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Cougnoux A, Pergande MR, Serna-Perez F, Cologna SM. Investigation of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Treatment in a Neuronal-Like Cell Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Using Quantitative Proteomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:668-675. [PMID: 36920149 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick, type C (NPC) is a fatal, neurovisceral lysosomal storage disorder with progressive neurodegeneration and no FDA-approved therapy. Significant efforts have been focused on the development of therapeutic options, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-b-CD) has emerged as a promising candidate. In cell culture, HP-b-CD ameliorates cholesterol storage in endo/lysosomes, a hallmark of the disorder. Furthermore, in animal studies, treatment with HP-b-CD delays neurodegeneration and extends lifespan. While HP-b-CD has been promising in vitro and in vivo, a clear understanding of the mechanism(s) of action is lacking. Utilizing a neuron-like cell culture model of SH-SY5Y differentiated cells and U18666A to induce the NPC phenotype, we report here a large-scale mass-spectrometry-based proteomic study to evaluate proteome changes upon treatment with these small molecules. In this study, we show that differentiated SH-SY5Y cells display morphological changes representative of neuronal-like cells along with increased levels of proliferation markers. Inhibition of the NPC cholesterol transporter 1 protein by U18666A resulted in increased levels of known NPC markers including SCARB2/LIMP2 and LAMP2. Finally, investigation of HP-b-CD treatment was performed where we observe that, although HP-b-CD reduces cholesterol storage, levels of NPC1 and NPC2 are not normalized to control levels. This finding further supports the need for a proteostasis strategy for NPC drug development. Moreover, proteins that were dysregulated in the U18666A model of NPC and normalized to control levels suggest that HP-b-CD promotes exocytosis in this neuron-like model. Utilizing state of the art mass spectrometry analysis, these data demonstrate newly reported changes with pharmacological perturbations related to NPC disease and provide insight into the mechanisms of HP-b-CD as a potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Cougnoux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Melissa R Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Fidel Serna-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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2
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Benito-León M, Gil-Redondo JC, Perez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Ortega F, Gomez-Villafuertes R. BCI, an inhibitor of the DUSP1 and DUSP6 dual specificity phosphatases, enhances P2X7 receptor expression in neuroblastoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1049566. [PMID: 36589747 PMCID: PMC9797830 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1049566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is expressed strongly by most human cancers, including neuroblastoma, where high levels of P2RX7 are correlated with a poor prognosis for patients. Tonic activation of P2X7 receptor favors cell metabolism and angiogenesis, thereby promoting cancer cell proliferation, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Although understanding the mechanisms that control P2X7 receptor levels in neuroblastoma cells could be biologically and clinically relevant, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI), an allosteric inhibitor of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP) 1 and 6, enhances the expression of P2X7 receptor in N2a neuroblastoma cells. We found that exposure to BCI induces the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK, while it prevents the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. BCI enhanced dual specificity phosphatase 1 expression, whereas it induced a decrease in the dual specificity phosphatase 6 transcripts, suggesting that BCI-dependent inhibition of dual specificity phosphatase 1 may be responsible for the increase in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. The weaker ERK phosphorylation induced by BCI was reversed by p38 inhibition, indicating that this MAPK is involved in the regulatory loop that dampens ERK activity. The PP2A phosphatase appears to be implicated in the p38-dependent dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. In addition, the PTEN phosphatase inhibition also prevented ERK1/2 dephosphorylation, probably through p38 downregulation. By contrast, inhibition of the p53 nuclear factor decreased ERK phosphorylation, probably enhancing the activity of p38. Finally, the inhibition of either p38 or Sp1-dependent transcription halved the increase in P2X7 receptor expression induced by BCI. Moreover, the combined inhibition of both p38 and Sp1 completely prevented the effect exerted by BCI. Together, our results indicate that dual specificity phosphatase 1 acts as a novel negative regulator of P2X7 receptor expression in neuroblastoma cells due to the downregulation of the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benito-León
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gil-Redondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biophysics, BOKU University for Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raquel Perez-Sen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G. Delicado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Felipe Ortega, ; Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes,
| | - Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Felipe Ortega, ; Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes,
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3
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Rodrigues RJ, Marques JM, Cunha RA. Purinergic signalling and brain development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Neuronal P2X7 Receptor: Involvement in Neuronal Physiology and Pathology. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7063-7072. [PMID: 28747389 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3104-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed presence of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in neurons has been the source of some contention. Initial studies suggested an absence of P2X7R mRNA in neurons, and the apparent nonspecificity of the antibodies used to identify P2X7R raised further doubts. However, subsequent studies using new pharmacological and biomolecular tools provided conclusive evidence supporting the existence of functional P2X7Rs in neurons. The P2X7 receptor has since been shown to play a leading role in multiple aspects of neuronal physiology, including axonal elongation and branching and neurotransmitter release. P2X7R has also been implicated in neuronal pathologies, in which it may influence neuronal survival. Together, this body of research suggests that P2X7R may constitute an important therapeutic target for a variety of neurological disorders.
