1
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Kus F, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Chain-length dependent effects of inorganic polyphosphate on endothelial function and nucleotide pool. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38743961 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2348742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are the first line that comes into contact with blood pathogens, pathogen-derived molecules, and factors that stimulate coagulation and inflammation. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) - a polymer of orthophosphate units synthesized by bacteria under stress and released by platelets upon their activation is among these factors. Bacterial and platelet polyPs differ in length, and both variants elicit different effects in eukaryotes. This study aimed to investigate how bacterial-like long-chain polyP (Lc-polyP) and platelet-like short-chain polyP (Sc-polyP) affect the functionality of cultured endothelial cells. Murine immortalized heart endothelial cells (H5V) were exposed to polyP of different chain lengths to assess the effects of these stimuli on intracellular energetics, permeability, and endothelial adhesion. We observed varying effects between Lc-polyP and Sc-polyP treatments. Lc-polyP more potently disturbs the intracellular ATP pool, a parameter strongly connected with vascular injury, whereas Sc-polyP robustly stimulates cellular adhesion to the endothelium. Both polymers similarly enhance endothelial permeability, suggesting potent immunomodulatory properties. This study provides evidence that polyP elicits profound cellular responses in endothelium depending on the polymer's length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and the Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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2
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Peterson L, Yacoub M, Ayares D, Yamada K, Eisenson D, Griffith BP, Mohiuddin M, Eyestone W, Venter JC, Smolenski RT, Rothblatt M. Physiological Basis for Xenotransplantation from Genetically-Modified Pigs to Humans: A Review. Physiol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38517040 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The collective efforts of scientists over multiple decades have led to advancements in molecular and cellular biology-based technologies including genetic engineering and animal cloning, that are now being harnessed to enhance the suitability of pig organs for xenotransplantation into humans. Using organs sourced from pigs with multiple gene deletions and human transgene insertions, investigators have overcome formidable immunological and physiological barriers in pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) xenotransplantation and achieved prolonged pig xenograft survival. These studies informed the design of Revivicor's (Revivicor Inc, Blacksburg, VA) genetically engineered pig with 10 genetic modifications (10 GE) (including the inactivation of 4 endogenous porcine genes and insertion of 6 human transgenes) whose hearts and kidneys have now been studied in preclinical human xenotransplantation models using brain-dead recipients. Additionally, the first two clinical cases of pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation were recently performed using hearts from this 10 GE pig at the University of Maryland. While this review focuses on xenotransplantation of hearts and kidneys, multiple organs, tissues, and cell-types from genetically engineered pigs will provide much-needed therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Peterson
- Product Development and Xenotransplantation, United Therapeutics, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Ayares
- Revivicor, Revivicor, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Division of Transplantation, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Eisenson
- Surgery, John Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - J Craig Venter
- J Craig Venter Institute, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Martine Rothblatt
- CEO Administration, United Therapeutics, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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3
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Jedrzejewska A, Jablonska P, Gawlik-Jakubczak T, Czajkowski M, Maszka P, Mierzejewska P, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Elevated Plasma Concentration of 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) Highlights Malignancy of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2359. [PMID: 38397036 PMCID: PMC10888534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NA) derivatives play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as inflammation, regulation of the cell cycle, and DNA repair. Recently, we proposed that 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR), an unusual derivative of NA, could be classified as an oncometabolite in bladder, breast, and lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the relations between NA metabolism and the progression, recurrence, metastasis, and survival of patients diagnosed with different histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We identified alterations in plasma NA metabolism, particularly in the clear cell RCC (ccRCC) subtype, compared to papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and oncocytoma. Patients with ccRCC also exhibited larger tumor sizes and elevated levels of diagnostic serum biomarkers, such as hsCRP concentration and ALP activity, which were positively correlated with the plasma 4PYR. Notably, 4PYR levels were elevated in advanced stages of ccRCC cancer and were associated with a highly aggressive phenotype of ccRCC. Additionally, elevated concentrations of 4PYR were related to a higher likelihood of mortality, recurrence, and particularly metastasis in ccRCC. These findings are consistent with other studies, suggesting that NA metabolism is accelerated in RCC, leading to abnormal concentrations of 4PYR. This supports the concept of 4PYR as an oncometabolite and a potential prognostic factor in the ccRCC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Teresa Gawlik-Jakubczak
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.G.-J.); (M.C.)
| | - Mateusz Czajkowski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (T.G.-J.); (M.C.)
| | - Patrycja Maszka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.J.); (P.J.); (P.M.); (P.M.)
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4
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Mierzejewska P, Di Marzo N, Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Walczak I, Slominska EM, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R, Kutryb-Zajac B, Smolenski RT. Endothelial Effects of Simultaneous Expression of Human HO-1, E5NT, and ENTPD1 in a Mouse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1409. [PMID: 37895880 PMCID: PMC10610121 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is key target for immune and thrombotic responses that has to be controlled in successful xenotransplantation. Several genes were identified that, if induced or overexpressed, help to regulate the inflammatory response and preserve the transplanted organ function and metabolism. However, few studies addressed combined expression of such genes. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vivo the effects of the simultaneous expression of three human genes in a mouse generated using the multi-cistronic F2A technology. Male 3-month-old mice that express human heme oxygenase 1 (hHO-1), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (hE5NT), and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (hENTPD1) (Transgenic) were compared to wild-type FVB mice (Control). Background analysis include extracellular nucleotide catabolism enzymes profile on the aortic surface, blood nucleotide concentration, and serum L-arginine metabolites. Furthermore, inflammatory stress induced by LPS in transgenic and control mice was used to characterize interleukin 6 (IL-6) and adhesion molecules endothelium permeability responses. Transgenic mice had significantly higher rates of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis on the aortic surface in comparison to control. Increased levels of blood AMP and adenosine were also noticed in transgenics. Moreover, transgenic animals demonstrated the decrease in serum monomethyl-L-arginine level and a higher L-arginine/monomethyl-L-arginine ratio. Importantly, significantly decreased serum IL-6, and adhesion molecule levels were observed in transgenic mice in comparison to control after LPS treatment. Furthermore, reduced endothelial permeability in the LPS-treated transgenic mice was noted as compared to LPS-treated control. The human enzymes (hHO-1, hE5NT, hENTPD1) simultaneously encoded in transgenic mice demonstrated benefits in several biochemical and functional aspects of endothelium. This is consistent in use of this approach in the context of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Noemi Di Marzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.D.M.); (M.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Magdalena A. Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iga Walczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.D.M.); (M.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.D.M.); (M.L.); (R.G.)
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56026 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.A.Z.-K.); (I.W.); (E.M.S.)
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5
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Vahabi M, Comandatore A, Franczak MA, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ, Morelli L, Giovannetti E. Role of exosomes in transferring chemoresistance through modulation of cancer glycolytic cell metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:163-172. [PMID: 37541790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute a major obstacle in cancer treatment, leading to limited options and decreased patient survival. Recent studies have revealed a novel mechanism of chemoresistance acquisition: the transfer of information via exosomes, small vesicles secreted by various cells. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, influencing cancer cell behavior and response to treatment. One crucial mechanism of resistance is cancer metabolic reprogramming, which involves alterations in the cellular metabolic pathways to support the survival and proliferation of drug-resistant cancer cells. This metabolic reprogramming often includes increased glycolysis, providing cancer cells with the necessary energy and building blocks to evade the effects of chemotherapy. Notably, exosomes have been found to transport glycolytic enzymes, as identified in proteomic profiling, leading to the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, facilitating altered glucose metabolism and increased lactate production. As a result, they profoundly impact the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression, survival, immune evasion, and drug resistance.Understanding the complexities of such exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication might open new therapeutic avenues and facilitate biomarker development in managing cancers characterized by aggressive glycolytic features. Moreover, given the intricate nature of metabolic abnormalities combining future exosome-based-targeted therapies with existing treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies holds promise for achieving synergistic effects to overcome resistance and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika A Franczak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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6
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Borea F, Franczak MA, Garcia M, Perrino M, Cordua N, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ, Dziadziuszko R, Santoro A, Zucali PA, Giovannetti E. Target Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Hope or Mirage? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119165. [PMID: 37298116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm that is typically diagnosed in a locally advanced stage, making it not eligible for radical surgery and requiring systemic treatment. Chemotherapy with platinum compounds and pemetrexed has been the only approved standard of care for approximately 20 years, without any relevant therapeutic advance until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 18 months. Thanks to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor biology, targeted therapy has become an essential therapeutic option in several solid malignancies. Unfortunately, most of the clinical trials evaluating potentially targeted drugs for MPM have failed. This review aims to present the main findings of the most promising targeted therapies in MPM, and to explore possible reasons leading to treatments failures. The ultimate goal is to determine whether there is still a place for continued preclinical/clinical research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Borea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marika A Franczak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Garcia
- Faculty of Experimental Science, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Perrino
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Cordua
