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Pashmforoosh N, Baradaran M. Peptides with Diverse Functions from Scorpion Venom: A Great Opportunity for the Treatment of a Wide Variety of Diseases. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:84-99. [PMID: 37070616 PMCID: PMC10314758 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran The venom glands are a rich source of biologically important peptides with pharmaceutical properties. Scorpion venoms have been identified as a reservoir for components that might be considered as great candidates for drug development. Pharmacological properties of the venom compounds have been confirmed in the treatment of different disorders. Ion channel blockers and AMPs are the main groups of scorpion venom components. Despite the existence of several studies about scorpion peptides, there are still valuable components to be discovered. Additionally, owing to the improvement of proteomics and transcriptomics, the number of peptide drugs is steadily increasing, which reflects the importance of these medications. This review evaluates available literatures on some important scorpion venom peptides with pharmaceutical activities. Given that the last three years have been dominated by the COVID-19 from the medical/pharmaceutical perspective, scorpion compounds with the potential against the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoumeh Baradaran
- Corresponding Author: Masoumeh Baradaran Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; E-mail:
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Combined Effect of Neutron Radiation and Curcumin on Breast Cancer Cells Cytotoxicity in 3D Culture Medium. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:475-84. [PMID: 36380684 PMCID: PMC9841218 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: Chemotherapy, biotherapy, and radiotherapy play a limited but important role in treating breast cancer. For more efficient treatment, combination therapy could be an appropriate option. In this study, radiotherapy using neutron radiation emitted from a 241Am-Be neutron source, as well as biotherapy using curcumin (80 μM) was combined to investigate the efficiency of treatment towards MCF-7 breast cancer in a three dimensional (3D) culture medium. Methods Methods: MTT, neutral red uptake assay, nitric oxide, glutathione assay, catalase, cytochrome c, comet assay, and caspase-3 were used to determine the effect of neutron radiation and also neutron and curcumin combination on the viability of cancer cells. Results Results: The results of cytotoxicity test showed that neutron irradiation with or without curcumin at 5, 10, 15, and 20 h reduced the survival of tumor cells. Moreover, the rate of apoptosis due to the neutron effect at different irradiation times enhanced with the increasing time. Conclusion Conclusion: Due to the significant anticancer effect of curcumin in 3D culture, using this molecule before or after neutron therapy is recommended.
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Liu XY, Zhu MH, Wang XY, Dong X, Liu HJ, Li RY, Jia SC, Lu Q, Zhao M, Sun P, Chen HZ, Fang C. A nano-innate immune system activator for cancer therapy in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:54. [PMID: 35093074 PMCID: PMC8800325 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has led to prominent clinical successes. Strategies to stimulate innate immune effectors are attracting considerable interest in cancer therapy. Here, through conjugating multivalent Fc fragments onto the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), we developed a nanoparticle-based innate immune system activator (NISA) for breast cancer immunotherapy. Methods NISA was prepared through conjugating mouse IgG3 Fc to MSN surface. Then, long-chain PEG5000, which was used to shield Fc to confer nanoparticle colloidal stability, was linked to the MSN surface via matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2)-cleavable peptide (GPLGIAGQC). The activation of multiple components of innate immune system, including complement and the innate cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) and the associated anticancer effect were investigated. Results Fc fragments of NISA can be exposed through hydrolysis of long-chain PEG5000 by highly expressed MMP-2 in tumor microenvironment. Then, effective stimulation and activation of multiple components of innate immune system, including complement, macrophages, and dendritic cells were obtained, leading to efficient antitumor effect in 4T1 breast cancer cells and orthotopic breast tumor model in mice. Conclusions The antitumor potency conferred by NISA highlights the significance of stimulating multiple innate immune elements in cancer immunotherapy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01265-4.