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Swayne LA, Boyce AKJ. Regulation of Pannexin 1 Surface Expression by Extracellular ATP: Potential Implications for Nervous System Function in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:230. [PMID: 28848396 PMCID: PMC5550711 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels are widely recognized for their role in ATP release, and as follows, their function is closely tied to that of ATP-activated P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs). Our recent work has shown that extracellular ATP induces clustering of Panx1 with P2X7Rs and their subsequent internalization through a non-canonical cholesterol-dependent mechanism. In other words, we have demonstrated that extracellular ATP levels can regulate the cell surface expression of Panx1. Here we discuss two situations in which we hypothesize that ATP modulation of Panx1 surface expression could be relevant for central nervous system function. The first scenario involves the development of new neurons in the ventricular zone. We propose that ATP-induced Panx1 endocytosis could play an important role in regulating the balance of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation within this neurogenic niche in the healthy brain. The second scenario relates to the spinal cord, in which we posit that an impairment of ATP-induced Panx1 endocytosis could contribute to pathological neuroplasticity. Together, the discussion of these hypotheses serves to highlight important outstanding questions regarding the interplay between extracellular ATP, Panx1, and P2X7Rs in the nervous system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, VictoriaBC, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, VancouverBC, Canada
| | - Andrew K J Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, VictoriaBC, Canada
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Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ion channel gated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The receptor is present on an increasing number of different cells types including stem, blood, glial, neural, ocular, bone, dental, exocrine, endothelial, muscle, renal and skin cells. The P2X7 receptor induces various downstream events in a cell-specific manner, including inflammatory molecule release, cell proliferation and death, metabolic events, and phagocytosis. As such this receptor plays important roles in heath and disease. Increasing knowledge about the P2X7 receptor has been gained from studies of, but not limited to, protein chemistry including cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, crystal structures and atomic modeling, as well as from studies of primary tissues and transgenic mice. This chapter focuses on the P2X7 receptor itself. This includes the P2RX7 gene and its products including splice and polymorphic variants. This chapter also reviews modulators of P2X7 receptor activation and inhibition, as well as the transcriptional regulation of the P2RX7 gene via its promoter and enhancer regions, and by microRNA and long-coding RNA. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the post-translational modification of the P2X7 receptor by N-linked glycosylation, adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation and palmitoylation. Finally, this chapter reviews interaction partners of the P2X7 receptor, and its cellular localisation and trafficking within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Jiang T, Sun Q, Chen S. Oxidative stress: A major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 147:1-19. [PMID: 27769868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free radicals produced by oxidative stress are one of the common features in several experimental models of diseases. Free radicals affect both the structure and function of neural cells, and contribute to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Although the precise mechanisms that result in the degeneration of neurons and the relevant pathological changes remain unclear, the crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with several proteins (such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, Amyloid β and tau protein) and some signaling pathways (such as extracellular regulated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) that are tightly associated with the neural damage. In this review, we present evidence, gathered over the last decade, concerning a variety of pathogenic proteins, their important signaling pathways and pathogenic mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Proper control and regulation of these proteins' functions and the related signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic approach to the patients. We also emphasizes antioxidative options, including some new neuroprotective agents that eliminate excess reactive oxygen species efficiently and have a certain therapeutic effect; however, controversy surrounds some of them in terms of the dose and length of therapy. These agents require further investigation by clinical application in patients suffering Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Tang Y, Illes P. Regulation of adult neural progenitor cell functions by purinergic signaling. Glia 2016; 65:213-230. [PMID: 27629990 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purines are signaling molecules in the neurogenic niches of the brain and spinal cord, where they activate cell surface purinoceptors at embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Although mRNA and protein are expressed at NSCs/NPCs for almost all subtypes of the nucleotide-sensitive P2X/P2Y, and the nucleoside-sensitive adenosine receptors, only a few of those have acquired functional significance. ATP is sequentially degraded by ecto-nucleotidases to ADP, AMP, and adenosine with agonistic properties for distinct receptor-classes. Nucleotides/nucleosides facilitate or inhibit NSC/NPC proliferation, migration and differentiation. The most ubiquitous effect of all agonists (especially of ATP and ADP) appears to be the facilitation of cell proliferation, usually through P2Y1Rs and sometimes through P2X7Rs. However, usually P2X7R activation causes necrosis/apoptosis of NPCs. Differentiation can be initiated by P2Y2R-activation or P2X7R-blockade. A key element in the transduction mechanism of either receptor is the increase of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, which may arise due to its release from intracellular storage sites (G protein-coupling; P2Y) or due to its passage through the receptor-channel itself from the extracellular space (ATP-gated ion channel; P2X). Further research is needed to clarify how purinergic signaling controls NSC/NPC fate and how the balance between the quiescent and activated states is established with fine and dynamic regulation. GLIA 2017;65:213-230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Peter Illes
