1
|
Grussy K, Łaska M, Moczurad W, Król-Kulikowska M, Ściskalska M. The importance of polymorphisms in the genes encoding glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in development of selected cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9649-9661. [PMID: 37819495 PMCID: PMC10635984 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are a family of enzymes, whose main role is to detoxify cells from many exogenous factors, such as xenobiotics or carcinogens. It has also been proven that changes in the genes encoding these enzymes may affect the incidence of selected cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to review the most important reports related to the role of glutathione S-transferases in the pathophysiology of two of the most common diseases in modern society - cancers and cardiovascular diseases. It was shown that polymorphisms in the genes encoding glutathione S-transferases are associated with the development of these diseases. However, depending on the ethnic group, the researchers obtained divergent results related to this field. In the case of the GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism was shown an increased incidence of breast cancer in Asian women, while this relationship in European and African women was not found. Similarly. In the case of cardiovascular diseases, the differences in the influence of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 polymorphisms on their development or lack of it depending on the continent were shown. These examples show that the development of the above-mentioned diseases is not only influenced by genetic changes, but their pathophysiology is more complex. The mere presence of a specific genotype within a studied polymorphism may not predispose to cancer, but in combination with environmental factors, which often depend on the place of residence, it may elevate the chance of developing the selected disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grussy
- Student Society of Laboratory Diagnosticians, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łaska
- Student Society of Laboratory Diagnosticians, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Moczurad
- Student Society of Laboratory Diagnosticians, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vázquez-Meza H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Carrada M, Uribe-Ramírez D, Matuz-Mares D. Cellular Compartmentalization, Glutathione Transport and Its Relevance in Some Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040834. [PMID: 37107209 PMCID: PMC10135322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein endogenous thiol. It is a ubiquitous molecule produced in most organs, but its synthesis is predominantly in the liver, the tissue in charge of storing and distributing it. GSH is involved in the detoxification of free radicals, peroxides and xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens, etc.), protects biological membranes from lipid peroxidation, and is an important regulator of cell homeostasis, since it participates in signaling redox, regulation of the synthesis and degradation of proteins (S-glutathionylation), signal transduction, various apoptotic processes, gene expression, cell proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis, etc. GSH transport is a vital step in cellular homeostasis supported by the liver through providing extrahepatic organs (such as the kidney, lung, intestine, and brain, among others) with the said antioxidant. The wide range of functions within the cell in which glutathione is involved shows that glutathione’s role in cellular homeostasis goes beyond being a simple antioxidant agent; therefore, the importance of this tripeptide needs to be reassessed from a broader metabolic perspective.
Collapse
|
3
|
Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081220. [PMID: 34439468 PMCID: PMC8389000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Liu X, Luo C, Chen L, Gong L, Yu H, Wang B, Liu E, Xu H, Liang J. Association of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism with the risk of coronary heart disease: An updated meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254738. [PMID: 34292981 PMCID: PMC8297824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous case-control studies have investigated the association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and CHD risk, but the results from published studies were inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database searches were conducted to retrieve relevant articles. Results Ultimately, 5,451 CHD cases and 5,561 controls from 15 studies were included. Pooled analysis did not yield any statistically significant association between GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism and CHD risk for the overall population (Val vs. Ile: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.18; Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.42; Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.28; Val/Val vs. Val/Ile+Ile/Ile: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.30; Val/Val+Val/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.33). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses indicated that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was still not associated with an increased risk of CHD. After excluding studies detected by Galbraith plots as major sources of heterogeneity, these relationships were still not significant. Conclusions The overall results did not reveal a major role of the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism in modulating CHD risk. Well-designed studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate our findings and explore the possible gene-gene or gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Song
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XL)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YS); (XL)
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Gong