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Said YM, El-Gamel NEA, Ali SA, Mohamed AF. Evaluation of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioning Medium (hWJ-MSCs-CM) or Scorpion Venom Breast Cancer Cell Line In Vitro. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 53:888-901. [PMID: 34988906 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Egyptian scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus venom (ScV) or human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioning medium (hWJ-MSCs-CM)/CM against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line as an alternative effective cancer biotherapy. METHODS Venom (ScV) toxicity was performed recording concentration-dependent viability % and ScV IC50 value was in the order of 100 μg/ml. MCF-7 were treated with hWJ-MSCs-CM used as (25%, 50%, and 75% ml) or the IC50 of ScV. Apoptotic activity was traced via evaluation the apoptotic (Bax, Casp-3, and Casp-9) and anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, ALDOA, and PKM2) profile. RESULTS Both Bax and Casp-3 showed a significant upregulation while anti-apoptotic genes were significantly downregulated. In the meantime, Casp-3 and Casp-9 protein were monitored using ELISA, and their level was less than in control. Additionally, MCF-7 apoptosis was monitored using flow cytometry recording a significant DNA accumulation in the G0-G1 and S phases in case of cell treatment with ScV or CM75% ml and 50% ml. Also, there was a significant total necrotic cells % compared with control cells, and total apoptosis under the effect of ScV or CM75% ml was significantly elevated than rest of treatment. CONCLUSION Apoptosis induction was both dose- and time-dependent for hWJ-MSCs-CM and ScV. According to the present study and other studies, there is an ample evidence that hWJ-MSCs-CM and the venom IC50 abolish tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia E A El-Gamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Said A Ali
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- The International Center for Advanced Researches (ICTAR), Giza, Egypt
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Dezianian S, Zargan J, Goudarzi HR, Haji Noormohamadi A, Mousavi M, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Johari B. In-vitro Study of Hottentotta Schach Crude Venom Anticancer Effects on MCF-7 and Vero Cell Lines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:192-202. [PMID: 32922480 PMCID: PMC7462501 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venoms contain potentially useful pharmacological agents. Several studies demonstrate that the venoms of some scorpions induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of cancer cells; therefore, they have been investigated for isolating anticancer components. In this study, antitumor effects of Hottentotta schach crude venom on MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) as test group and Vero (African green monkey kidney normal cell line) as control group were analyzed. Cell toxicity was analyzed using MTT and neutral red (NR) uptake assays and apoptosis induction was analyzed using comet assay and caspase-3 activity. Oxidative stress following Hottentotta schach crude venom treatment was analyzed using nitrite oxide (NO) determination assay, reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme activity assays. Results showed that crude venom (25-200 μg/mL) induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and to a lesser extent in Vero cell lines. Nitrite oxide concentration increased while glutathione concentration and catalase enzyme activity were decreased in MCF-7 cells; however, results in Vero cells were reversed completely. It can be concluded that Hottentotta schach crude venom disturbs the oxidation and reduction potential in cancer cells and ultimately induce apoptosis. So this venom can be used as a good source for isolation and designing new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Dezianian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.,Human Viral Vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jamil Zargan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Goudarzi
- Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenin Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Valizade M, Raesi Vanani A, Rezaei M, Khorsandi LS, Zeidooni L, Mahdavinia M. Mesobuthus eupeus venom induced injury in the colorectal carcinoma cell line (HT29) through altering the mitochondria membrane stability. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:760-767. [PMID: 32695292 PMCID: PMC7351445 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40884.9659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to investigate cytotoxicity and membrane toxicity effects induced by Mesobuthus eupeus venom (MEV) on the HT-29 cell line. Materials and Methods: To determine the in vitro cytotoxicity via MTT assays, HT-29 (as cancer cell line) and Hek-293T (as normal cell) were treated through different concentrations of MEV, and cytotoxicity effects were then measured through assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis induction. The colony formation assay was performed to measure the antiproliferative effect of MEV on HT-29 cells. Nuclei alterations were also observed during apoptosis following DAPI staining. Besides, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to detect alterations in morphology and ultrastructure of the cells at a nanoscale level. Results: According to MTT and clonogenic assays, MEV caused a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation of HT-29 cells while it did not have any impact on normal cells and the IC50 value was found to be 10 µg/ml. Induction of apoptosis was also confirmed by flowcytometric analysis in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the results indicated that MEV had led to a suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis through increased ROS and depolarization of mitochondria. Furthermore, AFM imaging demonstrated apoptosis cell death after being treated with MEV in HT-29 cells. Conclusion: This study showed that MEV had an antiproliferative effect on HT-29 cells by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondria signaling pathway. These findings suggested that MEV could be used as a promising natural remedy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massood Valizade
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Raesi Vanani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Sadat Khorsandi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Zeidooni
