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Yin X, Ren Y, Luo W, Liao M, Huang L, Zhuang X, Liu Y, Wang W. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) gene regulates apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei under low-temperature stress. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:104378. [PMID: 35231467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an important serine/threonine-protein kinase in many signaling pathways. However, its function in crustaceans, such as shrimps, is still poorly understood and needs to be further explored. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of NLK from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvNLK) was cloned. The full-length LvNLK cDNA has 2497 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1524 bp encoding a protein with 507 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 56.1 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvNLK shared high similarities with NLK from other known species. Low-temperature stress markedly upregulated the expression of LvNLK. Its overexpression in hemocytes suppressed the expression of BCL2-associated X (Bax) and tumor protein P53 (p53) in vitro. Meanwhile, the BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2), MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were upregulated. Moreover, LvNLK silencing in vivo increased the susceptibility of shrimps to low-temperature stress. The generation of ROS and the rate of hemocyte apoptosis also increased when LvNLK was silenced. Additionally, qPCR results indicated that LvNLK might participate in apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that LvNLK is indispensable for the environmental adaptation of L. vannamei. Our current findings also demonstrated that NLK is evolutionarily conserved in crustaceans and provided insights into the environmental adaptation of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yinghao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weitao Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meiqiu Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueqi Zhuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Founounou N, Farhadifar R, Collu GM, Weber U, Shelley MJ, Mlodzik M. Tissue fluidity mediated by adherens junction dynamics promotes planar cell polarity-driven ommatidial rotation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6974. [PMID: 34848713 PMCID: PMC8632910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of tissue fluidity-cells' ability to rearrange relative to each other in confluent tissues-has been linked to several morphogenetic processes and diseases, yet few molecular regulators of tissue fluidity are known. Ommatidial rotation (OR), directed by planar cell polarity signaling, occurs during Drosophila eye morphogenesis and shares many features with polarized cellular migration in vertebrates. We utilize in vivo live imaging analysis tools to quantify dynamic cellular morphologies during OR, revealing that OR is driven autonomously by ommatidial cell clusters rotating in successive pulses within a permissive substrate. Through analysis of a rotation-specific nemo mutant, we demonstrate that precise regulation of junctional E-cadherin levels is critical for modulating the mechanical properties of the tissue to allow rotation to progress. Our study defines Nemo as a molecular tool to induce a transition from solid-like tissues to more viscoelastic tissues broadening our molecular understanding of tissue fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Founounou
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Reza Farhadifar
- grid.430264.7Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Giovanna M. Collu
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ursula Weber
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michael J. Shelley
- grid.430264.7Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Courant Institute, New York University, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ji YX, Wang Y, Li PL, Cai L, Wang XM, Bai L, Liu Z, Tian H, Tian S, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Cheng X, Yuan Y, She ZG, Hu Y, Li H. A kinome screen reveals that Nemo-like kinase is a key suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1171-1186.e9. [PMID: 33951476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antihyperglycemic therapy is an important priority for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) is a major cause of fasting hyperglycemia. Therefore, a better understanding of its regulation would be important to develop effective antihyperglycemic therapies. Using a gluconeogenesis-targeted kinome screening approach combined with transcriptome analyses, we uncovered Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a potent suppressor of HGP. Mechanistically, NLK phosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of CRTC2 and FOXO1, two key regulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis, resulting in the proteasome-dependent degradation of the former and the inhibition of the self-transcriptional activity and expression of the latter. Importantly, the expression of NLK is downregulated in the liver of individuals with diabetes and in diabetic rodent models and restoring NLK expression in the mouse model ameliorates hyperglycemia. Therefore, our findings uncover NLK as a critical player in the gluconeogenic regulatory network and as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yutao Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Long Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Lei L, Wang Y, Zheng YW, Fei LR, Shen HY, Li ZH, Huang WJ, Yu JH, Xu HT. Overexpression of Nemo-like Kinase Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells and Indicates Poor Prognosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:674-680. [PMID: 30451112 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181119150521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinaserelated kinase involved in the pathogenesis of several human cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and role of NLK in lung cancers, and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We examined the expression of NLK in lung cancer tissues through western blot analysis. We enhanced or knocked down NLK expression by gene transfection or RNA interference, respectively, in lung cancer cells, and examined expression alterations of key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also examined the roles of NLK in the proliferation and invasiveness of lung cancer cells by cell proliferation, colony formation, and Matrigel invasion assays. RESULTS NLK expression was found to be significantly higher in lung cancer tissue samples than in corresponding healthy lung tissue samples. Overexpression of NLK correlated with poor prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Overexpression of NLK upregulated β-catenin, TCF4, and Wnt target genes such as cyclin D1, c-Myc, and MMP7. N-cadherin and TWIST, the key proteins in EMT, were upregulated, while E-cadherin expression was reduced. Additionally, proliferation, colony formation, and invasion turned out to be enhanced in NLK-overexpressing cells. After NLK knockdown in lung cancer cells, we obtained the opposite results. CONCLUSION NLK is overexpressed in lung cancers and indicates poor prognosis. Overexpression of NLK activates the Wnt signaling pathway and EMT and promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liang-Ru Fei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao-Yue Shen
- 100K80B, Clinical Medicine of Seven-year Programme, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wen-Jing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Juan-Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Li SZ, Zeng F, Li J, Shu QP, Zhang HH, Xu J, Ren JW, Zhang XD, Song XM, Du RL. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) primes colorectal cancer progression by releasing the E2F1 complex from HDAC1. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:43-53. [PMID: 29803790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Control of E2F1 activity is restricted via its interactions with RB1 and HDAC1. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying the E2F1/HDAC1 complex remain elusive. Here, we report that Nemo-like kinase (NLK) boosts cell cycle progression, which facilitates tumor development by releasing the E2F1 protein from HDAC1. Deletion of NLK largely blocks colorectal tumor proliferation and development. Moreover, RNA-seq shows that cell cycle is arrested at the G1/S phase in NLK-deficient cells and that the expression of E2F complex-targeted genes are affected, whereas overexpression of NLK but not an NLK mutant restores the wild-type phenotype. Mechanistically, we show that NLK interacts with the E2F1 complex, leading to disassembly of the E2F1/HDAC1 complex and thus diminishing the ability of E2F1 to bind to target gene promoters. Our results indicate that NLK boosts cell proliferation and E2F1 activity and controls the cell cycle switch by releasing HDAC1 from the E2F1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ze Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qi-Peng Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Wei Ren