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanbin Yu
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ernan Liu
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Disinfection and Pest Control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Healthcare-associated Infection Management Quality Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao TH, Jones DJ, Voors AA, Quinn PA, Sandhu JK, Chan DC, Parry HM, Mohan M, Mordi IR, Sama IE, Anker SD, Cleland JG, Dickstein K, Filippatos G, Hillege HL, Metra M, Ponikowski P, Samani NJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Zannad F, Lang CC, Ng LL. Plasma proteomic approach in patients with heart failure: insights into pathogenesis of disease progression and potential novel treatment targets. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:70-80. [PMID: 31692186 PMCID: PMC7028019 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To provide insights into pathogenesis of disease progression and potential novel treatment targets for patients with heart failure by investigation of the plasma proteome using network analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS The plasma proteome of 50 patients with heart failure who died or were rehospitalised were compared with 50 patients with heart failure, matched for age and sex, who did not have an event. Peptides were analysed on two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC ESI-MS/MS) in high definition mode (HDMSE). We identified and quantified 3001 proteins, of which 51 were significantly up-regulated and 46 down-regulated with more than two-fold expression changes in those who experienced death or rehospitalisation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction networks of significant differentially expressed proteins discovered the central role of metabolic processes in clinical outcomes of patients with heart failure. The findings revealed that a cluster of proteins related to glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism in the pathogenesis of poor outcome in patients with heart failure who died or were rehospitalised. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in patients with heart failure who died or were rehospitalised, the glutathione, arginine and proline, and pyruvate pathways were activated. These pathways might be potential targets for therapies to improve poor outcomes in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thong H. Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Donald J.L. Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Adriaan A. Voors
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paulene A. Quinn
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Jatinderpal K. Sandhu
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Daniel C.S. Chan
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Helen M. Parry
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Ify R. Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Iziah E. Sama
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism; Department of Cardiology (CVK)Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - John G. Cleland
- Robertson Centre for BiostatisticsInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgowUK
| | | | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital Attikon, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Hans L. Hillege
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart DiseasesWroclaw Medical University and Cardiology Department, Military HospitalWroclawPoland
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | | | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm CIC 1433Université de LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Leong L. Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glutathione Transferase P1 Polymorphism Might Be a Risk Determinant in Heart Failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:6984845. [PMID: 31275451 PMCID: PMC6589253 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6984845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed redox balance in heart failure (HF) might contribute to impairment of cardiac function, by oxidative damage, or by regulation of cell signaling. The role of polymorphism in glutathione transferases (GSTs), involved both in antioxidant defense and in regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways in HF, has been proposed. We aimed to determine whether GST genotypes exhibit differential risk effects between coronary artery disease (CAD) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) in HF patients. GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 genotypes were determined in 194 HF patients (109 CAD, 85 IDC) and 274 age- and gender-matched controls. No significant association was found for GSTA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genotypes with HF occurrence due to either CAD or IDC. However, carriers of at least one variant GSTP1∗Val (rs1695) allele were at 1.7-fold increased HF risk than GSTP1∗Ile/Ile carriers (p = 0.031), which was higher when combined with the variant GSTA1∗B allele (OR = 2.2, p = 0.034). In HF patients stratified based on the underlying cause of disease, an even stronger association was observed in HF patients due to CAD, who were carriers of a combined GSTP1(rs1695)/GSTA1 "risk-associated" genotype (OR = 2.8, p = 0.033) or a combined GSTP1∗Ile/Val+Val/Val (rs1695)/GSTP1∗AlaVal+∗ValVal (rs1138272) genotype (OR = 2.1, p = 0.056). Moreover, these patients exhibited significantly decreased left ventricular end-systolic diameter compared to GSTA1∗AA/GSTP1∗IleIle carriers (p = 0.021). Higher values of ICAM-1 were found in carriers of the GSTP1∗IleVal+∗ValVal (rs1695) (p = 0.041) genotype, whereas higher TNFα was determined in carriers of the GSTP1∗AlaVal+∗ValVal genotype (rs1138272) (p = 0.041). In conclusion, GSTP1 polymorphic variants may determine individual susceptibility to oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in HF.
