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Wu Q, Huang C, Chen R, Li D, Zhang G, Yu H, Li Y, Song B, Zhang N, Li B, Chu X. Transcriptional and functional analysis of plasma exosomal microRNAs in acute viral myocarditis. Genomics 2024; 116:110775. [PMID: 38163573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the differential expression profiles of exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) and reveal their potential functions in patients with acute viral myocarditis (AVMC). MATERIALS & METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 9 patients diagnosed with AVMC and 9 healthy controls (HC) in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 2021 to September 2022. The exosomal miRNA expression were tested using RNA high-throughput sequencing. We conducted the GO and KEGG functional analysis to predict the potential molecular, biological functions and related signaling pathways of miRNAs in exosomes. Target genes of exosomal miRNAs were predicted and miRNA-target gene network was mapped using gene databases. Differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were selected and their expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the sequencing results. RESULTS P < 0.05 and Fold Change>2 were considered as cut-off value to screen miRNAs that were differently expressed. This study identified 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated exosome-derived miRNAs. GO and KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed miRNAs may be related to β-catenin binding, DNA transcription activities, ubiquitin ligase, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, P53, MAPK, and etc.. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using gene databases. Real-time PCR confirmed the upregulation of hsa-miR-548a-3p and downregulation of hsa-miR-500b-5p in AVMC. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-548a-3p and hsa-miR-500b-5p could serve as a promising biomarker of AVMC. Exosomal miRNAs may have substantial roles in the mechanisms of AVMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bingxue Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xianming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China; The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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2
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Cui B, Song L, Wang Q, Li K, He Q, Wu X, Gao F, Liu M, An C, Gao Q, Hu C, Hao X, Dong F, Zhou J, Liu D, Song Z, Yan X, Zhang J, Bai Y, Mao Q, Yang X, Liang Z. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) oncolysis using coxsackievirus B5 and synergistic DNA-damage response inhibitors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37743418 PMCID: PMC10518312 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous in-depth study of the interaction mechanism between viruses and hosts, the virus has become a promising tool in cancer treatment. In fact, many oncolytic viruses with selectivity and effectiveness have been used in cancer therapy. Human enterovirus is one of the most convenient sources to generate oncolytic viruses, however, the high seroprevalence of some enteroviruses limits its application which urges to exploit more oncolytic enteroviruses. In this study, coxsackievirus B5/Faulkner (CV-B5/F) was screened for its potential oncolytic effect against non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) through inducing apoptosis and autophagy. For refractory NSCLCs, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) or ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) inhibitors can synergize with CV-B5/F to promote refractory cell death. Here, we showed that viral infection triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pro-apoptosis and autophagy signals, whereas repair for double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) contributed to cell survival which can be antagonized by inhibitor-induced cell death, manifesting exacerbated DSBs, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mechanistically, PERK pathway was activated by the combination of CV-B5/F and inhibitor, and the irreversible ER stress-induced exacerbated cell death. Furthermore, the degradation of activated STING by ERphagy promoted viral replication. Meanwhile, no treatment-related deaths due to CV-B5/F and/or inhibitors occurred. Conclusively, our study identifies an oncolytic CV-B5/F and the synergistic effects of inhibitors of DNA-PK or ATM, which is a potential therapy for NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Hu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Hao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang X, Meng F, Xia L, Zhang H. Advances in Stigmasterol on its anti-tumor effect and mechanism of action. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1101289. [PMID: 36578938 PMCID: PMC9791061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol is a phytosterol derived from multiple herbaceous plants such as herbs, soybean and tobacco, and it has received much attention for its various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidization, and lowering blood cholesterol. Multiple studies have revealed that stigmasterol holds promise as a potentially beneficial therapeutic agent for malignant tumors because of its significant anti-tumor bioactivity. It is reported that stigmasterol has anti-tumor effect in a variety of malignancies (e.g., breast, lung, liver and ovarian cancers) by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and invasion, and inducing autophagy in tumor cells. Mechanistic study shows that stigmasterol triggers apoptosis in tumor cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, while its anti-proliferative activity is mainly dependent on its modulatory effect on cyclin proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). There have been multiple mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effect of stigmasterol, which make stigmasterol promising as a new anti-tumor agent and provide insights into research on its anti-tumor role. Presently, stigmasterol has been poorly understood, and there is a paucity of systemic review on the mechanism underlying its anti-tumor effect. The current study attempts to conduct a literature review on stigmasterol for its anti-tumor effect to provide reference for researchers and clinical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayun Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Lei Xia,
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Lei Xia,
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Anti-tumor effects of cryptotanshinone (C 19H 20O 3) in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112993. [PMID: 35462337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor and occurs most commonly in the adolescent and young adult population. Despite the recent advances in surgeries and chemotherapy, the overall survival in patients with resectable metastases is around 20%. This challenge in osteosarcoma is often attributed to the drastic differences in the tumorigenic profiles and mutations among patients. With diverse mutations and multiple oncogenes, it is necessary to identify the therapies that can attack various mutations and simultaneously have minor side-effects. In this paper, we constructed the osteosarcoma pathway from literature and modeled it using ordinary differential equations. We then simulated this network for every possible gene mutation and their combinations and ranked different drug combinations based on their efficacy to drive a mutated osteosarcoma network towards cell death. Our theoretical results predict that drug combinations with Cryptotanshinone (C19H20O3), a traditional Chinese herb derivative, have the best overall performance. Specifically, Cryptotanshinone in combination with Temsirolimus inhibit the JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and induce cell death in tumor cells. We corroborated our theoretical predictions using wet-lab experiments on SaOS2, 143B, G292, and HU03N1 human osteosarcoma cell lines, thereby demonstrating the potency of Cryptotanshinone in fighting osteosarcoma.