- Tibet University Medical College, Lasha, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Run-Lei Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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Yang W, Gu L, Yang C, Liu T. Expression of Nemo-like kinase in cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:743-749. [PMID: 29445289 PMCID: PMC5810516 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nemo-like kinase (NLK) has been reported to play different roles in tumors. However, the role of NLK in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical significance including survival of NLK protein expression in CSCCs. Patients and methods Immunohistochemical method was performed using tissues from 130 patients with CSCC. The associations between NLK expression and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of CSCCs were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that NLK was localized predominately in the nucleus of the tumor cells, and increased NLK expression was detected in 71 (54.6%) of 130 patients. NLK overexpression significantly correlated with higher histological grade (P=0.001), vascular/lymphatic invasion (P=0.010), lymph node metastasis (P=0.012), and recurrence (P=0.022). Patients with elevated NLK expression had poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.006 and P=0.004, respectively) compared with patients with decreased NLK expression. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that NLK overexpression was an independent factor for OS and DFS (P=0.034 and P=0.025, respectively). Conclusion NLK may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of CSCC patients and may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yang
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Gao XH, Li J, Liu Y, Liu QZ, Hao LQ, Liu LJ, Zhang W. ZNF148 modulates TOP2A expression and cell proliferation via ceRNA regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5845. [PMID: 28072746 PMCID: PMC5228706 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation is a novel hypothesized mechanism that states RNA molecules share common target microRNAs (miRNAs) and may competitively combine into the same miRNA pool. METHODS Zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148) and TOP2A expression were analyzed in 742 colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). ZNF148 mRNA, TOP2A mRNA, miR101, miR144, miR335, and miR365 expression were estimated in 53 fresh frozen CRC tissues by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mechanisms underpinning ceRNA were examined using bioinformatics, correlation analysis, RNA interference, gene over-expression, and luciferase assays. RESULTS Protein levels of ZNF148 and TOP2A detected by IHC positively correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.431, P < 0.001); mRNA levels of ZNF148 and TOP2A also positively correlated (r = 0.591, P < 0.001). Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that ZNF148 and TOP2A mRNA had 13 common target miRNAs, including miR101, miR144, miR335, and miR365. Correlation analysis demonstrated that levels of ZNF148 mRNA were negatively associated with levels of miR144, miR335, and miR365. Knockdown and overexpression tests showed that ZNF148 mRNA and TOP2A mRNA regulated each other in HCT116 cells, respectively, but not in Dicer-deficient HCT116 cells. Luciferase assays demonstrated that ZNF148 and TOP2A regulated each other through 3'UTR. Overexpression of ZNF148 mRNA and TOP2A mRNA caused significant downregulation of miR101, miR144, miR335, and miR365 in the HCT116 cells. We also found that knockdown of ZNF148 and TOP2A significantly promoted cell growth, and overexpression of ZNF148 and TOP2A inhibited cell proliferation, which was abrogated in Dicer-deficient HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION ZNF148 and TOP2A regulate each other through ceRNA regulatory mechanism in CRC, which has biological effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hua Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Li Qiang Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Lian Jie Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
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Wang L, Li J, Zhao H, Hu J, Ping Y, Li F, Lan Y, Xu C, Xiao Y, Li X. Identifying the crosstalk of dysfunctional pathways mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:711-20. [PMID: 26725846 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk among abnormal pathways widely occurs in human cancer and generally leads to insensitivity to cancer treatment. How long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of an abnormal pathway crosstalk in human cancer is largely unknown. Here, we proposed a strategy that integrates mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles for systematic identification of lncRNA-mediated crosstalk among risk pathways in different breast cancer subtypes. We identified 12 to 44 crosstalking pathway pairs mediated by 28 to 49 lncRNAs in four breast cancer subtypes. An LncRNA-mediated crosstalking pathway network in each breast cancer subtype was then constructed. We observed a number of breast cancer subtype-specific crosstalks of risk pathways. These subtype-specific lncRNA-mediated pathway crosstalks largely determined subtype-selective functions. Notably, we observed that lncRNAs mediated the crosstalk of pathways by cooperating with known important protein-coding genes, which play core roles in the deterioration of breast cancer. And we also identified key lncRNAs contributing to the crosstalk network in each subtype. As an example, the low expression of LIFR-AS1 was associated with poor survival in LumB subtype, and its cooperated genes IL1R and TGFBR located at the most upstream of the MAPK signaling pathway shared a common cascade path (p38 MAPKs-MEF2C) that can result in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In summary, we offer an effective way to characterize complex crosstalks mediated by lncRNAs in breast cancer subtypes, which can be applied to other diseases and provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ultrasonic medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yanyan Ping
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Lv M, Li Y, Tian X, Dai S, Sun J, Jin G, Jiang S. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of NLK inhibits small-cell lung cancer growth and metastasis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3737-3746. [PMID: 27895463 PMCID: PMC5117896 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s87435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, has been recognized as a critical regulator of various cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of NLK in human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive form of lung cancer. NLK expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 20 paired fresh SCLC tissue samples and found to be noticeably elevated in tumor tissues. Lentivirus-mediated RNAi efficiently suppressed NLK expression in NCI-H446 cells, resulting in a significant reduction in cell viability and proliferation in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of NLK led to cell cycle arrest at the S-phase via suppression of Cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A, which could contribute to cell growth inhibition. Furthermore, knockdown of NLK decreased the migration of NCI-H446 cells and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9. Treatment with NLK short hairpin RNA significantly reduced SCLC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, this study suggests that NLK plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of SCLC and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Tian
