protein expression correlates to the expression of FOSL1 in glioma patients, and both are associated with glioma grades. NF-κB is a crucial transcription factor activating the FOSL1 promoter in glioma cells. Mutual regulation between NF-κB and FOSL1 contributes to glioma tumorigenesis and stemness through promoting G1/S transition and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, the FOSL1 molecular pathway is functionally connected to NF-κB activation, enhances stemness, and is indicative that FOSL1 may potentially be a novel GBM drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Dr, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Breanna Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Azam Khedri
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guo
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason Li
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 475 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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Ahmad B, Tian C, Tang JX, Dumbuya JS, Li W, Lu J. Anticancer activities of natural abietic acid. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392203. [PMID: 38633616 PMCID: PMC11021724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of death in the world. There are several therapies that are in practice for cancer cure including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Among the chemotherapies, natural products are considered comparable safe, easily available and cost effective. Approximately 60% of cancer approved FDA drugs are natural products including vinblastine, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel. These natural products have complex structures due to which they work against cancer through different molecular pathways, STAT3, NF-kB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dependent pathway, extrinsic apoptosis pathway, autophagy, mitophagy and ferroptosis. AA is a natural abietane diterpenoid compound from Pinus palustris and Pimenta racemose var. grissea with different pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-obesity and anti-allergic. Recently it has been reported with its anticancer activities through different molecular mechanisms including NF-kB, PI3K/AKT, call cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, mitochondrial dependent pathway, extrinsic apoptosis pathway, AMPK pathway and ferroptosis pathways. The literature survey reveals that there is no review on AA anticancer molecular mechanisms, therefore in current review, we summarize the anticancer molecular mechanisms of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - John Sieh Dumbuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Lapcik P, Stacey RG, Potesil D, Kulhanek P, Foster LJ, Bouchal P. Global Interactome Mapping Reveals Pro-tumorigenic Interactions of NF-κB in Breast Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100744. [PMID: 38417630 PMCID: PMC10988130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB pathway is involved in inflammation; however, recent data shows its role also in cancer development and progression, including metastasis. To understand the role of NF-κB interactome dynamics in cancer, we study the complexity of breast cancer interactome in luminal A breast cancer model and its rearrangement associated with NF-κB modulation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 160 size-exclusion chromatography fractions identifies 5460 protein groups. Seven thousand five hundred sixty eight interactions among these proteins have been reconstructed by PrInCE algorithm, of which 2564 have been validated in independent datasets. NF-κB modulation leads to rearrangement of protein complexes involved in NF-κB signaling and immune response, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication. Central NF-κB transcription regulator RELA co-elutes with interactors of NF-κB activator PRMT5, and these complexes are confirmed by AlphaPulldown prediction. A complementary immunoprecipitation experiment recapitulates RELA interactions with other NF-κB factors, associating NF-κB inhibition with lower binding of NF-κB activators to RELA. This study describes a network of pro-tumorigenic protein interactions and their rearrangement upon NF-κB inhibition with potential therapeutic implications in tumors with high NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Potesil
- Proteomics Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kulhanek
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R, Sonia FA, Biswas S, Ferdous J, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. Efficacy of Rotundic Acid and Its Derivatives as Promising Natural Anticancer Triterpenoids: A Literature-Based Study. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301492. [PMID: 38150556 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotundic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene with a multitude of pharmacological activities. The primary emphasis of this study is on summarizing the anticancer properties with the underlying mechanisms of RA and its derivatives, as well as the pharmacokinetic features. Data was collected (up to date as of November 10, 2023) from various reliable and authentic literatures by searching in different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings imply that RA and its synthetic derivatives possess promising anti-cancer properties against breast, colorectal, liver, and cervical cancers in various preclinical pharmacological test systems. The results also indicate that RA and its derivatives demonstrated anticancer effects via a number of cellular mechanisms, including apoptotic cell death, inhibition of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effect, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferative effect, anti-angiogenic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion. It has been proposed that RA and its derived compounds have the capability to serve as a hopeful chemotherapeutic agent, so further extensive clinical research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Sonia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shrabonti Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
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8
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Wu G, Qi G, Liu Y, Gan J, Xie C, Wu Q, Cui W, Wang C, Wang Z. ER-α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL-6 production in macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18037. [PMID: 37974543 PMCID: PMC10805506 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL-6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin on IL-6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)- and THP-1-derived macrophages and explore its potential mechanisms using co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. We found that calycosin treatment substantially upregulated the expression of ER-α36, a variant of the ER, and reduced IL-6 production in macrophages. Mechanistically, ER-α36 physically interacted with NF-κBp65 and retained p65 in the cytoplasm to attenuate NF-κB function as an IL-6 transcriptional inducer. In conclusion, our result indicated that calycosin inhibited IL-6 production by enhancing ER-α36 expression and its interaction with p65, which attenuated NF-κB function as an IL-6 inducer. Therefore, calycosin can be developed as an effective agent for cancer therapy by targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Wu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chichu Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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9
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Pfeiler G, Hlauschek D, Mayer EL, Deutschmann C, Kacerovsky-Strobl S, Martin M, Meisel JL, Zdenkowski N, Loibl S, Balic M, Park H, Prat A, Isaacs C, Bajetta E, Balko JM, Bellet-Ezquerra M, Bliss J, Burstein H, Cardoso F, Fohler H, Foukakis T, Gelmon KA, Goetz M, Haddad TC, Iwata H, Jassem J, Lee SC, Linderholm B, Los M, Mamounas EP, Miller KD, Morris PG, Munzone E, Gal-Yam EN, Ring A, Shepherd L, Singer C, Thomssen C, Tseng LM, Valagussa P, Winer EP, Wolff AC, Zoppoli G, Machacek-Link J, Schurmans C, Huang X, Gauthier E, Fesl C, Dueck AC, DeMichele A, Gnant M. Impact of BMI in Patients With Early Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Receiving Endocrine Therapy With or Without Palbociclib in the PALLAS Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5118-5130. [PMID: 37556775 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE BMI affects breast cancer risk and prognosis. In contrast to cytotoxic chemotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors are given at a fixed dose, irrespective of BMI or weight. This preplanned analysis of the global randomized PALLAS trial investigates the impact of BMI on the side-effect profile, treatment adherence, and efficacy of palbociclib. METHODS Patients were categorized at baseline according to WHO BMI categories. Neutropenia rates were assessed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Time to early discontinuation of palbociclib was analyzed with Fine and Gray competing risk models. Unstratified Cox models were used to investigate the association between BMI category and time to invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). 