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Zhou J, Xu J, Li P, Sun S, Kadier Y, Zhou S, Cheng A. Necroptosis and Viral Myocarditis: Tumor Necrosis Factor α as a Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Viral Myocarditis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826904. [PMID: 35602592 PMCID: PMC9114881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), including necroptosis, has emerged as a significant pathway in cardiovascular diseases. The infection of viral myocarditis (VMC) could cause cardiomyocytes degeneration, necrosis, and immune-inflammatory myocardial response. In this review, we summarized and evaluated the available evidence on the pathogenesis, molecule mechanism, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies of viral myocarditis, with a special focus on the novel mechanism of necroptosis for cardiomyocytes death. Studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important cytokine involved in the activation of necroptosis; an elevated level of TNF-α is continually reported in patients suffering from VMC, implicating its involvement in the pathogenesis of VMC. It is of great interest to explore the clinical implication of TNF-α. We subsequently conducted a meta-analysis on the efficacy of serum TNF-α expression level and its diagnostic accuracy on acute viral myocarditis detection. Taken together, the review demonstrates a compelling role of necroptosis involved in the pathogenesis of VMC. Further, applying TNF-α as a serological marker for the diagnosis of VMC may be a useful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Li
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Shiying Zhou
- Hotan District People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijuan Cheng
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Aijuan Cheng,
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Li X, Zhao J, Yan T, Mu J, Lin Y, Chen J, Deng H, Meng X. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cisplatin inhibit proliferation and downregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cervical cancer cells. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2700-2712. [PMID: 33908630 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have been increasingly investigated as substances enhancing the effect of drugs and reducing drug-related adverse reactions. The objective of this study was to determine how a combination of cisplatin (DDP) with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) affected malignancy features of cervical cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the proliferation of HeLa cells treated with 5 µg/ml DDP, 400 µg/ml C3G, or a combination of both (5 µg/ml DDP and 400 µg/ml C3G) was inhibited by 17.43%, 34.98%, and 63.38%, respectively. The IC50 values for DDP and the DDP/C3G combination treatments in HeLa cells were 18.53 and 6.435 µg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that treatment with DDP, C3G, or the combination induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, after treatment, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 levels decreased; Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p53, and TIMP-1 were activated; and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was modulated. These anticancer effects were enhanced in cells treated with the combination of DDP and C3G compared to those treated with DDP or C3G alone. Our study indicates that C3G increases the antitumor activity of DDP, suggesting a potential strategy to reduce adverse effects associated with chemotherapy in cervical cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Natural biologically active food ingredients are suggested to have a potential to enhance the effect of chemotherapy in cancer. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it revealed, for the first time, that C3G could increase the antitumor activity of DDP, suggesting a potential strategy to reduce adverse effects associated with chemotherapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingcai Yan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Deng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Wang M, Lin Y, Zhou S. Stigmasterol Simultaneously Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629008. [PMID: 33708631 PMCID: PMC7940753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stigmasterol (SS) has been proven to possess potential anticancer activities in several cancer cell lines, but its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we investigated whether SS has the capabilities of inducing autophagy and its molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer cells. Methods We used CCK8 assay, clone formation assay, and EdU proliferation assay to assess the effects of SS on cell proliferation in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in vitro, and its inhibition on the tumor growth of gastric cancer was observed in vivo. Apoptosis induced by SS was demonstrated using Hoechst and TUNEL staining, annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Immunofluorescence staining is used to detect the formation of autophagosomes triggered by SS. Apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were analyzed by western blot. Results The results indicated that SS treatment inhibited cell proliferation in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. Furthermore, SS treatment induced apoptosis and autophagy by blocking Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 could promote apoptosis and autophagy induced by SS, predicting that Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in SS-induced apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, blockade of autophagy with 3-MA (an inhibitor of autophagy) enhanced SS-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells, implying that autophagy mediated by SS plays a cytoprotective role against apoptosis. Finally, an in vivo study demonstrated that tumor growth of gastric cancer was suppressed by SS in a xenograft model. Conclusion Our findings illustrate for the first time that SS simultaneously induces apoptosis and protective autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway in gastric cancer cells, and SS may become a potential anticancer drug in treating gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huange Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Schools of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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He L, Sun Z, Li J, Zhu R, Niu B, Tam KL, Xiao Q, Li J, Wang W, Tsui CY, Hong Lee VW, So KF, Xu Y, Ramakrishna S, Zhou Q, Chiu K. Electrical stimulation at nanoscale topography boosts neural stem cell neurogenesis through the enhancement of autophagy signaling. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120585. [PMID: 33307364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation at the injury site of central nerve system (CNS) makes it possible for neuroregeneration. Long-term cell survival and low proliferation, differentiation, and migration rates of NSCs-graft have been the most challenging aspect on NSCs application. New multichannel electrical stimulation (ES) device was designed to enhance neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation into mature neurons. Compared to controls, ES at nanoscale topography enhanced the expression of mature neuronal marker, growth of the neurites, concentration of BDNF and electrophysiological activity. RNA sequencing analysis validated that ES promoted NSC-derived neuronal differentiation through enhancing autophagy signaling. Emerging evidences showed that insufficient or excessive autophagy contributes to neurite degeneration. Excessive ES current were able to enhance neuronal autophagy, the neuronal cells showed poor viability, reduced neurite outgrowth and electrophysiological activity. Well-controlled autophagy not only protects against neurodegeneration, but also regulates neurogenesis. Current NSC treatment protocol efficiently enhanced NSC differentiation, maturation and survival through combination of proper ES condition followed by balance of autophagy level in the cell culture system. The successful rate of such protreated NSC at injured CNS site should be significantly improved after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liumin He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhongqing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ka Long Tam
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chi Ying Tsui
