1
|
Gola M, Stefaniak P, Godlewski J, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Starzyńska A. Prospects of POLD1 in Human Cancers: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061905. [PMID: 36980791 PMCID: PMC10047664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, exceeded only by cardiovascular disease. Despite the introduction of several survival-prolonging treatment modalities, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the overall prognosis for the metastatic disease remains challenging. Therefore, the identification of new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to cancer diagnosis and prognosis is of paramount importance. DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1), a catalytic and proofreading subunit of the DNA polymerase δ complex, performs a crucial role in DNA replication and repair processes. Recently, germline and somatic mutations of the POLD1 gene have been acknowledged in several malignancies. Moreover, diversified POLD1 expression profiles have been reported in association with clinicopathological features in a variety of tumor types. With this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the role of POLD1 in cancers. In addition, we discuss the future prospects and clinical applications of the assessment of POLD1 mutation and expression patterns in tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gola
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemysław Stefaniak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. From cue to meaning: The involvement of POLD1 gene in DNA replication, repair and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111790. [PMID: 36764464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an extremely complex biological process. Aging, cancer and inflammation represent a trinity, object of many interesting researches. The accumulation of DNA damage and its consequences progressively interfere with cellular function and increase susceptibility to developing aging condition. DNA Polymerase delta (Pol δ), encoded by POLD1 gene (MIM#174761) on 19q13.3, is well implicated in many steps of the replication program and repair. Thanks to its exonuclease and polymerase activities, the enzyme is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage repair processes. Damaging variants within the exonuclease domain predispose to cancers, while those occurring in the polymerase active site cause the autosomal dominant Progeroid Syndrome called MDPL, Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness and Progeroid features with concomitant Lipodystrophy Since DNA damage represents the main cause of ageing and age-related pathologies, an overview of critical Pol δ activities will allow to better understand the associations between DNA damage and nearly every aspect of the ageing process, helping the researchers to counteract all the ageing-pathologies at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; University of Nevada, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, USA; Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The microbiota and aging microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: Cell origin and fate. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Cheong A, Nagel ZD. Human Variation in DNA Repair, Immune Function, and Cancer Risk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899574. [PMID: 35935942 PMCID: PMC9354717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage constantly threatens genome integrity, and DNA repair deficiency is associated with increased cancer risk. An intuitive and widely accepted explanation for this relationship is that unrepaired DNA damage leads to carcinogenesis due to the accumulation of mutations in somatic cells. But DNA repair also plays key roles in the function of immune cells, and immunodeficiency is an important risk factor for many cancers. Thus, it is possible that emerging links between inter-individual variation in DNA repair capacity and cancer risk are driven, at least in part, by variation in immune function, but this idea is underexplored. In this review we present an overview of the current understanding of the links between cancer risk and both inter-individual variation in DNA repair capacity and inter-individual variation in immune function. We discuss factors that play a role in both types of variability, including age, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. In conclusion, we propose a research paradigm that incorporates functional studies of both genome integrity and the immune system to predict cancer risk and lay the groundwork for personalized prevention.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gladys B, René W, Anabelle D, Ahmad M, Caroline F, Etienne S, Deniz K, Valerie B, Anick C, Jean-Paul M, Benoît M, Philippe K, Isabelle M. Child to adulthood clinical description of MDPL syndrome due to a novel variant in POLD1. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104333. [PMID: 34517090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid features, and Lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in POLD1 gene and characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy. One recurrent mutation p.(Ser605del) was reported in almost all affected patients. We report a novel de novo c.3214A>C p.(Thr1072Pro) variant in POLD1 in a 28-year-old male with MDPL syndrome. We provide a clinical description, molecular/immunohistological results, and literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Battisti Gladys
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wintjens René
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decottignies Anabelle
- Telomeres Research Group, Genetic & Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Merhi Ahmad
- IPG BioBank and Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique/Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fervaille Caroline
- Department of Anatomopathology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Sokal Etienne
- UCLouvain, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, 10 Av Hippocrate, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Karadurmus Deniz
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Valerie
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Claessens Anick
- Department of Endocrinology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Martinet Jean-Paul
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Martiat Benoît
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Kinzinger Philippe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Maystadt Isabelle
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Unamur, Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Chinese girl with mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) diagnosed via POLD1 mutation detection. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2009-2011. [PMID: 32826474 PMCID: PMC7462222 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
7
|