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mikaelian AG, Traboulay E, Zhang XM, Yeritsyan E, Pedersen PL, Ko YH, Matalka KZ. Pleiotropic Anticancer Properties of Scorpion Venom Peptides: Rhopalurus princeps Venom as an Anticancer Agent. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:881-893. [PMID: 32161447 PMCID: PMC7051175 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s231008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, the success of conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted biological therapies in cancer treatment is not satisfactory. The main reasons for such outcomes rely on low target selectivity, primarily in chemo- and radiotherapy, ineffectiveness to metastatic disease, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors may offer better clinical promise, success is still limited. Since cancer is a complex systemic disease, the need for new therapeutic modalities that can target or block several steps of cancer cell characteristics, modulate or repolarize immune cells, and are less toxic to healthy tissues is essential. Of these promising therapeutic modalities are pleiotropic natural products in which scorpion venom (SV) is an excellent example. SV consists of complex bioactive peptides that are disulfide-rich of different peptides’ length, potent, stable, and exerts various multi-pharmacological actions. SV peptides also contain ion channel inhibitors. These ion channels are dysregulated and overexpressed in cancer cells, and play essential roles in cancer development and invasion, as well as depolarizing immune cells. Furthermore, SV has been found to induce cancer cell apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cells proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the current review, we are presenting data that show the pleiotropic effect of SV against different types of human cancer as well as revealing one potential anticancer agent, Rhopalurus princeps venom. Furthermore, we are addressing what is needed to be done to translate these potential cancer therapeutics to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter L Pedersen
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Laboratory, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Hee Ko
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Laboratory, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Induction Effects of the Venom of Iranian Scorpion (Odontobuthus bidentatus) in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2). Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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The Comparative Cytotoxic Effects of Apis mellifera Crude Venom on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line in 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Kazemi SM, Sabatier JM. Venoms of Iranian Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) and Their Potential for Drug Discovery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142670. [PMID: 31340554 PMCID: PMC6680535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpions, a characteristic group of arthropods, are among the earliest diverging arachnids, dating back almost 440 million years. One of the many interesting aspects of scorpions is that they have venom arsenals for capturing prey and defending against predators, which may play a critical role in their evolutionary success. Unfortunately, however, scorpion envenomation represents a serious health problem in several countries, including Iran. Iran is acknowledged as an area with a high richness of scorpion species and families. The diversity of the scorpion fauna in Iran is the subject of this review, in which we report a total of 78 species and subspecies in 19 genera and four families. We also list some of the toxins or genes studied from five species, including Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta zagrosensis, Mesobuthus phillipsi, Odontobuthus doriae, and Hemiscorpius lepturus, in the Buthidae and Hemiscorpiidae families. Lastly, we review the diverse functions of typical toxins from the Iranian scorpion species, including their medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Kazemi
- Zagros Herpetological Institute, No 12, Somayyeh 14 Avenue, 3715688415 Qom, Iran.
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344-Marseille Cedex 15, France
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Gómez Rave LJ, Muñoz Bravo AX, Sierra Castrillo J, Román Marín LM, Corredor Pereira C. Scorpion Venom: New Promise in the Treatment of Cancer. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n2.71512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem due to its high worldwide morbimortality. Current treatment protocols do not guarantee complete remission, which has prompted to search for new and more effective antitumoral compounds. Several substances exhibiting cytostatic and cytotoxic effects over cancer cells might contribute to the treatment of this pathology. Some studies indicate the presence of such substances in scorpion venom. In this review, we report characteristics of the principal scorpion venom components found in recent literature and their potential activity against tumor cells. There are different toxin groups present in the venom, and it seems that their mode of actions involves ionic channel blocking, disruption of the cell membrane integrity and damage to internal cell organelles. These properties make good prospects for studies on drugs and adjuvants in cancer treatment.
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Venom from the scorpion Heterometrus liangi inhibits HeLa cell proliferation by inducing p21 expression. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choudhary I, Lee H, Pyo MJ, Heo Y, Chae J, Yum SS, Kang C, Kim E. Proteomic Investigation to Identify Anticancer Targets of Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E194. [PMID: 29748501 PMCID: PMC5983250 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemopilema nomurai is a giant jellyfish that blooms in East Asian seas. Recently, N. nomurai venom (NnV) was characterized from a toxicological and pharmacological point of view. A mild dose of NnV inhibits the growth of various kinds of cancer cells, mainly hepatic cancer cells. The present study aims to identify the potential therapeutic targets and mechanism of NnV in the growth inhibition of cancer cells. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with NnV, and its proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/MS). The quantity of twenty four proteins in NnV-treated HepG2 cells varied compared to non-treated control cells. Among them, the amounts of fourteen proteins decreased and ten proteins showed elevated levels. We also found that the amounts of several cancer biomarkers and oncoproteins, which usually increase in various types of cancer cells, decreased after NnV treatment. The representative proteins included proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elongation factor 1γ (EF1γ), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein (NuSAP), and activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHSA1). Western blotting also confirmed altered levels of PCNA, GRP78, and G6PD in NnV-treated HepG2 cells. In summary, the proteomic approach explains the mode of action of NnV as an anticancer agent. Further characterization of NnV may help to unveil novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Pyo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yunwi Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, Gunpo 15850, Korea.