Collapse
|
7
|
Glutathione "Redox Homeostasis" and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5028181. [PMID: 31210841 PMCID: PMC6532282 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5028181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More people die from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than from any other cause. Cardiovascular complications are thought to arise from enhanced levels of free radicals causing impaired "redox homeostasis," which represents the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and reductive stress (RS). In this review, we compile several experimental research findings that show sustained shifts towards OS will alter the homeostatic redox mechanism to cause cardiovascular complications, as well as findings that show a prolonged antioxidant state or RS can similarly lead to such cardiovascular complications. This experimental evidence is specifically focused on the role of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant in the heart, in a redox homeostatic mechanism that has been shifted towards OS or RS. This may lead to impairment of cellular signaling mechanisms and elevated pools of proteotoxicity associated with cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fletcher ME, Boshier PR, Wakabayashi K, Keun HC, Smolenski RT, Kirkham PA, Adcock IM, Barton PJ, Takata M, Marczin N. Influence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibition on lung epithelial cell injury: role of oxidative stress and metabolism. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1274-85. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00220.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidant-mediated tissue injury is key to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Glutathione- S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with toxic oxidant compounds and are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We hypothesized that attenuation of cellular GST enzymes would augment intracellular oxidative and metabolic stress and induce lung cell injury. Treatment of murine lung epithelial cells with GST inhibitors, ethacrynic acid (EA), and caffeic acid compromised lung epithelial cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. These inhibitors also potentiated cell injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tert-butyl-hydroperoxide, and hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR). SiRNA-mediated attenuation of GST-π but not GST-μ expression reduced cell viability and significantly enhanced stress (H2O2/HR)-induced injury. GST inhibitors also induced intracellular oxidative stress (measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 and dichlorofluorescein fluorescence), caused alterations in overall intracellular redox status (as evidenced by NAD+/NADH ratios), and increased protein carbonyl formation. Furthermore, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine completely prevented EA-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Whereas EA had no effect on mitochondrial energetics, it significantly altered cellular metabolic profile. To explore the physiological impact of these cellular events, we used an ex vivo mouse-isolated perfused lung model. Supplementation of perfusate with EA markedly affected lung mechanics and significantly increased lung permeability. The results of our combined genetic, pharmacological, and metabolic studies on multiple platforms suggest the importance of GST enzymes, specifically GST-π, in the cellular and whole lung response to acute oxidative and metabolic stress. These may have important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E. Fletcher
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piers R. Boshier
- Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Wakabayashi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Paul A. Kirkham
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Takata
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nandor Marczin
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagy T, Kovács V, Hardi P, Veres TG, Takács I, Jancsó G, Sinay L, Fazekas G, Pintér Ö, Arató E. Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase by Ethacrynic Acid Augments Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage and Apoptosis and Attenuates the Positive Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning in a Bilateral Acute Hindlimb Ischemia Rat Model. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:53-61. [PMID: 26045187 DOI: 10.1159/000381984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effects of the inhibition of the endogene antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by ethacrynic acid (EA) on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and postconditioning (PC) in the lower extremities. We aimed to examine the oxidative stress parameters (OSP), inflammatory response and activation of proapoptotic signaling proteins (PSP) after revascularization surgery. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control, IR, PC, EA-control, IR and administration of EA (IR/EA) and PC and administration of EA (PC/EA). The IR, PC, IR/EA and PC/EA groups underwent 60 min of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. After that, PC was performed in the PC and PC/EA groups. In 3 of the groups, the animals were treated with EA (EA-control, IR/EA and PC/EA groups) as well. The ischemia was followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Blood samples and biopsy specimens were collected from the quadriceps muscle. Plasma malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, thiol/sulfhydryl group levels, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and superoxide-dismutase enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS The levels of the OSP and the inflammatory proteins were higher in the EA-administered groups. The ratio of phosphorylated PSP was higher in the EA-administered groups and the protective effect of PC did not develop. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of GST by EA augmented the IR damage. GST inhibition was associated with a different activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and the PSP, regulating these pathways in the process of apoptosis and PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Nagy
- Departments of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|