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo A Zucali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Franczak MA, Krol O, Harasim G, Jedrzejewska A, Zaffaroni N, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Avan A, Giovannetti E, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ. Metabolic Effects of New Glucose Transporter (GLUT-1) and Lactate Dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) Inhibitors against Chemoresistant Malignant Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097771. [PMID: 37175477 PMCID: PMC10177874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive and resistant tumor. The prognostic role of key effectors of glycolytic metabolism in MM prompted our studies on the cytotoxicity of new inhibitors of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT-1) and lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) in relation to ATP/NAD+ metabolism, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. The antiproliferative activity of GLUT-1 (PGL13, PGL14) and LDH-A (NHI-1, NHI-2) inhibitors, alone and in combination, were tested with the sulforhodamine-B assay in peritoneal (MESO-II, STO) and pleural (NCI-H2052 and NCI-H28) MM and non-cancerous (HMEC-1) cells. Effects on energy metabolism were measured by both analysis of nucleotides using RP-HPLC and evaluation of glycolysis and respiration parameters using a Seahorse Analyzer system. All compounds reduced the growth of MM cells in the µmolar range. Interestingly, in H2052 cells, PGL14 decreased ATP concentration from 37 to 23 and NAD+ from 6.5 to 2.3 nmol/mg protein. NHI-2 reduced the ATP/ADP ratio by 76%. The metabolic effects of the inhibitors were stronger in pleural MM and in combination, while in HMEC-1 ATP reduction was 10% lower compared to that of the H2052 cells, and we observed a minor influence on mitochondrial respiration. To conclude, both inhibitors showed cytotoxicity in MM cells, associated with a decrease in ATP and NAD+, and were synergistic in the cells with the highest metabolic modulation. This underlines cellular energy metabolism as a potential target for combined treatments in selected cases of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika A Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Harasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Braczko A, Pelikant-Malecka I, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Hidden Pool of Cardiac Adenine Nucleotides That Controls Adenosine Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040599. [PMID: 37111356 PMCID: PMC10142527 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemic adenosine production decreases in subsequent events that may blunt its protective functions. To test the relation between total or mitochondrial cardiac adenine nucleotide pool (TAN) on the energy status with adenosine production, Langendorff perfused rat hearts were subjected to three protocols: 1 min ischemia at 40 min, 10 min ischemia at 50 min, and 1 min ischemia at 85 min in Group I; additional infusion of adenosine (30 µM) for 15 min after 10 min ischemia in Group I-Ado, and 1 min ischemia at 40 and 85 min in the controls (Group No I). A 31P NMR and an HPLC were used for the analysis of nucleotide and catabolite concentrations in the heart and coronary effluent. Cardiac adenosine production in Group I measured after 1 min ischemia at 85 min decreased to less than 15% of that at 40 min in Group I, accompanied by a decrease in cardiac ATP and TAN to 65% of the initial results. Adenosine production at 85 min was restored to 45% of that at 40 min in Group I-Ado, accompanied by a rebound of ATP and TAN by 10% vs. Group I. Mitochondrial TAN and free AMP concentrations paralleled that of total cardiac TAN. Changes in energy equilibrium or mitochondrial function were minor. This study highlights that only a fraction of the cardiac adenine nucleotide pool is available for adenosine production, but further studies are necessary to clarify its nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
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9
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Maszka P, Kwasniak-Butowska M, Cysewski D, Slawek J, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Metabolomic Footprint of Disrupted Energetics and Amino Acid Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Therapy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030369. [PMID: 36984809 PMCID: PMC10057046 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing due to the aging population and improved longevity. They are characterized by a range of pathological hallmarks, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the alterations in brain energy and amino acid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Based on our findings, we proposed a group of selected metabolites related to disturbed energy or mitochondrial metabolism as potential indicators or predictors of disease. We also discussed the hidden challenges of metabolomics studies in NDs and proposed future directions in this field. We concluded that biochemical parameters of brain energy metabolism disruption (obtained with metabolomics) may have potential application as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of the effectiveness of therapies for NDs. However, more studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of the proposed candidates. We suggested that the most valuable biomarkers for NDs studies could be groups of metabolites combined with other neuroimaging or molecular techniques. To attain clinically applicable results, the integration of metabolomics with other “omic” techniques might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Maszka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwasniak-Butowska
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
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10
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Franczak M, Toenshoff I, Jansen G, Smolenski RT, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. The Influence of Mitochondrial Energy and 1C Metabolism on the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs: Exploring Potential Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1209-1231. [PMID: 35366764 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main energy factory in living cells. To rapidly proliferate and metastasize, neoplastic cells increase their energy requirements. Thus, mitochondria become one of the most important organelles for them. Indeed, much research shows the interplay between cancer chemoresistance and altered mitochondrial function. In this review, we focus on the differences in energy metabolism between cancer and normal cells to better understand their resistance and how to develop drugs targeting energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. One of the differences between cancer and normal cells is the higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level, a cofactor for the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which enhances their proliferation and helps cancer cells survive under hypoxic conditions. An important change is a metabolic switch called the Warburg effect. This effect is based on the change of energy harvesting from oxygen-dependent transformation to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), adapting them to the tumor environment. Another mechanism is the high expression of one-carbon (1C) metabolism enzymes. Again, this allows cancer cells to increase proliferation by producing precursors for the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. We reviewed drugs in clinical practice and development targeting NAD+, OXPHOS, and 1C metabolism. Combining novel drugs with conventional antineoplastic agents may prove to be a promising new way of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Isabel Toenshoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide metabolism during experimental preservation for transplantation with Transmedium Transplant Fluid (TTF) in comparison to Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK). Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2022; 41:1386-1395. [PMID: 36323286 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2139393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ preservation solutions are essential to diminish ischemic/hypoxic injury during cold storage and to improve graft survival. In our experiments, we investigated novel solutions that target such mechanisms as Transmedium Transplant Fluid (TTF) in comparison to PlegiStore solution (HTK). Rat hearts were infused with TTF or HTK and then subjected to 4 hours of 4 °C preservation followed by 25 minutes of reperfusion in the Langendorff system. Assessment of purine release from the heart, mechanical function, and cardiac nucleotide content in the heart homogenates was done. A significant increase in the uric acid, hypoxanthine, inosine, and total purine metabolite concentrations were observed in the HTK hearts when compared to TTF. The TTF group had lower left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure when compared to the HTK. Left ventricular diastolic pressure, minimal dp/dt, and maximal dp/dt in both groups were similar. The concentration of ADP in the heart homogenates of the HTK group was increased when compared to the TTF group. ATP and GTP concentration showed a tendency to increase in the homogenates of TTF hearts when NAD, AMP, GDP, GMP, and ADPR were similar in both groups of rats. TTF provided enhanced cardioprotection as evidenced by inhibiting the purine nucleotide metabolites released from the rat hearts during reperfusion and enhanced systolic and diastolic mechanical function recovery. In particular, better preservation of GTP and ATP concentrations may translate into enhanced protection of endothelium and the cytoskeleton, which are not adequately protected with current preservation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Bogucka AE, Macur K, Czaplewska P, Watson SA, Perbellini F, Terracciano CM, Smolenski RT. Label-free quantitative SWATH-MS proteomic analysis of adult myocardial slices in vitro after biomimetic electromechanical stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16533. [PMID: 36192624 PMCID: PMC9529937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A special in vitro model maintained with ultrathin cardiac slices with a preserved architecture, multi-cellularity, and physiology of the heart tissue was used. In our experiments, we performed label-free quantitative SWATH-MS proteomic analysis of the adult myocardial slices in vitro after biomimetic electromechanical stimulation. Rat myocardial slices were stretched to sarcomere lengths (SL) within the physiological range of 1.8–2.2 μm. Electromechanically stimulated slices were compared with slices cultured without electromechanical stimulation (unloaded and nonstimulated-TW) on a liquid–air interface and with fresh myocardial slices (0 h-C). Quantitative (relative) proteomic analyses were performed using a label-free SWATH-MS technique on a high-resolution microLC-MS/MS TripleTOF 5600+ system (SCIEX). The acquired MS/MS spectra from the DDA LC–MS/MS analyses of the rat heart samples were searched against the UniProt Rattus norvegicus database (version of 15.05.2018) using the Paragon algorithm incorporated into ProteinPilot 4.5 (SCIEX) software. The highest number of differential proteins was observed in the TW group—121 when compared to the C group. In the 1.8 and 2.2 groups, 79 and 52 proteins present at a significantly different concentration from the control samples were found, respectively. A substantial fraction of these proteins were common for two or more comparisons, resulting in a list of 169 significant proteins for at least one of the comparisons. This study found the most prominent changes in the proteomic pattern related to mitochondrial respiration, energy metabolism, and muscle contraction in the slices that were stretched and fresh myocardial slices cultured without electromechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - A E Bogucka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Macur
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - S A Watson
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Perbellini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
| | - C M Terracciano
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Braczko A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Mierzejewska P, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Cardiac Mitochondria Dysfunction in Dyslipidemic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911488. [PMID: 36232794 PMCID: PMC9570391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia triggers many severe pathologies, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence, including our studies, have suggested direct effects of dyslipidemia on cardiac energy metabolism, but details of these effects are not clear. This study aimed to investigate how mild dyslipidemia affects cardiac mitochondria function and vascular nucleotide metabolism. The analyses were performed in 3- and 6-month-old knock-out mice for low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr−/−) and compared to wild-type C57Bl/6J mice (WT). Cardiac isolated mitochondria function was analyzed using Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer. The mechanical function of the heart was measured using echocardiography. The levels of fusion, fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins were determined by ELISA kits, while the cardiac intracellular nucleotide concentration and vascular pattern of nucleotide metabolism ecto-enzymes were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial complex I, together with a decreased activity of citrate synthase (CS), reduced levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial fission 1 protein, as well as lower intracellular adenosine and guanosine triphosphates’ pool in the hearts of 6-month Ldlr−/− mice vs. age-matched WT. The analysis of vascular ecto-enzyme pattern revealed decreased rate of extracellular adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis and increased ecto-adenosine deaminase activity (eADA) in 6-month Ldlr−/− vs. WT mice. No changes were observed in echocardiography parameters in both age groups of Ldlr−/− mice. Younger hyperlipidemic mice revealed no differences in cardiac mitochondria function, CS activity, intracellular nucleotides, mitochondrial biogenesis, and dynamics but exhibited minor changes in vascular eADA activity vs. WT. This study revealed that dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria develops during prolonged mild hyperlipidemia at the time point corresponding to the formation of early vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-14 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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14