95% CIs were derived. RESULTS Of 5,698 patients included in this analysis, 68 (1.2%) were underweight, 2,082 (36.5%) normal weight, 1,818 (31.9%) overweight, and 1,730 (30.4%) obese at baseline. In the palbociclib arm, higher BMI was associated with a significant decrease in neutropenia (unadjusted odds ratio for 1-unit change, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.94; adjusted for age, race ethnicity, region, chemotherapy use, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group at baseline, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.95). This translated into a significant decrease in treatment discontinuation rate with higher BMI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for 10-unit change, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.83). There was no significant improvement in iDFS with the addition of palbociclib to ET in any weight category (normal weight HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.12; overweight HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.49; and obese HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.30) in this analysis early in follow-up (31 months). CONCLUSION This preplanned analysis of the PALLAS trial demonstrates a significant impact of BMI on side effects, dose reductions, early treatment discontinuation, and relative dose intensity. Additional long-term follow-up will further evaluate whether BMI ultimately affects outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Pfeiler
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Christine Deutschmann
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Miguel Martin
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt/M, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Centre for Haematology and Oncology/Bethanien, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Haeseong Park
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Bajetta
- Gruppo I.T.M.O., Monza, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Justin M Balko
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Judith Bliss
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harold Burstein
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hannes Fohler
- Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tufia C Haddad
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute (NCIS), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI), Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barbro Linderholm
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maartje Los
- St Antonius Ziekenhuis Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kathy D Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Einav Nili Gal-Yam
- The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Breast Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gam, Israel
| | - Alistair Ring
- Royal Marsden Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lois Shepherd
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Singer
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Eric P Winer
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Network, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica (GOIRC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Fesl
- Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Michael Gnant
- Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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11
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Ji X, Huang X, Li C, Guan N, Pan T, Dong J, Li L. Effect of tumor-associated macrophages on the pyroptosis of breast cancer tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:197. [PMID: 37542283 PMCID: PMC10401873 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells with high plasticity that are widely distributed in all tissues and organs of the body. Under the influence of the immune microenvironment of breast tumors, macrophages differentiate into various germline lineages. They exert pro-tumor or tumor-suppressive effects by secreting various cytokines. Pyroptosis is mediated by Gasdermin family proteins, which form holes in cell membranes and cause a violent inflammatory response and cell death. This is an important way for the body to fight off infections. Tumor cell pyroptosis can activate anti-tumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth. At the same time, it releases inflammatory mediators and recruits tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for accumulation. Macrophages act as "mediators" of cytokine interactions and indirectly influence the pyroptosis pathway. This paper describes the mechanism of action on the part of TAM in affecting the pyroptosis process of breast tumor cells, as well as its key role in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, it provides the basis for in-depth research on how to use immune cells to affect breast tumors and guide anti-tumor trends, with important implications for the prevention and treatment of breast tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuLing Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ningning Guan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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12
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Akinsulie OC, Shahzad S, Ogunleye SC, Oladapo IP, Joshi M, Ugwu CE, Gbadegoye JO, Hassan FO, Adeleke R, Afolabi Akande Q, Adesola RO. Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224102. [PMID: 37600803 PMCID: PMC10434535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating and inhibitory stimuli, regulators, and molecular targets. Impaired hydroxylase activity contributes to the activation of HIFs. Inflammatory ligands activate NF-κB activity, which leads to the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. The eventual sequelae of the interaction between these two molecular players in immune cells, either bolstering or abrogating functions, is largely cell-type dependent. Importantly, this holds promise for interesting therapeutic interventions against several infectious diseases, as some HIF agonists have helped prevent immune-related diseases. Hypoxia and inflammation are common features of infectious diseases. Here, we highlighted the role of this crosstalk in the light of functional immunity against infection and inflammation, with special focus on various innate and adaptive immune cells. Particularly, we discussed the bidirectional effects of this crosstalk in the regulation of immune responses by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells. We believe an advanced understanding of the interplay between HIFs and NF-kB could reveal novel therapeutic targets for various infectious diseases with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Chris Akinsulie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Sammuel Shahzad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Seto Charles Ogunleye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Melina Joshi
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Charles Egede Ugwu
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Richard Adeleke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Qudus Afolabi Akande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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13
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Ponomarev AS, Gilazieva ZE, Solovyova VV, Rizvanov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Stemness Modulation during Formation of Spheroids. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:979-994. [PMID: 37751868 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), their properties and interaction with microenvironment are of interest in modern medicine and biology. There are many studies on the emergence of CSCs and their involvement in tumor pathogenesis. The most important property inherent to CSCs is their stemness. Stemness combines ability of the cell to maintain its pluripotency, give rise to differentiated cells, and interact with environment to maintain a balance between dormancy, proliferation, and regeneration. While adult stem cells exhibit these properties by participating in tissue homeostasis, CSCs behave as their malignant equivalents. High tumor resistance to therapy, ability to differentiate, activate angiogenesis and metastasis arise precisely due to the stemness of CSCs. These cells can be used as a target for therapy of different types of cancer. Laboratory models are needed to study cancer biology and find new therapeutic strategies. A promising direction is three-dimensional tumor models or spheroids. Such models exhibit properties resembling stemness in a natural tumor. By modifying spheroids, it becomes possible to investigate the effect of therapy on CSCs, thus contributing to the development of anti-tumor drug test systems. The review examines the niche of CSCs, the possibility of their study using three-dimensional spheroids, and existing markers for assessing stemness of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei S Ponomarev
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Zarema E Gilazieva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia.