| | - Seung Shic Yum
- South Sea Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
- Faculty of Marine Environmental Science, University of Science and technology (UST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Khamessi O, Ben Mabrouk H, ElFessi-Magouri R, Kharrat R. RK1, the first very short peptide from Buthus occitanus tunetanus inhibits tumor cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Al-Asmari AK, Riyasdeen A, Abbasmanthiri R, Arshaduddin M, Al-Harthi FA. Scorpion ( Androctonus bicolor) venom exhibits cytotoxicity and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:537-543. [PMID: 27721540 PMCID: PMC5051248 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The defective apoptosis is believed to play a major role in the survival and proliferation of neoplastic cells. Hence, the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is one of the targets for cancer treatment. Researchers are considering scorpion venom as a potent natural source for cancer treatment because it contains many bioactive compounds. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the anticancer property of Androctonus bicolor scorpion venom on cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scorpions were milked by electrical stimulation of telsons and lyophilized. The breast (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (HCT-8) cancer cells were maintained in appropriate condition. The venom cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, and the cellular and nuclear changes were studied with propidium iodide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, respectively. The cell cycle arrest was examined using muse cell analyzer. RESULTS The A. bicolor venom exerted cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cells in a dose- and duration-dependent manner and induced apoptotic cell death. The treatment with this venom arrests the cancer cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS The venom selectively induces the rate of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cells as reflected by morphological and cell cycle studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific evidence demonstrating the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by A. bicolor scorpion venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman K Al-Asmari
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Arshaduddin
- Department of Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ali Al-Harthi
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
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Béchohra L, Laraba-Djebari F, Hammoudi-Triki D. Cytotoxic activity of Androctonus australis hector venom and its toxic fractions on human lung cancer cell line. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:29. [PMID: 27790250 PMCID: PMC5075196 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have showed that animal venoms are a source of bioactive compounds that may inhibit the growth of cancer cells, which makes them useful agents for therapeutic applications. Recently, it was established that venom toxins from scorpions induced cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects on cancer cells. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic activity of Androctonus australis hector (Aah) scorpion venom and its toxic fractions (FtoxG-50 and F3) on NCI-H358 human lung cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities were estimated using MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase release and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase-3 activity. Oxidative stress was analyzed by reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels along with assessment of antioxidant status. In addition, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by JC1 fluorescent dye. Results The present findings showed that F3 fraction was more cytotoxic towards NCI-H358 lung cancer cells with an IC50 of 27.05 ± 0.70 μg/mL than venom alone (396.60 ± 1.33 μg/mL) and its toxic fraction FtoxG-50 (45.86 ± 0.91 μg/mL). Nevertheless, F3 fraction was not cytotoxic at these concentrations on normal human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. Inhibition of NCI-H358 cell proliferation after F3 fraction exposure occurred mainly by apoptosis as evidenced by damaged nuclei, significant DNA fragmentation level and caspase-3 activation in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, F3 fraction enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers and dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential in lung cancer cells along with significant depletion in cellular enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Further, the apoptosis induced by F3 fraction was markedly prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) suggesting the potential mechanism of oxidative stress. Conclusion These findings suggest that F3 fraction could induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells through involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, these properties make F3 fraction a promising candidate for development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Béchohra
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Djelila Hammoudi-Triki
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
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Sarfo-Poku C, Eshun O, Lee KH. Medical application of scorpion venom to breast cancer: A mini-review. Toxicon 2016; 122:109-112. [PMID: 27644898 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. Today, 1 in 8 women born in the United States will have an invasive cancer in their lifetime. Despite significant attempts, the prognosis of metastatic breast cancer still remains poor. This has compelled scientists to look elsewhere for better therapeutic outcomes. Recent advances in venomic studies have demonstrated some promise in cancer-related ailments. Scorpion venom, a complex cocktail of biogenic amines, proteins, peptides, mucoproteins, organic salts and neurotoxins has shown a potential therapeutic application due to its cytotoxic, apoptogenic, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. This communication reviews the effects of scorpion venom components on breast cancer and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sarfo-Poku
- Department of Earth & Biological Sciences, School of Medicine Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| | - Oliver Eshun
- Department of Earth & Biological Sciences, School of Medicine Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Department of Earth & Biological Sciences, School of Medicine Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States