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Kawecka A, Caratis F, Urbanowicz K, Braczko A, Furihata T, Karaszewski B, Smolenski RT, Rutkowska A. The impaired distribution of adenosine deaminase isoenzymes in multiple sclerosis plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:998023. [PMID: 36204140 PMCID: PMC9530629 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.998023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine deaminase (ADA) via two isoenzymes, ADA1 and ADA2, regulates intra- and extracellular adenosine concentrations by converting it to inosine. In the central nervous system (CNS), adenosine modulates the processes of neuroinflammation and demyelination that together play a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Except for their catalytic activities, ADA isoenzymes display extra-enzymatic properties acting as an adhesion molecule or a growth factor. Aims This study aimed to explore the distribution and activity of ADA1 and ADA2 in the plasma and the CSF of MS patients as well as in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), human brain vascular pericytes and human astrocytes. Methods and results The enzyme assay following reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to detect the ADA1 and ADA2 activities and revealed an increased ratio of ADA1 to ADA2 in both the plasma and the CSF of MS patients. Plasma ADA1 activity was significantly induced in MS, while ADA2 was decreased in the CSF, but significance was not reached. The brain astrocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells revealed on their surface the activity of ADA1, with its basal level being five times higher in the endothelial cells than in the astrocytes or the pericytes. In turn, ADA2 activity was only observed in pericytes and endothelial cells. Stimulation of the cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα/IL17 for 18 h decreased intracellular nucleotide levels measured by HPLC only in pericytes. The treatment with TNFα/IL17 did not modulate cell-surface ATP and AMP hydrolysis nor adenosine deamination in pericytes or astrocytes. Whereas in endothelial cells it downregulated AMP hydrolysis and ADA2 activity and upregulated the ADA1, which reflects the ADA isoenzyme pattern observed here in the CSF of MS patients. Conclusion In this study, we determined the impaired distribution of both ADA isoenzymes in the plasma and the CSF of patients with MS. The increased ADA1 to ADA2 ratio in the CSF and plasma may translate to unfavorable phenotype that triggers ADA1-mediated pro-inflammatory mechanisms and decreases ADA2-dependent neuroprotective and growth-promoting effects in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Barbara Kutryb-Zajac,
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Fionä Caratis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk and University Clinical Center, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Aleksandra Rutkowska,
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15
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Comandatore A, Franczak M, Smolenski RT, Morelli L, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E. Lactate Dehydrogenase and its clinical significance in pancreatic and thoracic cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:93-100. [PMID: 36096316 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The energy metabolism of tumor cells is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer because it is different from normal cells and mainly consists of aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glutaminolysis. It is about one hundred years ago since Warburg observed that cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even in normoxic conditions, favoring their high proliferation rate. A pivotal enzyme driving this phenomenon is lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and this review describes prognostic and therapeutic opportunities associated with this enzyme, focussing on tumors with limited therapeutic strategies and life expectancy (i.e., pancreatic and thoracic cancers). Expression levels of LDH-A in pancreatic cancer tissues correlate with clinicopathological features: LDH-A is overexpressed during pancreatic carcinogenesis and showed significantly higher expression in more aggressive tumors. Similarly, LDH levels are a marker of negative prognosis in patients with both adenocarcinoma or squamous cell lung carcinoma, as well as in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Additionally, serum LDH levels may play a key role in the clinical management of these diseases because they are associated with tissue damage induced by tumor burden. Lastly, we discuss the promising results of strategies targeting LDH as a treatment strategy, reporting recent preclinical and translational studies supporting the use of LDH-inhibitors in combinations with current/novel chemotherapeutics that can synergistically target the oxygenated cells present in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Comandatore
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Jedrzejewska A, Braczko A, Kawecka A, Hellmann M, Siondalski P, Slominska E, Kutryb-Zajac B, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Novel Targets for a Combination of Mechanical Unloading with Pharmacotherapy in Advanced Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179886. [PMID: 36077285 PMCID: PMC9456495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LVAD therapy is an effective rescue in acute and especially chronic cardiac failure. In several scenarios, it provides a platform for regeneration and sustained myocardial recovery. While unloading seems to be a key element, pharmacotherapy may provide powerful tools to enhance effective cardiac regeneration. The synergy between LVAD support and medical agents may ensure satisfying outcomes on cardiomyocyte recovery followed by improved quality and quantity of patient life. This review summarizes the previous and contemporary strategies for combining LVAD with pharmacotherapy and proposes new therapeutic targets. Regulation of metabolic pathways, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, immunomodulating treatment, and stem-cell therapies represent therapeutic areas that require further experimental and clinical studies on their effectiveness in combination with mechanical unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Hellmann
- Department of Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Siondalski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College of London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z.); (R.T.S.)
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17
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Tomczyk M, Braczko A, Mierzejewska P, Podlacha M, Krol O, Jablonska P, Jedrzejewska A, Pierzynowska K, Wegrzyn G, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Rosiglitazone Ameliorates Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Correction of Energetics in Huntington’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172662. [PMID: 36078070 PMCID: PMC9454785 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that is accompanied by skeletal muscle atrophy and cardiomyopathy. Tissues affected by HD (central nervous system [CNS], skeletal muscle, and heart) are known to suffer from deteriorated cellular energy metabolism that manifests already at presymptomatic stages. This work aimed to test the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist—rosiglitazone on grip strength and heart function in an experimental HD model—on R6/1 mice and to address the mechanisms. We noted that rosiglitazone treatment lead to improvement of R6/1 mice grip strength and cardiac mechanical function. It was accompanied by an enhancement of the total adenine nucleotides pool, increased glucose oxidation, changes in mitochondrial number (indicated as increased citric synthase activity), and reduction in mitochondrial complex I activity. These metabolic changes were supported by increased total antioxidant status in HD mice injected with rosiglitazone. Correction of energy deficits with rosiglitazone was further indicated by decreased accumulation of nucleotide catabolites in HD mice serum. Thus, rosiglitazone treatment may not only delay neurodegeneration but also may ameliorate cardio- and myopathy linked to HD by improvement of cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wegrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
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18
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Olkowicz M, Ribeiro RVP, Yu F, Alvarez JS, Xin L, Yu M, Rosales R, Adamson MB, Bissoondath V, Smolenski RT, Billia F, Badiwala MV, Pawliszyn J. Dynamic Metabolic Changes During Prolonged Ex Situ Heart Perfusion Are Associated With Myocardial Functional Decline. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859506. [PMID: 35812438 PMCID: PMC9267769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP) was developed to preserve and evaluate donated hearts in a perfused beating state. However, myocardial function declines during ESHP, which limits the duration of perfusion and the potential to expand the donor pool. In this research, we combine a novel, minimally-invasive sampling approach with comparative global metabolite profiling to evaluate changes in the metabolomic patterns associated with declines in myocardial function during ESHP. Biocompatible solid-phase microextraction (SPME) microprobes serving as chemical biopsy were used to sample heart tissue and perfusate in a translational porcine ESHP model and a small cohort of clinical cases. In addition, six core-needle biopsies of the left ventricular wall were collected to compare the performance of our SPME sampling method against that of traditional tissue-collection. Our state-of-the-art metabolomics platform allowed us to identify a large number of significantly altered metabolites and lipid species that presented comparable profile of alterations to conventional biopsies. However, significant discrepancies in the pool of identified analytes using two sampling methods (SPME vs. biopsy) were also identified concerning mainly compounds susceptible to dynamic biotransformation and most likely being a result of low-invasive nature of SPME. Overall, our results revealed striking metabolic alterations during prolonged 8h-ESHP associated with uncontrolled inflammation not counterbalanced by resolution, endothelial injury, accelerated mitochondrial oxidative stress, the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, and the accumulation of harmful lipid species. In conclusion, the combination of perfusion parameters and metabolomics can uncover various mechanisms of organ injury and recovery, which can help differentiate between donor hearts that are transplantable from those that should be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roberto Vanin Pinto Ribeiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Frank Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juglans Souto Alvarez
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liming Xin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roizar Rosales
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell Brady Adamson
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ved Bissoondath
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Filio Billia
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Roger’s Center for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitesh Vallabh Badiwala
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Roger’s Center for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Janusz Pawliszyn,
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19
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Koszalka P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Tomczyk M, Wietrzyk J, Serafin PK, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR)—A Novel Oncometabolite Modulating Cancer-Endothelial Interactions in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105774. [PMID: 35628582 PMCID: PMC9145394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of specific metabolic intermediates is known to promote cancer progression. We analyzed the role of 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR), a nucleotide metabolite that accumulates in the blood of cancer patients, using the 4T1 murine in vivo breast cancer model, and cultured cancer (4T1) and endothelial cells (ECs) for in vitro studies. In vivo studies demonstrated that 4PYR facilitated lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. In vitro studies demonstrated that 4PYR affected extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism and the intracellular energy status in ECs, shifting catabolite patterns toward the accumulation of extracellular inosine, and leading to the increased permeability of lung ECs. These changes prevailed over the direct effect of 4PYR on 4T1 cells that reduced their invasive potential through 4PYR-induced modulation of the CD73-adenosine axis. We conclude that 4PYR is an oncometabolite that affects later stages of the metastatic cascade by acting specifically through the regulation of EC permeability and metabolic controls of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Koszalka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1410 (P.K.); +48-58-349-1006 (E.M.S.)
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Pawel K. Serafin
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland; (B.K.-Z.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (E.M.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-1410 (P.K.); +48-58-349-1006 (E.M.S.)