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14
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Plange PNA, Aikins AR, Brobbey KJ, Kaufmann EE. Cassava microfiber-reinforced gelatin scaffold holds promise for tissue engineering by exhibiting cytocompatibility with HEK 293 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:936-947. [PMID: 37208900 PMCID: PMC10525406 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231168143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose fiber-reinforced composite scaffolds have recently become an interesting target for biomedical and tissue engineering (TE) applications. Cassava bagasse, a fibrous solid residue obtained after the extraction of cassava starch and soluble sugars, has been explored as a potential source of cellulose and has been successfully used to enhance the mechanical properties of gelatin scaffolds for TE purposes. This study assessed the cytocompatibility of the cassava microfiber-gelatin composite scaffold using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) and a breast cancer cell line (MDA MB 231) under ISO 10993-5 standards. The viability of cells within the composite scaffold was analyzed through MTT assay. The growth of HEK 293, as well as the cell morphology, was not affected by the presence of cellulose within the composite, whereas the growth of breast cancer cells appeared to be inhibited with noticeable changes in cell morphology. These findings suggest that the presence of the cassava fiber in gelatin is not cytotoxic to HEK 293 cells. Thus, the composite is suitable for TE purposes when using normal cells. On the contrary, the presence of the fiber in gelatin elicited a cytotoxic effect in MDA MB 231 cells. Thus, the composite may not be considered for three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell studies requiring cancer cell growth. However, further studies are required to explore the use of the fiber from cassava bagasse for its anticancer cell properties, as observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia Nana Adjoa Plange
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 0233, Ghana
| | - Anastasia Rosebud Aikins
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 0233, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra 0233, Ghana
| | - Kofi J Brobbey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 0233, Ghana
- Department of Physics and School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Elsie Effah Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 0233, Ghana
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
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15
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Liu Y, Pei Z, Pan T, Wang H, Chen W, Lu W. Indole metabolites and colorectal cancer: Gut microbial tryptophan metabolism, host gut microbiome biomarkers, and potential intervention mechanisms. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127392. [PMID: 37119643 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) functions in host-disease interactions. Its metabolism is a multi-pathway process. Indole and its derivatives are Trp metabolites unique to the human gut microbiota. Changes in Trp metabolism have also been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, combined with the existing CRC biomarkers, we ascribed it to the altered bacteria having the indole-producing ability by making a genomic prediction. We also reviewed the anti-inflammatory and possible anti-cancer mechanisms of indoles, including their effects on tumor cells, the ability to repair the gut barrier, regulation of the host immune system, and provide resistance against oxidative stress. Indole and its derivatives, along with related bacteria, could be targeted as auxiliary strategies to restrain cancer development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhangming Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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16
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Chen C, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Li GD, Wang YH, Xu LC, Huang HZ, Song G, Li WT, He XH. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MARCH8 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Activating STAT3 via Degradation of PTPN4. Pancreas 2023; 52:e224-e234. [PMID: 37747937 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) has not been studied in pancreatic cancer. METHOD Pancreatic cancer cell lines and the normal pancreatic cells were tested in vitro studies and male athymic nude mice were tested in vivo studies. Measuring cell viability by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (Edu) staining, and colony formation assay. Wound healing assay was implemented for cell migration and Transwell assay was performed for cell invasion to evaluate the histological status by hematoxylin and eosin staining and to detect the protein ubiquitination by ubiquitination assay. The protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting, and mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULT The expression of MARCH8 was increased whereas PTPN4 was decreased in pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of MARCH8 promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of cells, and knockdown of PTPN4 had the similar effects both in vitro and in vivo. MARCH8 promoted PTPN4 protein degradation through ubiquitination. Moreover, PTPN4 suppressed the transcription activities of STAT3 by impairing the level of pSTAT3 (705), while inhibition of PTPN4 activated phosphorylation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS MARCH8 promoted pancreatic cancer growth and invasion through mediating the degradation of PTPN4 and activated the phosphorylation of STAT3.
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17
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Emirzeoglu L, Arici S, Sahin AB, Ocak B, Ak N, Ay S, Mammadov E, Turna H, Bilici A. The Predictive Importance of Body Mass Index on Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2023; 18:42-48. [PMID: 36876171 PMCID: PMC9982353 DOI: 10.1159/000526732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in Turkish patients with local and locally advanced breast cancer. Methods The pathological responses for the breast and axilla were assessed according to the Miller-Payne grading (MPG) system. Tumors were grouped into molecular phenotypes and classified as response rates according to the MPG system after the completion of NACT. A 90% or greater reduction in tumor cellularity was considered a good response to treatment. Additionally, patients were grouped according to BMI into <25 (group A) and ≥25 (group B). Results In total, 647 Turkish women with breast cancer were included in the study. In the univariate analysis, age, menopause status, tumor diameter, stage, histological grade, Ki-67, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and BMI were assessed to determine which of these factors were associated with a ≥90% response rate. Stage, HER2 positivity, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER2-negative breast cancer), grade, Ki-67 levels, and BMI were found to be the statistically significant factors for a ≥90% response rate. In the multivariate analysis, grade III disease, HER2 positivity, and TNBC were found to be the factors associated with a high pathological response. Meanwhile, hormone receptor (HR) positivity and a higher BMI were associated with a decreased pathological response in patients receiving NACT for breast cancer. Conclusion Our results show that a high BMI and HR positivity are associated with a poor response to NACT in Turkish patients with breast cancer. The findings presented in this study may guide novel studies to examine the NACT response in obese patients with and without insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Emirzeoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Arici
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan II. Abdulhamid Han Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilgehan Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Birol Ocak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Naziye Ak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Ay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elkhan Mammadov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medicine Faculity, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilici
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculity of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Li Q, Tie Y, Alu A, Ma X, Shi H. Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer: signaling pathways and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 36646686 PMCID: PMC9842704 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is malignant, genetically complex and difficult to treat and is the sixth most frequent cancer, with tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus being major risk factors. Based on epigenetic data, HNC is remarkably heterogeneous, and treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of significant improvement in survival and quality of life in patients with HNC. Over half of HNC patients experience locoregional recurrence or distal metastasis despite the current multiple traditional therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy. In addition, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some targeted therapies is common. Therefore, it is urgent to explore more effective and tolerable targeted therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of HNC patients. Recent targeted therapy studies have focused on identifying promising biomarkers and developing more effective targeted therapies. A well understanding of the pathogenesis of HNC contributes to learning more about its inner association, which provides novel insight into the development of small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the vital signaling pathways and discussed the current potential therapeutic targets against critical molecules in HNC, as well as presenting preclinical animal models and ongoing or completed clinical studies about targeted therapy, which may contribute to a more favorable prognosis of HNC. Targeted therapy in combination with other therapies and its limitations were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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ElKhatib MAW, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Effect of inflammation on cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and