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Vincent Wing Hong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Wu Z, Li X, Guo D, Li P, Zhang Y, Zou D, Wang X, Xu J, Wu X, Shen Y, Li Y, Yao L, Li L, Xiao L, Song B, Ma J, Liu X, Xu S, Xu X, Zhang H, Zheng L, Cao H. Lipid raft-associated PI3K/Akt/SREBP1 signaling regulates coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) replication. Vet Microbiol 2020; 252:108921. [PMID: 33191001 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of predominant Enterovirus that possesses high pathogenicity. Lipid rafts, as cholesterol - and sphingolipid - enriched membrane nanodomains, are involved into many aspects of the virus life cycle. Our previous study found that lipid rafts integrity was essential for CA16 replication, but how lipid rafts regulate CA16 replication through activating downstream signaling remains largely unknown. Thus, in this study, we revealed that lipid rafts were required for activation of PI3K/Akt signaling at early stage of CA16 infection. Treatment with wortmannin significantly reduced the expression of virus protein, indicating PI3K/Akt signaling was beneficial for early stage of virus infection. In addition, lipid rafts integrity was also indispensable for PI3K/Akt activation during the late stage of CA16 infection, which played critical functions in mediating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) maturation. Whereas, over-expression of SREBP1 exhibited inhibition on virus replication, suggesting that PI3K/Akt signaling and SREBP1 might positively and negatively influence virus replication in two different stages of infection, respectively. Taken together, our study demonstrates an important role of the lipid raft-associated PI3K/Akt/SREBP1 signaling in modulating CA16 replication, which will deepen our understanding mechanism of CA16 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xingzhi Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dexuan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Dehua Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xianhe Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuening Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yujiang Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuchang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lili Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liyang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuyan Xu
- College of Science, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Liang Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Hongwei Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Biotechnology Center, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
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10
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Elsanhoury A, Tschöpe C, Van Linthout S. A Toolbox of Potential Immune-Related Therapies for Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:75-87. [PMID: 32440911 PMCID: PMC7892499 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a multifactorial disorder, characterized by an inflammatory reaction in the myocardium, predominantly triggered by infectious agents, but also by antigen mimicry or autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Unless spontaneously resolved, a chronic inflammatory course concludes with cardiac muscle dysfunction portrayed by ventricular dilatation, clinically termed inflammatory cardiomyopathy (Infl-CM). Treatment strategies aim to resolve chronic inflammation and preserve cardiac function. Beside standard heart failure treatments, which only play a supportive role in this condition, systemic immunosuppressants are used to diminish inflammatory cell function at the cost of noxious side effects. To date, the treatment protocols are expert-based without large clinical evidence. This review describes concept and contemporary strategies to alleviate myocardial inflammation and sheds light on potential inflammatory targets in an evidence-based order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsanhoury
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrerstrasse 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrerstrasse 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Föhrerstrasse 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Min XL, He M, Shi Y, Xie L, Ma XJ, Cao Y. miR-18b attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulation of ANXA3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:55-64. [PMID: 32380186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent, research has displayed that the disorders of miR-18b are related to ischemic stroke. Here, we aimed to investigate the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of miR-18b in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGDR) model in vitro and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in vivo were established to simulate cerebral I/R injury. RT-PCR, western blotting, CCK-8, TUNEL, and TTC staining assays were applied in this study to explore the effect of miR-18b on cerebral I/R injury. Results displayed that miR-18b expression was reduced after cerebral I/R injury. Besides, miR-18b showed neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo, These neuroprotective effects included promoting cell viability, decreasing cell apoptosis, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines in SH-SY 5Y cells after OGDR and depressing MCAO-induced infarct size, neurological deficits and apoptotic cells in mice. Moreover, miR-18b negatively regulated ANXA3 expression, and its neuroprotection on cerebral I/R injury was overturned by ANXA3. Additionally, increasing miR-18b or decreasing ANXA3 promoted the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SH-SY 5Y cells after cerebral I/R injury. In conclusion, these data indicate that miR-18b protects against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting ANXA3 and activating PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Min
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Mu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Province Forestry Center Hospital, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Ma
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China.
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12
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Yao J, Xu M, Liu Z. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2950-2956. [PMID: 32218850 PMCID: PMC7068238 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of Rapamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were studied. The retinoblastoma Y79 cells were selected and divided into negative control group (NC group), 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. Then the proliferative activity of Y79 cells was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells in each group was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the apoptosis of Y79 cells was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the changes in Y79 cell cycle and apoptosis were determined through flow cytometry, and apoptosis and PI3K/AKT pathway were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. It was found that the number of cells and the proliferative activity were significantly reduced in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. In 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the content of ROS and MDA was significantly decreased, while that of SOD was notably increased. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry showed that in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the number of apoptotic cells was obviously increased, and the cell cycle was basically arrested in S phase. The expression levels of Bcl-2, PI3K and AKT declined in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, whereas the expression of Caspase 8 increased. Similar results were also obtained in the protein assay. The above results were significantly superior in 0.4 µM Rapamycin group to those in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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13
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Overexpressed CES2 has prognostic value in CRC and knockdown CES2 reverses L-OHP-resistance in CRC cells by inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111856. [PMID: 31981591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CES-2 (carboxylesterase-2) belongs to the carboxylesterase gene family, which plays crucial roles in lipid mobilization and chemosensitivity to irinotecan. However, its role in chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) remains unclear. Herein, L-OHP-resistant cells (HCT-116L and RKOL) were established by increasing the concentration of L-OHP. The results showed that CES2 expression was upregulated in L-OHP-resistant tissues and cells lines (both P < 0.01). Low expression of CES2 correlated with a better survival, and the results were further confirmed in the R2 platform: a biologist friendly web-based genomics analysis and visualization application. Downregulation of CES2 suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and reversed L-OHP resistance by medicating the PI3K signaling pathway in L-OHP-resistant cells. However, both PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and activator (IGF-1) could not medicate CES2 expression. These findings indicated that CES2 may be utilized as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for L-OHP resistance in CRC treatment.
