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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Bar A, Kurpinska A, Mohaissen T, Grosicki M, Stojak M, Sternak M, Buczek E, Proniewski B, Kuś K, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Panek A, Pietrowska M, Zapotoczny S, Shanahan CM, Szabo C, Chlopicki S. Phylloquinone improves endothelial function, inhibits cellular senescence, and vascular inflammation. GeroScience 2024; 46:4909-4935. [PMID: 38980631 PMCID: PMC11336140 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylloquinon (PK) and menaquinones (MK) are both naturally occurring compounds belonging to vitamin K group. Present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the influence of PK in several models of vascular dysfunction to determine whether PK has vasoprotective properties, similar to those previously described for MK. Effects of PK and MK on endothelial dysfunction were studied in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice in vivo, in the isolated aorta incubated with TNF, and in vascular cells as regard inflammation and cell senescence (including replicative and stress-induced models of senescence). Moreover, the vascular conversion of exogenous vitamins to endogenous MK-4 was analyzed. PK, as well as MK, given for 8 weeks in diet (10 mg/kg) resulted in comparable improvement in endothelial function in the ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Similarly, PK and MK prevented TNF-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the isolated aorta. In in vitro studies in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, we identified that both PK and MK displayed anti-senescence effects via decreasing DNA damage while in endothelial cells anti-inflammatory activity was ascribed to the modulation of NFκB activation. The activity of PK and MK was comparable in terms of their effect on senescence and inflammation. Presence of endogenous synthesis of MK-4 from PK in aorta and endothelial and smooth muscle cells suggests a possible involvement of MK in vascular effects of PK. In conclusion, PK and MK display comparable vasoprotective effects, which may be ascribed, at least in part, to the inhibition of cell senescence and inflammation. The vasoprotective effect of PK in the vessel wall can be related to the direct effects of PK, as well as to the action of MK formed from PK in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Centre for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Sucularli C, Şimay Demir YD, Özdemir A, Ark M. Temporal regulation of gene expression and pathways in chemotherapy-induced senescence in HeLa cervical cancer cell line. Biosystems 2024; 237:105140. [PMID: 38336224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the state of permanent growth arrest. Chemotherapeutic drugs induce senescence, known as therapy-induced senescence. Although there are studies deciphering processes in senescence, more studies providing detailed information on therapy-induced senescence at the transcriptome level are needed. In order to understand temporal molecular changes of doxorubicin treatment in the course of senescence formation, two data sets from HeLa cells at 16 h and 72 h doxorubicin treatment were analyzed. GO BP enrichment, KEGG pathways and hub genes specific to or shared between 16 h and 72 h doxorubicin treated HeLa cells were identified. Genes functioning in p53 signaling were upregulated only in 16 h, while genes functioning in extracellular matrix organization were upregulated only in 72 h doxorubicin treated HeLa cells. Wound healing genes were gradually upregulated from 16 h to 72 h doxorubicin treatment and metabolic pathways were downregulated at both. ncRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis GO BP terms were enriched in upregulated genes at 16 h, while these terms were enriched in downregulated genes at 72 h senescent HeLa cells. According to our results, genes functioning in p53 signaling may be involved in the induction of senescence, but may not be required to maintain senescence in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sucularli
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Aysun Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Xu HN, Wang W, Li XZ, Sun Y, Li YZ, Deng C, Song XM, Zhang DD. A Review of Extraction and Purification, Biological Properties, Structure-Activity Relationships and Future Prospects of Schisandrin C: A Major Active Constituent of Schisandra Chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301298. [PMID: 37990607 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, China has used natural medicine as the primary way to combat diseases and has a rich arsenal of natural medicines. With the progress of the times, the extraction of bioactive molecules from natural drugs has become the new development direction for natural medicines. Among the numerous natural drugs, Schisandrin C (Sch C), derived from Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. It has excellent potential for development and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on the biological properties of hepatoprotection, scholars have explored Sch C and its synthetic products in depth; some studies have shown that pentosidine has the effect of improving the symptoms of liver fibrosis and reducing the concentration of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum of rats, which is an essential inspiration for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. But more in vivo and ex vivo studies still need to be included. This paper focuses on Sch C's extraction and synthesis, biological activities and drug development progress. The future application prospects of Sch C are discussed to perfect its development work further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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4