the consequences on cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 55:50-74. [PMID: 36573379 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is generally preceded by cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is the enlargement of cardiac myocytes in response to stress. During CH, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), which is present in the cell membrane phospholipids, is modulated. Metabolism of AA gives rise to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases, respectively. A plethora of studies demonstrated the involvement of CYP-mediated AA metabolites in the pathogenesis of CH. Also, inflammation is known to be a characteristic hallmark of CH. In this review, our aim is to highlight the impact of inflammation on CYP-derived AA metabolites and CH. Inflammation is shown to modulate the expression of various CYP ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases and their respective metabolites in the heart. In general, HETEs such as 20-HETE and mid-chain HETEs are pro-inflammatory, while EETs are characterized by their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several mechanisms are implicated in inflammation-induced CH, including the modulation of NF-κB and MAPK. This review demonstrated the inflammatory modulation of cardiac CYPs and their metabolites in the context of CH and the anti-inflammatory strategies that can be employed in the treatment of CH and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Berishvili AI, Kedrova AG, Greyan TA, Zaitseva OV. Obesity and breast cancer. TUMORS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-40-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the latest literature data on the problem of obesity and breast cancer (BC). This review presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of BC in obese patients, new molecular methods of breast imaging, analyzes the features of the course of BC with obesity depending on menstrual status, molecular biological subtypes of the tumor, the mechanisms of the development of BC against the background of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Berishvili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - A. G. Kedrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation; Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E. N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. A. Greyan
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - O. V. Zaitseva
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
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21
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Guan C, Zhou X, Li H, Ma X, Zhuang J. NF-κB inhibitors gifted by nature: The anticancer promise of polyphenol compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Tossetta G. Metformin Improves Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Paclitaxel and Platinum-Based Drugs: A Review of In Vitro Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12893. [PMID: 36361682 PMCID: PMC9654053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous gynecologic cancers worldwide, showing a high fatality rate and recurrence due to diagnosis at an advanced stage of the disease and the occurrence of chemoresistance, which weakens the therapeutic effects of the chemotherapeutic treatments. In fact, although paclitaxel and platinum-based drugs (carboplatin or cisplatin) are widely used alone or in combination to treat ovarian cancer, the occurrence of chemoresistance significantly reduces the effects of these drugs. Metformin is a hypoglycemic agent that is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, this drug also shows anti-tumor activity, reducing cancer risk and chemoresistance. This review analyzes the current literature regarding the role of metformin in ovarian cancer and investigates what is currently known about its effects in reducing paclitaxel and platinum resistance to restore sensitivity to these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-0712206270
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Shan DD, Zheng QX, Chen Z. Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1892-1902. [PMID: 36310704 PMCID: PMC9611433 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality are increasing globally, leading to its rising status as a leading cause of death. The Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex plays a crucial role in DNA replication and the cell cycle. The GINS complex consists of four subunits encoded by the GINS1, GINS2, GINS3, and GINS4 genes. Recent findings have shown that GINS2 expression is upregulated in many diseases, particularly tumors. For example, increased GINS2 expression has been found in cervical cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It correlates with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. In addition, high GINS2 expression plays a pro-carcinogenic role in tumor development by promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting tumor cell apoptosis, and blocking the cell cycle. This review describes the upregulation of GINS2 expression in most human tumors and the pathway of GINS2 in tumor development. GINS2 may serve as a new marker for tumor diagnosis and a new biological target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiu-Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhao N, Kong H, Liu H, Shi Q, Qi X, Chen Q. A network pharmacology approach to evaluate the synergistic effect of dihydromyricetin and myricitrin in vine tea on the proliferation of B16F10 cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:993133. [PMID: 36185647 PMCID: PMC9524360 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.993133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Although vine tea has demonstrated broad-spectrum anti-cancer properties, its main active compounds, dihydromyricetin (DMY) and myricitrin (MYT), exert weaker effects than the tea extracts. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic inhibitory effects of DMY and MYT on B16F10 cell proliferation and their synergistic inhibitory effects. Methods The effect of vine tea extracts (VTEs) and their active compounds on B16F10 cells was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. The synergistic effects were calculated by the combination index (CI), and its mechanism was discussed by network pharmacology. Results Different VTEs varied in their inhibition of B16F10 cell growth, with IC50 values ranging from 4.45 to 12.95 μg/mL, Among these, Guangzhou Qingyuan (Level 2), appeared to have the most potent inhibitory effect. The IC50 value of mix-use of DMY and MYT was 19.94∼64.4 μM, of which DMY: MYT = 8:1 had the minimum IC50 value of 19.94 μM. Combinations in the 1:1∼8:1 range had stronger effects than the isolated active compound. When they were mixed at the ratio of 1:4∼8:1, CI < 1, showing a synergistic effect. The combination of DMY and MYT also significantly inhibited the tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells, consistent with its impact on cell proliferation. The eight potential targets were identified by network pharmacology regulating melanin metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and melanogenesis signaling. According to the analysis of protein-protein interactions, TP53, TNF, and TYR might be critical targets for preventing and treating melanoma. Conclusion We found that DMY and MYT induced apoptosis of B16F10 cells, and their combined application had a significant synergistic effect. The present findings indicated that vine tea had a multi-pathway and multi-target impact on the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Okba MM, Ezzat MI, Shehabeldine AM, Ezzat SM. Eurycomanol and eurycomanone as potent inducers for cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in small and large human lung cancer cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1856-1862. [PMID: 36054770 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia Jack is one of traditional herbal medicines in South-East Asia. This study evaluated the anticancer, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction potentials of eurycomanone (EONE) and eurycomanol (EOL), highly oxygenated quassinoids previously isolated from its roots, against large (H460) and small (A549) lung cancer cells. EOL and EONE exhibited IC50 of 386 and 424 µg/mL on normal human lung cell line. EONE exhibited higher anticancer activity with an IC50 of 1.78 µg/mL and 20.66 μg/mL than EOL which exhibited an IC50 of 3.22 µg/mL and 38.05 µg/mL against H460 and A549, respectively. Both reduced the viability of H460 and A549 and arrested G0/G1 phase. The increase in the apoptotic rates was mainly in the percentage of late apoptosis. Moreover, they inhibited A549 by inducing the accumulation of S and G2/M phases. This study revealed EOL and EONE potential as novel leads exhibiting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Okba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Shehabeldine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Corema album Leaves Mediate DNA Damage in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3598-3610. [PMID: 36005142 PMCID: PMC9406933 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corema (C.) album is a shrub endemic to the Atlantic coast and has been described as yielding beneficial effects for human health. Nevertheless, studies concerning the bioactivity of C. album leaves are scarce. This study aims at investigating the anticancer potential and mode of action, of an hydroethanolic extract of C. album leaves (ECAL) on triple-negative breast cancer. This is a poor survival breast cancer subtype, owing to its high risk of distant reappearance, metastasis rates and the probability of relapse. The ECAL ability to prevent tumor progression through (i) the inhibition of cell proliferation (cell viability); (ii) the induction of apoptosis (morphological changes, TUNEL assay, caspase-3 cleaved) and (iii) the induction of DNA damage (PARP1 and γH2AX) with (iv) the involvement of NF-κB and of ERK1/2 pathways (AlphaScreen assay) was evaluated. ECAL activated the apoptotic pathway (through caspase-3) along with the inhibition of ERK and NF-κB pathways causing DNA damage and cell death. The large polyphenolic content of ECAL was presumed to be accountable for these effects. The extract of C. album leaves can target multiple pathways and, thus, can block more than one possible means of disease progression, evidencing the anticancer therapeutic potential from a plant source.