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Salem ML, Shoukry NM, Teleb WK, Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Rahman MA. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi venom in an Ehrlich ascites tumor model. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:570. [PMID: 27247867 PMCID: PMC4864766 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scorpion venom is a highly complex mixture of about 100-700 different components, where peptides are the major constituents with various biological and pharmacological properties including anticancer activities. In this study, anticancer efficacy of the venom of the Egyptian scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi has been evaluated. In vitro, the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line was treated with the venom and the IC50 was estimated. In vivo studies, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were inoculated into CD-1 mice intraperitoneally to form liquid tumor or subcutaneously to form solid tumor and then treated with intraperitoneal injection with venom (0.22 mg/kg) every other day. The total tumor cells in the ascitic fluid and the size of the solid tumor were assessed after 14 and 30 days, respectively. In addition, the mean survival time (MST), body weight, tumor volume, PCV, viability of tumor cells, CBC, AST, ALP, creatinine, oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH, MDA, PCC), tumor marker Ki67, growth factor VEGF and caspase-3 were measured in normal control, EAC control and venom-treated groups (n = 6). Treatment with venom induced anti-tumor effects against liquid and in solid tumors as indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in tumor volume/size, count of viable EAC cells, expression of Ki67 and VEGF as well as by remarkable increases in MST and caspase-3 expression as compared to non-treated group. Interestingly, the venom restored the altered hematological and biochemical parameters of tumor-bearing animals and significantly increased their life span. These data indicate to (1) the cytotoxic potential effects of A. amoreuxi on tumor cells via anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities; (2) opening a new avenue for further studies on the anti-cancer effects of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Salem
- />Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nahla M. Shoukry
- />Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Wafaa K. Teleb
- />Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- />Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
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19
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Chemopreventive effect of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid via modulation of inflammatory markers and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:169-77. [PMID: 27116616 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common lethal diseases worldwide and there is no effective treatment till date. Natural products derived from the plants play an important role in chemoprevention and act as therapeutic antitumor agents. Licorice is a plant that has been used in food and medicine for the treatment of various diseases. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from the roots of licorice plant, is reported to possess various pharmacological properties such as antitumor and antiinflammatory activities. The present study was designed to elucidate the chemopreventive effect of 18β-GA through antiinflammation, antiproliferation, and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. 18β-GA significantly inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 cell without affecting the normal liver cell line (Chang's). In the present study, 18β-GA increased the formation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting the involvement of 18β-GA in apoptosis which was also confirmed by assessing the markers involved in apoptosis like caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved PARP. 18β-GA also downregulated the expression of inflammatory proteins such as NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2. Keeping these data into consideration, our results suggest that 18β-GA may be used as a chemopreventive agent in liver cancer.
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20
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Chen H, Zhidan W, Xia R, Zhaoxia W, Qing J, Qiang G, Haipeng Y, Hengxiao W. Scorpion venom activates natural killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKG2D-MICA pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:307-314. [PMID: 27089390 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that polypeptides extracted from scorpion venom (PESV) inhibited cell proliferation in several tumors, however, the effect on dysfunctional and exhausted natural killer cells which contribute to tumor escape from immune surveillance remain to be elucidated. In this study, we determined the effect of PESV on NK infiltration into H22 cells orthotopic transplantation tumors and on the expression of MHC class I chain-related proteins A (MICA) in HepG2 cells. We found that tumor growth in mice was significantly inhibited by PESV and the survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with PESV was significantly prolonged. Moreover, levels of tumor-infiltrating NK cells, NKG2D protein, perforin and granzyme B mRNA were significantly increased in the group treated with PESV compared with the tumor-bearing control group. In addition, In addition, up-regulation of MICA by PESV enhances the susceptibility of HepG2 cells to NK lysis in vitro. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of PESV on hepatic carcinoma are likely mediated by up-regulation of NK cell activity via the MICA-NKG2D pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Wang Zhidan
- Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ren Xia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Wang Zhaoxia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Jia Qing
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Guo Qiang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yin Haipeng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Wang Hengxiao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China.
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21
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Rajeshkumar RK, Vennila R, Karthikeyan S, Prasad NR, Arumugam M, Velpandian T, Balasubramaniam T. Antiproliferative activity of marine stingray Dasyatis sephen venom on human cervical carcinoma cell line. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:41. [PMID: 26464574 PMCID: PMC4603964 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venoms comprise mixtures of numerous bioactive compounds that have a wide range of pharmacologic actions. Toxins from venomous animals have attracted the attention of researchers because of their affinity for primary sites responsible for lethality and their efficacy at extremely low concentrations. The venoms of marine stingrays have not been extensively studied and limited data is available on them. The present study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative and biochemical properties of the venom obtained from a species of marine stingray (Dasyatis sephen) on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. METHODS The antiproliferative effect of D. sephen venom was determined by MTT assay, and the oxidative stress was determined by lipid peroxidation method along with assessment of changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status. We observed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by DCFH-DA method, mitochondrial membrane potential alterations by rhodamine 123 staining and apoptotic morphological changes by acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining method. RESULTS D. sephen venom enhances lipid peroxidative markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, conjugated diene, and lipid hydroperoxide in HeLa cell lines. Stingray venom enhances the ROS levels, which is evidenced by the increased 2-7-diacetyl dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Further, D. sephen venom treatment altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells. Additionally, we observed increased apoptotic morphological changes in D. sephen venom-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Dasyatis sephen venom exhibits potent antiproliferative effect on HeLa cell line and upon further purification it could be a promising antiproliferative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rajeshkumar
- Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India ; Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Vennila
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karthikeyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Arumugam
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Velpandian
- Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - T Balasubramaniam
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, India
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Saadi S, Assarehzadegan MA, Pipelzadeh MH, Hadaddezfuli R. Induction of IL-12 from human monocytes after stimulation with Androctonus crassicauda scorpion venom. Toxicon 2015; 106:117-21. [PMID: 26415903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of venom from Androctonus crassicauda to induce expression/production of interleukin (IL)-12 by isolated human monocytes. For this purpose, isolated human monocytes were exposed to different concentrations of the venom (0.16-20 μg/ml) for varying periods (6, 12, and 24 h). Apart from measures of venom cytotoxicity (i.e., lactase dehydrogenase activity [LDH] release), measures of IL-12 p40 mRNA (by Real-time PCR) of IL-12 release (by ELISA) were performed. The results showed that the venom produced significant concentration- and duration of incubation-dependent cytotoxicity. Expression of IL-12 p40 mRNA was significantly increased at all exposure timepoints relative to that in unexposed cells, but was maximal after 6 h of exposure. At that timepoint, the effect from a dose of 2.5 μg venom/ml provided the maximal increase among all doses tested. At the level of the protein itself, IL-12 production remained almost consistently elevated (vs. unexposed control values) across all exposure timepoints, with the greatest formation again occurring after 6 h of incubation at a dose of 2.5 μg venom/ml. The findings from this study demonstrated that venom from the A. crassicauda scorpion contained active constituents that could induce a sustained activation of human monocytes that was manifested, in part, as promotion of the expression/production of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samahir Saadi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pipelzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Hadaddezfuli
- Department of Immunology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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23
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Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Plancitoxin I from the venom of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated cytotoxicity in A375.S2 cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:7-15. [PMID: 25952364 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci is a venomous starfish whose venom provokes strong cytotoxicity. In the present study, the purified cytotoxic toxin of A. planci venom (CAV) was identified as plancitoxin I protein by mass spectrum analyses. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity function of plancitoxin I by focusing on the oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in human melanoma A375.S2 cells. The results indicated that after being treated with CAV toxin, A375.S2 cells significantly decreased viability in a dose-dependent manner. The CAV was found to reduce the cellular antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, and there was a significant decrease in total thiol level and mtDNA integrity, and it enhanced the lipid peroxidation. In addition, CAV increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, and enhanced the expression of the ER molecular chaperones GRP78 and CHOP in a dose-dependent manner. CAV significantly elevated the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. The cells exhibited apoptosis were determined by using propidium iodide (PI) staining of DNA fragmentation (sub-G1 peak). In summary, the results demonstrated that plancitoxin I inhibits the proliferation of A375.S2 cells through induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
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24
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Hadaddezfuli R, Khodadadi A, Assarehzadegan MA, Pipelzadeh MH, Saadi S. Hemiscorpius lepturus venom induces expression and production of interluckin-12 in human monocytes. Toxicon 2015; 100:27-31. [PMID: 25912944 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the venom from Hemiscorpius lepturus to induce expression and production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) on isolated human monocytes. For this purpose, isolated human monocytes (250,000-300,000 cells/ml) were exposed to different concentrations of the venom (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) in 96-well plates for varying incubation periods (6, 12, and 24 h). The end point of assessment included LDH cytotoxicity assay, measurement of expression of IL-12,p40 mRNA by real-time PCR, and quantification of IL-12 release using sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed that this venom produced concentration- and time of incubation-dependent cytotoxicity. The level of enhancement of expression and production of IL-12 were found significantly higher with lowest concentration and after 6 h of incubation. The findings demonstrated that the venom from this scorpion contains active constituents which can direct the immune system to produce IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hadaddezfuli
- Toxicology Research Center and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Pipelzadeh
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samahir Saadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Antioxidative and anticancer activities of various ethanolic extract fractions from crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:761-773. [PMID: 25305737 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies currently researching marine invertebrates to determine the therapeutic potential of their bioactive materials have been showing very promising results. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, an Echinodermata of the class Asteroidea, is infamous as the unique venomous starfish and as a destroyer of coral reefs. Starfish possesses many useful pharmacological and biological characteristics. In this study, A. planci was extracted with 70% ethanol and lyophilized to obtain an ethanol fraction. The ethanol fraction was dissolved with water and defatted with petroleum ether to obtain a non-polar fraction. The residual solution was successively partitioned with ethylacetate and butanol to obtain an ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction, respectively. Four fractions were used to examine the antioxidant and anticancer properties. The ethanol fraction of A. planci contained the highest antioxidant effects such as ABTS, DPPH, Fe(2+) chelating activity and reducing power when compared with four fractions. Among the four fractions, the butanol fraction was especially shown to inhibit human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells' proliferation, which is involved in the apoptotic progression. This fraction could induce apoptosis and even necrosis in A375.S2 cells as evidenced by double staining with an Annexin V-FITC and PI assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. These results indicated that the starfish A. planci is a good resource for obtaining the biologically active substances for antioxidant and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