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Shundong Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | | | - Shenyi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Kumar R, Ciprianidis A, Theiß S, Steinbeißer H, Kaufmann LT. Nemo-like kinase 1 (Nlk1) and paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) cooperatively control Xenopus gastrulation through regulation of Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling. Differentiation 2016; 93:27-38. [PMID: 27875771 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway directs cell migration during vertebrate gastrulation and is essential for proper embryonic development. Paraxial protocadherin (PAPC, Gene Symbol pcdh8.2) is an important activator of Wnt/PCP signaling during Xenopus gastrulation, but how PAPC activity is controlled is incompletely understood. Here we show that Nemo-like kinase 1 (Nlk1), an atypical mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, physically associates with the C-terminus of PAPC. This interaction mutually stabilizes both proteins by inhibiting polyubiquitination. The Nlk1 mediated stabilization of PAPC is essential for Wnt/PCP signaling, tissue separation and gastrulation movements. We identified two conserved putative phosphorylation sites in the PAPC C-terminus that are critical for Nlk1 mediated PAPC stabilization and Wnt/PCP regulation. Intriguingly, the kinase activity of Nlk1 itself was not essential for its cooperation with PAPC, suggesting an indirect regulation for example by impeding a different kinase that promotes protein degradation. Overall these results outline a novel, kinase independent role of Nlk1, wherein Nlk1 regulates PAPC stabilization and thereby controls gastrulation movements and Wnt/PCP signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Ciprianidis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Theiß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Steinbeißer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lilian T Kaufmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Lu W, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Gao J, Wang XA, Mu J, Hu YP, Jiang L, Dong P, Gong W, Liu Y. Up-regulation of PKM2 promote malignancy and related to adverse prognostic risk factor in human gallbladder cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26351. [PMID: 27283076 PMCID: PMC4901292 DOI: 10.1038/srep26351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been implicated in the progression of certain cancers and might play pivotal roles in the formation of malignancy. However, the role of PKM2 in gallbladder cancer had not been well investigated. This study analyzed associations between PKM2 expression status with various clinical and pathologic parameters in a large cohort of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients from a long term follow up results. The expression level of pyruvate kinase isotypes in GBC tissues and their adjacent normal gallbladder tissues were estimated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. PKM2 mRNA level were significantly high in gallbladder cancer tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). High expression of the PKM2 was detected in 55.71% paraffin-embedded GBC tissue. The high PKM2 expression was independently associated with poorer overall survival in patients with GBC (median survival 11.9 vs 30.1 months; hazard ratio 2.79; 95% CI = 1.18 to 6.55; P = 0.02). These findings indicated elevated expression of PKM2 is a prognostic factor for poor GBC clinical outcomes, implied involving of PKM2 in GBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian medical University, No. 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Ke H, Masoumi KC, Ahlqvist K, Seckl MJ, Rydell-Törmänen K, Massoumi R. Nemo-like kinase regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in alveolar epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23987. [PMID: 27035511 PMCID: PMC4817507 DOI: 10.1038/srep23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling can be silenced either through β-catenin-mediated ubiquitination and degradation or through phosphorylation of Tcf and Lef by nemo-like kinase (NLK). In the present study, we generated NLK deficient animals and found that these mice become cyanotic shortly before death because of lung maturation defects. NLK-/- lungs exhibited smaller and compressed alveoli and the mesenchyme remained thick and hyperplastic. This phenotype was caused by epithelial activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via recruitment of Lef1 to the promoter of VEGF. Elevated expression of VEGF and activation of the VEGF receptor through phosphorylation promoted an increase in the proliferation rate of epithelial and endothelial cells. In summary, our study identifies NLK as a novel signaling molecule for proper lung development through the interconnection between epithelial and endothelial cells during lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengning Ke
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Kristofer Ahlqvist
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ramin Massoumi
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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13
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Suwei D, Liang Z, Zhimin L, Ruilei L, Yingying Z, Zhen L, Chunlei G, Zhangchao L, Yuanbo X, Jinyan Y, Gaofeng L, Xin S. NLK functions to maintain proliferation and stemness of NSCLC and is a target of metformin. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:120. [PMID: 26503334 PMCID: PMC4620602 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates the activity of a wide range of signal transduction pathways. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, is used for cancer prevention. However, the significance and underlying mechanism of NLK and metformin in oncogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigate a novel role of NLK and metformin in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods NLK expression was analyzed in 121 NSCLCs and 92 normal lung tissue samples from benign pulmonary disease. Lentivirus vectors with NLK-shRNA were used to examine the effect of NLK on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro. Then, tumor xenograft mouse models revealed that NLK knockdown cells had a reduced ability for tumor formation compared with the control group in vivo. Multiple cell cycle regulator expression patterns induced by NLK silencing were examined by western blots in A549 cells. We also employed metformin to study its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms. Cancer stem cell property was checked by tumor sphere formation and markers including CD133, Nanog, c-Myc, and TLF4. Results Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that NLK expression was up-regulated in NSCLC cases (p < 0.001) and correlated with tumor T stage (p < 0.05). Silencing of NLK suppressed cell proliferation and tumorigenicity significantly in vitro and in vivo, which might be modulated by JUN family proteins. Furthermore, metformin selectively inhibits NLK expression and proliferation in NSCLC cells, but not immortalized noncancerous lung bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, both NLK knockdown and metformin treatment reduced the tumor sphere formation capacity and percentage of CD133+ cells. Accordingly, the expression level of stem cell markers (Nanog, c-Myc, and TLF4) were decreased significantly. Conclusion NLK is critical for cancer cell cycle progression, and tumorigenesis in NSCLC, NLK knockdown, and metformin treatment inhibit cancer cell proliferation and stemness. Metformin inhibits NLK expression and might be a potential treatment strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Suwei
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zeng Liang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Zhimin
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Ruilei
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zou Yingying
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhen
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ge Chunlei
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lai Zhangchao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Yuanbo
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Jinyan
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Gaofeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Xin