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Upregulation of B3GNT3 is associated with immune infiltration and activation of NF-κB pathway in gynecologic cancers. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Naaman SC, Shen S, Zeytinoglu M, Iyengar NM. Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Oncogenic Implications of Metabolic Dysregulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2154-2166. [PMID: 35453151 PMCID: PMC9282365 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is increasing in prevalence in parallel with rising rates of obesity worldwide. Obesity is recognized as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of breast cancer; however, this association varies considerably by clinicopathologic features, and the underlying mechanisms are complex. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pubmed literature search using combinations of "obesity," "breast cancer risk," "diet," "exercise," "weight gain," "weight loss," "adipose tissue inflammation," "crown-like structure," "immune markers," "metformin," "gliflozins," "SGLT-2i," "GLP1-RA," and related terms. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Elevated body mass index and weight gain are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that adverse measures of body composition in individuals of any weight can also confer increased breast cancer risk. Mechanistically, various factors including altered adipokine balance, dysfunctional adipose tissue, dysregulated insulin signaling, and chronic inflammation contribute to tumorigenesis. Weight loss and more specifically fat mass loss through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions improve serum metabolic and inflammatory markers, sex hormone levels, and measures of breast density, suggesting a link to decreased breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION Incorporating markers of metabolic health and body composition measures with body mass index can capture breast cancer risk more comprehensively. Further studies of interventions targeting body fat levels are needed to curb the growing prevalence of obesity-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neil M Iyengar
- Correspondence: Neil Iyengar, MD, Associate Attending, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center, 300 East 66th Street | New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Lee EK, Koh EM, Kim YN, Song J, Song CH, Jung KJ. Immunomodulatory Effect of Hispolon on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells and Mitogen/Alloantigen-Stimulated Spleen Lymphocytes of Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071423. [PMID: 35890318 PMCID: PMC9322787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hispolon is a potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agent isolated from Phellinus linteus, an oriental medicinal mushroom. However, the immunomodulatory mechanisms by which hispolon affects macrophages and lymphocytes remain poorly characterized. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of hispolon on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and lymphocyte proliferation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages or mitogen/alloantigen-treated mouse splenocytes. Hispolon inhibited LPS-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and decreased total sulfhydryl (SH) levels in a cell-free system and RAW264.7 cells. Hispolon exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Hispolon also modulated NF-κB and STAT3 activation by suppressing the NF-κB p65 interaction with phospho-IκBα and the STAT3 interaction with JAK1, as determined via coimmunoprecipitation analysis. Additionally, hispolon significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation, T cell responses and T helper type 1 (Th1)/type 2 (Th2) cytokines production in mitogen/alloantigen-treated splenocytes. We conclude that hispolon exerts immunomodulatory effects on LPS-treated macrophages or mitogen/alloantigen-treated splenocytes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. Thus, hispolon may be a therapeutic agent for treating immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyeong Lee
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Eun Mi Koh
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Chi Hun Song
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Immunotoxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (E.K.L.); (E.M.K.); (Y.N.K.); (C.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-610-8279; Fax: +82-42-610-8099
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Somashekhar SP, Jaiswal R, Kumar R, Ashok BC, Rakshit S, Rauthan A, Patil P, Yashas N, Karthik HK, Prasad A, Islam H, Ashwin KR. An Overview of the Impact of Body Mass Index on Pathological Complete Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India. Eur J Breast Health 2022; 18:271-278. [DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2022.2022-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lyu S, Zhang X, Tu Z, Zhou H, Ke X, Qu Y. GPR108 is Required for Gambogic Acid Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling in Cancer. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106279. [PMID: 35659621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GPCRs are the most potential targets for drug discovery, however, their role in oncology is underappreciated and GPCR-based anti-cancer drug is not fully investigated. Herein, we identified GPR108, a GPCR protein described in innate immune system, is a potential therapeutic target of cancer. Depletion of GPR108 dramatically inhibited the survival of various cancers. Notably, TNFα activation of NF-κB was totally impaired after GPR108 knockout. We identified gambogic acid (GA), a natural prenylated xanthone, selectively targeting GPR108. Importantly, GA engaged with GPR108 and promoted its degradation, knockout of GPR108 remarkably blocked GA inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that GA was dependent on GPR108 to exert anti-cancer activity. Overall, our findings supported GPR108 as a promising therapeutic target of cancer, and provided a small molecule inhibitor GA directly and selectively targeting GPR108 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lyu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University. No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University. No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Smolarz B, Nowak AZ, Romanowicz H. Breast Cancer-Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis and Treatment (Review of Literature). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2569. [PMID: 35626173 PMCID: PMC9139759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most-commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in women in the world, as well as the first cause of death from malignant tumors. The incidence of breast cancer is constantly increasing in all regions of the world. For this reason, despite the progress in its detection and treatment, which translates into improved mortality rates, it seems necessary to look for new therapeutic methods, and predictive and prognostic factors. Treatment strategies vary depending on the molecular subtype. Breast cancer treatment is multidisciplinary; it includes approaches to locoregional therapy (surgery and radiation therapy) and systemic therapy. Systemic therapies include hormone therapy for hormone-positive disease, chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-positive disease, and quite recently, immunotherapy. Triple negative breast cancer is responsible for more than 15-20% of all breast cancers. It is of particular research interest as it presents a therapeutic challenge, mainly due to its low response to treatment and its highly invasive nature. Future therapeutic concepts for breast cancer aim to individualize therapy and de-escalate and escalate treatment based on cancer biology and early response to therapy. The article presents a review of the literature on breast carcinoma-a disease affecting women in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Smolarz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Zadrożna Nowak
- Department of Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
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Kannappan V, Liu Y, Wang Z, Azar K, Kurusamy S, Kilari RS, Armesilla AL, Morris MR, Najlah M, Liu P, Bian XW, Wang W. PLGA-nano-encapsulated Disulfiram inhibits hypoxia-induced NFκB, cancer stem cells and targets glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1273-1284. [PMID: 35579893 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) is the major cause of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) chemotherapy failure. Hypoxia is one of the determinants of GSC. NFκB plays a pivotal link between hypoxia and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Disulfiram (DS), an antialcoholism drug, has very strong NFκB-inhibiting and anti-CSC activity. In this study, the in vitro anti-GSC activity of DS and in vivo anti-GBM efficacy of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle-encapsulated DS (DS-PLGA) were examined. We attempt to elucidate the molecular network between hypoxia and GSCs, and also examined the anti-GSC activity of DS in vitro and in vivo. The influence of GSCs and hypoxia on GBM chemoresistance and invasiveness was studied in hypoxic and spheroid cultures. The molecular regulatory roles of NFκB, HIF1α and HIF2α were investigated using stably transfected U373MG cell lines. The hypoxia in neurospheres determines the cancer stem cell characters of the sphere-cultured GBM cell lines (U87MG, U251MG, U373MG). NFκB is located at a higher hierarchical position than HIF1α/HIF2α in hypoxic regulatory network and plays a key role in hypoxia-induced GSC characters. DS inhibits NFκB activity and targets hypoxia-induced GSCs. It showed selective toxicity to GBM cells, eradicates GSC and blocks migration and invasion at very low concentrations. DS-PLGA efficaciously inhibits orthotopic and subcutaneous U87MG xenograft in mouse models with no toxicity to vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Liu