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14
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Li S, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhang M, Wang W, Yu X, Huang J, Wang Z, Zhu B, Yin C, Cai H. Akt inhibitor deguelin aggravates inflammation and fibrosis in myocarditis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1275-1282. [PMID: 32128091 PMCID: PMC7038425 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.35518.8473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial stroma. Attenuation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β is a reliable mark for improving the prognosis. Protein kinase B (Akt) plays an important role in the development and progression of myocarditis. The specific role of the natural inhibitor of Akt, Deguelin, on myocarditis has not been reported. In this study, we used deguelin to investigate the effects of natural Akt inhibitor on myocarditis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS EAM rat models were made by using Lewis rats and Deguelin was injected intraperitoneally on day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after successful modeling. On day 18, rats were sacrificed and the heart weight (HW)/ body weight (BW) ratio were measured. The pathological changes, pathological scores and fibrosis area were evaluated after H.&E. and Masson's trichrome staining. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by RT-qPCR, while the protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western bolt. The protein expressions of Akt, Akt1, phosphorylated (p-) Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were detected by Western bolt. RESULTS We found that the TNF-α and IL-1β levels, inflammatory scores and fibrosis areas were markedly increased after 18 days deguelin administration. CONCLUSION Akt inhibition with deguelin may aggravate myocarditis of EAM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Chunming Zhao
- Human anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Hongxing Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
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15
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Li X, Yang Z, Nie W, Jiang J, Li S, Li Z, Tian L, Ma X. Exosomes derived from cardiac progenitor cells attenuate CVB3-induced apoptosis via abrogating the proliferation of CVB3 and modulating the mTOR signaling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:691. [PMID: 31534118 PMCID: PMC6751166 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is potentially fatal and lacking a specific treatment. Exosomes secreted by cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have emerged as a promising tool for cardioprotection and repair. In this study, we investigated whether CPCs-derived exosomes (CPCs-Ex) could utilize the mTOR signal pathway to reduce the apoptosis in viral myocarditis. In vitro, exosomes were, respectively, added to H9C2 cells after CVB3 infection to detect the anti-apoptosis effect of CPCs-Ex. Compared with the controls, the apoptosis rate was reduced, accompanied with the depressed expression of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and pro-apoptosis factors of Bim/caspase families. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were promoted, but that of 4EBP1 was suppressed. In vivo, the results of apoptosis, expression of CVB3 and pro-apoptosis factors, and phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR factors of CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes were consistent with that of vitro. Following that, we use Rapamycin and MK-2206 to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, meanwhile, Rattus 4EBP1, p70S6K, Akt1 and Akt2 were transfected to H9C2 cells to establish the stably transfected cell lines. In the group with Rapamycin or MK-2206 pretreatment, CPCs-Ex also could decrease the apoptosis of H9C2 cells and expression of CVB3 mRNA, followed by decreased expression of apoptosis factors. In Akt2, p70S6K and 4EBP1 overexpression groups, CPCs-Ex promoted CVB3-induced apoptosis, VP1 expression and cleavage of caspase-3. Our results therefore identify CPCs-Ex exerts an anti-apoptosis effect in CVB3-infected cells by abrogating the proliferation of CVB3 and modulating the mTOR signaling pathways as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase families. Viral myocarditis, mainly caused by CVB3 infection, is lacking a specific treatment. Our study identified an anti-apoptosis role of CPCs-Ex in CVB3-infected cells and rats, which shown that CPCs-Ex may be an effective tool to treat viral myocarditis. We believe that with more in-depth research on the functionality of CPCs-Ex, there will be a breakthrough in the treatment of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyuan Nie
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army, 89th Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shentang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sate Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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16
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Yuan G, Rong L, Liu J, Zhang Z, Hu C, Chen M, Ma L, Zhang YY, Li YP, Zhou Y. Serum‑derived hepatitis C virus can infect human glioblastoma cell line SF268 and activate the PI3K‑Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4441-4448. [PMID: 30896873 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra‑hepatic manifestations are frequently observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‑infected patients; however the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, the human glioblastoma SF268 cell line (the precise origin of the cell type is not clear) was infected with HCV using HCV‑positive serum, and viral replication was assessed by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR and western blotting following infection. HCV core protein and HCV RNA were detected in HCV‑positive serum‑infected SF268 cells at day 4 post‑infection, while no infection was observed in cells exposed to HCV‑negative serum. The mean HCV RNA levels at day 4 post‑infection were up to 5.00 IU/ml log10; however, HCV RNA and immunostaining for core protein were negative when cultured to day 6 or longer. The data suggest that human glioblastoma SF268 cells were transiently infected with HCV. AKT serine/threonine kinase phosphorylation was also detected in HCV‑infected SF268 cells at day 4 post‑infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a human glioblastoma cell line can be infected with serum‑derived HCV. The results provide evidence that HCV infection can occur in cells of the central nervous system. Neurological disorder‑associated phosphoinositide 3‑kinase‑AKT signaling pathway was activated in parallel with HCV infection, suggesting that SF268 may serve as an in vitro model for investigating HCV‑nervous system cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Liang Rong
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chengguang Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | | | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuanping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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17
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Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects ARPE-19 cells against oxidative stress by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15137. [PMID: 30310136 PMCID: PMC6181947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered to be a major contributor to the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previous investigations have shown that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) can alleviate oxidative stress in haemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage and cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. However, whether STS has a protective effect in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress and its exact mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we utilized H2O2 to establish an oxidative stress environment. Our findings show that STS activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit autophagy and diminished the expression of the autophagic proteins Beclin 1, ATG3, ATG7 and ATG9 in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress. Detection of the intrinsic apoptosis-related factors BAX, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-9, caspase-3 and BCL-2, as well as the extrinsic apoptosis-related factors c-FLIP, v-FLIP and caspase-8, confirmed that STS inhibited the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and attenuated apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress conditions. These findings shed new light on the protective effects of STS in ARPE-19 cells and its mechanisms under oxidative stress to provide novel and promising therapeutic strategies for AMD.