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao S, Xu T, Yin Y. JAK/STAT signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233259. [PMID: 37635867 PMCID: PMC10450957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Luvizotto MJ, Menezes-Silva L, Woronik V, Monteiro RC, Câmara NOS. Gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: Role on mesangial cell metabolism and inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993716. [PMID: 36467425 PMCID: PMC9715425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest primary glomerular disease around the world and represents a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. IgAN is characterized by mesangial deposition of IgA-immune complexes and mesangial expansion. The pathophysiological process includes an abnormally glycosylated IgA1, which is an antigenic target. Autoantibodies specifically recognize galactose-deficient IgA1 forming immune complexes that are amplified in size by the soluble IgA Fc receptor CD89 leading to deposition in the mesangium through interaction with non-classical IgA receptors. The local production of cytokines promotes local inflammation and complement system activation, besides the stimulation of mesangial proliferation. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is quite variable from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Despite all the advances, the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. The mucosal immune system is quoted to be a factor in triggering IgAN and a "gut-kidney axis" is proposed in its development. Furthermore, many recent studies have demonstrated that food intake interferes directly with disease prognosis. In this review, we will discuss how mucosal immunity, microbiota, and nutritional status could be interfering directly with the activation of intrinsic pathways of the mesangial cells, directly resulting in changes in their function, inflammation and development of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Justi Luvizotto
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato C. Monteiro
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, INSERM and CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Caliskan A, Crouch SAW, Giddins S, Dandekar T, Dangwal S. Progeria and Aging-Omics Based Comparative Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2440. [PMID: 36289702 PMCID: PMC9599154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times aging has also been regarded as a disease, and humankind has always strived to extend the natural lifespan. Analyzing the genes involved in aging and disease allows for finding important indicators and biological markers for pathologies and possible therapeutic targets. An example of the use of omics technologies is the research regarding aging and the rare and fatal premature aging syndrome progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, HGPS). In our study, we focused on the in silico analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in progeria and aging, using a publicly available RNA-Seq dataset (GEO dataset GSE113957) and a variety of bioinformatics tools. Despite the GSE113957 RNA-Seq dataset being well-known and frequently analyzed, the RNA-Seq data shared by Fleischer et al. is far from exhausted and reusing and repurposing the data still reveals new insights. By analyzing the literature citing the use of the dataset and subsequently conducting a comparative analysis comparing the RNA-Seq data analyses of different subsets of the dataset (healthy children, nonagenarians and progeria patients), we identified several genes involved in both natural aging and progeria (KRT8, KRT18, ACKR4, CCL2, UCP2, ADAMTS15, ACTN4P1, WNT16, IGFBP2). Further analyzing these genes and the pathways involved indicated their possible roles in aging, suggesting the need for further in vitro and in vivo research. In this paper, we (1) compare "normal aging" (nonagenarians vs. healthy children) and progeria (HGPS patients vs. healthy children), (2) enlist genes possibly involved in both the natural aging process and progeria, including the first mention of IGFBP2 in progeria, (3) predict miRNAs and interactomes for WNT16 (hsa-mir-181a-5p), UCP2 (hsa-mir-26a-5p and hsa-mir-124-3p), and IGFBP2 (hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-mir-126-3p, and hsa-mir-27b-3p), (4) demonstrate the compatibility of well-established R packages for RNA-Seq analysis for researchers interested but not yet familiar with this kind of analysis, and (5) present comparative proteomics analyses to show an association between our RNA-Seq data analyses and corresponding changes in protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Caliskan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samantha A. W. Crouch
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Giddins
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Seema Dangwal