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karim Azar
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mark R Morris
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampoton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peng Liu
- Queen Mary University of London, LONDON, United Kingdom
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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Zahra MH, Nawara HM, Hassan G, Afify SM, Seno A, Seno M. Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Drug Resistance in Multiple Different Ways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:125-139. [PMID: 36587305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors are resistant to conventional cancer therapies because a tumor is composed of heterogeneous cell population. Especially, subpopulation of cancer stem cells, which have self-renewal and differentiation properties and responsible for the tumor initiation, is generally considered resistant to chemo-, radio-, and immune therapy. Understanding the mechanism of drug resistance in cancer stem cells should lead to establish more effective therapeutic strategies. Actually, different molecular mechanisms are conceivable for cancer stem cells acquiring drug resistance. These mechanisms include not only cytoplasmic signaling pathways but also the intercellular communications in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, a great deal of successful reports challenged to elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop novel treatments targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia, Shebeen El-Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Abstract
Tomentosin is a natural compound known for its presence in some medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family such as Inula viscosa. Recent studies have highlighted its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Its anticancer mechanisms are unique and act at different levels ranging from cellular organization to molecular transcriptional factors and epigenetic modifications. Tomentosin’s possession of the modulatory effect on telomerase expression on tumor cell lines has captured the interest of researchers and spurred a more robust study on its anticancer effect. Since inflammation has a close link with cancer disease, this natural compound appears to be a potential cancer-fighting drug. Indeed, its recently demonstrated anti-inflammatory action can be considered as a starting point for its evaluation as an anticancer chemo-preventive agent
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He XS, Zou SY, Yao JL, Yu W, Deng ZY, Wang JR, Gan WJ, Wan S, Yang XQ, Wu H. Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Complement Component 3 as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Chemotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:763652. [PMID: 34722636 PMCID: PMC8554154 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 5-fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX regimens are mainstay chemotherapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC) but drug resistance represents a major therapeutic challenge. To improve patient survival, there is a need to identify resistance genes to better understand the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and combined with our own microarray data. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to dissect the functional networks and hub genes associated with FOLFOX resistance and cancer recurrence. We then conducted analysis of prognosis, profiling of tumor infiltrating immune cells, and pathway overrepresentation analysis to comprehensively elucidate the biological impact of the identified hub gene in CRC. Results: WGCNA analysis identified the complement component 3 (C3) gene as the only hub gene associated with both FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance and CRC recurrence after FOLFOX chemotherapy. Subsequent survival analysis confirmed that high C3 expression confers poor progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. Further correlational analysis revealed significant negative association of C3 expression with sensitivity to oxaliplatin, but not 5-fluorouracil. Moreover, in silico analysis of tumor immune cell infiltration suggested the change of C3 expression could affect tumor microenvironment. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a hyperactivation of pathways contributing to invasion, metastasis, lymph node spread, and oxaliplatin resistance in CRC samples with C3 overexpression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high C3 expression is a debilitating factor for FOLFOX chemotherapy, especially for oxaliplatin sensitivity, and C3 may represent a novel biomarker for treatment decision of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangjianfei Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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The Role of Human Satellite III (1q12) Copy Number Variation in the Adaptive Response during Aging, Stress, and Pathology: A Pendulum Model. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101524. [PMID: 34680920 PMCID: PMC8535310 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericentric satellite III (SatIII or Sat3) and II tandem repeats recently appeared to be transcribed under stress conditions, and the transcripts were shown to play an essential role in the universal stress response. In this paper, we review the role of human-specific SatIII copy number variation (CNV) in normal stress response, aging and pathology, with a focus on 1q12 loci. We postulate a close link between transcription of SatII/III repeats and their CNV. The accrued body of data suggests a hypothetical universal mechanism, which provides for SatIII copy gain during the stress response, alongside with another, more hypothetical reverse mechanism that might reduce the mean SatIII copy number, likely via the selection of cells with excessively large 1q12 loci. Both mechanisms, working alternatively like swings of the pendulum, may ensure the balance of SatIII copy numbers and optimum stress resistance. This model is verified on the most recent data on SatIII CNV in pathology and therapy, aging, senescence and response to genotoxic stress in vitro.
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Prasad S, Kulshreshtha A, Lall R, Gupta SC. Inflammation and ROS in arthritis: management by Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Food Funct 2021; 12:8227-8247. [PMID: 34302162 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic joint inflammatory disorders like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which are manifested by joint dysfunction, show an upsurge in inflammation and oxidative stress. Although conventional anti-arthritic drugs are being used to relieve pain from arthritic symptoms, they usually cause severe side effects. Traditionally used Ayurvedic medicinal plants are a promising alternative for the management of arthritic symptoms, as they are safe and effective. Ayurvedic medicinal plants improve arthritic symptoms by reducing joint tenderness, joint pain, swelling, bone and cartilage damage, and increasing knee flexion, walking distance and sports activities. These beneficial effects of Ayurvedic medicinal plants on arthritis are mediated through various cellular mechanisms including inhibition of the inflammatory markers NF-κB, cytokines, adipokines, PGE2, NO, iNOS, COX-2, and MMPs and induction of antioxidant status by decreasing free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and myeloperoxidase, and increasing antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, and HO-1. Thus, a strategy requires using these Ayurvedic medicinal plants to treat arthritis. This article describes the status of inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic conditions. We also provide evidence that Ayurvedic medicinal plants and their bioactive components are highly effective in improving arthritic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Alok Kulshreshtha
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Rajiv Lall