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Huang Y, Yang Y, He Y, Li J. The emerging role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in the regulation of cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9147-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Long Noncoding RNA KIAA0125 Potentiates Cell Migration and Invasion in Gallbladder Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:108458. [PMID: 26448925 PMCID: PMC4584029 DOI: 10.1155/2015/108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the mostly aggressive diseases with poor prognosis due to the lack of severe symptoms. To date, little is known about the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBC initiation and progression. Thus, it provides us with a novel insight into the contribution of lncRNAs to GBC development. Remarkably, we found the differential expression of a lncRNA, namely, KIAA0125, in a pair of GBC cell sublines which possess different metastatic potentials. Then the effects of KIAA0125 on GBC cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) were investigated by using a lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) system. Notably, cell migration and invasion were strongly inhibited by KIAA0125 suppression. Moreover, the expression of β-Catenin was increased and the expression of Vimentin was decreased in GBC-SD/M cells after KIAA0125 knockdown. Thus, our findings suggested that KIAA0125 promoted the migration and invasion of GBC cells and could serve as a potential therapeutic target in advanced GBC.
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16
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Zhang W, He J, Du Y, Gao XH, Liu Y, Liu QZ, Chang WJ, Cao GW, Fu CG. Upregulation of nemo-like kinase is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8836-8847. [PMID: 26269673 PMCID: PMC4528026 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression and oncogenic role of nemo-like kinase (NLK) in colorectal cancer.
METHODS: Expression of NLK protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue specimens from 56 cases of normal colorectal mucosa, 51 cases of colorectal adenoma, and 712 cases of colorectal cancer. In addition, NLK expression was knocked down using a lentivirus carrying NLK small hairpin RNA in colorectal cancer cells. Cell viability methylthiazoletetrazolium assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry cell cycle assays, Transwell migration assays, and gene expression assays were performed to explore its role on proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer.
RESULTS: Expression of NLK protein progressively increased in tissues from the normal mucosa through adenoma to various stages of colorectal cancer. Overexpression of NLK protein was associated with advanced tumor-lymph node-metastasis stages, poor differentiation, lymph node and distant metastases, and a higher recurrence rate of colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that NLK expression was an independent prognostic factor to predict overall survival (hazard ratio 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.66-3.98; P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.40-2.74: P < 0.001) of colorectal cancer patients. Furthermore, knockdown of NLK expression in colorectal cancer cell lines reduced cell viability, colony formation, and migration, and arrested tumor cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. At the gene level, knockdown of NLK expression inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in colorectal cancer cells.
CONCLUSION: NLK overexpression is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer and knockdown of NLK expression inhibits colorectal cancer progression and metastasis.
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17
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Tai J, Rao Y, Fang J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Chen X, Zhou W, Xiao X, Long T, Han Y, Liu Q, Li A, Ni X. Lentivirus‑delivered nemo‑like kinase small interfering RNA inhibits laryngeal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5619-24. [PMID: 26252054 PMCID: PMC4581764 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple approaches have been applied to treat this type of cancer; however, no significant improvement in survival rate has been achieved. In the present study, the role of nemo‑like kinase (NLK) in human laryngeal carcinoma Hep‑2 cells was investigated. NLK has been identified as an important regulator of cell growth, patterning and cell death in a variety of organisms. Lentivirus‑mediated‑shRNA was employed to silence endogenous NLK expression. Downregulation of the expression of NLK following lentivirus infection was confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The effects of NLK downregulation on Hep‑2 cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Downregulation of NLK also inhibited tumorigenesis and regulated the expression of cell cycle protein expression levels. Therefore, it was hypothesized that NLK is necessary for cell survival and tumorigenesis in laryngeal cancer cells. Furthermore, the absence of NLK may lead to cancer cell death. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that the lentivirus‑mediated targeted disruption of NLK may be a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Ting Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Li
- Department of Center Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
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18
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Weng H, Wang X, Li M, Wu X, Wang Z, Wu W, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Liu S, Mu J, Cao Y, Shu Y, Bao R, Zhou J, Lu J, Dong P, Gu J, Liu Y. Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (ZFX) is a significant prognostic indicator and promotes cellular malignant potential in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1462-70. [PMID: 26230915 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (ZFX), a novel member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family, has been implicated in multiple human cancers. However, the clinical significance of ZFX expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance, biological function and mechanism of ZFX in GBC, and found that ZFX protein overexpression was frequently detected in GBC tissues. The expression of ZFX was significantly correlated with histological grade, perineural invasion, and margin status and lead to a significantly poorer prognosis in GBC patients(P <0.001). Furthermore, knockdown of ZFX result in significant inhibition of proliferation, migration, invasion and cause cell cycle arrest in GBC-SD cells, while over-expression of ZFX in NOZ shows the opposite results. Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway maybe the potential mechanism behind these effects. In conclusion, ZFX may serve as a oncogene and could be used as a potential prognostic marker and genetic treatment target for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Weng
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Maolan Li
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shibo Liu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yijun Shu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Runfa Bao
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Ping Dong
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jun Gu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- a Department of General Surgery ; Xinhua hospital ; School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiaotong University ; & Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai , P. R. China
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19
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Chen HW, Qiao HY, Li HC, Li ZF, Zhang HJ, Pei L, Liu HW, Jin L, Wang D, Li JL. Prognostic significance of Nemo-like kinase expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8447-53. [PMID: 26022162 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase and belongs to the extracellular signal-regulated kinases/microtubule-associated protein kinase families (Erks/MAPKs). Previous studies have indicated that abnormal expressions of NLK played critical roles in various types of human cancers. Recent studies suggested that NLK expression was significantly upregulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. However, the clinical significance of NLK expression in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance of NLK in HCC and found that high expression of NLK was significantly associated with Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.002), tumor size (P = 0.022), and no. of tumor nodules (P < 0.001), and NLK was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis suggested that NLK expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that NLK expression was an independent prognostic indicator for HCC (P = 0.0370). In conclusion, NLK overexpression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with HCC, it might be an independent poor prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Qiao