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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BMP9 reduces age-related bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoblast senescence through Smad1-Stat1-P21 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:254. [PMID: 35523787 PMCID: PMC9076651 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by the accumulation of senescent osteoblastic cells in bone microenvironment and significantly reduced osteogenic differentiation. Clearing of the senescent cells is helpful to improve bone formation in aged mice. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a multifunctional protein produced and secreted by liver, was reported to improve osteoporosis caused by estrogen withdrawal. However, the mechanism of BMP9 has not been fully elucidated, and its effect on senile osteoporosis has not been reported. This study reveals that BMP9 significantly increases bone mass and improves bone biomechanical properties in aged mice. Furthermore, BMP9 reduces expression of senescent genes in bone microenvironment, accompanied by decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) such as Ccl5, Mmp9, Hmgb1, Nfkb1, and Vcam1. In vitro, Bmp9 treatment inhibits osteoblast senescence through activating Smad1, which suppresses the transcriptional activity of Stat1, thereby inhibits P21 expression and SASPs production. Furthermore, inhibiting the Smad1 signal in vivo can reverse the inhibitory effect of BMP9 on Stat1 and downstream senescent genes, which eliminates the protection of BMP9 on age-related osteoporosis. These findings highlight the critical role of BMP9 on reducing age-related bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast senescence through Smad1-Stat1-P21 axis. BMP9 inhibits cellular senescence by activation of Smad1, which suppresses the transcription of Stat1, resulting in decreased P21 expression and SASPs production in osteoblast. The anti-aging effect of BMP9 is benefit to improving age-related osteoporosis.![]()
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Zhu X, Zhang C, Shi M, Li H, Jiang X, Wang L. IL-6/STAT3-mediated autophagy participates in the development of age-related glomerulosclerosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22698. [PMID: 33393185 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The standard of age-related glomerulosclerosis is unclear. Both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and autophagy are involved in age-related kidney disease. Therefore, we aimed to explore the standard, as well as the potential mechanism(s). A total of 44 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy were enrolled. Pearson analysis was performed to investigate the parameters with ages. The patients were divided into the young- and aged-kidney groups. Kidney morphological changes were evaluated by histology staining, senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and autophagosome was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry were accomplished to assess the expression of p16, STAT3, and glycoprotein130 (GP130) and autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, human glomerular mesangial cells were administrated with tocilizumab (TCZ) and/or IL-6, and then the above indexes were tested again. Sclerotic glomerular density and glomerular sclerosis rate were significantly higher in individuals more than 40 years old, and they were strongly correlated with ages. Moreover, the expression of p16, STAT3, GP130, and p62 was significantly increased, while LC3II and autophagosome were statistically decreased in the aged-kidney. Glomeruli were hardly to stain with SA-β-gal. For the in vitro experiments, we observed that IL-6 significantly increased p16, STAT3, GP130, and p62, induced higher SA-β-gal staining, while downregulated LC3II and autophagosome. Furthermore, TCZ statistically reversed the effects of IL-6 on the above expression of proteins. Glomerular sclerosis rate might be one standard for natural renal aging, and IL-6/STAT3-mediated autophagy may participate in the development of age-related glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Blood Purification Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu X, Hoft DF, Peng G. Senescent T cells within suppressive tumor microenvironments: emerging target for tumor immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1073-1083. [PMID: 32118585 DOI: 10.1172/jci133679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional state of the preexisting T cells in the tumor microenvironment is a key determinant for effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests that immunosenescence is an important state of T cell dysfunction that is distinct from exhaustion, a key strategy used by malignant tumors to evade immune surveillance and sustain the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the phenotypic and functional characteristics of senescent T cells and their role in human cancers. We also explore the possible mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for induction of T cell senescence by malignant tumors, and then discuss potential strategies to prevent and/or reverse senescence in tumor-specific T cells. A better understanding of these critical issues should provide novel strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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The Signaling of Cellular Senescence in Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7495629. [PMID: 31687085 PMCID: PMC6794967 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7495629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in western countries. Notably, it has a rapidly rising prevalence in China. The patients, commonly complicated with cardiovascular diseases and neurologic disorders, are at high risk to progress into end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy have not been determined. Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies.