- Noble Pharma, LLC, Research and Development, Menomonie, WI, 54751 USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Thaklaewphan P, Ruttanapattanakul J, Monkaew S, Buatoom M, Sookkhee S, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Kaempferia parviflora extract inhibits TNF-α-induced release of MCP-1 in ovarian cancer cells through the suppression of NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111911. [PMID: 34328090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an uncommon subtype of epithelial cell ovarian cancers (EOCs) that has poor response to conventional platinum-based therapy. Therefore, finding new potential therapeutic agents is required. Since inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), is strongly expressed in EOCs and associated with the level of tumor grade, disruption of this inflammation pathway may provide another potential target for OCCC treatment. We previously reported that Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extract decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. However, the effects of KP on OCCC, especially the aspects related to inflammatory cytokines, have not been elucidated. Our current study demonstrated the effects of KP extract on cytokine production in TNF-α-induced OCCC TOV-21G cell line. This study showed that KP extract inhibited interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production at both transcription and translation levels via the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction. In contrast, KP extract increased the expression of inhibitor kappa B (IκB) protein which may delay NF-κB translocation into the nucleus upon TNF-α activation. Moreover, the suppression of cytokines released from KP treated-TOV-21G reduced the migration of monocyte cell (THP-1). KP extract also exhibited the inhibition of IL-6 and MCP-1 production from THP-1 activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cells treated with KP extract exhibited a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL-1) expression. Suppression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and inhibition of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) migration support the possibility of using KP for OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatarawat Thaklaewphan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | - Sathit Monkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Montanee Buatoom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Siriwoot Sookkhee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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40
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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Wu X, Qian S, Zhang J, Feng J, Luo K, Sun L, Zhao L, Ran Y, Sun L, Wang J, Xu F. Lipopolysaccharide promotes metastasis via acceleration of glycolysis by the nuclear factor-κB/snail/hexokinase3 signaling axis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33980323 PMCID: PMC8117511 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cell is generally characterized by enhanced glycolysis. Inflammasome activation is interaction with glycolysis. The concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a classic inflammasome activator, is significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue than in normal intestinal mucosa. However, the mechanism of LPS on glycolysis and metastasis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of LPS on inflammasome activation, glycolysis, and metastasis, and unravel metformin's potential in treatment of CRC. METHODS We detected inflammasome activation and cell motility following LPS exposure in CRC cell lines. Glycolysis analysis was performed, and the key glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes were detected. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, and ChIP-reChIP assay were performed to identify the specific mechanisms of LPS on glycolysis. Mouse metastasis models were used to determine the effects of LPS and metformin on metastasis. Correlation analysis of the expression of various molecules was performed in 635 CRC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 83 CRC samples from our lab. RESULTS LPS activates caspase-1 through NF-κB and upregulates the expression of Snail and HK3 depending on caspase-1 activation. LPS potentiates migration and invasion depending on accelerated glycolysis, which could be reversed by knockdown of glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme HK3. Nuclear Snail is upregulated by NF-κB under LPS treatment and then forms a complex with NF-κB, then directly binds to the HK3 promoter region to upregulate the expression of HK3. Metformin suppresses the NF-κB/Snail/HK3 signaling axis that is activated by LPS and then inhibits LPS-induced metastasis. In vivo, LPS-treated cells form more metastasis in the lungs of mice, and metformin completely reverses this effect of LPS. CONCLUSION LPS activates inflammasomes in cancer cells through NF-κB and promotes metastasis through glycolysis enhanced by the NF-κB/Snail/HK3 signaling pathway in CRC. Metformin could prevent this effect of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of General Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Present Address: Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Senmi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of General Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of General Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieqiong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Luo
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of General Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of General Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Kang MJ, Kim JE, Park JW, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi SI, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Effects of Gallotannin-Enriched Extract of Galla Rhois on the Activation of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Migration Ability in LLC1 Cells and LLC1 Tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:588084. [PMID: 34257536 PMCID: PMC8262247 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.588084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gallotannin (GT) and GT-enriched extracts derived from various sources are reported to have anti-tumor activity in esophageal, colon and prostate tumors, although their anti-tumor effects have not been determined in lung carcinomas. To investigate the anti-tumor activity of GT-enriched extract of galla rhois (GEGR) against lung carcinomas, alterations in the cytotoxicity, apoptosis activation, cell cycle progression, migration ability, tumor growth, histopathological structure, and the regulation of signaling pathways were analyzed in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC1) cells and LLC1 tumor bearing C57BL/6NKorl mice, after exposure to GEGR. A high concentration of GT (69%) and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50=7.922 µg/ml) was obtained in GEGR. GEGR treatment exerted strong cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and subsequent activation of apoptosis, as well as inhibitory effects on the MAPK pathway and PI3K/AKT mediated cell migration in LLC1 cells. In the in vivo syngeneic model, exposure to GEGR resulted in suppressed growth of the LLC1 tumors, as well as inhibition of NF-κB signaling and their inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence that exposure to GEGR induces activation of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration via suppression of the MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LLC1 cells and the LLC1 syngeneic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Sun Il Choi
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Tapryal N, Shahabi S, Chakraborty A, Hosoki K, Wakamiya M, Sarkar G, Sharma G, Cardenas VJ, Boldogh I, Sur S, Ghosh G, Hazra TK. Intrapulmonary administration of purified NEIL2 abrogates NF-κB-mediated inflammation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100723. [PMID: 33932404 PMCID: PMC8164026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant or constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) contributes to various human inflammatory diseases and malignancies via the upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Thus, inhibition of NF-κB signaling has potential for therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases. We reported previously that Nei-like DNA glycosylase 2 (NEIL2), a mammalian DNA glycosylase, is involved in the preferential repair of oxidized DNA bases from the transcriptionally active sequences via the transcription-coupled base excision repair pathway. We have further shown that Neil2-null mice are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)- and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Both TNFα and lipopolysaccharide are potent activators of NF-κB. However, the underlying mechanism of NEIL2's role in the NF-κB-mediated inflammation remains elusive. Here, we have documented a noncanonical function of NEIL2 and demonstrated that the expression of genes, such as Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl10, Il6, and Tnfα, involved in inflammation and immune cell migration was significantly higher in both mock- and TNFα-treated Neil2-null mice compared with that in the WT mice. NEIL2 blocks NF-κB's binding to target gene promoters by directly interacting with the Rel homology region of RelA and represses proinflammatory gene expression as determined by co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays. Remarkably, intrapulmonary administration of purified NEIL2 via a noninvasive nasal route significantly abrogated binding of NF-κB to cognate DNA, leading to decreased expression of proinflammatory genes and neutrophil recruitment in Neil2-null as well as WT mouse lungs. Our findings thus highlight the potential of NEIL2 as a biologic for inflammation-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tapryal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Shandy Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Gobinda Sarkar
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gulshan Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor J. Cardenas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tapas K. Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,For correspondence: Tapas K. Hazra
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Ultraviolet Radiation and Chronic Inflammation-Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in Skin Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040326. [PMID: 33917793 PMCID: PMC8068112 DOI: 10.3390/life11040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.