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20
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Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Tomczyk M, Koszalka P, Franczak M, Kawecka A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Braczko A, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Differences in Extracellular NAD+ and NMN Metabolism on the Surface of Vascular Endothelial Cells. Biology 2022; 11:biology11050675. [PMID: 35625403 PMCID: PMC9137893 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a multifunctional metabolite involved in many key cellular processes. Outside the cell, NAD+ or its metabolites are important signaling molecules, related especially to calcium homeostasis, which controls the functioning of the heart. The cleavage of NAD+ or its precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), produces derivatives entering the cell to rebuild the intracellular NAD+ pool, which is important for cells with high energy turnover. Abnormalities in NAD+ and NMN metabolism can lead to cell aging and the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that the extracellular metabolism of NAD+ and NMN is vastly different in the vascular endothelium obtained from different species and locations. This may have implications for strategies to modulate the NAD+ system and may cause difficulties for comparing the results of different reports. Abstract The disruption of the metabolism of extracellular NAD+ and NMN may affect related signaling cascades and pathologies, such as cardiovascular or respiratory system diseases. We aimed to study NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis on surface endothelial cells of diverse origins and with genetically modified nucleotide catabolism pathways. We tested lung endothelial cells isolated from C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) and C57BL/6 J CD73 knockout (CD73 KO) mice, the transfected porcine iliac artery endothelial cell line (PIEC) with the human E5NT gene for CD73 (PIEC CD73), and a mock-transfected control (PIEC MOCK), as well as HMEC-1 and H5V cells. Substrate conversion into the product was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We showed profound differences in extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism related to the vessel origin, species diversity, and type of culture. We also confirmed the involvement of CD38 and CD73 in NAD+ and NMN cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Kus F, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Inorganic Polyphosphate—Regulator of Cellular Metabolism in Homeostasis and Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040913. [PMID: 35453663 PMCID: PMC9031883 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a simple anionic polymer consisting of even hundreds of orthophosphate units, is a universal molecule present in both simple and complex organisms. PolyP controls homeostatic processes in animals, such as blood coagulation, tissue regeneration, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, this polymer is a potent regulator of inflammation and influences host immune response in bacterial and viral infections. Disturbed polyP systems have been related to several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, but we lack a full understanding of polyP biogenesis and mechanistic insights into the pathways through which polyP may act. This review summarizes recent studies that describe the role of polyP in cell homeostasis and show how disturbances in polyP levels may lead to disease. Based on the collected findings, we highlight the possible usage of this polymer as a promising therapeutic tool in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kus
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
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22
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Franczak M, Kutryb-Zajac B, El Hassouni B, Giovannetti E, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ. The effect of lactate dehydrogenase-A inhibition on intracellular nucleotides and mitochondrial respiration in pancreatic cancer cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2022; 41:1375-1385. [PMID: 35130822 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. PC is characterized by a high expression of the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A). The novel LDH-A inhibitor NHI-Glc-2 was designed for a better uptake via GLUT-1 and was shown to be cytotoxic against the PC cell line PANC-1. Using RP-HPLC we investigated its effect on adenine nucleotides and NADH/NAD+, while the Seahorse analyzer was used to determine its effect on glycolysis and mitochondrial function. A 24 hour exposure to 10 µM NHI-Glc-2 (around the IC50) decreased the ATP concentration by about 10%, but at 25 µM this decrease was 38%, while NAD+ decreased by 26%, associated with a 35% decrease in the NADH/NAD+ ratio. A 10 µM NHI-Glc-2 decreased extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption (about 75%), as well as the mitochondrial respiration parameters by 50%. In conclusion, LDH-A inhibition markedly affected the energy supply of PANC-1 cells. The respiration data indicated a dependency of the cells on glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2022.2031215 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Btissame El Hassouni
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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El-Mehalmey WA, Latif N, Ibrahim AH, Haikal RR, Mierzejewska P, Smolenski RT, Yacoub MH, Alkordi MH. Nine days extended release of adenosine from biocompatible MOFs under biologically relevant conditions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1342-1351. [PMID: 35107101 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a small molecule directly involved in maintaining homeostasis under pathological and stressful conditions. Due to its rapid metabolism, delivery vehicles capable of exhibiting extended release of adenosine are of paramount interest. Herein, we demonstrate a superior long-term (9 days) release profile of adenosine from biocompatible MOFs in a physiologically relevant environment. The key to the biocompatibility of MOFs is their stability under biologically relevant conditions. This study additionally highlights the interplay between the chemical stability of prototypal MOFs, assessed under physiological conditions, and their cytotoxicity profiles. Cytotoxicity of the prototypal Zn-based MOF (ZIF-8) and three Zr-based MOFs (UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, and MOF-801) on six cell types was assessed. The cell types selected were valve interstitial cells (VICs), valve endothelial cells (VECs), adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and cell lines U937, THP1, and HeLa. Zr-based MOFs demonstrated a wide tolerance range in the cell culture cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating cell viability up to a very high dose of ∼1000 μg mL-1, as compared to ZIF-8 which showed notable cytotoxicity in as little as ∼100 μg mL-1 dose. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utilization of biocompatible MOFs for adenosine delivery as well as establishes a direct link between structural instability in the cell culture medium and the observed cytotoxicity of the studied MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worood A El-Mehalmey
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt. .,Aswan Heart Center, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Najma Latif
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ahmed H Ibrahim
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rana R Haikal
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Aswan Heart Center, Aswan, Egypt.,Magdi Yacoub Institute, Heart Science Centre, Imperial College, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Mohamed H Alkordi
- Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
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24
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Czepiel M, Diviani D, Jaźwa-Kusior A, Tkacz K, Rolski F, Smolenski RT, Siedlar M, Eriksson U, Kania G, Błyszczuk P. Angiotensin II receptor 1 controls profibrotic Wnt/β-catenin signalling in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:573-584. [PMID: 33576779 PMCID: PMC8803091 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Angiotensin (Ang) II signalling has been suggested to promote cardiac fibrosis in inflammatory heart diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Using Agtr1a-/- mice with genetic deletion of angiotensin receptor type 1 (ATR1) and the experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model, we aimed to elucidate the role of Ang II-ATR1 pathway in development of heart-specific autoimmunity and post-inflammatory fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS EAM was induced in wild-type (WT) and Agtr1a-/- mice by subcutaneous injections with alpha myosin heavy chain peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Agtr1a-/- mice developed myocarditis to a similar extent as WT controls at day 21 but showed reduced fibrosis and better systolic function at day 40. Crisscross bone marrow chimaera experiments proved that ATR1 signalling in the bone marrow compartment was critical for cardiac fibrosis. Heart infiltrating, bone-marrow-derived cells produced Ang II, but lack of ATR1 in these cells reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-mediated fibrotic responses. At the molecular level, Agtr1a-/- heart-inflammatory cells showed impaired TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2 and TAK1. In WT cells, TGF-β induced formation of RhoA-GTP and RhoA-A-kinase anchoring protein-Lbc (AKAP-Lbc) complex. In Agtr1a-/- cells, stabilization of RhoA-GTP and interaction of RhoA with AKAP-Lbc were largely impaired. Furthermore, in contrast to WT cells, Agtr1a-/- cells stimulated with TGF-β failed to activate canonical Wnt pathway indicated by suppressed activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)β and nuclear β-catenin translocation and showed reduced expression of Wnts. In line with these in vitro findings, β-catenin was detected in inflammatory regions of hearts of WT, but not Agtr1a-/- mice and expression of canonical Wnt1 and Wnt10b were lower in Agtr1a-/- hearts. CONCLUSION Ang II-ATR1 signalling is critical for development of post-inflammatory fibrotic remodelling and dilated cardiomyopathy. Our data underpin the importance of Ang II-ATR1 in effective TGF-β downstream signalling response including activation of profibrotic Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmunity
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocarditis/genetics
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/metabolism
- Myocarditis/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/immunology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- Wnt1 Protein/genetics
- Wnt1 Protein/metabolism
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa-Kusior
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Filip Rolski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland, GZO—Zurich Regional Health Center, Spitalstrasse 66, 8620, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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25
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Meskers CJW, Franczak M, Smolenski RT, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Are we still on the right path(way)?: the altered expression of the pentose phosphate pathway in solid tumors and the potential of its inhibition in combination therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:61-83. [PMID: 35238253 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2049234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glycolysis and is crucial for cell growth, since it provides necessary compounds for anabolic reactions, nucleotide synthesis, and detoxification of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Overexpression of PPP enzymes has been reported in multiple cancer types and linked to therapy resistance, making their inhibition interesting targets for anti-cancer therapies. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the extent of PPP upregulation across different cancer types, and the non-metabolic functions that PPP-enzymes might contribute to cancer initiation and maintenance. The effects of PPP-inhibition and their combinations with chemotherapeutics are summarized. We searched the databases provided by the University of Amsterdam to characterize the altered expression of the PPP across different cancer types, and to identify the effects of PPP-inhibition. EXPERT OPINION It can be concluded that there are synergistic and additive effects of PPP-inhibition and various classes of chemotherapeutics. These effects may be attributed to the increased susceptibility to ROS. However, the toxicity, low efficacy, and off-target effects of PPP-inhibitors make application in clinical practice challenging. Novel inhibitors are currently being developed, which could make PPP-inhibition a potential therapeutic strategy in the future, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics and the inhibition of other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J W Meskers
- Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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26
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Tomczyk M, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Mika A, Przyborowski K, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Kus F, Sledzinski T, Chlopicki S, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Enhanced Muscle Strength in Dyslipidemic Mice and Its Relation to Increased Capacity for Fatty Acid Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12251. [PMID: 34830135 PMCID: PMC8620496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is commonly linked to skeletal muscle dysfunction, accumulation of intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance. However, our previous research indicated that dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double knock-out mice (ApoE/LDLR -/-) leads to improvement of exercise capacity. This study aimed to investigate in detail skeletal muscle function and metabolism in these dyslipidemic mice. We found that ApoE/LDLR -/- mice showed an increased grip strength as well as increased troponins, and Mhc2 levels in skeletal muscle. It was accompanied by the increased skeletal muscle mitochondria numbers (judged by increased citrate synthase activity) and elevated total adenine nucleotides pool. We noted increased triglycerides contents in skeletal muscles and increased serum free fatty acids (FFA) levels in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Importantly, Ranolazine mediated inhibition of FFA oxidation in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice led to the reduction of exercise capacity and total adenine nucleotides pool. Thus, this study demonstrated that increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation, an adaptive response to dyslipidemia leads to improved cellular energetics that translates to increased skeletal muscle strength and contributes to increased exercise capacity in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
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Jablonska P, Kutryb‐Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Jasztal A, Bocian B, Lango R, Rogowski J, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The new insight into extracellular NAD + degradation-the contribution of CD38 and CD73 in calcific aortic valve disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5884-5898. [PMID: 34142751 PMCID: PMC8256368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is crucial for cell energy metabolism and many signalling processes. Recently, we proved the role of ecto-enzymes in controlling adenine nucleotide-dependent pathways during calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). This study aimed to investigate extracellular hydrolysis of NAD+ and mononucleotide nicotinamide (NMN) in aortic valves and aorta fragments of CAVD patients and on the inner aortic surface of ecto-5'-nucleotidase knockout mice (CD73-/-). Human non-stenotic valves (n = 10) actively converted NAD+ and NMN via both CD73 and NAD+ -glycohydrolase (CD38) according to our analysis with RP-HPLC and immunofluorescence. In stenotic valves (n = 50), due to reduced CD73 activity, NAD+ was degraded predominantly by CD38 and additionally by ALP and eNPP1. CAVD patients had significantly higher hydrolytic rates of NAD+ (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 0.56 ± 0.10) and NMN (1.12 ± 0.10 vs 0.71 ± 0.08 nmol/min/cm2 ) compared with controls. CD38 was also primarily engaged in human vascular NAD+ metabolism. Studies using specific ecto-enzyme inhibitors and CD73-/- mice confirmed that CD73 is not the only enzyme involved in NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis and that CD38 had a significant contribution to these pathways. Modifications of extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism in aortic valve cells may be particularly important in valve pathology and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Barbara Bocian