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The role of STAT3/mTOR-regulated autophagy in angiotensin II-induced senescence of human glomerular mesangial cells. Cell Signal 2019; 53:327-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Regulatory T cells trigger effector T cell DNA damage and senescence caused by metabolic competition. Nat Commun 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29339767 PMCID: PMC5770447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the suppressive mechanisms used by regulatory T (Treg) cells is critical for the development of effective strategies for treating tumors and chronic infections. The molecular processes that occur in responder T cells that are suppressed by Treg cells are unclear. Here we show that human Treg cells initiate DNA damage in effector T cells caused by metabolic competition during cross-talk, resulting in senescence and functional changes that are molecularly distinct from anergy and exhaustion. ERK1/2 and p38 signaling cooperate with STAT1 and STAT3 to control Treg-induced effector T-cell senescence. Human Treg-induced T-cell senescence can be prevented via inhibition of the DNA damage response and/or STAT signaling in T-cell adoptive transfer mouse models. These studies identify molecular mechanisms of human Treg cell suppression and indicate that targeting Treg-induced T-cell senescence is a checkpoint for immunotherapy against cancer and other diseases associated with Treg cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can induce senescence of tumour-associated effector T cells, but it is not clear how. Here the authors show that Treg cells outcompete effector T cells for glucose uptake, resulting in activation of the DNA damage response in effector T cells.
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Targeted inhibition of STATs and IRFs as a potential treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48788-48812. [PMID: 27166190 PMCID: PMC5217051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key factors contributing to early stages of atherosclerosis and plaque development include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α, IFNγ and Interleukin (IL)-6 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimuli. Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) families. In particular, STAT1, 2 and 3; IRF1 and 8 have recently been recognized as prominent modulators of inflammation, especially in immune and vascular cells during atherosclerosis. Moreover, inflammation-mediated activation of these STATs and IRFs coordinates a platform for synergistic amplification leading to pro-atherogenic responses. Searches for STAT3-targeting compounds, exploring the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules including natural products. Only a few inhibitors for other STATs, but none for IRFs, are described. Promising results for several STAT3 inhibitors in recent clinical trials predicts STAT3-inhibiting strategies may find their way to the clinic. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT-specific, display toxicity and are not very potent. This illustrates the need for better models, and screening and validation tools for novel STAT and IRF inhibitors. This review presents a summary of these findings. It postulates STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 and IRF1 and IRF8 as interesting therapeutic targets and targeted inhibition could be a potential treatment strategy in CVDs. In addition, it proposes a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking of STAT-SH2 and IRF-DBD models with in vitro STAT and IRF activation inhibition validation, as a novel tool to screen multi-million compound libraries and identify specific inhibitors for STATs and IRFs.
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Duke KS, Bonner JC. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a physicochemical characteristic perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1498. [PMID: 28984415 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with numerous beneficial applications. However, they could pose a risk to human health from occupational or consumer exposures. Rodent models demonstrate that exposure to CNTs via inhalation, instillation, or aspiration results in pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of the fibrogenic response is determined by various physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial such as residual metal catalyst content, rigidity, length, aggregation status, or surface charge. CNTs are also increasingly functionalized post-synthesis with organic or inorganic agents to modify or enhance surface properties. The mechanisms of CNT-induced fibrosis involve oxidative stress, innate immune responses of macrophages, cytokine and growth factor production, epithelial cell injury and death, expansion of the pulmonary myofibroblast population, and consequent extracellular matrix accumulation. A comprehensive understanding of how physicochemical properties affect the fibrogenic potential of various types of CNTs should be considered in combination with genetic variability and gain or loss of function of specific genes encoding secreted cytokines, enzymes, or intracellular cell signaling molecules. Here, we cover the current state of the literature on mechanisms of CNT-exposed pulmonary fibrosis in rodent models with a focus on physicochemical characteristics as principal drivers of the mechanisms leading to pulmonary fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Duke
