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Borowska-Beszta M, Smoktunowicz M, Horoszkiewicz D, Jonca J, Waleron MM, Gawor J, Mika A, Sledzinski T, Waleron K, Waleron M. Comparative genomics, pangenomics, and phenomic studies of Pectobacterium betavasculorum strains isolated from sugar beet, potato, sunflower, and artichoke: insights into pathogenicity, virulence determinants, and adaptation to the host plant. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1352318. [PMID: 38576793 PMCID: PMC10991766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1352318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Bacteria of genus Pectobacterium, encompassing economically significant pathogens affecting various plants, includes the species P. betavasculorum, initially associated with beetroot infection. However, its host range is much broader. It causes diseases of sunflower, potato, tomato, carrots, sweet potato, radish, squash, cucumber, and chrysanthemum. To explain this phenomenon, a comprehensive pathogenomic and phenomic characterisation of P. betavasculorum species was performed. Methods Genomes of P. betavasculorum strains isolated from potato, sunflower, and artichoke were sequenced and compared with those from sugar beet isolates. Metabolic profiling and pathogenomic analyses were conducted to assess virulence determinants and adaptation potential. Pathogenicity assays were performed on potato tubers and chicory leaves to confirm in silico predictions of disease symptoms. Phenotypic assays were also conducted to assess the strains ability to synthesise homoserine lactones and siderophores. Results The genome size ranged from 4.675 to 4.931 kbp, and GC % was between 51.0% and 51.2%. The pangenome of P. betavasculorum is open and comprises, on average, 4,220 gene families. Of these, 83% of genes are the core genome, and 2% of the entire pangenome are unique genes. Strains isolated from sugar beet have a smaller pangenome size and a higher number of unique genes than those from other plants. Interestingly, genomes of strains from artichoke and sunflower share 391 common CDS that are not present in the genomes of other strains from sugar beet or potato. Those strains have only one unique gene. All strains could use numerous sugars as building materials and energy sources and possessed a high repertoire of virulence determinants in the genomes. P. betavasculorum strains were able to cause disease symptoms on potato tubers and chicory leaves. They were also able to synthesise homoserine lactones and siderophores. Discussion The findings underscore the adaptability of P. betavasculorum to diverse hosts and environments. Strains adapted to plants with high sugar content in tissues have a different composition of fatty acids in membranes and a different mechanism of replenishing nitrogen in case of deficiency of this compound than strains derived from other plant species. Extensive phenomics and genomic analyses performed in this study have shown that P. betavasculorum species is an agronomically relevant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borowska-Beszta
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Smoktunowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Daria Horoszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jonca
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Mateusz Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Gawor
- DNA Sequencing & Synthesis Facility, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Waleron
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Sternak M, Stojak M, Banasik T, Kij A, Bar A, Pacia MZ, Wojnar-Lason K, Chorazy N, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Berkimbayeva Z, Mika A, Chlopicki S. Vascular ATGL-dependent lipolysis and the activation of cPLA 2-PGI 2 pathway protect against postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38467757 PMCID: PMC10927860 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is involved in lipolysis and displays a detrimental pathophysiological role in cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the organo-protective effects of ATGL-induced lipolysis were also suggested. The aim of this work was to characterize the function of lipid droplets (LDs) and ATGL-induced lipolysis in the regulation of endothelial function. ATGL-dependent LDs hydrolysis and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-derived eicosanoids production were studied in the aorta, endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to exogenous oleic acid (OA) or arachidonic acid (AA). Functional effects of ATGL-dependent lipolysis and subsequent activation of cPLA2/PGI2 pathway were also studied in vivo in relation to postprandial endothelial dysfunction.The formation of LDs was invariably associated with elevated production of endogenous AA-derived prostacyclin (PGI2). In the presence of the inhibitor of ATGL or the inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2, the production of eicosanoids was reduced, with a concomitant increase in the number of LDs. OA administration impaired endothelial barrier integrity in vitro that was further impaired if OA was given together with ATGL inhibitor. Importantly, in vivo, olive oil induced postprandial endothelial dysfunction that was significantly deteriorated by ATGL inhibition, cPLA2 inhibition or by prostacyclin (IP) receptor blockade.In summary, vascular LDs formation induced by exogenous AA or OA was associated with ATGL- and cPLA2-dependent PGI2 production from endogenous AA. The inhibition of ATGL resulted in an impairment of endothelial barrier function in vitro. The inhibition of ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway resulted in the deterioration of endothelial function upon exposure to olive oil in vivo. In conclusion, vascular ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway activated by lipid overload and linked to LDs formation in endothelium and smooth muscle cells has a vasoprotective role by counterbalancing detrimental effects of lipid overload on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Banasik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Berkimbayeva
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, Gdansk, Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland.