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18
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Apatinib-induced protective autophagy and apoptosis through the AKT-mTOR pathway in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30301881 PMCID: PMC6177436 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apatinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, has been shown to promote anti-cancer action across a wide range of malignancies, including gastric, lung, and breast cancers. Our previous study showed that apatinib increases apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), but the direct functional mechanism of tumor lethality mediated by apatinib is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that apatinib induced both autophagy and apoptosis in human ATC cells through downregulation of p-AKT and p-mTOR signals via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, inhibition of apatinib-induced autophagy increased apatinib-induced apoptosis in ATC cells, and additional tumor suppression was critically produced by the combination of apatinib and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in vivo and in vitro. These findings showed that both autophagy and AKT/mTOR signals were engaged in ATC cell death evoked by apatinib. ATC patients might benefit from the new anti-cancer drug, and molecular targeted treatment in combination with autophagy inhibitors shows promise as a treatment improvement.
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Xue B, Li FC, Tian JH, Li JX, Cheng XY, Hu JH, Hu JS, Li B. Titanium nanoparticles influence the Akt/Tor signal pathway in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, silk gland. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 99:e21470. [PMID: 29709078 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Various nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are increasingly used in industrial processes. Because they are released into the environment, research into their influence on the biosphere is necessary. Among its other effects, dietary TiO2 NPs promotes silk protein synthesis in silkworms, which prompted our hypothesis that TiO2 NPs influence protein kinase B (Akt)/Target of rapamycin (Tor) signaling pathway (Akt/Tor) signaling in their silk glands. The Akt/Tor signaling pathway is a principle connector integrating cellular reactions to growth factors, metabolites, nutrients, protein synthesis, and stress. We tested our hypothesis by determining the influence of dietary TiO2 NPs (for 72 h) and, separately, of two Akt/Tor pathway inhibitors (LY294002 and rapamycin) on expression of Akt/Tor signaling pathway genes and proteins in the silk glands. TiO2 NPs treatments led to increased accumulation of mRNAs for Akt, Tor1 and Tor2 by 1.6-, 12.1-, and 4.8-fold. Dietary inhibitors led to 2.6- to 4-fold increases in mRNAs encoding Akt and substantial decreases in mRNAs encoding Tor1 and Tor2. Western blot analysis showed that dietary TiO2 NPs increased the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream proteins. LY294002 treatments led to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and its downstream proteins and rapamycin treatments similarly inhibited the phosphorylation of Tor-linked downstream proteins. These findings support our hypothesis that TiO2 NPs influence Akt/Tor signaling in silk glands. The significance of this work is identification of specific sites of TiO2 NPs actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Chi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Huan Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Sheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Modulation of Apoptosis by Cytotoxic Mediators and Cell-Survival Molecules in Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082369. [PMID: 30103522 PMCID: PMC6121505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) involves multiple factors including genetic background, cell death, and exocrine dysfunction. We here discuss apoptotic control in exocrine glands in SS by showing various pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways. Although the membrane-bound and soluble form of the Fas/Fas ligand system is a leading player with activation of the death domain and caspase 8/3 cleavage, the role of soluble Fas/FasL (including its polymorphism) in apoptosis is controversial. The tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) involves a mitochondrial pathway that includes caspase 9 cleavage. The involvement of innate immunity cells such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been investigated; TLR2-4 and TLR7-9 are associated with the induction of inflammation in exocrine glands of SS patients. TLR3 has the potential to induce the apoptosis of SS patients’ SGECs. Linkage of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was shown in exocrine glands in SS, and it inhibited the Fas/FasL system with the help of cell-survival factors. TLR3 has dual actions to cause inflammation as well as apoptosis, which are inhibited by EGF. In conclusion, apoptosis in exocrine glands of SS patients is tightly controlled by balance of pro-apoptotic signals and growth factor.
