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Guerrero-Muñoz J, Medina L, Castillo C, Liempi A, Fernández-Moya A, Araneda S, Ortega Y, Rojas-Pirela M, Maya JD, Kemmerling U. MicroRNA-512-3p mediates Trypanosoma cruzi-induced apoptosis during ex vivo infection of human placental explants. Placenta 2023; 143:117-123. [PMID: 37898020 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upon infection, Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite, crosses the placental barrier and causes congenital Chagas disease. Ex vivo infection of human placental explants (HPEs) with the parasite induces apoptotic cell death. This cellular process involves changes in gene expression, which are partially regulated by miRNAs. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-512-3p, a highly expressed miRNA in the placenta, in parasite-induced apoptosis. METHODS HPE cells were transfected with antagomirs or mimics of miR-512-3p and subsequently challenged with the parasite. The expression levels of miR-512-3p, caspase 3, caspase 8, and Livin were measured using RT-qPCR, and apoptotic cell death was analyzed based on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation assays. RESULTS Targeted inhibition of miR-512-3p effectively prevented parasite-induced expression and enzymatic activity of caspase 3 and caspase 8. However, it did not completely prevent DNA fragmentation, indicating the involvement of other factors in this process. Furthermore, the findings suggest that Livin may be regulated by miR-512-3p. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that miR-512-3p modulates parasite-induced apoptosis in the trophoblast. By understanding the mechanisms involved in this process, we can gain insights into the pathogenesis of congenital Chagas disease and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guerrero-Muñoz
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisvaneth Medina
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Castillo
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Núcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile
| | - Ana Liempi
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Moya
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Araneda
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Patología y Medicina oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yessica Ortega
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Programa de Biología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ye Z, Pan J, Yin Z, Wang S, Li Y, Cai X, Zheng H, Cao Z. Dendritic cells infected with recombinant adenoviral vector encoding mouse fibroblast activation protein-α and human livin α exert an antitumor effect against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1011. [PMID: 37773704 PMCID: PMC10523997 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) and livin α are considered as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-specific targets, respectively, for immunogenic tumor vaccines. This study is designed to decipher the antitumor effect of double-gene modified dendritic cells (DCs) on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). METHODS By encoding mouse FAP cDNA and human livin α (i.e., hlivin α) cDNA into recombinant adenoviral vector (rAd), rAd-FAP, rAd-hlivin α, and rAd-FAP/hlivin α were constructed, which were then transduced into mouse DCs. LLC-bearinig mice were immunized with the infected DCs (5 × 105 cells/mouse), followed by calculation of tumor volume and survival rate. The identification of CAFs from mouse LLC as well as the determination on expressions of FAP and livin α, was accomplished by western blot. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay was harnessed to assess the effect of the infected DCs on inducing splenic lymphocytes to lyse CAFs. RESULTS DCs were successfully transduced with rAd-FAP/hlivin α in vitro. FAP was highly expressed in CAFs. CAFs were positive for α-SMA and negative for CD45 and CD31. Livin α level was upregulated in mouse LLC. Immunization with rAd-FAP/hlivin α-transduced DCs suppressed LLC volume and improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunization with rAd-FAP/hlivin α-transduced DCs enhanced the cytotoxic effect of splenic lymphocytes on LLC tumor-derived CAFs. CONCLUSION Injection with rAd-FAP/hlivin α-transduced DCs promotes immune-enhanced tumor microenvironment by decreasing CAFs and suppresses tumor growth in LLC mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiting Ye
- Department of RadiologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Department of MedicineLishui People's HospitalLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Department of RespiratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityLishuiZhejiangChina
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Wolf P. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins as therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124600. [PMID: 36845731 PMCID: PMC9950391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) contribute to this hallmark by suppressing the induction of cell death. IAPs were found to be overexpressed in cancerous tissues and to contribute to therapeutic resistance. The present review focuses on the IAP members cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, Survivin and Livin and their importance as potential therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Philipp Wolf,
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Role of Caspase Family in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Its Therapeutic Prospects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081074. [PMID: 36008968 PMCID: PMC9406018 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common musculoskeletal degenerative disease worldwide, of which the main clinical manifestation is low back pain (LBP); approximately, 80% of people suffer from it in their lifetime. Currently, the pathogenesis of IVDD is unclear, and modern treatments can only alleviate its symptoms but cannot inhibit or reverse its progression. However, in recent years, targeted therapy has led to new therapeutic strategies. Cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzymes (caspases) are a family of proteases present in the cytoplasm. They are evolutionarily conserved and are involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptotic death of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, it has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, mainly by regulating cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. With continuous research on the pathogenesis and pathological process of IVDD, an increasing number of studies have shown that caspases are closely related to the IVDD process, especially in the intervertebral disc (IVD) cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Therefore, herein we study the role of caspases in IVDD with respect to the structure of caspases and the related signaling pathways involved. This would help explore the strategy of regulating the activity of the caspases involved and develop caspase inhibitors to prevent and treat IVDD. The aim of this review was to identify the caspases involved in IVDD which could be potential targets for the treatment of IVDD.