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26
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Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Spine venom of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) induces antiproliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells (A375.S2). Toxicon 2014; 91:126-34. [PMID: 25159188 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is a venomous starfish. In this study, the extraction of A. planci spine venom (ASV) was performed by phosphate saline buffer, followed by assaying the cytotoxicity on human normal and tumor cells. It was found that human melanoma cells (A375.S2) were the most sensitive to the ASV solution. The cells, after incubation with ASV, significantly appeared to decrease cell viability and increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with a dose-dependent relationship. The extract of spine promoted loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induced inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human melanoma cells. The cells exhibited apoptosis by using propidium iodide (PI) staining of DNA fragmentation; it was then determined by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The molecular cytotoxicity of ASV was tested through evaluation of the apoptosis/necrosis ratio by double staining with annexin V and PI assay. The A. planci spine venom showed significant antiproliferation. The human melanoma cells revealed apoptosis at low dose (1.25 μg/ml), and necrosis occurred at high dose (5 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
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27
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Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hwang DF. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the plancitoxin I from the venom of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) on A375.S2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:407-17. [PMID: 25047904 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a cytotoxic toxin derived from the venom of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (CAV). The protein toxin was isolated through both ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrum analyzes. The CAV was identified as plancitoxin I protein. The mechanistic role of the CAV toxin was explored in human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cell death. The results indicated that after incubation with CAV toxin, cells significantly decreased in A375.S2 cell viability and increased in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in a dose-dependent manner. The assays indicated that CAV toxin promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, induced nitric oxide (NO) formation, lost mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induced inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in A375.S2 cells. The molecular cytotoxicity of the CAV toxin was tested through evaluation of the apoptosis/necrosis ratio by double staining with annexin V-FITC and a propidium iodide (PI) assay. The results suggested that CAV toxin induced a cytotoxic effect in A375.S2 cells via the apoptotic procedure, and may be associated with the regulation of the p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan, ROC
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Ding J, Chua PJ, Bay BH, Gopalakrishnakone P. Scorpion venoms as a potential source of novel cancer therapeutic compounds. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:387-93. [PMID: 24599885 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213513991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpions and their venoms have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years in China, India and Africa. The scorpion venom is a highly complex mixture of salts, nucleotides, biogenic amines, enzymes, mucoproteins, as well as peptides and proteins (e.g. neurotoxins). One of the recently observed biological properties of animal venoms and toxins is that they possess anticancer potential. An increasing number of studies have shown that scorpion venoms and toxins can decrease cancer growth, induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer progression and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Several active molecules with anticancer activities, ranging from inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest to induction of apoptosis and decreasing cell migration and invasion, have been isolated from scorpion venoms. These observations have shed light on the application of scorpion venoms and toxins as potential novel cancer therapeutics. This mini-review focuses on the anticancer potential of scorpion venoms and toxins and the possible mechanisms for their antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 597
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29
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Caliskan F, Ergene E, Sogut I, Hatipoglu I, Basalp A, Sivas H, Kanbak G. Biological assays on the effects of Acra3 peptide from Turkish scorpion Androctonus crassicauda venom on a mouse brain tumor cell line (BC3H1) and production of specific monoclonal antibodies. Toxicon 2013; 76:350-61. [PMID: 24055552 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Constitutes of the venom scorpion are a rich source of low molecular mass peptides which are toxic to various organisms, including man. Androctonus crassicauda is one of the scorpions from the Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey with public health importance. This work is focused on the investigation of biological effects of Acra3 peptide from Androctonus crassicauda. For this purpose, Acra3 isolated from crude venoms was tested for its cytotoxicity on BC3H1 mouse brain tumor cells using tetrazolium salt cleavage and lactate dehydrogenase activity assays. To determine whether the cytotoxic effects of Acra3 was related to the induction of apoptosis, the morphology of the cells and the nuclear fragmentation was examined by using Acridin Orange staining and DNA fragmentation assay, respectively. Caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities were measured spectrophotometrically and flow cytometric assay was performed using Annexin-V FITC and Propidium Iodide staining. Furthermore toxic peptide Acra3 was used as an antigen for immunological studies. Results showed that Acra3 exerted very strong cytotoxic