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
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Carmo MR, Menezes APF, Nunes ACL, Pliássova A, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Cunha RA, Canas PM, Andrade GM. The P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G attenuates contralateral rotations in a rat model of Parkinsonism through a combined control of synaptotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gliosis. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:142-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Glaser T, de Oliveira SLB, Cheffer A, Beco R, Martins P, Fornazari M, Lameu C, Junior HMC, Coutinho-Silva R, Ulrich H. Modulation of mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation and neural differentiation by the P2X7 receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96281. [PMID: 24798220 PMCID: PMC4010452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel developmental functions have been attributed to the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) including proliferation stimulation and neural differentiation. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced with retinoic acid to neural differentiation, closely assemble processes occurring during neuroectodermal development of the early embryo. Principal Findings P2X7R expression together with the pluripotency marker Oct-4 was highest in undifferentiated ESC. In undifferentiated cells, the P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP accelerated cell cycle entry, which was blocked by the specific P2X7R inhibitor KN-62. ESC induced to neural differentiation with retinoic acid, reduced Oct-4 and P2X7R expression. P2X7R receptor-promoted intracellular calcium fluxes were obtained at lower Bz-ATP ligand concentrations in undifferentiated and in neural-differentiated cells compared to other studies. The presence of KN-62 led to increased number of cells expressing SSEA-1, Dcx and β3-tubulin, as well as the number of SSEA-1 and β3-tubulin-double-positive cells confirming that onset of neuroectodermal differentiation and neuronal fate determination depends on suppression of P2X7R activity. Moreover, an increase in the number of Ki-67 positive cells in conditions of P2X7R inhibition indicates rescue of progenitors into the cell cycle, augmenting the number of neuroblasts and consequently neurogenesis. Conclusions In embryonic cells, P2X7R expression and activity is upregulated, maintaining proliferation, while upon induction to neural differentiation P2X7 receptor expression and activity needs to be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renata Beco
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maynara Fornazari
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Helio Miranda Costa Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Orellano EA, Cartagena MM, Rosado K, Carballeira NM. Synthesis of the novel (±)-2-methoxy-6-icosynoic acid--a fatty acid that induces death of neuroblastoma cells. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 172-173:14-9. [PMID: 23648411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis for the novel fatty acid (±)-2-methoxy-6-icosynoic acid was accomplished in seven steps and in a 14% overall yield starting from 2-(4-bromobutoxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran. The title compound displayed an EC50=23±1 μM against the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and an EC50=26±1 μM against the human adenocarcinoma cervix cell line (HeLa) after 48 h of exposure. The corresponding non-methoxylated analog 6-icosynoic acid did not display cytotoxicity (EC50>500 μM) toward the studied cell lines as well as the 2-methoxyicosanoic acid (EC50>300 μM). The critical micelle concentration (CMC=20-30 μM) for the (±)-2-methoxy-6-icosynoic acid was also determined. It was found that α-methoxylation decreases the CMC of a fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie A Orellano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346
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Ulrich H, Abbracchio MP, Burnstock G. Extrinsic purinergic regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells: implications for CNS development and repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:755-67. [PMID: 22544361 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been tremendous progress in understanding neural stem cell (NSC) biology, with genetic and cell biological methods identifying sequential gene expression and molecular interactions guiding NSC specification into distinct neuronal and glial populations during development. Data has emerged on the possible exploitation of NSC-based strategies to repair adult diseased brain. However, despite increased information on lineage specific transcription factors, cell-cycle regulators and epigenetic factors involved in the fate and plasticity of NSCs, understanding of extracellular cues driving the behavior of embryonic and adult NSCs is still very limited. Knowledge of factors regulating brain development is crucial in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Since injury-activated repair mechanisms in adult brain often recapitulate ontogenetic events, the identification of these players will also reveal novel regenerative strategies. Here, we highlight the purinergic system as a key emerging player in the endogenous control of NSCs. Purinergic signalling molecules (ATP, UTP and adenosine) act with growth factors in regulating the synchronized proliferation, migration, differentiation and death