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Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated Inhibition of Livin Expression Accelerates Ovarian Cancer Cell Apoptosis. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:7624346. [PMID: 34949962 PMCID: PMC8677365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7624346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique has recently been developed as a nonviral delivery of gene therapy. This study aimed at investigating the survival and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell line OVCA-433 by inhibiting Livin expression through ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction. Methods We synthesized a targeted microbubble agent for UTMD-mediated shRNA against Livin gene in human ovarian cancer OVCA-433 cells. Lipid microbubbles were conjugated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) by an avidin-biotin linkage to target the ovarian cancer OVCA-433 cells expressing LHRH receptors. The microbubbles were mixed with the recombinant plasmid harboring shRNA-Livin. shRNA-Livin was transfected into OVCA-433 cells upon exposure to 1 MHz pulsed ultrasound beam (0.5 W/cm2) for 8 s. Cell survival was measured by the MTT assay, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry using annexin V/PI double staining, and cell ultrastructure by using the transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results UTMD-mediated delivery of shRNA-Livin remarkably reduced the survival of OVCA-433 cells but promoted the apoptosis compared with shRNA-Livin alone, shRNA-Livin plus nontargeted microbubbles, and shRNA-Livin plus LHRHa-conjugated microbubbles containing shRNA-Livin with or without exposure to ultrasound pulses. It was also found that UTMD-mediated delivery of shRNA-Livin notably declined the mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in OVCA-433 cells compared with shRNA-Livin alone, shRNA-Livin plus nontargeted microbubbles, and shRNA-Livin plus LHRHa-conjugated microbubbles containing shRNA-Livin with or without exposure to ultrasound pulses. Conclusion Our experiment verifies the hypothesis that ultrasound mediation of targeted microbubbles can enhance the transfection efficiency of shRNA-Livin in ovarian cancer cells.
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Wang L, Tang L, Xu R, Ma J, Tian K, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wu Z, Zhu X. DEPDC1B regulates the progression of human chordoma through UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination of BIRC5. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:753. [PMID: 34330893 PMCID: PMC8324777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone malignancy with a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Although DEP domain-containing protein 1B (DEPDC1B) is implicated in a variety of malignancies, its relationship with chordoma is unclear. In this study, the biological role and molecular mechanism of DEPDC1B in chordoma were explored. The function of DEPDC1B in chordoma cells was clarified through loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, molecular mechanism of DEPDC1B in chordoma cells was recognized by RNA sequencing and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. The malignant behaviors of DEPDC1B knockdown chordoma cells was significantly inhibited, which was characterized by reduced proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and hindered migration. Consistently, decreased expression of DEPDC1B suppressed tumor growth in xenograft mice. Mechanically, DEPDC1B affected the ubiquitination of baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) through ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T). Simultaneous downregulation of BIRC5 and DEPDC1B may exacerbate the inhibitory effects of chordoma. Moreover, BIRC5 overexpression reduced the inhibitory effects of DEPDC1B knockdown in chordoma cells. In conclusion, DEPDC1B regulates the progression of human chordoma through UBE2T-mediated ubiquitination of BIRC5, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate target with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Kaibing Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yanghu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target genes and molecular pathways in glioblastoma therapy: Current status with an emphasis on delivery systems. Life Sci 2021; 275:119368. [PMID: 33741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the worst brain tumors arising from glial cells, causing many deaths annually. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are used for GBM treatment. However, GBM is still an incurable disease, and new approaches are required for its successful treatment. Because mutations and amplifications occurring in several genes are responsible for the progression and aggressive behavior of GBM cells, genetic approaches are of great importance in its treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new emerging tool to silence the genes responsible for disease progression, particularly cancer. SiRNA can be used for GBM treatment by down-regulating genes such as VEGF, STAT3, ELTD1 or EGFR. Furthermore, the use of siRNA can promote the chemosensitivity of GBM cells. However, the efficiency of siRNA in GBM is limited via its degradation by enzymes, and its off-targeting effects. SiRNA-loaded carriers, especially nanovehicles that are ligand-functionalized by CXCR4 or angiopep-2, can be used for the protection and targeted delivery of siRNA. Nanostructures can provide a platform for co-delivery of siRNA plus anti-tumor drugs as another benefit. The prepared nanovehicles should be stable and biocompatible in order to be tested in human studies.
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Jin Q, Lin C, Zhu X, Cao Y, Guo C, Wang L. 125I seeds irradiation inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis by Ki-67, P21, survivin, livin and caspase-9 expression in lung carcinoma xenografts. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:238. [PMID: 33059701 PMCID: PMC7559445 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a fatal disease and a serious health problem worldwide. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the effectiveness of chemotherapy for such patients is very limited. Iodine 125 seed (125I) irradiation can be used as an important adjuvant treatment for lung carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of irradiation by 125I seeds in human lung cancer xenograft model and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved, with a focus on apoptosis. METHODS 40 mice with A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 10), sham seed (0 mCi) implant group (n = 10), 125I seed (0.6 mCi) implant group (n = 10) and 125I seed (0.8 mCi) implant group (n = 10), respectively. The body weight and tumor volume, were recorded every 4 days until the end of the study. Apoptotic cells were checked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 enzyme were tested. Expression of P21, survivin, livin, caspase-9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) was detected with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The results of TUNEL staining assays showed that 125I seed irradiation suppresses the growth of lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and induced apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was significantly higher. The expression levels Ki67, survivin and livin were substantially downregulated, while P21 and caspase-9 protein expression were significantly increased following 125I seed irradiation. This study revealed that 125I seed irradiation could significantly change apoptosis-related protein in human lung cancer xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates that radiation exposure by 125I seeds could be a new treatment option for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 903th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiwei Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caihong Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Jebelli A, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Tayebi L. Recent developments in targeting genes and pathways by RNAi-based approaches in colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:395-434. [PMID: 32990372 DOI: 10.1002/med.