effect on BC3H1 cells with an IC50 value of 5 μg/ml. Exposure of the cells to 0.1 and 0.5 μg/ml was resulted in very strong appearance of the apoptotic morphology in a dose dependent manner. On the other side, not any DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment of the cells. Caspase 3 and 9 activities were slightly decreased with Acra3. Results from flow cytometry and lactate dehydrogenase activity assays indicate that Acra3 exerts its effects by inducing a stronger necrosis than apoptosis in BC3H1 cells. To evaluate its immunogenicity, monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for Acra3 antigen (5B9) was developed by hybridoma technology using spleen and lymph nodes of mice and immunoglobulin type of antibody was found to be IgM. We suggest that Acra3 may exert its effects by inducing both necrotic and apoptotic pathway in some way on mouse brain tumor cells. These findings will be useful for understanding the mechanism of cell death caused by venom in vitro. Anti-Acra3 monoclonal antibody can be further used as a bioactive tools for exploring the structure/function relationship and the pharmacological mechanism of scorpion peptide neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Caliskan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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Contreras-Ortiz JME, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Martínez-Castañeda JS, Estrada-Franco JG, Aparicio-Burgos JE, Acosta-Dibarrat J, Barbabosa-Pliego A. Resistance of cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) to venom from the scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19:20. [PMID: 24004568 PMCID: PMC3844314 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The venom of Centruroides limpidus limpidus (Cll) is a mixture of pharmacologically active principles. The most important of these are toxic proteins that interact both selectively and specifically with different cellular targets such as ion channels. Recently, anticancer properties of the venom from other scorpion species have been described. Studies in vitro have shown that scorpion venom induces cell death, inhibits proliferation and triggers the apoptotic pathway in different cancer cell lines. Herein, after treating human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells with Cll crude venom, their cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction were assessed. RESULTS Cll crude venom induced cell death in normal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. However, through viability assays, HeLa cells showed high survival rates after exposure to Cll venom. Also, Cll venom did not induce apoptosis after performing ethidium bromide/acridine orange assays, nor was there any evidence of chromatin condensation or DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS Crude Cll venom exposure was not detrimental to HeLa cell cultures. This may be partially attributable to the absence of specific HeLa cell membrane targets for molecules present in the venom of Centruroides limpidus limpidus. Although these results might discourage additional studies exploring the potential of Cll venom to treat human papilloma cervical cancer, further research is required to explore positive effects of crude Cll venom on other cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Eloy Contreras-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - José Simón Martínez-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - José Guillermo Estrada-Franco
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - José Esteban Aparicio-Burgos
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, km 15.5, código postal 50200, Toluca, México
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Fan Y, Mao R, Yang J. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways collaboratively link inflammation to cancer. Protein Cell 2013; 4:176-85. [PMID: 23483479 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-2084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although links between cancer and inflammation were firstly proposed in the nineteenth century, the molecular mechanism has not yet been clearly understood. Epidemiological studies have identified chronic infections and inflammation as major risk factors for various types of cancer. NF-κB transcription factors and the signaling pathways are central coordinators in innate and adaptive immune responses. STAT3 regulates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cellular stimuli, and thus plays a key role in cell growth and apoptosis. Recently, roles of NF-κB and STAT3 in colon, gastric and liver cancers have been extensively investigated. The activation and interaction between STAT3 and NF-κB play vital roles in control of the communication between cancer cells and inflammatory cells. NF-κB and STAT3 are two major factors controlling the ability of pre-neoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis-based tumor-surveillance and regulating tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NF-κB and STAT3 cooperation in cancer will offer opportunities for the design of new chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Fan
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Song X, Zhang G, Sun A, Guo J, Tian Z, Wang H, Liu Y. Scorpion venom component III inhibits cell proliferation by modulating NF-κB activation in human leukemia cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:146-150. [PMID: 23060939 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion venom contains various groups of compounds that exhibit anticancer activity against a variety of malignancies through a poorly understood mechanism. While the aberrant activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has been linked with hematopoietic malignancies, we hypothesized that scorpion venom mediates its effects by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the present study, we examined the effects of scorpion venom component III (SVCIII) on the human leukemia cell lines THP-1 and Jurkat and focused on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results showed that SVCIII inhibited cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 and Jurkat cells. SVCIII also suppressed the constitutive NF-κB activation through inhibition of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. NF-κB luciferase reporter activity was also inhibited by SVCIII. Our data suggest that SVCIII, a natural compound, may exert its antiproliferative effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and, thus, has potential use in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, alone or in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; ; Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
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Zargan J, Umar S, Sajad M, Naime M, Ali S, Khan HA. Scorpion venom (Odontobuthus doriae) induces apoptosis by depolarization of mitochondria and reduces S-phase population in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1748-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda) venom limits growth of transformed cells (SH-SY5Y and MCF-7) by cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:447-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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