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Xie X, Xia W, Fei X, Xu Q, Yang X, Qiu D, Wang M. Relaxin Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Matrix Accumulation in Human Mesangial Cells by Interfering with TGF-β1 Production and Mesangial Cells Phenotypic Transition. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1464-9. [PMID: 26424011 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DN is characterized by glomerular extracellular matrix accumulation, mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis. To date, mounting evidence has shown that H2 relaxin possesses powerful antifibrosis properties; however, the mechanisms of H2 relaxin on diabetic nephropathy remain unknown. Here, we aimed to explore whether H2 relaxin can reduce production of extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by human mesangial cells (HMC). HMC were exposed to 5.5 mM glucose (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG) with or without H2 relaxin. Fibronectin (FN) and collagen type IV levels in the culture supernatants were examined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was employed to analyze transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA expression. Compared with the normal glucose group, the levels of fibronectin and collagen type were markedly increased after being cultured in high glucose medium. Compared with the high glucose group, remarkable decreases of fibronectin, collagen type IV, α-smooth muscle actin, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression were observed in the H2 relaxin-treated group. The mechanism by which H2 relaxin reduced high glucose-induced overproduction of ECM may be associated with inhibition of TGF-β1 mRNA expression and mesangial cells' phenotypic transition. H2 relaxin is a potentially effective modality for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Sosa Peña MDP, Lopez-Soler R, Melendez JA. Senescence in chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 315:F880-F889. [PMID: 27306980 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing numbers of patients on dialysis, the numbers of renal transplants performed yearly have remained relatively static. During the last 50 years, there have been many advances in the pharmacology of prevention of organ rejection. However, most patients will suffer from a slow but steady decline in renal function leading to graft loss. The most common cause of long-term graft loss is chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Therefore, elucidating and understanding the mechanisms involved in CAN is crucial for achieving better posttransplant outcomes. It is thought that the development of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in proximal tubules is one of the first steps towards CAN, and has been shown to be a result of cellular senescence. Cells undergoing senescence acquire a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to the production of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), which has been implicated in several degenerative and inflammatory processes including renal disease. A central mediator in SASP activation is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced in response to numerous physiological and pathological stimuli. This review explores the connection between SASP and the development of EMT/CAN in an effort to suggest future directions for research leading to improved long-term graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynold Lopez-Soler
- Albany Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Albany, New York
| | - J Andrés Melendez
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York
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Fu RG, Zhang T, Wang L, Du Y, Jia LN, Hou JJ, Yao GL, Liu XD, Zhang L, Chen L, Gui BS, Xue RL. Inhibition of the K+ channel K(Ca)3.1 reduces TGF-β1-induced premature senescence, myofibroblast phenotype transition and proliferation of mesangial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87410. [PMID: 24489911 PMCID: PMC3905019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective KCa3.1 channel participates in many important cellular functions. This study planned to investigate the potential involvement of KCa3.1 channel in premature senescence, myofibroblast phenotype transition and proliferation of mesangial cells. Methods & Materials Rat mesangial cells were cultured together with TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) and TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) + TRAM-34 (16 nM) separately for specified times from 0 min to 60 min. The cells without treatment served as controls. The location of KCa3.1 channels in mesangial cells was determined with Confocal laser microscope, the cell cycle of mesangial cells was assessed with flow cytometry, the protein and mRNA expression of KCa3.1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) were detected with Western blot and RT-PCR. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls-q test (SNK-q) were used to do statistical analysis. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05. Results Kca3.1 channels were located in the cell membranes and/or in the cytoplasm of mesangial cells. The percentage of cells in G0-G1 phase and the expression of Kca3.1, α-SMA and FSP-1 were elevated under the induction of TGF-β1 when compared to the control and decreased under the induction of TGF-β1+TRAM-34 when compared to the TGF-β1 induced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Targeted disruption of KCa3.1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced premature aging, myofibroblast-like phenotype transdifferentiation and proliferation of mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Guo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ning Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Hou
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Lian Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Cadre's ward, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Song Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RLX); (BSG)
| | - Rong-Liang Xue
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (RLX); (BSG)