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A wide spectrum of genetic and epigenetic variations together with environmental factors has made colorectal cancer (CRC), which involves the colon and rectum, a challenging and heterogeneous cancer. CRC cannot be effectively overcomed by common conventional therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone replacement which highlights the need for a rational design of novel anticancer therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA interference (RNAi) could be an important avenue to generate great therapeutic efficacy for CRC by targeting genes that are responsible for the viability, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of CRC cells. In this review, we underline the documented benefits of small interfering RNAs and short hairpin RNAs to target genes and signaling pathways related to CRC tumorigenesis. We address the synergistic effects of RNAi-mediated gene knockdown and inhibitors/chemotherapy agents to increase the sensitivity of CRC cells to common therapies. Finally, this review points new delivery systems/materials for improving the cellular uptake efficiency and reducing off-target effects of RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Jebelli
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Basic Science, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Ma F, Gu X, Liu JQ, Mo LH, Yang G, Geng XR, Liu ZQ, Liu ZG, Yang PC. Inhibition of livin overcomes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229272. [PMID: 32119704 PMCID: PMC7051067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Radiotherapy is one of the major remedies for the treatment of cancer, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Radioresistance occurs very often in target cells that is a large drawback in cancer treated with radiotherapy. Livin involves the over-growth of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the role of livin in the radioresistance formation in NPC cells. Methods NPC cell lines were exposed to small doses of irradiation to establish a cell model of radioresistance, in which the role of livin in the development of radioresistance was evaluated. Results The expression of livin was observed in NPC cells, which was significantly increased after exposing to small doses of irradiation. A negative correlation was detected between livin and Fas expression in NPC cells. Livin formed a complex with heat shock factor-1 (HSF1, the transcription factor of Fas) in NPC cells after irradiation, which sped up ubiquitination of HSF1. Livin was involved in suppressing Fas expression in NPC cells with radioresistance. Exposure to livin inhibitors prevented radioresistance development and overcame the established radioresistance in NPC cells. Conclusions Livin expression in NPC cells plays a critical role in the development of radioresistance. Depletion of livin increases the sensitiveness of NPC cells to irradiation. Target therapy against livin may have the translational potential for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Respirology, Affiliated Hospital of Xinan Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Qi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Geng
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (PCY); (ZGL)
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (PCY); (ZGL)
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Wu SQ, Xu QB, Sheng WY, Su LY, Zhu LW. A novel role for Livin in the response to ultraviolet B radiation and pterygium development. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1103-1111. [PMID: 32124942 PMCID: PMC7053875 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A pterygium is an inflammatory, invasive and proliferative lesion on the ocular surface, which can decrease visual acuity, damage the ocular surface and affect the appearance of the eye. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, the role of apoptosis-associated protein Livin in the occurrence and development of pterygium was investigated. Primary samples from quiescent or advanced clinical stages of pterygium and normal human conjunctival tissues were used to assess mRNA and protein expression levels of Livin using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Livin was knocked down in pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) using small interfering RNA (siRNA), to investigate the role of Livin in PEC viability, migration, invasion ability and apoptosis. The cell viability, invasion ability and apoptosis of PECs following ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation alone or in combination with Livin silencing were also analyzed. Expression levels of Livin increased in the pterygium tissues compared with those in the normal conjunctiva at both the mRNA and protein levels. Livin expression levels in advanced pterygium were significantly higher compared with those in quiescent pterygium samples. Knockdown of Livin expression levels significantly reduced cell migration, invasion ability and cell viability, and induced apoptosis of PECs. Inhibition of Livin expression in PECs increased the expression levels of caspase-7, caspase-3 and E-cadherin, whereas expression levels of Snail were downregulated. Cell viability and invasion ability in PECs was enhanced following UVB radiation and Livin expression upregulated. UVB irradiation induced cell invasion ability of PECs and this was attenuated by Livin-silencing. Transfection with Livin siRNA also partially recovered the apoptosis rate of PECs, which was reduced by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, Livin was upregulated in pterygium, and UVB radiation functions in the development of pterygium by inducing Livin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital (Hangzhou Red‑Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Bin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital (Hangzhou Red‑Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital (Hangzhou Red‑Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Ya Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital (Hangzhou Red‑Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital (Hangzhou Red‑Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Graner AN, Hellwinkel JE, Lencioni AM, Madsen HJ, Harland TA, Marchando P, Nguyen GJ, Wang M, Russell LM, Bemis LT, Anchordoquy TJ, Graner MW. HSP90 inhibitors in the context of heat shock and the unfolded protein response: effects on a primary canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 33:303-317. [PMID: 27829290 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1256503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agents targeting HSP90 and GRP94 are seldom tested in stressed contexts such as heat shock (HS) or the unfolded protein response (UPR). Tumor stress often activates HSPs and the UPR as pro-survival mechanisms. This begs the question of stress effects on chemotherapeutic efficacy, particularly with drugs targeting chaperones such as HSP90 or GRP94. We tested the utility of several HSP90 inhibitors, including PU-H71 (targeting GRP94), on a primary canine lung cancer line under HS/UPR stress compared to control conditions. METHODS We cultured canine bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma cells that showed high endogenous HSP90 and GRP94 expression; these levels substantially increased upon HS or UPR induction. We treated cells with HSP90 inhibitors 17-DMAG, 17-AAG or PU-H71 under standard conditions, HS or UPR. Cell viability/survival was assayed. Antibody arrays measured intracellular signalling and apoptosis profiles. RESULTS HS and UPR had varying effects on cells treated with different HSP90 inhibitors; in particular, HS and UPR promoted resistance to inhibitors in short-term assays, but combinations of UPR stress and PU-H571 showed potent cytotoxic activity in longer-term assays. Array data indicated altered signalling pathways, with apoptotic and pro-survival implications. UPR induction + dual targeting of HSP90 and GRP94 swayed the balance toward apoptosis. CONCLUSION Cellular stresses, endemic to tumors, or interventionally inducible, can deflect or enhance chemo-efficacy, particularly with chaperone-targeting drugs. Stress is likely not held accountable when testing new pharmacologics or assessing currently-used drugs. A better understanding of stress impacts on drug activities should be critical in improving therapeutic targeting and in discerning mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin N Graner