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Hong-Chen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Zong-Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Liu Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Jun-Liang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
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Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and is associated with a very poor outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oxymatrine (OM) on gallbladder cancer cells and the possible mechanism of its effects. The effects of OM on the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD and SGC-996) were investigated using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was performed to investigate whether OM could induce apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were evaluated to identify a mechanism for the effects of OM. In addition, the RNA expression of relevant genes was measured by qRT-PCR using the SYBR Green method. Finally, a subcutaneous implantation model was used to verify the effects of OM on tumor growth in vivo. We found that OM inhibited the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells. In addition, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining showed that OM induced apoptosis after 48 h and the ΔΨm decreased in a dose-dependent manner after OM treatment. Moreover, the activation of caspase-3 and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor κB were observed in OM-treated cells. Finally, OM potently inhibited in-vivo tumor growth following subcutaneous inoculation of SGC-996 cells in nude mice. In conclusion, OM treatment reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells, which suggests that this drug may serve as a novel candidate for adjuvant treatment in patients with gallbladder cancer.
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Shu YJ, Weng H, Ye YY, Hu YP, Bao RF, Cao Y, Wang XA, Zhang F, Xiang SS, Li HF, Wu XS, Li ML, Jiang L, Lu W, Han BS, Jie ZG, Liu YB. SPOCK1 as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:12. [PMID: 25623055 PMCID: PMC4320842 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-014-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its prognosis remains poor, with 5-year survival of approximately 5%. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of a novel proteoglycan, Sparc/osteonectin, cwcv, and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1), in the tumor progression and prognosis of human GBC. Methods SPOCK1 expression levels were measured in fresh samples and stored specimens of GBC and adjacent nontumor tissues. The effect of SPOCK1 on cell growth, DNA replication, migration and invasion were explored by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, EdU retention assay, wound healing, and transwell migration assays, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. Results SPOCK1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in human GBC tissues compared with those in nontumor tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that SPOCK1 levels were increased in tumors that became metastatic, compared with those that did not, which was significantly associated with histological differentiation and patients with shorter overall survival periods. Knockdown of SPOCK1 expression by lentivirus-mediated shRNA transduction resulted in significant inhibition of GBC cell growth, colony formation, DNA replication, and invasion in vitro. The knockdown cells also formed smaller xenografted tumors than control GBC cells in nude mice. Overexpression of SPOCK1 had the opposite effects. In addition, SPOCK1 promoted cancer cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the expression of relevant genes. We found that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in the oncogenic functions of SPOCK1 in GBC. Conclusions SPOCK1 activates PI3K/Akt signaling to block apoptosis and promote proliferation and metastasis by GBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Levels of SPOCK1 increase with the progression of human GBC. SPOCK1 acts as an oncogene and may be a prognostic factor or therapeutic target for patients with GBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-014-0276-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Bao-San Han
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Jie
- The Department of General Surgery, First affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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22
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Liu TY, Gong W, Tan ZJ, Lu W, Wu XS, Weng H, Ding Q, Shu YJ, Bao RF, Cao Y, Wang XA, Zhang F, Li HF, Xiang SS, Jiang L, Hu YP, Mu JS, Li ML, Wu WG, Shen BY, Jiang LX, Liu YB. Baicalein inhibits progression of gallbladder cancer cells by downregulating ZFX. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114851. [PMID: 25617627 PMCID: PMC4305301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the precise mechanisms of the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein on gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effects of baicalein and the related mechanism(s) on GBC. In the present study, we found that treatment with baicalein induced a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GBC-SD and SGC996 cells, two widely used gallbladder cancer cell lines. Additionally, treatment with baicalein inhibited the metastasis of GBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that baicalein inhibited GBC cell growth and metastasis via down-regulation of the expression level of Zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX). In conclusion, our studies suggest that baicalein may be a potential phytochemical flavonoid for therapeutics of GBC and ZFX may serve as a molecular marker or predictive target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-ping Hu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bai-Yong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Xin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangyin hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Jiangyin, China
- * E-mail: (YBL); (LXJ)
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- * E-mail: (YBL); (LXJ)
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Control of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by the heterochronic genes and the cellular asymmetry machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E287-96. [PMID: 25561544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422852112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitions between asymmetric (self-renewing) and symmetric (proliferative) cell divisions are robustly regulated in the context of normal development and tissue homeostasis. To genetically assess the regulation of these transitions, we used the postembryonic epithelial stem (seam) cell lineages of Caenorhabditis elegans. In these lineages, the timing of these transitions is regulated by the evolutionarily conserved heterochronic pathway, whereas cell division asymmetry is conferred by a pathway consisting of Wnt (Wingless) pathway components, including posterior pharynx defect (POP-1)/TCF, APC related/adenomatosis polyposis coli (APR-1)/APC, and LIT-1/NLK (loss of intestine/Nemo-like kinase). Here we explore the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying stage-specific transitions between self-renewing and proliferative behavior in the seam cell lineages. We show that mutations of genes in the heterochronic developmental timing pathway, including lin-14 (lineage defect), lin-28, lin-46, and the lin-4 and let-7 (lethal defects)-family microRNAs, affect the activity of LIT-1/POP-1 cellular asymmetry machinery and APR-1 polarity during larval development. Surprisingly, heterochronic mutations that enhance LIT-1 activity in seam cells can simultaneously also enhance the opposing, POP-1 activity, suggesting a role in modulating the potency of the cellular polarizing activity of the LIT-1/POP-1 system as development proceeds. These findings illuminate how the evolutionarily conserved cellular asymmetry machinery can be coupled to microRNA-regulated developmental pathways for robust regulation of stem cell maintenance and proliferation during the course of development. Such genetic interactions between developmental timing regulators and cell polarity regulators could underlie transitions between asymmetric and symmetric stem cell fates in other systems and could be deregulated in the context of developmental disorders and cancer.