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21
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Chang H, Tian L, Chen J, Tang A, Li C, Li Z, Yang Z. Rapamycin and ZSTK474 can have differential effects at different post‑infection time‑points regarding CVB3 replication and CVB3‑induced autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1088-1094. [PMID: 29845290 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection has been shown to stimulate autophagy. We have demonstrated that the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway could affect the autophagic reaction induced by CVB3 infection in our previous study. However, the processes associating autophagy and CVB3 replication remain to be determined. In the present study, CVB3‑induced autophagy and its impact on viral replication were investigated. Rapamycin (inhibitor of mTOR) and ZSTK474 (inhibitor of PI3K) were used to change the autophagic reaction caused by CVB3 in Hela cells at different post‑infection (p.i.) time points (6, 9, 12 and 24 h p.i.), meanwhile, we detected the CVB3 mRNA replication and CVB3 capsid protein VP1 expression following the change of autophagy. Here, it was showed that ZSTK474 and Rapamycin promoted CVB3‑induced autophagy, as well as decreasing CVB3 mRNA replication and CVB3 capsid protein VP1 expression at 6 and 9 h p.i. ZSTK474 also alleviated CVB3‑induced autophagy, and decreased CVB3 mRNA replication and VP1 expression at 12 and 24 h p.i. However, Rapamycin continued to promote CVB3‑induced autophagy and increase CVB3 mRNA replication at 12 and 24 h p.i, as well as increase VP1 expression at 12 h, but not at 24 h, p.i. In the present study, we found Rapamycin and ZSTK474 have differential effects at different p.i. time‑points regarding CVB3 replication and CVB3‑induced autophagy. This indicates that the association between CVB3‑induced autophagy and viral replication depends on the infection time. During the early course of infection, autophagy may help host cells clear the virus, thereby providing protection, whereas when the infection time increases, autophagy may be exploited for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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22
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Wu X, Ji K, Wang H, Zhao Y, Jia J, Gao X, Zang B. Retracted
: MicroRNA‐339‐3p alleviates inflammation and edema and suppresses pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in mice with severe acute pancreatitis‐associated acute lung injury by regulating Anxa3 via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6704-6714. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Mao Wu
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Kai‐Qiang Ji
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Hai‐Yuan Wang
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Jia Jia
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Peng Gao
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
| | - Bin Zang
- Intensive Care UnitShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangP.R. China
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23
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Chen HY, Lin LT, Wang ML, Lee SH, Tsai ML, Tsai CC, Liu WH, Chen TC, Yang YP, Lee YY, Chang YL, Huang PI, Chen YW, Lo WL, Chiou SH, Chen MT. Musashi-1 regulates AKT-derived IL-6 autocrinal/paracrinal malignancy and chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42485-42501. [PMID: 27285760 PMCID: PMC5173150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is one of the most lethal human malignant brain tumors with high risks of recurrence and poor treatment outcomes. The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) is a marker of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent study showed that high expression level of MSI1 positively correlates with advanced grade of GBM, where MSI1 increases the growth of GBM. Herein, we explore the roles of MSI1 as well as the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of drug resistance and tumorigenesis of GBM cells. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of MSI1 effectively protected GBM cells from drug-induced apoptosis through down-regulating pro-apoptotic genes; whereas inhibition of AKT withdrew the MSI1-induced anti-apoptosis and cell survival. We further showed that MSI1 robustly promoted the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, which was governed by AKT activity. Autonomously, the secreted IL-6 enhanced AKT activity in an autocrine/paracrine manner, forming a positive feedback regulatory loop with the MSI1-AKT pathway. Our results conclusively demonstrated a novel drug resistance mechanism in GBM cells that MSI1 inhibits drug-induced apoptosis through AKT/IL6 regulatory circuit. MSI1 regulates both cellular signaling and tumor-microenvironmental cytokine secretion to create an intra- and intercellular niche for GBM to survive from chemo-drug attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsien Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Lo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Tao J, Cui Y, Duan Y, Zhang N, Wang C, Zhang F. Puerarin attenuates locomotor and cognitive deficits as well as hippocampal neuronal injury through the PI3K/Akt1/GSK-3β signaling pathway in an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106283-106295. [PMID: 29290948 PMCID: PMC5739733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes irreversible damage to the brain. The hippocampus is a vulnerable region and plays an important role in cognition and locomotor activity. Puerarin is a phytoestrogen that has beneficial effects in treating neurological disorders. How puerarin protects against hippocampal injury and its molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with puerarin alone or together with LY294002 (an PI3K inhibitor) before ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The open- and closed-field tasks and Morris water maze (MWM) test were used to assess the effects of puerarin on anxiety-like behavioral and cognitive impairment following I/R. Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE) was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and immunoblotting was performed to examine the expression of the related proteins. By using the rat model for transient I/R, we demonstrated that puerarin pretreatment significantly increased the travelling distance and number of crossings in the open- and closed-field tests, reduced latency and increased the proportion of distance and time in zone IV in the MWM. The number of live cells in the hippocampus is sharply increased by puerarin pretreatment.We further observed that the levels of phosphorylated Akt1, GSK-3β and MCL-1were elevated and those of cleaved-caspase-3 were reduced in the puerarin-treatment group. Notably, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 counteracted all of the effects of puerarin. Our findings suggest that puerarin protects the hippocampus from I/R damage by activating the PI3K/Akt1/GSK-3β/MCL-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Tao
- Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Congmin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China
| | - Fayong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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25