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Justin E Hellwinkel
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,b School of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Alex M Lencioni
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,c University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Helen J Madsen
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,b School of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Tessa A Harland
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA.,b School of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Paul Marchando
- d Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Ger J Nguyen
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Mary Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Laura M Russell
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Lynne T Bemis
- e Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Minnesota , Duluth , MN , USA
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- f Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
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Silencing Livin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death, increasing chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin of renal carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15133-15143. [PMID: 27677286 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3 % of all adult malignancies and is the most lethal urological cancer. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, which is associated with tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Clinical data also showed that patients with high tumor grades and stages have higher expression levels of Livin in RCC cells. Autophagy is a survival mechanism activated in response to nutrient deprivation. A possible role of Livin in the autophagy of RCC cells has not been investigated; therefore, this pioneer study was carried out. Livin was silenced in RCC cells (slow virus infection [SVI]-shLivin cells) by lentiviral transfection. Then, mRNA and protein expression levels in the transfected cells were assessed by quantitative fluorescence PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, acridine orange staining and electron microscopy were used to assess autophagy in SVI-shLivin cells. The cisplatin IC50 values for RCC cells were measured by the CCK8 assay. Potent antitumor activities were observed in xenograft mouse models generated with Livin-silenced RCC cells in terms of delayed tumor onset and suppressed tumor growth. These results suggested that Livin silencing could increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of RCC cells to cisplatin and induce autophagic cell death. A possible mechanism of Bcl-2 and Akt pathway involvement was discussed specifically in this study. Overall, Livin silencing induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death and increases chemotherapeutic sensitivity of RCC cells to cisplatin.
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Yin L, Liu S, Li C, Ding S, Bi D, Niu Z, Han L, Li W, Gao D, Liu Z, Lu J. CYLD downregulates Livin and synergistically improves gemcitabine chemosensitivity and decreases migratory/invasive potential in bladder cancer: the effect is autophagy-associated. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12731-12742. [PMID: 27448305 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although GC (gemcitabine and cisplatin) chemotherapy remains an effective method for treating bladder cancer (BCa), chemoresistance is a major obstacle in chemotherapy. In this study, we determined whether gemcitabine resistance correlates with migratory/invasive potential in BCa and whether this relationship is regulated by the cylindromatosis (CYLD)-Livin module. First, we independently investigated the correlation of CYLD/Livin and gemcitabine resistance with the potential for tumor migration and invasiveness. Second, we found that co-transfected CYLD and Livin dramatically improved sensitivity to gemcitabine chemotherapy and decreased migration/invasion potential. Next, we determined that CYLD may regulate Livin by the NF-κB-dependent pathway. We also found that CYLD overexpression and Livin knockdown might improve gemcitabine chemosensitivity by decreasing autophagy and increasing apoptosis in BCa cells. Finally, the effects of CYLD-Livin on tumor growth in vivo were evaluated. Our study demonstrates that CYLD-Livin might represent a potential therapeutic for chemoresistant BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chensheng Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Dongbin Bi
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Dexuan Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road, No 324, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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15
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Prognostic significance of Livin expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Cancer Radiother 2016; 20:384-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Salehi M, Ziaei A, Tanhaei A, Chaleshtori AS, Mazrouei S, Kharaji M, Keyhanian K. Livin expression by semi-quantitative immunofluorescent staining in Hodgkin lymphoma: A promising marker or a leading role in pathogenesis? ONCOBIOLOGY AND TARGETS 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2395-4469.177565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE A distinct subset of genes, so-called "late fiber genes," is expressed in cells bordering the central, organelle-free zone (OFZ) of the lens. The purpose of this study was to identify additional members of this group. METHODS Fiber cells were harvested from various layers of the lens by laser micro-dissection and subjected to microarray, in situ hybridization, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Expression of Livin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family encoded by Birc7, was strongly upregulated in deep cortical fiber cells. The depth-dependent distribution of Livin mRNA was confirmed by quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. The onset of Livin expression coincided with loss of organelles from primary fiber cells. Livin expression peaked at 1 month but was sustained even in aged lenses. Antibodies raised against mouse Livin labeled multiple bands on immunoblots, reflecting progressive proteolysis of the parent molecule during differentiation. Mice harboring a floxed Birc7 allele were generated and used to conditionally delete Birc7 in lens. Lenses from knockout mice grew normally and retained their transparency, suggesting that Livin does not have an indispensable role in fiber cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Birc7 is a late fiber gene of the mouse lens. In tumor cells, Livin acts as an antiapoptotic protein, but its function in the lens is enigmatic. Livin is a RING domain protein with putative E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Its expression in cells bordering the OFZ is consistent with a role in organelle degradation, a process in which the ubiquitin proteasome pathway has been implicated previously.