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Weng H, Tan ZJ, Hu YP, Shu YJ, Bao RF, Jiang L, Wu XS, Li ML, Ding Q, Wang XA, Xiang SS, Li HF, Cao Y, Tao F, Liu YB. Ursolic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:96. [PMID: 25383044 PMCID: PMC4224689 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ursolic acid (UA), a plant extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits potential anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-tumoral properties of UA against gallbladder carcinoma and investigated the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects on proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Methods The anti-tumor activity of UA against GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells was assessed using MTT and colony formation assays. An annexin V/PI double-staining assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell cycle changes were detected using flow cytometry. Rhodamine 123 staining was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and validate UA’s ability to induce apoptosis in both cell lines. The effectiveness of UA in gallbladder cancer was further verified in vivo by establishing a xenograft GBC model in nude mice. Finally, the expression levels of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Results Our results suggest that UA can significantly inhibit the growth of gallbladder cancer cells. MTT and colony formation assays indicated dose-dependent decreases in cell proliferation. S-phase arrest was observed in both cell lines after treatment with UA. Annexin V/PI staining suggested that UA induced both early and late phases of apoptosis. UA also decreased ΔΨm and altered the expression of molecules regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. In vivo study showed intraperitoneally injection of UA can significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor in nude mice and the inhibition efficiency is dose related. Activation of caspase-3,-9 and PARP indicated that mitochondrial pathways may be involved in UA-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that UA exhibits significant anti-tumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inducing 7cell cycle arrest both in vitro and in vivo. It may be a potential agent for treating gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Feng Tao
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, 312000 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
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25
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Xiang SS, Wang XA, Li HF, Shu YJ, Bao RF, Zhang F, Cao Y, Ye YY, Weng H, Wu WG, Mu JS, Wu XS, Li ML, Hu YP, Jiang L, Tan ZJ, Lu W, Liu F, Liu YB. Schisandrin B induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of gallbladder cancer cells. Molecules 2014; 19:13235-50. [PMID: 25165862 PMCID: PMC6271519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer, with high aggressivity and extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the bile duct. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on gallbladder cancer cells and identify the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. We showed that Sch B inhibited the viability and proliferation of human gallbladder cancer cells in a dose-, time -dependent manner through MTT and colony formation assays, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at a dose-dependent manner through flow cytometry. Flow cytometry assays also revealed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in GBC-SD and NOZ cells. Western blot analysis of Sch B-treated cells revealed the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK-4. Moreover, this drug also inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice carrying subcutaneous NOZ tumor xenografts. These data demonstrated that Sch B induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that Sch B may be a promising drug for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital Nanchang University Emergency Unit, No. 17 Yongwai Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wu XS, Wang XA, Wu WG, Hu YP, Li ML, Ding Q, Weng H, Shu YJ, Liu TY, Jiang L, Cao Y, Bao RF, Mu JS, Tan ZJ, Tao F, Liu YB. MALAT1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells by activating the ERK/MAPK pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:806-14. [PMID: 24658096 PMCID: PMC4049796 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is associated with metastasis and is an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that MALAT1 plays an important role in other malignancies. However, little is known about the role of MALAT1 in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), which is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and has an extremely poor prognosis. In this study, we focused on the expression, biological functions and mechanism of MALAT1 in GBC and found that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in GBC tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of MALAT1 in GBC cell lines using lentivirus-mediated RNA interference significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of the GBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ERK/MAPK pathway was found to be inactivated in the GBC cell lines after MALAT1 knockdown. These results indicated that MALAT1 might serve as an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes proliferation and metastasis of GBC and activates the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia-Sheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; Shaoxing People’s Hospital; Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
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Chen S, Ma Z, Chen X, Zhang J. Prognostic significance of nemo-like kinase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:131-6. [PMID: 24789020 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic malignancy, which is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia and North Africa. Recent studies implicated the critical role of nemo‑like kinase (NLK) in tumor biology. However, the functional role of NLK in NPC has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the significance of NLK positivity in NPC was examined. NLK expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a relatively large sample of patients with NPC (n=352) from December 1, 2002 to December 1, 2009. The correlation between the NLK expression status and clinicopathological features and prognosis was investigated. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were developed to evaluate the association between the NLK status and the relative risks for relapse and mortality. In total, 54% (190/352) of NPC samples were identified as positive for NLK. By contrast, all 176 specimens of adjacent normal tissue were negative for NLK. NLK positivity was associated with tumor extent, regional lymph node status and distant metastases. A Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with NLK‑positive NPC exhibited significantly shorter disease‑free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that NLK positivity was an unfavorable prognostic indicator of DFS and OS in NPC, independent of other features. Additionally, NLK‑positive patients with NPC without distant metastases were more likely to relapse compared with NLK‑negative patients with NPC without distant metastases. The present study indicates that NLK is a good prognostic marker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Size Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Wu XS, Wang XA, Wu WG, Hu YP, Li ML, Ding Q, Weng H, Shu YJ, Liu TY, Jiang L, Cao Y, Bao RF, Mu JS, Tan ZJ, Tao F, Liu YB. MALAT1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder cancer cells by activating the ERK/MAPK pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2014. [PMID: 24658096 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.2858428584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is associated with metastasis and is an independent prognostic factor for lung cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that MALAT1 plays an important role in other malignancies. However, little is known about the role of MALAT1 in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), which is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and has an extremely poor prognosis. In this study, we focused on the expression, biological functions and mechanism of MALAT1 in GBC and found that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in GBC tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Knockdown of MALAT1 in GBC cell lines using lentivirus-mediated RNA interference significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of the GBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ERK/MAPK pathway was found to be inactivated in the GBC cell lines after MALAT1 knockdown. These results indicated that MALAT1 might serve as an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes proliferation and metastasis of GBC and activates the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Run-Fa Bao
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia-Sheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhu-Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; Shaoxing People's Hospital; Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery; Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biliary Tract Disease; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
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Triptolide induces s phase arrest and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells. Molecules 2014; 19:2612-28. [PMID: 24566325 PMCID: PMC6271823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, with a very low 5-year survival rate and extremely poor prognosis. Thus, new effective treatments and drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of this malignancy. In this study, for the first time we investigated the effects of triptolide on gallbladder cancer cells and identified the mechanisms underlying its potential anticancer effects. The MTT assay showed that triptolide decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results of the colony formation assay indicated that triptolide strongly suppressed colony formation ability in GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that triptolide induced S phase arrest in gallbladder cancer cells. In addition, triptolide induced apoptosis, as shown by the results of annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining and Hoechst 33342 staining. Furthermore, triptolide decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, western blot analysis of triptolide-treated cells revealed the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, and Bcl-2; this result demonstrated that triptolide induced apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and suggests that triptolide may be a promising drug to treat gallbladder carcinoma.
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Shen Q, Bae HJ, Eun JW, Kim HS, Park SJ, Shin WC, Lee EK, Park S, Park WS, Lee JY, Nam SW. MiR-101 functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting nemo-like kinase in liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:204-11. [PMID: 24189458 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase-related kinase, has been reported to be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms leading to oncogenic NLK are poorly understood. A comprehensive microRNA (miRNA) profiling analysis on human HCC tissues identified four downregulated miRNAs that may target NLK. Ectopic expression of miRNA mimics suggested that miR-101 could suppress NLK in HCC cells. Notably, ectopic miR-101 expression repressed cancer cell growth and proliferation and imitated NLK knockdown effect on HCC cells. In conclusion, we suggest that miR-101 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating abnormal NLK activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Shen
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chan Shin
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soha Park
- Techno-Art Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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State-of-the-art in the management of locally advanced and metastatic gallbladder cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:425-31. [PMID: 23635800 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e3283620fd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), classified as a biliary tract cancer (BTC) along with intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, is a rare disease in Western countries, but a highly prevalent disease in Chile, other countries in Latin America, India and Japan. It commonly presents at an advanced stage, and has limited therapeutic options. Cisplatin/gemcitabine has emerged as the first-line standard of care for patients with advanced BTCs, but the prognosis remains poor. Development of molecularly targeted therapies in advanced BTC remains challenging. RECENT FINDINGS Comprehension of the molecular events in gallbladder carcinogenesis may provide a novel targeted therapeutic approach, and early stage clinical trials with targeted therapies appear promising, although the relationship between subsets of patients with positive responses to therapy and tumor genetics requires further exploration. Recent developments in targeted therapeutics, directed against several key signalling pathways in BTC, including epidermal growth factor receptor, angiogenesis, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway will be discussed, in addition to the potential application of prognostic factors and markers. SUMMARY The future therapeutic spectrum for BTC and GBC will likely encompass novel combinations of targeted therapies with cytostatics in scientifically and molecularly directed schedules, thus permitting fewer mechanisms of escape for tumor cells.