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac AnaesthesiologyMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | | | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of BiochemistryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
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Chojnowski K, Opielka M, Nazar W, Kowianski P, Smolenski RT. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine in Ischemic Stroke-Small Steps towards Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6898. [PMID: 34199004 PMCID: PMC8268871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (Guo) is a nucleotide metabolite that acts as a potent neuromodulator with neurotrophic and regenerative properties in neurological disorders. Under brain ischemia or trauma, Guo is released to the extracellular milieu and its concentration substantially raises. In vitro studies on brain tissue slices or cell lines subjected to ischemic conditions demonstrated that Guo counteracts destructive events that occur during ischemic conditions, e.g., glutaminergic excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Moreover, Guo mitigates neuroinflammation and regulates post-translational processing. Guo asserts its neuroprotective effects via interplay with adenosine receptors, potassium channels, and excitatory amino acid transporters. Subsequently, guanosine activates several prosurvival molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt (PI3K) and MEK/ERK. Due to systemic degradation, the half-life of exogenous Guo is relatively low, thus creating difficulty regarding adequate exogenous Guo distribution. Nevertheless, in vivo studies performed on ischemic stroke rodent models provide promising results presenting a sustained decrease in infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, decrease in proinflammatory events, and stimulation of neuroregeneration through the release of neurotrophic factors. In this comprehensive review, we discuss molecular signaling related to Guo protection against brain ischemia. We present recent advances, limitations, and prospects in exogenous guanosine therapy in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Chojnowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Research Agenda 3P—Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 3A Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Kowianski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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29
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Tomczyk M, Glaser T, Slominska EM, Ulrich H, Smolenski RT. Purine Nucleotides Metabolism and Signaling in Huntington's Disease: Search for a Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126545. [PMID: 34207177 PMCID: PMC8234552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a multi-system disorder that is caused by expanded CAG repeats within the exon-1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene that translate to the polyglutamine stretch in the HTT protein. HTT interacts with the proteins involved in gene transcription, endocytosis, and metabolism. HTT may also directly or indirectly affect purine metabolism and signaling. We aimed to review existing data and discuss the modulation of the purinergic system as a new therapeutic target in HD. Impaired intracellular nucleotide metabolism in the HD affected system (CNS, skeletal muscle and heart) may lead to extracellular accumulation of purine metabolites, its unusual catabolism, and modulation of purinergic signaling. The mechanisms of observed changes might be different in affected systems. Based on collected findings, compounds leading to purine and ATP pool reconstruction as well as purinergic receptor activity modulators, i.e., P2X7 receptor antagonists, may be applied for HD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (T.G.); (H.U.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (T.G.); (H.U.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
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Tyrankiewicz U, Olkowicz M, Berkowicz P, Jablonska M, Smolenski RT, Zoladz JA, Chlopicki S. Physical Activity and Inhibition of ACE Additively Modulate ACE/ACE-2 Balance in Heart Failure in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682432. [PMID: 34163362 PMCID: PMC8215444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) and physical activity favorably modulate the ACE/ACE-2 balance. However, it is not clear whether physical activity and ACE-I could synergistically modulate ACE/ACE-2 balance in the course of heart failure (HF). Here, we studied the effects of combined spontaneous physical activity and ACE-I–based treatment on angiotensin (Ang) pattern and cardiac function in a mouse model of HF (Tgαq*44). Tgαq*44 mice with advanced HF (at the age of 12 months) were running spontaneously in a running wheel (exercise training group, ExT) and/or were treated with ACE inhibitor (ACE-I, perindopril, 10 mg/kg) for 2 months. Angiotensin profile was characterized by an LC-MS/MS-based method. The cardiac performance was assessed in vivo by MRI. Ang-(1–7)/Ang II ratio in both plasma and the aorta was significantly higher in the combined treatment group than the ACE-I group or ExT alone, suggesting the additive favorable effects on ACE-2/Ang-(1–7) and ACE/Ang II axes’ balance induced by a combination of ACE-I with ExT. The basal cardiac performance did not differ among the experimental groups of Tgαq*44 mice. We demonstrated additive changes in ACE/ACE-2 balance in both plasma and the aorta by spontaneous physical activity and ACE-I treatment in Tgαq*44 mice. However, these changes did not result in an improvement of failing heart function most likely because the disease was at the end-stage. Ang-(1–7)/Ang II balance represents a valuable biochemical end point for monitoring therapeutic intervention outcome in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Berkowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jablonska
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Harasim G, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Zielinski J, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Macrophage-Derived Adenosine Deaminase 2 Correlates with M2 Macrophage Phenotype in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3764. [PMID: 33916440 PMCID: PMC8038600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that altered adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, especially its ADA2 iso-enzyme, is associated with malignant breast cancer (BC) development. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the most challenging BC subtype due to its metastatic potential and recurrence. Herein, we analyzed the sources of ADA iso-enzymes in TNBC by investigating the effects of cell-to-cell interactions between TNBC cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. We also examined the potential relationship between ADA activity and cancer progression in TNBC patients. In vitro analyses demonstrated that the interactions of immune and endothelial cells with MDA-MB-231 triple negative BC cells modulated their extracellular adenosine metabolism pattern. However, they caused an increase in the ADA1 activity, and did not alter ADA2 activity in cancer cells. In turn, the co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells with THP-1 monocyte/macrophages, Jurkat cells, and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) caused the increase in ADA2 activity on THP-1 cells and ADA1 activity on Jurkat cells and HULEC. Clinical sample analysis revealed that TNBC patients had higher plasma ADA2 activities and lower ADA1/ADA2 ratio at advanced stages of cancer development than in the initial stages, while patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative (HR+HER2-), and triple positive (HR+HER2+) breast cancers at the same stages showed opposite trends. TNBC patients also demonstrated positive associations between plasma ADA2 activity and pro-tumor M2 macrophage markers, as well as between ADA1 activity and endothelial dysfunction or inflammatory parameters. The analysis of TNBC patients, at 6 and 12 months following cancer treatment, did not showed significant changes in plasma ADA activities and macrophage polarization markers, which may be the cause of their therapeutic failure. We conclude that alterations in both ADA iso-enzymes can play a role in breast cancer development and progression by the modulation of extracellular adenosine-dependent pathways. Additionally, the changes in ADA2 activity that may contribute to the differentiation of macrophages into unfavorable pro-tumor M2 phenotype deserve special attention in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Harasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Olkowicz M, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Szupryczynska N, Kostogrys RB, Kochan Z, Debski J, Dadlez M, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT. Multi-omic signatures of atherogenic dyslipidaemia: pre-clinical target identification and validation in humans. J Transl Med 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33407555 PMCID: PMC7789501 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanisms that translate dyslipidaemia into atherogenesis and reliable markers of its progression are yet to be fully elucidated. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analysis in an experimental model of dyslipidaemia and in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). METHODS Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and immunoassays were used to find out blood alterations at metabolite and protein levels in dyslipidaemic ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice and in FH patients to evaluate their human relevance. RESULTS We identified 15 metabolites (inhibitors and substrates of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutamine, taurine), homocysteine, methionine, 1-methylnicotinamide, alanine and hydroxyproline) and 9 proteins (C-reactive protein, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, apolipoprotein C-III, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, angiotensinogen, paraoxonase-1, fetuin-B, vitamin K-dependent protein S and biglycan) that differentiated FH patients from healthy controls. Most of these changes were consistently found in dyslipidaemic mice and were further amplified if mice were fed an atherogenic (Western or low-carbohydrate, high-protein) diet. CONCLUSIONS The alterations highlighted the involvement of an immune-inflammatory response system, oxidative stress, hyper-coagulation and impairment in the vascular function/regenerative capacity in response to dyslipidaemia that may also be directly engaged in development of atherosclerosis. Our study further identified potential biomarkers for an increased risk of atherosclerosis that may aid in clinical diagnosis or in the personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Szupryczynska
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renata B Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kochan
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Olkowicz M, Tomczyk M, Debski J, Tyrankiewicz U, Przyborowski K, Borkowski T, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Szupryczynska N, Kochan Z, Smeda M, Dadlez M, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT. Enhanced cardiac hypoxic injury in atherogenic dyslipidaemia results from alterations in the energy metabolism pattern. Metabolism 2021; 114:154400. [PMID: 33058853 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction that is known to correlate with atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. We sought to clarify whether metabolic alterations induced by dyslipidaemia in cardiomyocytes collectively constitute an alternative pathway that escalates myocardial injury. METHODS Dyslipidaemic apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor (ApoE/LDLR) double knockout (ApoE-/-/LDLR-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice aged six months old were studied. Cardiac injury under reduced oxygen supply was evaluated by 5 min exposure to 5% oxygen in the breathing air under electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and with the assessment of troponin I release. To address the mechanisms LC/MS was used to analyse the cardiac proteome pattern or in vivo metabolism of stable isotope-labelled substrates and HPLC was applied to measure concentrations of cardiac high-energy phosphates. Furthermore, the effect of blocking fatty acid use with ranolazine on the substrate preference and cardiac hypoxic damage was studied in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice. RESULTS Hypoxia induced profound changes in ECG ST-segment and troponin I leakage in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice but not in WT mice. The evaluation of the cardiac proteomic pattern revealed that ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- as compared with WT mice were characterised by coordinated increased expression of mitochondrial proteins, including enzymes of fatty acids' and branched-chain amino acids' oxidation, accompanied by decreased expression levels of glycolytic enzymes. These findings correlated with in vivo analysis, revealing a reduction in the entry of glucose and enhanced entry of leucine into the cardiac Krebs cycle, with the cardiac high-energy phosphates pool maintained. These changes were accompanied by the activation of molecular targets controlling mitochondrial metabolism. Ranolazine reversed the oxidative metabolic shift in ApoE-/-/LDLR-/- mice and reduced cardiac damage induced by hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a novel mechanism for myocardial injury in dyslipidaemia that is consequent to an increased reliance on oxidative metabolism in the heart. The alterations in the metabolic pattern that we identified constitute an adaptive mechanism that facilitates maintenance of metabolic equilibrium and cardiac function under normoxia. However, this adaptation could account for myocardial injury even in a mild reduction of oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Debski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szupryczynska
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zdzislaw Kochan
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Smeda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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34
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Therapeutic Perspectives of Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204652. [PMID: 33053898 PMCID: PMC7587364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of purine metabolism that irreversibly converts adenosine to inosine or 2'deoxyadenosine to 2'deoxyinosine. ADA is active both inside the cell and on the cell surface where it was found to interact with membrane proteins, such as CD26 and adenosine receptors, forming ecto-ADA (eADA). In addition to adenosine uptake, the activity of eADA is an essential mechanism that terminates adenosine signaling. This is particularly important in cardiovascular system, where adenosine protects against endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, or thrombosis. Besides enzymatic function, ADA protein mediates cell-to-cell interactions involved in lymphocyte co-stimulation or endothelial activation. Furthermore, alteration in ADA activity was demonstrated in many cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, thrombosis, or diabetes. Modulation of ADA activity could be an important therapeutic target. This work provides a systematic review of ADA activity and anchoring inhibitors as well as summarizes the perspectives of their therapeutic use in cardiovascular pathologies associated with increased activity of ADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-64 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
| | | | | | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Correspondence: (B.K.-Z); (R.T.S.); Tel.: +48-58-349-14-64 (B.K.-Z.); +48-58-349-14-60 (R.T.S.)