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Gayyed MF, Tawfiek ER. Utility of SOX2 and Livin Co-Expression in the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer With Bilharzial and Non-Bilharzial Bladder Status. World J Oncol 2015; 6:446-455. [PMID: 28983346 PMCID: PMC5624670 DOI: 10.14740/wjon942w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SOX2, a key transcription factor and livin, an apoptotic inhibitor in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Moreover, their prognostic significance was assessed. METHODS The expressions of SOX2 and livin in 82 TCC and 35 SCC cases were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SOX2 and livin were over-expressed in tumor tissues as compared to the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. SOX2 and livin expressions were significantly associated with high tumor grade (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively) and high tumor stage (P = 0.027 and P = 0.033, respectively). No significant correlation was found between tumor and other clinicopathological factors such as age, gender and schistosomal status. Univariate analysis revealed that TCC and SCC patients with high SOX2 or livin expressions were significantly related to overall survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.025 for TCC patients and P = 0.041, P = 0.021 for SCC patients, respectively). Multivariate survival analysis further demonstrated that SOX2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for TCC patients (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS SOX2 and livin may contribute to the progression of bladder carcinoma. SOX2/livin pathway regulates cancer stem cell survival so it could be targeting as an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab Rifat Tawfiek
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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19
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Liu Y, Guo Q, Zhang H, Li GH, Feng S, Yu XZ, Kong LS, Zhao L, Jin F. Effect of siRNA-Livin on drug resistance to chemotherapy in glioma U251 cells and CD133 + stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1317-1323. [PMID: 26622485 PMCID: PMC4578066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of siRNA-Livin on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) genes in a U251 cell line and U251 stem cells. CD133+ cancer stem cells were identified and isolated from the U251 glioblastoma cells, and morphological observations were used to detect the cell survival conditions. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Livin, MRP1 and MRP3. Following transfection with the lentivirus containing the siRNA-Livin, the expression of Livin was significantly inhibited in the U251 cells and stem cells (P<0.01). Following temozolomide intervention, the proliferation of the U251 cells and U251 stem cells was restrained, with a lot of cell debris present and the structure of the cell spheres destroyed. The inhibitory effect was more significant following transfection with siRNA-Livin. Prior to siRNA-Livin transfection, the expression of MRP1 presented an increasing trend in the U251 cells and U251 stem cells with increasing drug concentrations and intervention times (P<0.05). Following siRNA-Livin transfection, the expression of MRP1 decreased in the U251 cells and U251 stem cells under the same drug concentration and intervention time (P<0.05), while the expression of MRP3 increased in the U251 stem cells under the same intervention concentration and time (P<0.05). Therefore, siRNA-Livin was shown to decrease the expression of MRP1 in U251 cells and U251 stem cells, increase the expression of MRP3 in U251 stem cells and decrease the proliferation of U251 cells and U251 stem cells. Thus, Livin may be associated with the high expression of MRP1, and siRNA-Livin may be used to lower the expression of MRP1 in order to reduce the drug resistance to chemotherapy in cases of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Song Feng
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Sheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Xie J, Guo X, Liu F, Luo J, Duan F, Tao X. In vitro antitumor immune response induced by dendritic cells transduced with human livin α recombinant adenovirus. Cell Immunol 2015; 297:46-52. [PMID: 26140980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transduction with recombinant, replication-defective adenoviral (rAd) vectors encoding a transgene is an efficient method for gene transfer into human dendritic cells (DCs). Livin is a good candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it is overexpressed in most common human cancers, poorly expressed in most normal adult tissues. Two splicing variants of livin, designated livin α and livin β, have been identified. In this study, we used human livin α recombinant adenovirus (rAd-hlivin α) to transduced DCs. We found that DCs transduced with rAd-hlivin α (rAd-hlivin α DCs) could effectively induce human livin α specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro against various tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaonan Tao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Cho SB, Lee WS, Park YL, Kim N, Oh HH, Kim MY, Oak CY, Chung CY, Park HC, Kim JS, Myung DS, Kim SH, Lee KH, Choi SK, Joo YE. Livin is associated with the invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:448-57. [PMID: 24934632 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Livin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, is expressed in variable cancers, and its expression is considered a poor prognostic marker. The aims of this study were to observe the effect of Livin on the behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to evaluate its expression in HCC tissues and its relation to prognosis. METHODS The biological effects of Livin on tumor cell behavior were investigated using siRNA in HepG2 and Chang cells. Migration, invasion and proliferation assays were performed. Flow cytometric analyses and western blotting were used to evaluate the impact of Livin on apoptosis and the cell cycle. In addition, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate Livin expression in HCC tissues. RESULTS Livin knockdown suppressed tumor cell migration, invasion and proliferation in HCC cells, and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells as compared with scrambled siRNA-transfected HCC cells. Furthermore, Livin knockdown resulted in the activation of caspases and increased apoptosis. In addition, Livin knockdown modulated cell cycle regulatory protein levels such as decrease of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) level, and increase of CDK inhibitor (CDKI) level in HCC cells. The Livin protein level was significantly elevated in HCC tissues as compared with normal hepatic tissues. However, Livin expression was not found to be associated with clinicopathological parameters, which included patient survival. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Livin is associated with invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Li G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Kong L, Guo Q, Jin F. Effect of temozolomide on livin and caspase-3 in U251 glioma stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:744-750. [PMID: 25667622 PMCID: PMC4316973 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) on the antiapoptotic gene livin and the associated gene caspase-3. Cancer stem cells were isolated from U251 glioblastoma cells using immunomagnetic beads. The glioma cells and glioma stem cells were transfected with livin or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against livin using lentiviral vectors. Quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and a Cell Counting kit-8 assay were used to detect the expression of livin and caspase-3, analyze the cell cycle and investigate cell proliferation, respectively, following treatment with various concentrations of TMZ (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μmol/l) for different periods of time (24, 48 and 72 h). The expression levels of livin and caspase-3 in the U251 stem cells were significantly higher than those in the U251 cells (P<0.01). At the same intervention time, the expression levels of livin decreased and those of caspase-3 increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of livin and caspase-3 in the U251 cells were lower than those in the U251 stem cells with the same intervention time and concentration of TMZ (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase in the U251 cells following TMZ intervention; the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). The U251 stem cells were arrested in the S phase following treatment with TMZ; the proportion of cells in the S phase increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression levels of livin and caspase-3 were effectively inhibited and increased, respectively, in all cell models following treatment with TMZ. TMZ is able to arrest the cell cycle and enhance cell apoptosis. U251 stem cells are less vulnerable than U251 cells to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhua Li
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lingsheng Kong
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Hsieh CH, Lin YJ, Wu CP, Lee HT, Shyu WC, Wang CC. Livin contributes to tumor hypoxia-induced resistance to cytotoxic therapies in glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:460-70. [PMID: 25370472 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor hypoxia is one of the crucial microenvironments to promote therapy resistance (TR) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Livin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, contributes antiapoptosis. However, the role of tumor hypoxia in Livin regulation and its impact on TR are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Livin expression and apoptosis for tumor hypoxic cells derived from human glioblastoma xenografts or in vitro hypoxic stress-treated glioblastoma cells were determined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence imaging, and annexin V staining assay. The mechanism of hypoxia-induced Livin induction was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and reporter assay. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of Livin was utilized to investigate the role of Livin on tumor hypoxia-induced TR in vitro or in vivo. RESULTS The upregulation of Livin expression and downregulation of caspase activity were observed under cycling and chronic hypoxia in glioblastoma cells and xenografts, concomitant with increased TR to ionizing radiation and temozolomide. However, knockdown of Livin inhibited these effects. Moreover, hypoxia activated Livin transcription through the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to the Livin promoter. The targeted inhibition of Livin by the cell-permeable peptide (TAT-Lp15) in intracerebral glioblastoma-bearing mice demonstrated a synergistic suppression of tumor growth and increased the survival rate in standard-of-care treatment with radiation plus temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a novel pathway that links upregulation of Livin to tumor hypoxia-induced TR in GBM and suggest that targeting Livin using cell-permeable peptide may be an effective therapeutic strategy for tumor microenvironment-induced TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Zhou B, Zhang WY, Guan JT, Wang R, Yang L, Xia QJ, Zhou ZG, Sun XF. Expression of the apoptosis inhibitor livin in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: correlations with pathology and outcome. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11791-8. [PMID: 25339450 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis family member livin is expressed in several types of cancer but not in most benign tissues, and it has been considered to be a poor prognostic mark in various malignancies. However, livin expression and its prognostic relevance have not been evaluated in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In this study, we analyzed the difference of livin expression among normal mucosa, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma and investigated the relationship of livin expression in carcinomas with clinicopathological variables using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. We observed that the expression of livin protein was mainly present on base of colorectal crypts in adenoma and throughout the epithelium in carcinoma, whereas did not present in accompanying normal mucosa, and the expression of livin messenger RNA (mRNA) in adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than in adenomas and in normal mucosa (P = 0.001, respectively), whereas, compared with normal mucosa, the expression level of livin mRNA was up-regulated in adenomas but no significant difference (P = 0.196). We also found that the expression levels of livin mRNA in rectal cancer was significantly higher than those in colonic cancer, and livin mRNA expression was strongly related to colorectal cancer invasive depth but not to clinical tumor stage, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor morphological category and pathological type, and patient's age and gender. These findings support the possibility that the livin gene may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis, and increased expression of livin mRNA may serve as a new target for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China,
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Lee DH, Yoon TM, Kim SA, Park YL, Lee KH, Lim SC, Lee JK, Joο YE. Relationship between expression of Livin and the biological behavior of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2453-60. [PMID: 25242075 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Livin is one of the most important members of the inhibitor protein (IAP) family. It is overexpressed in several types of tumors and may have prognostic significance. The purpose of this study was to investigate Livin expression in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to determine whether Livin affects tumor cell behavior in OSCC cell lines and thus evaluate its potential usefulness in serving as a possible target for molecular-targeted therapy in a preclinical model. The expression of Livin protein was investigated in human OSCC tissues through immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. To evaluate the impact of Livin knockdown on the behavior of human OSCC cell lines, invasion, migration, proliferation and apoptosis assays using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) were performed. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to assess alteration of Livin expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The results revealed that expression of Livin was increased in the human OSCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. In addition, immunoreactivity of Livin was expressed in 8 OSCC tissues (44.4%). Knockdown of Livin resulted in significantly reduced cell invasion, migration and proliferation in the human OSCC cells. Livin knockdown induced cell apoptosis in the human OSCC cells. Moreover, Livin inhibited apoptosis by suppressing the activity of caspases in the human OSCC cells. In conclusion, livin is associated with invasive and oncogenic phenotypes such as tumor cell invasion, tumor cell migration, tumor cell proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis in human OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Mi Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kyoo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Joο
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