of NSCs during brain and spinal cord development. At early stages of development, transient and time-specific release of ATP is critical for initiating eye formation; once anatomical CNS structures are defined, purinergic molecules participate in calcium-dependent neuron-glia communication controlling NSC behaviour. When development is complete, some purinergic mechanisms are silenced, but can be re-activated in adult brain after injury, suggesting a role in regeneration and self-repair. Targeting the purinergic system to develop new strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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Hernandez JM, Siegel EM, Riggs B, Eschrich S, Elahi A, Qu X, Ajidahun A, Berglund A, Coppola D, Grady WM, Giuliano AR, Shibata D. DNA methylation profiling across the spectrum of HPV-associated anal squamous neoplasia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50533. [PMID: 23226306 PMCID: PMC3511539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in host tumor genome DNA methylation patterns are among the molecular alterations associated with HPV-related carcinogenesis. However, there is little known about the epigenetic changes associated specifically with the development of anal squamous cell cancer (SCC). We sought to characterize broad methylation profiles across the spectrum of anal squamous neoplasia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Twenty-nine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from 24 patients were evaluated and included adjacent histologically normal anal mucosa (NM; n = 3), SCC-in situ (SCC-IS; n = 11) and invasive SCC (n = 15). Thirteen women and 11 men with a median age of 44 years (range 26-81) were included in the study. Using the SFP(10) LiPA HPV-typing system, HPV was detected in at least one tissue from all patients with 93% (27/29) being positive for high-risk HPV types and 14 (93%) of 15 invasive SCC tissues testing positive for HPV 16. Bisulfite-modified DNA was interrogated for methylation at 1,505 CpG loci representing 807 genes using the Illumina GoldenGate Methylation Array. When comparing the progression from normal anal mucosa and SCC-IS to invasive SCC, 22 CpG loci representing 20 genes demonstrated significant differential methylation (p<0.01). The majority of differentially methylated gene targets occurred at or close to specific chromosomal locations such as previously described HPV methylation "hotspots" and viral integration sites. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a panel of differentially methlylated CpG loci across the spectrum of HPV-associated squamous neoplasia of the anus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of large-scale high throughput methylation analysis for the study of anal neoplasia. Our findings support further investigations into the role of host-genome methylation in HPV-associated anal carcinogenesis with implications towards enhanced diagnosis and screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Hernandez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bridget Riggs
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Abul Elahi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Abidemi Ajidahun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - William M. Grady
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Involvement of P2Y13 receptor in suppression of neuronal differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2012; 518:5-9. [PMID: 22521313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We examined the receptor-mediated effects of extracellular ATP on neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, Neuro2a cells and MEB5 cells by using a series of receptor antagonists. The P2Y13 receptor antagonist MRS2211 significantly accelerated neurite outgrowth in all cases. Treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) alone activated ERK1/2 in PC12 cells, and the activation was further increased by MRS2211. These results suggest involvement of P2Y13 receptor in suppression of neuronal differentiation. Thus, P2Y13 receptor antagonists might be candidates for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Yuahasi KK, Demasi MA, Tamajusuku AS, Lenz G, Sogayar MC, Fornazari M, Lameu C, Nascimento IC, Glaser T, Schwindt TT, Negraes PD, Ulrich H. Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis of retinoic acid‐induced P19 embryonal carcinoma cells by P2X2 and P2X7 receptors studied by RNA interference. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katia K. Yuahasi
- Departamento de Neurologia ClínicaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Marcos A. Demasi
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Alessandra S.K. Tamajusuku
- Departamento de BiofísicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Universidade Federal do PampaCampus UruguaianaRSBrazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de BiofísicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Mari C. Sogayar
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Maynara Fornazari
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Isis C. Nascimento
- Departamento de Neurologia ClínicaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Telma T. Schwindt
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Priscilla D. Negraes
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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Interaction of purinergic receptors with GPCRs, ion channels, tyrosine kinase and steroid hormone receptors orchestrates cell function. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:91-103. [PMID: 21887492 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have emerged as key regulators of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes acting through P1 and P2 cell surface receptors. Increasing evidence suggests that purinergic receptors can interact with and/or modulate the activity of other classes of receptors and ion channels. This review will focus on the interactions of purinergic receptors with other GPCRs, ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases, and steroid hormone receptors. Also, the signal transduction pathways regulated by these complexes and their new functional properties are discussed.