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:380-401. [PMID: 23851032 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging, a determinant factor for cardiovascular disease and health status in the elderly, is now viewed as a modifiable risk factor. Impaired endothelial vasodilation is a early hallmark of arterial aging that precedes the clinical manifestations of vascular dysfunction, the first step to cardiovascular disease and influencing vascular outcomes in the elderly. Accordingly, the preservation of endothelial function is thought to be an essential determinant of healthy aging. With special attention on the effects of aging on the endothelial function, this review is focused on the two main mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction: oxidative stress and inflammation. Aging vasculature generates an excess of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, that compromise the vasodilatory activity of nitric oxide (NO) and facilitate the formation of the deleterious radical, peroxynitrite. Main sources of ROS are mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases, although NOS uncoupling could also account for ROS generation. In addition, reduced antioxidant response mediated by erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and downregulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) contributes to the establishment of chronic oxidative stress in aged vessels. This is accompanied by a chronic low-grade inflammatory phenotype that participates in defective endothelial vasodilation. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is upregulated in vascular cells from old subjects and drives a proinflammatory shift that feedbacks oxidative stress. This chronic NF-κB activation is contributed by increased angiotensin-II signaling and downregulated sirtuins and precludes adequate cellular response to acute ROS generation. Interventions targeted to recover endogenous antioxidant capacity and cellular stress response rather than exogenous antioxidants could reverse oxidative stress-inflammation vicious cycle in vascular aging. Lifestyle attitudes such as caloric restriction and exercise training appear as effective ways to overcome defective antioxidant response and inflammation, favoring successful vascular aging and decreasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
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Fu RG, Wu JJ, Xue RL, Zhang T, Wang L, Wu XL, Duan ZY, Jia LN, Ma LQ, Du Y, Wei LT. Premature senescence and cellular phenotype transformation of mesangial cells induced by TGF-B1. Ren Fail 2013; 35:1142-5. [PMID: 23883105 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.817279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily of cytokines and performs many cellular functions. Its overexpression may lead to renal fibrosis. AIM This study planed to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on the cell cycle and phenotype of mesangial cells. METHODS Rat mesangial cells were cultured together with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1 for specified times from 0 min to 72 h. 0 ng/mL TGF-β1 and 0 min served as controls. Cell cycles were assessed by flow cytometry and α-smooth muscle actin expression (α-SMA) protein expression by western blot analysis. All data were presented as Mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS After 15 min of co-culture with different concentrations of TGF-β1, the percentage of mesangial cells in G0/G1 phase was significantly elevated compared to the control (p < 0.05). 12 h co-culture induced cell hyperplasia, 24 h co-culture obvious up-regulation of α-SMA (p < 0.01) and one or two cells' myofibroblast phenotype transition, and 36 h co-culture several cells' phenotype transition. Correlation analysis prompted that the TGF-β1-induced premature aging was time-dependent (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION TGF-β1 may induce mesangial cells' premature senescence and myofibroblast-like phenotype transformation time-dependently, which may contribute to the development of early stage of glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Guo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Small DM, Bennett NC, Roy S, Gabrielli BG, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. Oxidative stress and cell senescence combine to cause maximal renal tubular epithelial cell dysfunction and loss in an in vitro model of kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 122:123-30. [PMID: 23735887 DOI: 10.1159/000350726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and cost of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing. Renal tubular epithelial cell dysfunction and attrition, involving increased apoptosis and cell senescence, are central to the pathogenesis of CKD. The aim here was to use an in vitro model to investigate the separate and cumulative effects of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell senescence in promoting loss of renal mass. METHODS Human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were treated with moderate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for oxidative stress, with or without cell cycle inhibition (apigenin, API) for cell senescence. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and oxidative stress were measured by ATP assay, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function with confocal microscopy, MitoTracker Red CMXRos and live cell imaging with JC-1. In parallel, cell death and injury (i.e. apoptosis and Bax/Bcl-XL expression, lactate dehydrogenase), cell senescence (SA-β-galactosidase) and renal regenerative ability (cell proliferation), and their modulation with the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) were investigated. RESULTS H2O2 and API, separately, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and cell senescence. Although API caused cell senescence, it also induced oxidative stress at levels similar to H2O2 treatment alone, indicating that senescence and oxidative stress may be intrinsically linked. When H2O2 and API were delivered concurrently, their detrimental effects on renal cell loss were compounded. The antioxidant NAC attenuated apoptosis and senescence, and restored regenerative potential to the kidney. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress and cell senescence both cause mitochondrial destabilization and cell loss and contribute to the development of the cellular characteristics of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
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