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Lin H, Lin D, Xiong X. Differential expression of Livin, caspase-3, and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:1067-72. [PMID: 25238746 DOI: 10.1177/0194599814551142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of human chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains undetermined. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis protein family proteins. Caspase-3 and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) are critical in the induction of apoptosis. However, little is known about their roles in CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the expression and role of Livin, caspase-3, and Smac in CRSwNP. STUDY DESIGN Basic research and descriptive study. SETTING Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. METHODS The immunohistochemistry method was employed for detecting Livin, caspase-3, and Smac protein expression, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for assaying mRNA expression of Livin, caspase-3, and Smac in CRSwNP and controls. Moreover, the effects of various stimulators on Livin were evaluated on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) culture. Then, the effects of Livin on caspase-3 and Smac were observed on the culture of HNECs. RESULTS Stronger protein and mRNA expression of Livin was observed in CRSwNP, especially eosinophilic CRSwNP, weaker protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Smac was observed in CRSwNP, and Livin expression was negatively related to caspase-3 or Smac expression, respectively. Livin mRNA was augmented by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A, and IL-1β but suppressed by interferon-γ. Caspase-3 and Smac mRNA expression were inhibited by Livin. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of Livin and downregulation of caspase-3 and Smac were observed in CRSwNP, especially in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Livin may exert its anti-apoptosis effect by suppressing caspase-3 and Smac in CRSwNP. IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-1β may be critical for Livin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China
| | - Xisheng Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Ibrahim L, Aladle D, Mansour A, Hammad A, Al Wakeel AA, Abd El-Hameed SA. Expression and prognostic significance of livin/BIRC7 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Oncol 2014; 31:941. [PMID: 24696218 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Livin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins has been considered to be a poor prognostic marker in malignancies. However, little is known about the clinical relevance of livin expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of livin on leukemic blasts of de novo childhood ALL and its relevance to clinical and hematological findings, and treatment outcome. The expression of livin was analyzed in 80 patients with newly diagnosed childhood ALL using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results of the study revealed that the expression levels of livin were higher in patients with favorable prognostic factors. Furthermore, livin expression was associated with a favorable early response to chemotherapy (leukemic blast <25% day 7 bone marrow response) (P = 0.001). Patients with high livin expression were associated with significantly higher CR rate (P = 0.02) and lower mortality rate (P = 0.05) than those with low livin expression. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that high livin expression was associated with significantly longer DFS (P = 0.004) and overall survival (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that livin expression was independent favorable prognostic factor for OS and DFS (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). This study suggests that livin expression could be a novel prognostic marker in childhood ALL thus it could be incorporated into patient stratification and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ibrahim
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt,
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Ou JM, Ye B, Qiu MK, Dai YX, Dong Q, Shen J, Dong P, Wang XF, Liu YB, Quan ZW, Fei ZW. Knockdown of Livin inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells through blockade of the MAPK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:276-84. [PMID: 24220265 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Livin, a novel member of the human inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, has been shown to be critical for tumor progression and poor prognosis for several types of malignancies. However, limited reports exist regarding the biological functions of Livin in human gastric cancer (GC). The present study investigated the clinical significance of Livin and caspase-3 (CAS-3) in human GC using immunohistochemistry assay, and explore the potential using RNA interference to knockdown Livin expression, including the subsequent effects on tumor growth and invasion in GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the rate of positive expression of Livin was significantly higher in GC tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancer tissues (ANCT) (64.1 vs. 30.8%, P<0.001), while CAS-3 was lower in GC tissues than in ANCT (33.3 vs. 66.7%, P=0.001). Livin expression was positively correlated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases (P=0.009; P=0.007), while CAS-3 was negatively correlated with them (P=0.036; P=0.002) in patients with GC. Furthermore, knockdown of Livin inhibited cell proliferative activities and invasive potential, and induced cell in situ apoptosis in GC cells, accompanied with decreased expression of p38 MAPK, VEGF and MMP-2 and increased expression of CAS-3. In addition, the tumor volumes in the SGC7901 subcutaneous nude mouse model treated with Lv-shLivin was significantly smaller compared to those of the PBS group (P<0.01). Taken together, our findings indicate that the expression of Livin is increased in human GC and correlates with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases, while knockdown of Livin inhibits cell growth and invasion through blockade of the MAPK pathway in GC cells, suggesting that Livin may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Chung CY, Park YL, Kim N, Park HC, Park HB, Myung DS, Kim JS, Cho SB, Lee WS, Joo YE. Expression and prognostic significance of Livin in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2520-8. [PMID: 24008725 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Livin is one of the most important members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. It is overexpressed in several types of tumors and may have prognostic significance. The present study investigated the biological role of Livin in the oncogenic behavior of gastric cancer cells, the expression of Livin in gastric cancer tissue and the relationship of its expression with various clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Small interfering RNA blocked Livin gene expression in AGS and SNU638 human gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of Livin was investigated in gastric cancer tissues by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The associations with various clinicopathological parameters and survival were analyzed. Livin knockdown inhibited tumor cell migration, invasion and proliferation in AGS and SNU638 cells. Livin knockdown induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-7 and PARP. Livin knockdown induced cell cycle arrest by a decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 and an increase in expression of p21 and p27. The ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways were inhibited by Livin knockdown. Livin expression was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. However, no significant correlation was found between Livin expression and various clinicopathological parameters including survival. In conclusion, Livin expression may be important in the alteration of invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. The prognostic relevance of Livin remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Yun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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Myung DS, Park YL, Chung CY, Park HC, Kim JS, Cho SB, Lee WS, Lee KH, Lee JH, Joo YE. Expression of Livin in colorectal cancer and its relationship to tumor cell behavior and prognosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73262. [PMID: 24023847 PMCID: PMC3759411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Expression of Livin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, is associated with tumor development and progression. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether Livin affects oncogenic biological behavior of colorectal cancer cells, and to document the relationship between its expression and various clinicopathological parameters in colorectal cancer. METHODS We investigated the impact of Livin on tumor cell behavior by using the small interfering RNA and pcDNA3.1 vector in SW480 and DKO1 colorectal cancer cell lines. The expression of Livin was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in coloretcal cancer tissues. The apoptotic cells were visualized by TUNEL assay, and proliferative cells were visualized by Ki-67 antibody staining. RESULTS Knockdown of Livin suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. Knockdown of Livin induced the apoptosis by up-regulating of caspase-3, -7 and PARP activities and the cell cycle arrest by decreasing cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6, and by inducing p27 expression. The MAPK signaling cascades were significantly blocked by knockdown of Livin. In contrast, overexpression of Livin enhanced tumor cell migration and invasion, and inhibited the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The mean apoptotic index (AI) value of Livin positive tumors was significantly lower than AI of Livin negative tumors. However, there was no significant difference between Livin expression and Ki-67 labeling index (KI). Livin expression was significantly increased in colorectal cancer and metastatic lymph node tissues compared to normal colorectal mucosa and non-metastatic lymph node tissues and was associated with tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Livin is associated with tumor progression by increasing tumor cell motility and inhibiting apoptosis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seong Myung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Yun Chung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Z, Li E, Liu Y, Gao Y, Sun H, Ma G, Wang Z, Liu X, Wang Q, Qu X, Liu Y, Yu Y. Inhibition of Jak-STAT3 pathway enhances bufalin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer SW620 cells. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:228. [PMID: 23110625 PMCID: PMC3534604 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the research is to investigate the roles of Jak-STAT3 signaling pathway in bufalin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer SW620 cells. Methods The inhibitory effects of bufalin on cell proliferation were determined by MTT (Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium) assay. The morphological changes of cells were measured by Wright-Giemsa staining. The cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry analysis. Western Blot was used to determine the protein expression of the apoptosis inhibitors livin and caspase-3, the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2, as well as the key protein kinases in the Jak-stat3 signaling pathway, stat3 and p-stat3. Results (1) Bufalin inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells. IC50 at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were 76.72 ± 6.21 nmol/L, 34.05 ± 4.21 nmol/L and 16.7 ± 6.37 nmol/L. (2) Bufalin induced SW620 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, indicated by the appearance of apoptotic bodies; (3) The results from flow cytometry demonstrated that there was cell cycle G2/M phase arrest in 20 nmol/L bufalin treatment group (36.29 ± 2.11% vs 18.39 ± 1.74%, P<0.01); there was a sub-diploid apoptosis peak in 80 nmol/L bufalin treatment group (19.69 ± 1.63% vs 0.99 ± 0.23%, P <0.01). The apoptosis rate was 34.63 ± 2.57% (vs 19.69 ± 1.63%, P = 0.002) in JAK kinase inhibitor AG490 plus bufalin treatment group. (4) During the process of bufalin-induced apoptosis in SW620 cells, transient activation of p-stat3 inhibited the activation of stat3, up-regulated Bax expression, down-regulated livin and Bcl-2 expression (P<0.01), and activated caspase-3. Inhibition of Jak-stat3 signaling pathway by pre-treatment with AG490 significantly enhanced the bufalin-induced apoptosis (P<0.01), further up-regulated Bax protein expression, down-regulated livin and Bcl-2 protein expression and enhanced caspase-3 activation. Conclusions Bufalin not only inhibited the growth of colon cancer SW620 cells, but also induced apoptosis of SW620 cells. Activation of caspase-3, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of livin and Bcl-2, as well as inhibition of Jak-stat3 signaling pathway might be the important mechanisms for the bufalin-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
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Mazrouei S, Ziaei A, Tanhaee AP, Keyhanian K, Esmaeili M, Baradaran A, Salehi M. Apoptosis inhibition or inflammation: the role of NAIP protein expression in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas compared to non-neoplastic lymph node. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:4. [PMID: 22357131 PMCID: PMC3297494 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP) family play a critical role in apoptosis and inflammatory response. Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP), as a member of both IAPs and NLR families (NOD-Like Receptor), is a unique IAP harboring NOD (Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain) and LLR (Leucine Rich Repeat) motifs. Considering these motifs in NAIP, it has been suggested that the main function of NAIP is distinct from other members of IAPs. As a member of NLR, NAIP mediates the assembly of 'Inflammasome' for inflammatory caspase activation. Pathologic expression of NAIP has been reported not only in some infectious and inflammatory diseases but also in some malignancies. However, there is no report to elucidate NAIP expression in lymphomatic malignancies. Methods In this study, we examined NAIP protein expression in 101 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded blocks including samples from 39 Hodgkin Lymphoma and 23 Non Hodgkin Lymphoma cases in comparison with 39 control samples (30 normal and 9 Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia (RLH) lymph nodes) using semi-quantitative immuno-flourecent Staining. Results NAIP expression was not statistically different in lymphoma samples neither in HL nor in NHL cases comparing to normal samples. However, we evaluated NAIP expression in normal and RLH lymph nodes. Surprisingly, we have found a statistically significant-difference between the NAIP expression in RLH (M.R of NAIP/GAPDH expression = 0.6365 ± 0.017) and normal lymph node samples (M.R of NAIP/GAPDH expression = 0.5882 ± 0.047) (P < 0.01). Conclusions These findings show that the regulation of apoptosis could not be the main function of NAIP in the cell, so the pathologic expression of NAIP is not involved in lymphoma. But, we concluded that the over expression of NAIP has more effective role in the inflammatory response. Also, this study clarifies the NAIP expression level in lymphoma which is required for IAPs profiling in order to be used in potential translational applications of IAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Mazrouei
- Dept of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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