Hou Y, Song Q, Gao S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu J, Fu J, Cao M, Wang P. CTCF Mediates Replicative Senescence Through POLD1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618586. [PMID: 33692996 PMCID: PMC7937641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ, plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and DNA repair processes. Moreover, POLD1 is downregulated in replicative senescence to mediate aging. In any case, the components of age-related downregulation of POLD1 expression have not been fully explained. In this article, we elucidate the mechanism of the regulation of POLD1 at the transcription level and found that the transcription factor CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was bound to the POLD1 promoter area in two sites. The binding level of CTCF for the POLD1 promoter appeared to be related to aging and was confirmed to be positively controlled by the CTCF level. Additionally, cell senescence characteristics were detected within the cells transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-CTCF, pLenti-CMV-CTCF, shRNA-POLD1, and pLenti-CMV-POLD1, and the results showed that the CTCF may contribute to the altered expression of POLD1 in aging. In conclusion, the binding level of CTCF for the POLD1 promoter intervened by an age-related decrease in CTCF and downregulated the POLD1 expression in aging. Moreover, the decrease in CTCF-mediated POLD1 transcription accelerates the progression of cell aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Fu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao S, Song Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Ji X, Wang P. E2F1 mediates the downregulation of POLD1 in replicative senescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2833-2850. [PMID: 30895337 PMCID: PMC6588650 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA Pol δ, plays an important role in DNA synthesis and DNA damage repair, and POLD1 is downregulated in replicative senescence and mediates cell aging. However, the mechanisms of age-related downregulation of POLD1 expression have not been elucidated. In this study, four potential CpG islands in the POLD1 promoter were found, and the methylation levels of the POLD1 promoter were increased in aging 2BS cells, WI-38 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially at a single site, CpG 36, in CpG island 3. Then, the transcription factor E2F1 was observed to bind to these sites. The binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter was found to show age-related attenuation and was confirmed to be positively regulated by the E2F1 level and negatively regulated by POLD1 promoter methylation. Moreover, cell senescence characteristics were observed in the cells transfected with shRNA-E2F1 and could contribute to the downregulation of POLD1 induced by the E2F1 decline. Collectively, these results indicated that the attenuation of the binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter, mediated by an age-related decline in E2F1 and increased methylation of CpG island 3, downregulates POLD1 expression in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao S, Zhang X, Song Q, Liu J, Ji X, Wang P. POLD1 deficiency is involved in cognitive function impairment in AD patients and SAMP8 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108833. [PMID: 30978525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes such as increased oxidative stress and DNA damage are important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to clarify the role of POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ, in neurodegeneration symptoms of AD. POLD1 expression levels were evaluated in patients with different neurodegenerative diseases by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The impairment of cognitive ability in AD patients and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were evaluated by MMSE/MoCA score and Morris water maze (MWM) test. We found that serum concentration and expression levels of POLD1 in lymphocytes were reduced in AD patients. The cognitive impairment in AD patients and SAMP8 mice was associated with reduced POLD1 expression. In addition, POLD1 knockdown led to premature senescence and increased DNA damage in primary neuronal cells of SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, this is the first study suggesting that the deficiency of POLD1 may aggravate AD progression, and POLD1 is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fiorillo C, D'Apice MR, Trucco F, Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, Assereto S, Baratto S, Morcaldi G, Minetti C, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. Characterization of MDPL Fibroblasts Carrying the Recurrent p.Ser605del Mutation in POLD1 Gene. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:1061-1067. [PMID: 30388038 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, and progeroid features, with concomitant lipodystrophy, define a multisystem disorder named MDPL syndrome. MDPL has been associated with heterozygous mutations in POLD1 gene resulting in loss of DNA polymerase δ activity. In this study, we report clinical, genetic, and cellular studies of a 13-year-old Pakistani girl, presenting growth retardation, sensorineural deafness, altered distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and insulin resistance. We performed Sanger sequencing of POLD1 gene in the proband and the healthy parents. Fibroblasts obtained from dermal biopsy were evaluated for the specific hallmarks of cellular senescence and for their response to the DNA-induced damage. Patient carried the recurrent heterozygous de novo in frame deletion (c.1812_1814delCTC, p.Ser605del ) within POLD1 gene, previously detected in 16 MDPL patients. In patient's fibroblasts we observed severe nuclear envelope anomalies, presence of micronuclei, accumulation of prelamin A, altered cell growth, and cellular senescence. In addition, we observed a persistence of DNA damage after cisplatin exposure, compared to control cells. In conclusion, the MDPL nuclear and cellular findings resemble features observed in other progeroid syndromes and familial lipodystrophies. Although further investigations will be necessary, these information could be used to establish targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fiorillo
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Trucco
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Assereto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Morcaldi