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Peplinska-Miaskowska J, Wichowicz H, Smolenski RT, Jablonska P, Kaska L. Comparison of plasma nucleotide metabolites and amino acids pattern in patients with binge eating disorder and obesity. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2020; 40:32-42. [PMID: 33021434 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1825733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) increasingly affects population, but the mechanisms of the disease and its biomarkers are not well characterized. Recently, plasma purines, pyrimidines, amino acid and nicotinamide metabolites profiling attracted attention in studies on pathology and biomarkers of mental disorders but has not been adequately studied in BED. Blood and plasma samples were taken from patients with adult obese with BED (n = 20) and control adult obese without BED (n = 17). Plasma samples were analyzed for nucleotides and amino acid concentrations with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. BED had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower uridine and hypoxanthine to creatinine ratio compared to the control group. Among the amino acids BED patients had significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentrations of glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine and the whole branched-chain amino acids group, while the concentration of citrulline was increased. Among nicotinamide metabolites, 1-methylnicotinamide levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. This study highlights potential use of profiling nucleotide metabolite and amino acid pattern in BED patients that may provide information on mechanisms and potential biomarkers. However, further investigation in larger population is necessary to identify clinical correlates of the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Wichowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Health Sciences Słupsk ul
| | | | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Tomczyk M, Glaser T, Ulrich H, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Huntingtin protein maintains balanced energetics in mouse cardiomyocytes. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2020; 41:231-238. [PMID: 32933349 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1815769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntingtin (HTT) is a multifunctional protein crucial for proper embryogenesis and nervous system development. Mutation of a single allele in gene coded this protein results in the Huntington׳s disease (HD). There is growing evidence of cardiovascular system pathologies coexisting with the neurological symptoms in HD patients. Thus, this study aims to establish the role of huntingtin protein in cardiomyocytes cellular energy and nucleotides metabolism. We used HTT KO mice embryonic stem cells (ESC) obtained with CRISPR method, wild type mice ESC treated by CRISPR with Scramble control sequence (SCR) as well as wild type (WT) mice ESC and differentiate it into cardiomyocytes. Analysis of intracellular concentration of ATP, ADP, and NAD+, as well as nucleotide catabolites were performed with HPLC. We noted that HTT null cardiomyocytes showed diminished intracellular ATP (4.9 ± 0.5; 6.7 ± 0.4 nmol/mg protein HTT KO vs. SCR) and NAD+ (0.9 ± 0.1; 1.6 ± 0.1 nmol/mg HTT KO vs. SCR). We noted also reduced cellular medium concentration of total purines pool (17.1 ± 1.7; 24.7 ± 2.7 nmol/ml HTT KO vs. SCR) as well as IMP concentration (7.7 ± 0.6; 10.2 ± 0.4 nmol/ml HTT KO vs. SCR). This study indicates that HTT plays an important role in cellular energy balance as well as in nucleotide metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, our findings underline that the deterioration in energy metabolism observed in HD may be caused not only by cellular mutant HTT accumulation but also by the loss of HTT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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El Hassouni B, Franczak M, Capula M, Vonk CM, Gomez VM, Smolenski RT, Granchi C, Peters GJ, Minutolo F, Giovannetti E. Lactate dehydrogenase A inhibition by small molecular entities: steps in the right direction. Oncoscience 2020; 7:76-80. [PMID: 33195739 PMCID: PMC7640902 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct targeting of energy metabolism to defeat cancer is not a recent strategy. Although quite a few drugs use cellular metabolism for their antitumor effect, no direct inhibitors of energy metabolism have been approved by the FDA. Currently, several inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), a key player in glycolysis, are in development. Earlier, we demonstrated the efficacy of N-hydroxyindole-based LDH-A inhibitors in different cancer types. In this study we describe the efficacy of NHI-Glc-2, which is designed to dual target cancer cells, by exploiting a simultaneous enhanced glucose uptake by overexpressed glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and by inhibition of LDH-A. NHI-Glc-2 inhibits LDH-A enzyme activity, PANC-1 cell growth and disrupts spheroid integrity, with an overall effect that is more pronounced when combined with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame El Hassouni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Christian M Vonk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Valentina M Gomez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
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Opielka M, Sobocki B, Mierzejewska P, Smolenski RT. The effect of trehalose on intracellular and extracellular nucleotide metabolism. A pilot study. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2020; 39:1400-1409. [PMID: 32571143 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1772492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a stable, non-reducing disaccharide, which was found recently to stimulate autophagy, limit the inflammatory response and suppress the growth of specific types of cancer. Purinergic signaling and dysregulation of nucleotide metabolism are the key factors, which play a role in the pathophysiology of cancer development and inflammation. Therefore, this study took a novel approach and aimed to find the effect of trehalose on intracellular, and the extracellular metabolism of nucleotides and NAD + in endothelial and breast cancer cells. The results of this study indicated that in vitro concentrations of trehalose between 0.5 and 5 mM reduced the levels of intracellular NAD + in breast cancer cells. The decrease of intracellular guanosine, independent of GTP energy metabolism, was also observed in both endothelial and cancer cells. Trehalose decreased the activity of ecto-adenosine deaminase. Maximal 3-fold decrease in adenosine deamination was observed in both cell types. Trehalose causes changes in both intracellular and extracellular nucleotide metabolism that is more significant in cancer cells than in endothelium. This effect may have therapeutic potential in cancer and endothelial dysfunction, but its full clarification requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sobocki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Jablonska P, Hebanowska A, Lango R, Rogowski J, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Statin treatment of patients with calcific aortic valve disease modulates extracellular adenosine metabolism on the cell surface of the aortic valve. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2020; 39:1389-1399. [PMID: 32126886 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1733603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Statins efficiently prevent cardiovascular events by lipid-dependent and independent mechanisms. We hypothesize that part of these protective effects could be associated with an increased extracellular adenosine signaling. We demonstrated previously that aortic valves obtained from patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) disclosed disturbances in extracellular adenosine metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the impact of statin treatment on extracellular nucleotides and adenosine metabolism in aortic valves originated from CAVD patients and to elucidate potential mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of ecto-enzyme activities by statins. Aortic valves of CAVD patients treated with statins (n = 45) revealed higher adenosine production and its lower degradation than in non-treated patients (n = 28). Statin treatment was also related to the improvement in pre-operative echocardiographic data indicating milder aortic valve stenosis and a better function of the left ventricle. The rates of aortic valve adenosine conversions correlated with plasma lipid profile parameters, within both statin-treated and non-treated groups. Valvular extracellular AMP hydrolysis correlated negatively, while adenosine deamination positively with plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Atorvastatin treatment of murine heart endothelial cells led to the enhanced ecto-5'nucleotidase (CD73) and decreased ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) activity. When endothelial cells were stimulated with thrombin that induces endothelial cell exocytosis, activities of both cell-surface CD73 and eADA were increased, while co-treatment with atorvastatin reversed only thrombin-induced eADA activity. In conclusion, early intervention with statins may provide beneficial effects for CAVD therapy. Here, we presented results showing that these protective outcomes could be mediated via the regulation of extracellular adenosine metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Chair and Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Jablonska P, Serocki M, Bulinska A, Mierzejewska P, Friebe D, Alter C, Jasztal A, Lango R, Rogowski J, Bartoszewski R, Slominska EM, Chlopicki S, Schrader J, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide ecto-enzyme metabolic pattern and spatial distribution in calcific aortic valve disease; its relation to pathological changes and clinical presentation. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:137-160. [PMID: 31144065 PMCID: PMC6989624 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular nucleotide metabolism contributes to chronic inflammation, cell differentiation, and tissue mineralization by controlling nucleotide and adenosine concentrations and hence its purinergic effects. This study investigated location-specific changes of extracellular nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves of patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Individual ecto-enzymes and adenosine receptors involved were analyzed together with correlation with CAVD severity and risk factors. RESULTS Nucleotide and adenosine degradation rates were adversely modified on the aortic surface of stenotic valve as compared to ventricular side, including decreased ATP removal (1.25 ± 0.35 vs. 2.24 ± 0.61 nmol/min/cm2) and adenosine production (1.32 ± 0.12 vs. 2.49 ± 0.28 nmol/min/cm2) as well as increased adenosine deamination (1.28 ± 0.31 vs. 0.67 ± 0.11 nmol/min/cm2). The rates of nucleotide to adenosine conversions were lower, while adenosine deamination was higher on the aortic sides of stenotic vs. non-stenotic valve. There were no differences in extracellular nucleotide metabolism between aortic and ventricular sides of non-stenotic valves. Furthermore, nucleotide degradation rates, measured on aortic side in CAVD (n = 62), negatively correlated with echocardiographic and biochemical parameters of disease severity (aortic jet velocity vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.30, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.44, p < 0.001; valvular phosphate concentration vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.26, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.25, p = 0.05) while adenosine deamination showed positive correlation trend with valvular phosphate deposits (r = 0.23, p = 0.07). Nucleotide and adenosine conversion rates also correlated with CAVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia (AMP hydrolysis vs. serum LDL cholesterol: r = - 0.28, p = 0.05; adenosine deamination vs. total cholesterol: r = 0.25, p = 0.05; LDL cholesterol: r = 0.28, p < 0.05; triglycerides: r = 0.32, p < 0.05), hypertension (adenosine deamination vs. systolic blood pressure: r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and thrombosis (ATP hydrolysis vs. prothrombin time: r = - 0.35, p < 0.01). Functional assays as well as histological and immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR studies identified all major ecto-enzymes engaged in nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves that included ecto-nucleotidases, alkaline phosphatase, and ecto-adenosine deaminase. We have shown that changes in nucleotide-converting ecto-enzymes were derived from their altered activities on valve cells and immune cell infiltrate. We have also demonstrated a presence of A1, A2a and A2b adenosine receptors with diminished expression of A2a and A2b in stenotic vs. non-stenotic valves. Finally, we revealed that augmenting adenosine effects by blocking adenosine deamination with deoxycoformycin decreased aortic valve thickness and reduced markers of calcification via adenosine-dependent pathways in a mouse model of CAVD. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights profound changes in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine metabolism in CAVD. Altered extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis and degradation of adenosine in stenotic valves may affect purinergic responses to support a pro-stenotic milieu and valve calcification. This emphasizes a potential mechanism and target for prevention and therapy. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Bulinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Chair and Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College of London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mika A, Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Chomiczewska A, Swierczynski J, Smolenski RT, Sledzinski T. Evidence That the Length of Bile Loop Determines Serum Bile Acid Concentration and Glycemic Control After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2019; 28:3405-3414. [PMID: 29790128 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery contributes to the improvement in glucose metabolism that may be related to a postoperative increase in serum bile acids (BAs). Three commonly used types of bariatric procedures, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (without creation of a bile loop), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and omega-loop gastric bypass (OLGB) (with creation of shorter 100-150 cm and longer 200-280 cm bile loops, respectively), differ in their effects on glycemic control. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of various bariatric procedures on serum BA concentration and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Serum BAs in 26 obese patients were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to bariatric surgery, as well as 4 days and 3 months thereafter. RESULTS Four days after the surgery, serum concentrations of BAs in LSG and OLGB groups were similar as prior to the procedure, and a slight decrease in serum BAs was observed in the RYGB group. Serum BA level in the LSG group remained unchanged also at 3 months after the surgery, whereas a significant 0.5- and 3-fold increase in this parameter was noted in the RYGB and OLGB groups, respectively. Serum concentration of BAs correlated positively with the length of the bile loop (R = 0.47, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The evident improvement of glycemic control observed 3 months after OLGB might be associated with a postoperative increase in serum BAs, resulting from their better absorption from the longer bile loop. However, the changes in serum BAs probably had little or no impact on insulin sensitivity improvement at 4 days post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 17 Smoluchowskiego, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 17 Smoluchowskiego, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chomiczewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, 1 Lesna, 75-582, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Mierzejewska P, Zabielska MA, Kutryb-Zajac B, Tomczyk M, Koszalka P, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Impaired L-arginine metabolism marks endothelial dysfunction in CD73-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:133-142. [PMID: 31093850 PMCID: PMC6616215 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity—an extracellular nucleotide catabolic enzyme may lead to the inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the effect of CD73 deletion on the endothelial function and l-arginine metabolism in various age groups of mice. 1-,3-,6-, and 12-month-old, male C57BL/6 J wild type (WT) and C57BL/6 J CD73−/− (CD73−/−) mice were used. Blood samples were used for the analysis of adenine nucleotide concentrations. Serum samples were analyzed for the concentration of amino acids, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level. Serum and aortic nitrate/nitrite, as well as aortic arginase and NOS activity in endothelial cells (EC) were evaluated. CD73 deletion led to age-dependent increase in IL-6, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 concentration compared to WT. All CD73−/− mice age groups were characterized by reduced l-Arginine concentration and eNOS level. Significantly lower NOS activity was noticed in EC isolated from CD73−/− mice lungs in comparison to EC isolated from WT lungs. The l-Arginine/ADMA ratio in the CD73−/− decreased in age-dependent manner in comparison to WT. The nitrate/nitrite ratio was reduced in serum and in aortas of 6-month-old CD73−/− mice as compared to WT. The ornithine/arginine and ornithine/citrulline ratios were increased in CD73−/− compared to controls. Blood (erythrocyte) Adenosine-5′-triphosphate and Adenosine-5′-diphosphate levels were reduced in favor to higher blood Adenosine-5′-monophosphate concentration in CD73−/− mice in comparison to WT. The CD73 deletion leads to the development of age-dependent endothelial dysfunction in mice, associated with impaired l-arginine metabolism. CD73 activity seems to protect endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M A Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - P Koszalka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Watson SA, Duff J, Bardi I, Zabielska M, Atanur SS, Jabbour RJ, Simon A, Tomas A, Smolenski RT, Harding SE, Perbellini F, Terracciano CM. Biomimetic electromechanical stimulation to maintain adult myocardial slices in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2168. [PMID: 31092830 PMCID: PMC6520377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac tissue undergoes a rapid process of dedifferentiation when cultured outside the body. The in vivo environment, particularly constant electromechanical stimulation, is fundamental to the regulation of cardiac structure and function. We investigated the role of electromechanical stimulation in preventing culture-induced dedifferentiation of adult cardiac tissue using rat, rabbit and human heart failure myocardial slices. Here we report that the application of a preload equivalent to sarcomere length (SL) = 2.2 μm is optimal for the maintenance of rat myocardial slice structural, functional and transcriptional properties at 24 h. Gene sets associated with the preservation of structure and function are activated, while gene sets involved in dedifferentiation are suppressed. The maximum contractility of human heart failure myocardial slices at 24 h is also optimally maintained at SL = 2.2 μm. Rabbit myocardial slices cultured at SL = 2.2 μm remain stable for 5 days. This approach substantially prolongs the culture of adult cardiac tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Watson
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James Duff
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ifigeneia Bardi
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Magdalena Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Santosh S Atanur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - André Simon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Rzyman W, Dziadziuszko R, Polanska J, Sitkiewicz M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Increased plasma concentration of 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-ß-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) in lung cancer. Preliminary studies. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2019; 38:781-787. [PMID: 30990116 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) is a new nicotinamide derivative, which is potentially toxic to the endothelium. Dysfunction of the endothelium promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze 4PYR concentration in the plasma of lung cancer patients and its relationship to other known biochemical parameters associated with the endothelium function. The concentration of 4PYR, nicotinamide, 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA), amino acids, and their derivatives were measured in samples obtained from patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma (n = 48) and control group (n = 100). The concentration of 4PYR and 4PYR/MNA ratio were significantly higher in lung cancer patients as compared to controls (0.099 ± 0.009 vs. 0.066 ± 0.006 µmol/L and 1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 1.97 ± 0.15, respectively). The plasma arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (Arg/ADMA) ratio was considerably lower in lung cancer patients (253 ± 17 vs. 369 ± 19) as well as plasma MNA (0.057 ± 0.004 vs. 0.069 ± 0.003 µmol/L). There was no difference in the plasma concentrations of nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside in both groups (0.116 ± 0.019 vs. 0.131 ± 0.014 and 0.102 ± 0.006 vs. 0.113 ± 0.011, respectively). In this study, a higher 4PYR concentration was observed for the first time in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. This change may be related to the endothelial dysfunction that promote cancer progression since 4PYR and its derivatives are known to disrupt glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jablonska
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | - Witold Rzyman
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- c Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Joanna Polanska
- d Institute of Automatic Control, Electronics, and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Magdalena Sitkiewicz
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Mierzejewska P, Gawlik-Jakubczak T, Jablonska P, Czajkowski M, Kutryb-Zajac B, Smolenski RT, Matuszewski M, Slominska EM. Nicotinamide metabolism alterations in bladder cancer: Preliminary studies. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2019; 37:687-695. [PMID: 30663499 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1535124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer is one of the main cause of death in Western countries. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Nicotinamide (NA) - known for its anti-inflammatory properties - participates in the processes related to the cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, which are relevant in cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the nicotinamide metabolism alterations in bladder cancer. METHODS Blood and plasma samples of patients with bladder cancer were collected. Blood pyridine and adenine nucleotides concentration were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma nicotinamide metabolites concentration were determined using high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS Our results indicated that the development of bladder cancer caused significant decrease in the concentration of N-methylnicotinamide (MetNA) (0.07 ± 0.02 vs 0.1 ± 0.03 µmol/l) and an increase in the concentration of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Met2PY) - one of the final nicotinamide metabolites: (1.1 ± 0.15 vs 0.7 ± 0.07 µmol/l) in comparison to the control. The association between the stage of cancer and the increase in both, Met2PY and Met4PY levels was observed. Blood ATP and NAD levels were significantly decreased in bladder cancer patients as compared to the control (970.8 ± 77.84 vs 1165.00 ± 57.76 µmol/l; 45.86 ± 2.98 vs 53.06 ± 2.28 µmol/l respectively). CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer development caused substantial changes in nicotinamide metabolism, such as decreased plasma MetNA and increased Met2PY concentration. Analysis of the nicotinamide and its metabolites concentrations - as new biomarkers - may allow to track the course of pathological processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrycja Jablonska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | - R T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Sucajtys-Szulc E, Bulinska A, Zabielska MA, Jablonska P, Serocki M, Koszalka P, Milczarek R, Jasztal A, Bartoszewski R, Chlopicki S, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Inhibition of LPS-stimulated ecto-adenosine deaminase attenuates endothelial cell activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:62-76. [PMID: 30641086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is an important factor in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Changes in the extracellular nucleotide and in particular adenosine catabolism may alter a chronic inflammation and endothelial activation. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between vascular ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) activity and endothelial activation in humans and to analyze the effects of LPS-mediated inflammation on this activity as well as mechanisms of its increase. Moreover, we investigated a therapeutic potential of ADA inhibition by deoxycofromycin (dCF) for endothelial activation. We demonstrated a positive correlation of vascular eADA activity and ADA1 mRNA expression with endothelial activation parameters in humans with atherosclerosis. The activation of vascular eADA was also observed under LPS stimulation in vivo along with endothelial activation, an increase in markers of inflammation and alterations in the lipid profile of a rat model. Ex vivo and in vitro studies on human specimen demonstrated that at an early stage of vascular pathology, eADA activity originated from activated endothelial cells, while at later stages also from an inflammatory infiltrate. We proposed that LPS-stimulated increase in endothelial adenosine deaminase activity could be a result of IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway activation, since the lack of IL-6 in mice was associated with lower vascular and plasma eADA activities. Furthermore, the inhibitors of JAK/STAT pathway decreased LPS-stimulated adenosine deaminase activity in endothelial cells. We demonstrated that cell surface eADA activity could be additionally regulated by transcytosis pathways, as exocytosis inhibitors including lipid raft inhibitor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased LPS-induced eADA activity. This suggests that cholesterol-dependent protein externalization mediated by lipid rafts could be an important factor in the eADA increase. Moreover, endocytosis inhibitors and exocytosis activators increased this activity on the cell surface. Furthermore, the inhibition of adenosine deaminase in endothelial cells in vitro attenuated LPS-mediated IL-6 release and soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentration in the incubation medium through the restoration of the extracellular adenosine pool and adenosine receptor-dependent pathways. This study demonstrated that the vascular endothelial eADA activity remains under control of inflammatory mediators acting through JAK/STAT pathway that could be further modified by dyslipidemic-dependent exocytosis and transcytosis pathways. Inhibition of eADA blocked endothelial activation suggesting a crucial role of this enzyme in the control of vascular inflammation. This supports the concept of eADA targeted vascular protection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sucajtys-Szulc
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki St., 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Bulinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena A Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 St., 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard Milczarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 St., 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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Tomczyk M, Mierzejewska P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. The metabolism of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) inhibitor-α,β-methylene adenosine diphosphate in BALB/c mice. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2019; 37:709-716. [PMID: 30623751 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1489052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD73 inhibitors are considered to be used in the therapies of melanomas, gliomas or breast cancer. However, little is known about their pharmacology and kinetics in mouse experimental models. Thus, this study is aimed to define a metabolic stability and elimination of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) analog - α,β-Methylene-ADP also known as AOPCP in BALB/c mice. The process starts with an intravenous injection of AOPCP, next blood and serum samples are collected. Urine samples are possessed by a bladder puncture. Mice aortas are dissected for the e5NT activity evaluation. In order to assess the AOPCP degradation, the incubation of AOPCP in mice blood and plasma is performed. The AOPCP concentration as well as the activity of e5NT were analyzed with the reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The study shows that after 60 minutes of the 20 mg/kg intravenous injection of AOPCP (body weight dose), the concentration of AOPCP in blood diminished rapidly from 38.6 ± 5.0 µM (measured 5 minutes after the injection) to 6.4 ± 1.4 µM. Interestingly, it is also noted that 60 minutes after the incubation of mice blood samples the AOPCP concentration decreases from 50 µM to 30.0 ± 0.3 µM. This study demonstrates a significant and quick decrease of AOPCP concentration in BALB/c mice blood after the intravenous injection and in isolated blood sample incubation. These findings emphasize the quick elimination of AOPCP as well as its instability and suggest that the AOPCP concentration have to be accurately and frequently monitored in all the studies that address its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Bulinska A, Zabielska MA, Mierzejewska P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Vascular extracellular adenosine metabolism in mice correlates with susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2018; 37:653-662. [PMID: 30587087 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1489051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are widely used in atherosclerosis research. The most useful, economic and valid is mouse genetic model of this pathology. Purinergic signaling is an important mechanism regulating processes involved in the vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to measure vascular activities of nucleotide and adenosine-degrading ecto-enzymes in different strains of mice and to compare them to atherosclerotic susceptibility. The vascular extracellular nucleotide catabolism pathway was analyzed in 6-month-old male genetically unmodified mouse strains: FVB/NJ, DBA/2J, BALB/c, C57Bl/6J and mouse knock-outs on C57Bl/6J background for LDLR (LDLR-/-) and for ApoE and LDLR (ApoE-/-LDLR-/-). LDLR-/- mice were a model of moderate hypercholesterolemia, while ApoE-/-LDLR-/- mice, a model of severe hypercholesterolemia with advanced atherosclerosis. FVB/NJ, DBA/2J and BALB/c mice showed high rates of vascular extracellular AMP hydrolysis and low activity of adenosine deamination. In turn, all mice with the C57Bl/6J background expressed diminished activity of vascular AMP hydrolysis. Mice with genetically-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis on the C57Bl/6J background revealed increased ecto-adenosine deaminase activity. Mouse strains that were resistant to atherosclerosis (FVB/NJ, DBA/2J, BALB/c) exhibited a protective extracellular vascular ecto-enzyme pattern directed toward the production of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic adenosine. In turn, mice with genetically induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis expressed disturbed activities of ecto-5'nucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase related to decreased production and increased degradation of extracellular adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Bulinska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Koszalka P, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. The effects of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic factors on intracellular nucleotide concentration in murine endothelial cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2018; 37:645-652. [PMID: 30587074 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1498513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation and dysfunction could lead to endothelial injury that is an important factor in the development of vascular diseases. Vascular injury is strongly associated with disturbed endothelial cell energetics and pyridine nucleotide pool. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inflammatory stimuli (IL-6, LPS), uric acid, hyperglycemia, fatty acids, flavonoids, statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in cultured endothelial cells. Murine-immortalized heart endothelial cells (H5V cells) were treated with different concentrations of pro- and anti-atherosclerotic factors and intracellular concentration of nucleotides were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Intracellular ATP concentration in H5V cells was not changed by inflammatory stimuli (IL-6 and LPS), uric acid, glucose, atorvastatin, acetylsalicylic acid, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Only high concentration of palmitic acid (1 mM) and kaempferol (>0.1 mM) decreased intracellular ATP concentration. The concentration of intracellular ADP has not been altered by any of tested compounds. In turn, intracellular NAD+ pool was modified only by polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin. Linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and atorvastatin increased cellular NAD+ concentration. Tested compounds have a small influence on murine endothelial cell energetics, but polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin increased intracellular NAD+ concentration that could be an important protective mechanism against endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- b Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Toczek M, Pierzynowska K, Kutryb-Zajac B, Gaffke L, Slominska EM, Wegrzyn G, Smolenski RT. Characterization of adenine nucleotide metabolism in the cellular model of Huntington's disease. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2018; 37:630-638. [PMID: 30587076 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1481508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by expanded CAG repeats within the exon-1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. It has been shown that HTT interacts with the proteins involved in the gene transcription, endocytosis and metabolism, nevertheless the biochemical pathways by which mutant HTT causes a cellular dysfunction remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to establish the role of mutant HTT expansion in energy and nucleotide metabolism deteriorations. We examined HEK 293 T cell line transfected with plasmids expressing wild-type (control) or mutant exon 1 of the HTT gene (HD). Analysis of intracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), as well as activities of intra- and extracellular enzymes of nucleotide catabolism (such as adenine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD), adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (eNTPD), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT), ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) were performed with high pressure liquid chromatography. Protein concentration was measured with Bradford method. We found diminished intracellular ATP concentration (22.5 ± 1.7 in HD; 29.3 ± 1.4 nmol/mg protein in control), increased ADA activity (27.9 ± 1.0 in HD; 21.1 ± 1.6 nmol/min/mg protein in control) and reduced activities of eNTPD (2.4 ± 0.5 in HD; 5.8 ± 0.7 nmol/min/mg protein in control), e5NT (0.1 ± 0.01 in HD; 0.2 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein in control) and eADA (0.3 ± 0.03 in HD; 0.4 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein in control) while NAD+ concentration, AMPD and PNP activities remained unchanged. This study highlights that the mutant HTT expansion resulted in depletion of cellular ATP concentration and reduced rates of extracellular nucleotide breakdown. In conclusion, such changes may contribute to the pathology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toczek
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | - Lidia Gaffke
- b Department of Molecular Biology , University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wegrzyn
- b Department of Molecular Biology , University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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