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18
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Jia C, Sangsiri S, Belock B, Iqbal TR, Pestka JJ, Hegg CC. ATP mediates neuroprotective and neuroproliferative effects in mouse olfactory epithelium following exposure to satratoxin G in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:169-78. [PMID: 21865290 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal aspiration of satratoxin G (SG), a mycotoxin produced by the black mold Stachybotrys chartarum, selectively induces apoptosis in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in mouse olfactory epithelium (OE) through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis 24 h post-SG exposure in vitro as measured by increased activated caspases in the OP6 olfactory placodal cell line and increased propidium iodide staining in primary OE cell cultures. Intranasal aspiration of SG increased TUNEL (Terminal dUTP Nick End Labeling) staining in the neuronal layer of the OE and significantly increased the latency to find a buried food pellet, confirming that SG selectively induces neuronal apoptosis and demonstrating that SG impairs the sense of smell. Next, we investigated whether ATP can prevent SG-induced OE toxicity. ATP did not decrease apoptosis under physiological conditions but significantly reduced SG-induced OSN apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, purinergic receptor inhibition significantly increased apoptosis in OE primary cell culture and in vivo. These data indicate that ATP is neuroprotective against SG-induced OE toxicity. The number of cells that incorporated 5'-bromodeoxyuridine, a measure of proliferation, was significantly increased 3 and 6 days post-SG aspiration. Treatment with purinergic receptor antagonists significantly reduced SG-induced cell proliferation, whereas post-treatment with ATP significantly potentiated SG-induced cell proliferation. These data indicate that ATP is released and promotes cell proliferation via activation of purinergic receptors in SG-induced OE injury. Thus, the purinergic system is a therapeutic target to alleviate or restore the loss of OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Zimmermann H. Purinergic signaling in neural development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:194-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bi Y, Gong M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu Y, He TC, Li T. Pre-activation of retinoid signaling facilitates neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2010; 52:419-31. [PMID: 20507357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2010.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into neurons in an appropriate cellular environment. Retinoid signaling pathway is required in neural development. However, the effect and mechanism through retinoid signaling regulates neuronal differentiation of MSCs are still poorly understood. Here, we report that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) pre-induction improved neuronal differentiation of rat MSCs. We found that, when MSCs were exposed to different concentrations of ATRA (0.01-100 micromol/L) for 24 h and then cultured with modified neuronal induction medium (MNM), 1 micromol/L ATRA pre-induction significantly improved neuronal differentiation efficiency and neural-cell survival. Compared with MNM alone induced neural-like cells, ATRA/MNM induced cells expressed higher levels of Nestin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), but lower levels of CD68, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF), also exhibited higher resting membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration, supporting that ATRA pre-induction promotes maturation and function of derived neurons but not neuroglia cells from MSCs. Endogenous retinoid X receptors (RXR) RXRalpha and RXRgamma (and to a lesser extent, RXRbeta) were weakly expressed in MSCs. But the expression of RARalpha and RARgamma was readily detectable, whereas RARbeta was undetectable. However, at 24 h after ATRA treatment, the expression of RARbeta, not RARalpha or RARgamma, increased significantly. We further found the subnuclear redistribution of RARbeta in differentiated neurons, suggesting that RARbeta may function as a major mediator of retinoid signaling during neuronal differentiation from MSCs. ATRA treatment upregulated the expression of Vimentin and Stra13, while it downregulated the expression of Brachyury in MSCs. Thus, our results demonstrate that pre-activation of retinoid signaling by ATRA facilitates neuronal differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bi
- Nutritional Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nara A, Aki T, Funakoshi T, Uemura K. Methamphetamine induces macropinocytosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 2010; 1352:1-10. [PMID: 20654590 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic abuses of psychostimulant drugs such as methamphetamine (METH) have been known to cause cell death. In particular, neurotoxicity caused by such drugs is one of the most serious adverse events in humans. Although various effects on neuronal cells caused by METH have been studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of METH-induced neurotoxicity remain to be elucidated. To investigate the mechanism of METH-induced cytotoxicity, we studied cytological as well as biochemical changes in retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Marked cell death was observed with more than 7mM METH, although caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death was not observed with any concentration of METH treatment. The most prominent cytomorphological effect by METH was the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles which were not colocalized with either GFP-LC3 or HSP47-GFP, autophagosome and ER markers respectively. In contrast, many of these vacuoles incorporated large molecular weight FITC-dextran and were confirmed as macropinosomes. Our results indicate that METH-induced cytomorphological effects on RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells involve macropinocytosis and the hyperstimulation of this process may be involved in METH-caused cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Nara
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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