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Jiang Y, Jiao Y, Wang Z, Li T, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang D. Sinomenine Hydrochloride Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cell Growth through Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Activation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1945. [PMID: 28891980 PMCID: PMC5618594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and it is one of the causes of cancer fatality in both adult and pediatric populations. Patients with glioblastoma require chemotherapy after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Therefore, chemotherapy constitutes a viable approach for the eradication of glioblastoma cells. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) was evaluated in U87 and SF767 cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SH potently inhibited U87 and SF767 cell viability and did not cause caspase-dependent cell death, as demonstrated by the absence of significant early apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage. Instead, SH activated an autophagy-mediated cell death pathway, as indicated by the accumulated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, triggered autophagic flux and enhanced cell viability after pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors. SH-mediated autophagy in the two cell lines was implicated in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway suppression and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation. The ROS antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), the Akt-specific activator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated SH-induced autophagy. Moreover, ROS activated autophagy via the Akt-mTOR and JNK pathways. Additionally, SH treatment may promote lysosome biogenesis through activating transcription factor EB (TFEB). The in vivo study found that SH effectively suppressed glioblastoma growth without exhibiting significant toxicity. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action of SH in cancer cells via the induction of autophagy through ROS generation and autophagy-lysosome pathway activation; these findings also supply a new potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yue Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yujuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Danqiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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26
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Yin Y, Dang W, Zhou X, Xu L, Wang W, Cao W, Chen S, Su J, Cai X, Xiao S, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis sustains rotavirus infection via the 4E-BP1 mediated autophagy pathway and represents an antiviral target. Virulence 2017; 9:83-98. [PMID: 28475412 PMCID: PMC5955461 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1326443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants younger than 5 y old and in particular cases of immunocompromised patients irrespective to the age of the patients. Although vaccines have been developed, antiviral therapy is an important complement that cannot be substituted. Because of the lack of specific approved treatment, it is urgent to facilitate the cascade of further understanding of the infection biology, identification of druggable targets and the final development of effective antiviral therapies. PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway plays a vital role in regulating the infection course of many viruses. In this study, we have dissected the effects of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway on rotavirus infection using both conventional cell culture models and a 3D model of human primary intestinal organoids. We found that PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling is essential in sustaining rotavirus infection. Thus, blocking the key elements of this pathway, including PI3K, mTOR and 4E-BP1, has resulted in potent anti-rotavirus activity. Importantly, a clinically used mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, potently inhibited both experimental and patient-derived rotavirus strains. This effect involves 4E-BP1 mediated induction of autophagy, which in turn exerts anti-rotavirus effects. These results revealed new insights on rotavirus-host interactions and provided new avenues for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebang Yin
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Wen Dang
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Xinying Zhou
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Lei Xu
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Wenshi Wang
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sunrui Chen
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Junhong Su
- b Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , P. R. China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- c State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Lanzhou , P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- d State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , P. R. China
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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27
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Chang H, Li X, Cai Q, Li C, Tian L, Chen J, Xing X, Gan Y, Ouyang W, Yang Z. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in CVB3-induced autophagy of HeLa cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:182-192. [PMID: 28560385 PMCID: PMC5466389 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that viral myocarditis (VMC) associated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) causes autophagy activation after infection, but the specific mechanism is not clear. The present study demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway participates in CVB3-induced autophagy. We found that the light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio was increased and p62 and p-mTOR were altered at different times during CVB3 infection. To further assess the effects of this signaling pathway on CVB3 infection and viral replication, we selected 24 h post-inoculation (h.p.i.) as our research time point to conduct our next study. We inhibited the function of PI3K, Akt1 and mTOR. The outcome showed that inhibition of PI3K with ZSTK474 alleviated autophagy and decreased CVB3 mRNA replication and VP1 expression. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin promoted autophagy and viral mRNA replication but did not impact VP1 expression. Inhibition of Akt with MK2206 aggravated autophagy induced by viral infection. In our research, p62 exhibited a decrease at the beginning of infection but then increased as infection time increased. This finding may serve as a clue to elucidate the function of autophagy at different times of infection. However, the details merit further study. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway participates in the process of autophagy induced by CVB3 infection. This finding may provide a new perspective of CVB3-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Soo HC, Chung FFL, Lim KH, Yap VA, Bradshaw TD, Hii LW, Tan SH, See SJ, Tan YF, Leong CO, Mai CW. Cudraflavone C Induces Tumor-Specific Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells through Inhibition of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170551. [PMID: 28107519 PMCID: PMC5249192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cudraflavone C (Cud C) is a naturally-occurring flavonol with reported anti-proliferative activities. However, the mechanisms by which Cud C induced cytotoxicity have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of Cud C on cell proliferation, caspase activation andapoptosis induction in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). We show that Cud C inhibits cell proliferation in KM12, Caco-2, HT29, HCC2998, HCT116 and SW48 CRC but not in the non-transformed colorectal epithelial cells, CCD CoN 841. Cud C induces tumor-selective apoptosis via mitochondrial depolarization and activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway. Gene expression profiling by microarray analyses revealed that tumor suppressor genes EGR1, HUWE1 and SMG1 were significantly up-regulated while oncogenes such as MYB1, CCNB1 and GPX2 were down-regulated following treatment with Cud C. Further analyses using Connectivity Map revealed that Cud C induced a gene signature highly similar to that of protein synthesis inhibitors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT inhibitors, suggesting that Cud C might inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling. A luminescent cell free PI3K lipid kinase assay revealed that Cud C significantly inhibited p110β/p85α PI3K activity, followed by p120γ, p110δ/p85α, and p110α/p85α PI3K activities. The inhibition by Cud C on p110β/p85α PI3K activity was comparable to LY-294002, a known PI3K inhibitor. Cud C also inhibited phosphorylation of AKT independent of NFκB activity in CRC cells, while ectopic expression of myristoylated AKT completely abrogated the anti-proliferative effects, and apoptosis induced by Cud C in CRC. These findings demonstrate that Cud C induces tumor-selective cytotoxicity by targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of action of Cud C, and indicate that Cud C further development of Cud C derivatives as potential therapeutic agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chuen Soo