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nicolas E, Golemis EA, Arora S. POLD1: Central mediator of DNA replication and repair, and implication in cancer and other pathologies. Gene 2016; 590:128-41. [PMID: 27320729 PMCID: PMC4969162 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved human polymerase delta (POLD1) gene encodes the large p125 subunit which provides the essential catalytic activities of polymerase δ (Polδ), mediated by 5′–3′ DNA polymerase and 3′–5′ exonuclease moieties. POLD1 associates with three smaller subunits (POLD2, POLD3, POLD4), which together with Replication Factor C and Proliferating Nuclear Cell Antigen constitute the polymerase holoenzyme. Polδ function is essential for replication, with a primary role as the replicase for the lagging strand. Polδ also has an important proofreading ability conferred by the exonuclease activity, which is critical for ensuring replicative fidelity, but also serves to repair DNA lesions arising as a result of exposure to mutagens. Polδ has been shown to be important for multiple forms of DNA repair, including nucleotide excision repair, double strand break repair, base excision repair, and mismatch repair. A growing number of studies in the past decade have linked germline and sporadic mutations in POLD1 and the other subunits of Polδ with human pathologies. Mutations in Polδ in mice and humans lead to genomic instability, mutator phenotype and tumorigenesis. The advent of genome sequencing techniques has identified damaging mutations in the proofreading domain of POLD1 as the underlying cause of some inherited cancers, and suggested that mutations in POLD1 may influence therapeutic management. In addition, mutations in POLD1 have been identified in the developmental disorders of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy and atypical Werner syndrome, while changes in expression or activity of POLD1 have been linked to senescence and aging. Intriguingly, some recent evidence suggests that POLD1 function may also be altered in diabetes. We provide an overview of critical Polδ activities in the context of these pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lessel D, Hisama FM, Szakszon K, Saha B, Sanjuanelo AB, Salbert BA, Steele PD, Baldwin J, Brown WT, Piussan C, Plauchu H, Szilvássy J, Horkay E, Högel J, Martin GM, Herr AJ, Oshima J, Kubisch C. POLD1 Germline Mutations in Patients Initially Diagnosed with Werner Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1070-9. [PMID: 26172944 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ. A prototypic example is the Werner syndrome (WS), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the Werner helicase gene (WRN). While heterozygous lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations are found in a few nonclassical cases of WS, another 10%-15% of patients initially diagnosed with WS do not have mutations in WRN or LMNA. Germline POLD1 mutations were recently reported in five patients with another segmental progeroid disorder: mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features syndrome. Here, we describe eight additional patients with heterozygous POLD1 mutations, thereby substantially expanding the characterization of this new example of segmental progeroid disorders. First, we identified POLD1 mutations in patients initially diagnosed with WS. Second, we describe POLD1 mutation carriers without clinically relevant hearing impairment or mandibular underdevelopment, both previously thought to represent obligate diagnostic features. These patients also exhibit a lower incidence of metabolic abnormalities and joint contractures. Third, we document postnatal short stature and premature greying/loss of hair in POLD1 mutation carriers. We conclude that POLD1 germline mutations can result in a variably expressed and probably underdiagnosed segmental progeroid syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - W Ted Brown
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York
| | | | - Henri Plauchu
- Département de Génétique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69977, Bron CEDEX, France
| | - Judit Szilvássy
- Department of Oto-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan J Herr
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song J, Hong P, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang P. Human POLD1 modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 16:14. [PMID: 26087769 PMCID: PMC4471906 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-015-0044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The activity of eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) plays an essential role in genome stability through its effects on DNA replication and repair. The p125 catalytic subunit of Pol δ is encoded by POLD1 gene in human cells. To clarify biological functions of POLD1, we investigated the effects of POLD1 overexpression or downregulation on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA synthesis and oxidative DNA damage induced by H2O2. Methods HEK293 cells were transfected with POLD1 expression plasmid or shRNA, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and DNA synthesis in HEK293 cells were analyzed. Results HEK293 cells were transfected with POLD1 expression plasmid or shRNA. POLD1 downregulation by shRNA suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and DNA synthesis in HEK293 cells. However, POLD1 overexpression had no significant effects on these processes. Finally, comet assay showed that POLD1 downregulation led to increased DNA damage. Conclusions Our results suggest that human POLD1 plays important role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ping Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chengeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Peichang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wenger B, Schwegler M, Brunner M, Daniel C, Schmidt M, Fietkau R, Distel LV. PML-nuclear bodies decrease with age and their stress response is impaired in aged individuals. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:42. [PMID: 24694011 PMCID: PMC3992156 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) have been depicted as structures which are involved in processing cell damages and DNA double-strand break repairs. The study was designed to evaluate differences in patients’ PML-NBs response to stress factors like a cancerous disease and ionizing radiation exposure dependent on age. Methods In order to clarify the role of PML-NBs in the aging process, we examined peripheral blood monocytes of 134 cancer patients and 41 healthy individuals between 22 and 92 years of age, both before and after in vitro irradiation. Additionally, we analyzed the samples of the cancer patients after in vivo irradiation. Cells were immunostained and about 1600 cells per individual were analyzed for the presence of PML- and γH2AX foci. Results The number of existing PML-NBs per nucleus declined with age, while the number of γH2AX foci increased with age. There was a non-significant trend that in vivo irradiation increased the number of PML-NBs in cells of young study participants, while in older individuals PML-NBs tended to decrease. It can be assumed that PML-NBs decrease in number during the process of aging. Conclusion The findings suggest that there is a dysfunctional PML-NBs stress response in aged cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 27, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|