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Tan Z, Zhang S, Li M, Wu X, Weng H, Ding Q, Cao Y, Bao R, Shu Y, Mu J, Ding Q, Wu W, Yang J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Regulation of cell proliferation and migration in gallbladder cancer by zinc finger X-chromosomal protein. Gene 2013; 528:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu XS, Shi LB, Li ML, Ding Q, Weng H, Wu WG, Cao Y, Bao RF, Shu YJ, Ding QC, Mu JS, Gu J, Dong P, Liu YB. Evaluation of two inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with resectable gallbladder carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:449-57. [PMID: 24081806 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival after surgery for gallbladder cancer is generally poor. A number of inflammation-based prognostic scores have been established to help predict survival after surgery for several types of cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the utility of two inflammation-based prognostic scores, the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), for predicting survival in patients with gallbladder cancer after surgery with curative intent. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 85 patients with histologically confirmed, resectable gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), who were to receive curative surgery in our department. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables to overall survival (OS). RESULTS A significant difference was detected in OS in patients with low and high GPS and NLR scores. Univariate analyses using clinicopathological characteristics revealed that tumor differentiation; tumor invasion; lymph node metastasis; tumor, node, metastasis classification system stage; positive margin status; combined common bile duct resection; serum levels of C-reactive protein, albumin, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA125; white blood cell count; and GPS and NLR were all associated with OS. Among these characteristics, multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high GPS was independently associated with poorer OS, together with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and positive margin status. CONCLUSIONS GPS is superior to NLR with respect to its prognostic value for patients with GBC after surgery with curative intent. GPS is not only associated with tumor progression but is also an independent marker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang B, Wu X, Weng H, Ding Q, Tan Z, Zhang N, Mu J, Yang J, Shu Y, Bao R, Ding Q, Wu W, Cao Y, Liu Y. Prognostic significance of nemo-like kinase (NLK) expression in patients with gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3995-4000. [PMID: 23857283 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been implicated in tumor development and progression, and plays an important role in diverse signaling pathways by phosphorylating a variety of transcription factors. Recent studies demonstrated that altered expression of NLK was observed in various types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of NLK expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance of NLK in GBC, and found that nuclear NLK protein overexpression was frequently detected in GBC tissues. The overexpression of NLK was significantly correlated with histological grade, TNM stage, and perineural invasion. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a high expression level of NLK resulted in a significantly poorer prognosis of GBC patients (P = 0.002). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high NLK expression was an independent prognostic factor for GBC patients (HR = 3.077). In conclusion, overexpression of NLK is closely related to progression of GBC, and NLK could be used as a potential prognostic marker for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Li
- Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Liu TY, Tan ZJ, Jiang L, Gu JF, Wu XS, Cao Y, Li ML, Wu KJ, Liu YB. Curcumin induces apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:64. [PMID: 23802572 PMCID: PMC3733655 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a very low 5-year survival rate because of the difficulty with its early diagnosis and the very poor prognosis of the advanced cancer state. The aims of this study were to determine whether curcumin could induce the apoptosis of a gallbladder carcinoma cell line, GBC-SD, and to clarify its related mechanism. Methods First, the anti-proliferative activities of curcumin-treated and untreated GBC-SD cells were determined using the MTT and colony formation assays. Then, the early apoptosis of cells was detected by the annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay and Hoechst 33342 staining assay. Detection of mitochondrial membrane potential was used to validate the ability of curcumin on inducing apoptosis in GBC-SD cells. Cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Finally, the expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins or genes caspase-3, PARP, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real time PCR assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test for comparison of the results obtained from cells with or without curcumin treatment. Results The MTT assay revealed that curcumin had induced a dose- and a time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Colony counting indicated that curcumin had induced a dose-dependent decrease in the colony formation ability in GBC-SD cells. Cells treated with curcumin were arrested at the S phase, according to the flow cytometric analysis. A significant induction of both the early and late phases of apoptosis was shown by the annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Morphological changes in apoptotic cells were also found by the Hoechst 33342 staining. After treatment with curcumin fluorescence shifted from red to green as ΔΨm decreased. Furthermore, western blot and quantitative real time PCR assays demonstrated that the curcumin induced apoptosis in GBC-SD cells by regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and activating the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions Taken together, the results indicate that curcumin may be a potential agent for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Li ML, Wang XF, Tan ZJ, Dong P, Gu J, Lu JH, Wu XS, Zhang L, Ding QC, Wu WG, Rao LH, Mu JS, Yang JH, Weng H, Ding Q, Zhang WJ, Chen L, Liu YB. Ethyl pyruvate administration suppresses growth and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells via downregulation of HMGB1-RAGE axis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 25:955-65. [PMID: 23298486 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box B1 (HMGB1)-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) axis has been previously known to be involved in carcinogenesis and development of multiple malignancies. Some studies have confirmed that Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a potent inhibitor of HMGB1, exerts the therapeutic effects on metastatic live tumor from gastric cancer. However, the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of EP on gallbladder cancer (GBC) need to be further explored. In the present study, human GBC cell lines (GBC-SD and SGC-996) were treated with different concentrations of EP. Then, the expression levels of HMGB1, RAGE and some transcription factors were identified by Real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Cell proliferative activities indicated by MTT assay, invasive potential by Transwell assay and cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were performed for functional analysis of GBC cell lines in vitro. As a result, EP decreased the expression of HMGB11, RAGE, PCNA and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), while it increased the expression of p53. Moreover, EP administration decreased GBC cell proliferation, inhibited the invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in S phase in GBC cells. In conclusion, EP administration inhibits growth and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells possibly via down-regulation of the HMGB1-RAGE axis, suggesting that EP may play a critical role in the treatment of cancer in conjunction with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang B, Li KY, Chen HY, Pan SD, Chen SF, Zhang WF, Xia CP, Jiang LC, Liu XB, Zhao FJ, Yuan DY, Wang LX, Wu YP, Liu SW. Lentivirus-based RNA silencing of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) inhibits the CAL 27 human adenosquamos carcinoma cells proliferation and blocks G0/G1 phase to S phase. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1301-6. [PMID: 23983589 PMCID: PMC3753414 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that involved in a number of signaling pathways regulating cell fate. Variation of NLK has been shown to be associated with the risk of cancer. However, the function of NLK in oral adenosquamous carcinoma cells line CAL-27 is unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the function of NLK in CAL-27 cells by using lentivirus-mediated RNA silence. The targeted gene expression, cell proliferation and cell cycle are investigated by RT-PCR, western-blot, MTT method, colony forming assay and flow cytometry analysis respectively. RESULTS After NLK silencing, the number of colonies was significantly reduced (54 ± 5 colonies/well compared with 262 ± 18 colonies/well in non-infected or 226 ± 4 colonies/well in negative control group (sequence not related to NLK sequence with mismatched bases). Using crystal violet staining, we also found that the cell number per colony was dramatically reduced. The RNA silencing of NLK blocks the G0/G1 phase to S phase progression during the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NLK silencing by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference would be a potential therapeutic method to control oral squamous carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan Shandong, 250012, P R China
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