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Veronica Alicia Yap
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si-Hoey Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Jia See
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim I, Song YH, Singh N, Jeong YJ, Kwon JE, Kim H, Cho YM, Kang SC, Chi KW. Anticancer activities of self-assembled molecular bowls containing a phenanthrene-based donor and Ru(II) acceptors. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10 Spec Iss:143-53. [PMID: 26347134 PMCID: PMC4554412 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized multinuclear ruthenium complexes have rapidly emerged as promising therapeutic candidates with unique anticancer activities. Here, we describe the coordination-driven self-assembly and anticancer activities of a set of three organometallic tetranuclear Ru(II) molecular bowls. [2+2] Coordination-driven self-assembly of 3, 6-bis(pyridin-3- ylethynyl) phenanthrene (bpep) (1) and one of the three dinuclear arene ruthenium clips, [(η6-p-iPrC6H4Me)2Ru2-(OO\OO)][OTf]2 (OO\OO =2, 5-dioxido-1, 4-benzoquinonato, OTf = triflate) (2), 5, 8-dioxido-1, 4-naphthoquinonato (3), or 6, 11-dioxido-5, 12-naphthacenediona (4), resulted in three molecular bowls 5-7 of general formula [{(η6-p-iPrC6H4Me)2Ru2-(OO\OO)}2(bpep)2][OTf]4. All molecular bowls were obtained as triflate salts in very good yields (>90%) and were fully characterized using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and elemental analysis. The structure of the representative molecular bowl 5 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activities of molecular bowls 5-7 were determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, autophagy, and Western blot analysis. Bowl 6 showed the strongest cytotoxicity in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells and was more cytotoxic than doxorubicin. In addition, autophagic activity and the ratio of apoptotic cell death increased in AGS cells by treatment with bowl 6. Bowl 6 also induced autophagosome formation via upregulation of p62 and promotion of the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, bowl 6 promoted apoptotic cell death through downregulation of Akt/mTOR activation, followed by increased caspase-3 activity. These results suggest that bowl 6 induces gastric cancer cell death via modulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Bowl 6 is a potent anticancer agent and a potential treatment for human gastric cancer that merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Kim
- Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nem Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Energy Materials Lab, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Zhu LB, Peng AF, Wang TF, Long XH, Gao S, Zhou RP, Liu ZL. LY294002 inhibits the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells by modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/Akt/fatty acid synthase signaling pathway in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1352-7. [PMID: 25351625 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that fatty acid synthase (FASN) is crucial in the carcinogenesis of various types of tumor. In addition, the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which is closely associated with cellular metabolism, affects cancer biology. However, whether the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma (OS) cells is regulated by the PI3K/Akt/FASN signaling pathway and how the PI3K family specific inhibitor, 2‑(4‑morpholinyl)‑8‑phenyl‑chromone (LY294002) affects the malignant phenotype of OS cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, U2‑OS and MG‑63 cells were treated with LY294002 and subsequently western blot analysis was used to examine Akt, p‑Akt and FASN protein expression. Additionally, FASN mRNA was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MTT and fluorescence‑activated cell sorting assays were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis. Migration and invasion were investigated using wound healing and transwell invasion assays. The results demonstrated that LY294002 suppressed the PI3K/Akt/FASN signaling pathway. However, the malignant phenotypes of OS cells mentioned above were significantly inhibited. The present results indicated that LY294002 inhibits the malignant phenotype of OS cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/FASN signaling pathway in vitro and may be a new therapeutic strategy for the management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ai Fen Peng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Fang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hua Long
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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LONG XINHUA, ZHONG ZHENHAO, PENG AIFEN, ZHU LIANGBO, WANG HENG, ZHANG GUOMEI, LIU ZHILI. LY294002 suppresses the malignant phenotype and sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to pirarubicin chemotherapy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2967-72. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhou Y, Liang X, Chang H, Shu F, Wu Y, Zhang T, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Zhu JD, Mi M. Ampelopsin-induced autophagy protects breast cancer cells from apoptosis through Akt-mTOR pathway via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1279-87. [PMID: 25088800 PMCID: PMC4462353 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that ampelopsin (AMP), a flavonol mainly found in Ampelopsis grossedentata, could induce cell death in human breast cancer cells via reactive oxygen species generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Here, we examined whether autophagy is activated in AMP-treated breast cancer cells and, if so, sought to find the exact role and underlying molecular profile of autophagy in AMP-induced cell death. Our results showed that AMP treatment activated autophagy in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagosomes, an increase of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-2 (LC3B-II) and the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II, the degradation of the selective autophagic target p62/SQSTM1, and the formation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 puncta. Blockage of autophagy augmented AMP-induced cell death, suggesting that autophagy has cytoprotective effects. Meanwhile, AMP treatment suppressed Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as evidenced by dose- and time-dependent decrease of the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), whereas Akt activator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pretreatment partially restored Akt-mTOR pathway inhibited by AMP and decreased AMP-inuduced autophagy, signifying that AMP activated autophagy via inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway. Additionally, blocking ER stress not only reduced autophagy induction, but also alleviated inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway induced by AMP, suggesting that activation of ER stress was involved in induction of autophagy and inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that AMP induces protective autophagy in human breast cancer cells through Akt-mTOR pathway via ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, China
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