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Du X, Song H, Shen N, Hua R, Yang G. The Molecular Basis of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes (E2s) as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073440. [PMID: 33810518 PMCID: PMC8037234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are one of the three enzymes required by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to connect activated ubiquitin to target proteins via ubiquitin ligases. E2s determine the connection type of the ubiquitin chains, and different types of ubiquitin chains regulate the stability and activity of substrate proteins. Thus, E2s participate in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. In recent years, the importance of E2s in human health and diseases has been particularly emphasized. Studies have shown that E2s are dysregulated in variety of cancers, thus it might be a potential therapeutic target. However, the molecular basis of E2s as a therapeutic target has not been described systematically. We reviewed this issue from the perspective of the special position and role of E2s in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the structure of E2s and biological processes they are involved in. In addition, the inhibitors and microRNAs targeting E2s are also summarized. This article not only provides a direction for the development of effective drugs but also lays a foundation for further study on this enzyme in the future.
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Ahmad B, Gamallat Y, Khan MF, Din SR, Israr M, Ahmad M, Tahir N, Azam N, Rahman KU, Xin W, Zexu W, Linjie P, Su P, Liang W. Natural Polyphyllins (I, II, D, VI, VII) Reverses Cancer Through Apoptosis, Autophagy, Mitophagy, Inflammation, and Necroptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1821-1841. [PMID: 33732000 PMCID: PMC7956893 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s287354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, have limited success because of secondary resistance. Therefore, safe, non-resistant, less toxic, and convenient drugs are urgently required. Natural products (NPs), primarily sourced from medicinal plants, are ideal for cancer treatment because of their low toxicity and high success. NPs cure cancer by regulating different pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ER stress, JNK, Wnt, STAT3, MAPKs, NF-kB, MEK-ERK, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, and necroptosis. Among the NPs, steroid saponins, including polyphyllins (I, II, D, VI, and VII), have potent pharmacological, analgesic, and anticancer activities for the induction of cytotoxicity. Recent research has demonstrated that polyphyllins (PPs) possess potent effects against different cancers through apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and necroptosis. This review summarizes the available studies on PPs against cancer to provide a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, KPK, I. R. Pakistan.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Syed Riaz Din
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Biology, University of Haripur, KPK, I. R. Pakistan.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Malakand University, Chakdara, KPK, I. R. Pakistan
| | - Naeem Tahir
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Nasir Azam
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalil Ur Rahman
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zexu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Linjie
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Su
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116011, People's Republic of China
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Hahne JC, Lampis A, Valeri N. Vault RNAs: hidden gems in RNA and protein regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1487-1499. [PMID: 33063126 PMCID: PMC7904556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are important regulators of differentiation during embryogenesis as well as key players in the fine-tuning of transcription and furthermore, they control the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs under physiological conditions. Deregulated expression of non-coding RNAs is often identified as one major contribution in a number of pathological conditions. Non-coding RNAs are a heterogenous group of RNAs and they represent the majority of nuclear transcripts in eukaryotes. An evolutionary highly conserved sub-group of non-coding RNAs is represented by vault RNAs, named since firstly discovered as component of the largest known ribonucleoprotein complexes called "vault". Although they have been initially described 30 years ago, vault RNAs are largely unknown and their molecular role is still under investigation. In this review we will summarize the known functions of vault RNAs and their involvement in cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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48
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Munir S, Frøsig TM, Hansen M, Svane IM, Andersen MH. Characterization of T-cell responses against IκBα in cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1290-1296. [PMID: 23243592 PMCID: PMC3518501 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) is constitutively active in most cancers, controlling multiple cellular processes including proliferation, invasion and resistance to therapy. NFκB is primarily regulated through the association with inhibitory proteins that are known as inhibitors of NFκB (IκBs). Increased NFκB activity in tumor cells has been correlated with decrease stability of IκB proteins, in particular IκBα. In responso to a large number of stimuli, IκB proteins are degraded by the proteasome. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize HLA-restricted antigenic peptides that are generated by proteasomal degradation in target cells. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of naturally occurring IκBα -specific T cells in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from several unrelated tumor types, i.e., breast cancer, malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but not of healthy controls. Furthermore, we show that such IBα-specific T cells are granzyme B-releasing, cytotoxic cells. Hence, the increased proteasomal degradation of IκBα in cancer induces IκBα-specific CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Munir
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology and Oncology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Herlev, Denmark
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Liu YK, Jia YJ, Liu SH, Ma J. FSTL1 increases cisplatin sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells by inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:405-414. [PMID: 33392640 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of FSTL1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway on cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of EOC cells. METHODS FSTL1 expression was determined in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry. SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were transfected and grouped into Blank, Vector, and FSTL1 groups. The sensitivity and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cells treated with different concentrations of DDP were detected by MTT assay. SKOV3/DDP cells were treated with 20 μM DDP, followed by evaluation of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and determination of NF-κB pathway-related proteins while SKOV3 cells without. RESULTS FSTL1 expression in EOC tissues and cells was significantly down-regulated, especially decreased in DDP-resistant EOC cells SKOV3/DDP. In SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/DDP cells, the cell viability was reduced and the DDP sensitivity was improved with the decreased IC50 after over-expressing FSTL1. Compared with Blank group, FSTL1 group had declined number of SKOV3 cell colonies and increased cell apoptosis, with obvious up-regulations of FSTL1, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 expression and the down-regulations of p-IκBα, p-p65 and survivin expression. Combination of up-regulation of FSTL1 and DDP treatment can also effectively reduce cell colony forming, increase cell apoptosis, and inhibit NF-κB pathway activity of SKOV3/DDP cells. Moreover, this combination can also significantly suppress the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSION FSTL1 may inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress the growth and promote the apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells, and thereby enhancing its DDP sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Ya-Jing Jia
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
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50
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Wang H, Zhang S, Yee D, Basu S, Beckwith H, Potter D, Blaes A. Impact of body mass index on pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:618-629. [PMID: 33387284 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of an increased body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of BMI on pathological complete response (pCR) rates for operable breast cancer after NACT. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science database for observational studies and randomized controlled trials that reported the association of BMI with pCR after NACT. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of BMI on pCR rate. RESULTS We identified 13 studies including a total of 18,702 women with operable breast cancer who underwent NACT. Two studies were pooled analyses of prospective clinical trials (10,669 patients); the rest were case-control studies (8033 patients). All studies provided data of two BMI groups (BMI < 25 vs. BMI ≥ 25). Pooled analyses demonstrated that overweight/obese women were less likely to achieve pCR after NACT as compared to under-/normal weight women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-0.93). Eleven studies provided data of three BMI groups (BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30, BMI ≥ 30). Based on pooled analyses, both overweight and obese groups were less likely to achieve pCR with NACT as compared to under-/normal weight group, (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.93 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.77, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese breast cancer patients had a lower pCR rate with NACT compared to patients with under-/normal weight. Further prospective studies may help confirm this finding and investigate possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Illinois CancerCare, 8940 N Wood Sage Rd, Peoria, IL, 61615, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Saonli Basu
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Heather Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David Potter
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anne Blaes
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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