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Gogga P, Mika A, Janczy A, Sztendel A, Sledzinski T, Małgorzewicz S. Profiles of Serum Fatty Acids in Healthy Women on Different Types of Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2024; 16:516. [PMID: 38398839 PMCID: PMC10891928 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based dietary patterns are a source of different amounts and proportions of fatty acids (FAs) from those in traditional diets. Information about the full FAs profile provided by plant-based diets is widely lacking. The aim of this study was to present the exact serum profiles of FAs among people on a plant-based diet compared with omnivorous subjects. METHODS FAs compositions and inflammation statuses (based on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels) were studied in serum samples obtained from 102 female volunteers (divided into four groups: vegans, vegetarians, pescatarians, and omnivores). The quality of the volunteers' diets was assessed based on seven-day dietary records. RESULTS Both vegans and vegetarians had lower total n-3 PUFAs, EPA, and DHA serum levels than omnivores. Decreased levels of these FAs presumably did not cause inflammation in vegetarians and vegans, as vegetarians had similar serum levels of CRP compared to omnivores, and vegans had even lower levels. CONCLUSION The analysis of serum FAs and CRP levels in vegetarians and vegans suggests that factors other than diet alone influence inflammation and overall health status. Further research on long-term plant-based diet users is needed to better understand this issue, and supplementation with EPA and DHA is worth considering in vegans and vegetarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Gogga
- Department of Food Commodity Science, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (A.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Food Commodity Science, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Alicja Sztendel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (A.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (A.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Sylwia Małgorzewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martinez-Sanchez MA, Martínez-Montoro JI, Balaguer-Román A, Murcia-García E, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Martínez-Cáceres CM, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Hernández-Morante JJ, Fernández-García JC, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Mika A, Ramos-Molina B. Lipidomic analysis reveals alterations in hepatic FA profile associated with MASLD stage in patients with obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae028. [PMID: 38217869 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Excess caloric intake and high-fat diets are considered to significantly contribute to MASLD development. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hepatic and serum fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with different stages of MASLD, and their relationship with FA dietary intake and MASLD-related risk factors. METHODS This was a case-control study in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at a University Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Participants were distributed in three groups: no MASLD (n = 26), steatotic liver disease (n = 33), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (n = 32). Hepatic and serum FAs levels were determined by GC-MS. The nutritional status was evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires. The hepatic expression of genes involved in FA metabolism was analyzed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The hepatic, but not serum, FA profiles were significantly altered in patients with MASLD compared to those without MASLD. No differences were observed in FA intake between the groups. Levels of C16:0, C18:1, and the C18:1/C18:0 ratio were higher, while C18:0 levels and C18:0/C16:0 ratio were lower in patients with MASLD being significantly different between the three groups. Hepatic FA levels and ratios correlated with histopathological diagnosis and other MASLD-related parameters. The expression of genes involved in the FA metabolism was upregulated in patients with MASLD. CONCLUSION Alterations in hepatic FA levels in MASLD patients were due to an enhancement of the de novo lipogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Andrés Balaguer-Román
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Murcia-García
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Nursing, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Esperanza Fernández-Ruiz
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer-Gómez
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - María Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Hernández-Morante
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Nursing, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemical and Immunology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Szymanski M, Wilczynski M, Pakiet A, Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Bigda J, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Effect of Primary Versus Revisional One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) on Fatty Acid Profile. Obes Surg 2024; 34:77-85. [PMID: 37964164 PMCID: PMC10781856 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is one option of a revisional procedure for failed sleeve gastrectomy. Moreover, it can be used as a primary bariatric procedure, and is an effective surgery resulting in significant weight loss and the resolution or improvement of obesity-associated medical problems, accompanied by low perioperative complications. However, as with any therapy, OAGB has its limitations, including micronutrient deficiency or malnutrition. In our study, we compared the fatty acid (FA) profile in serum of patients after both primary OAGB (pOAGB) and revisional OAGB (rOAGB) to identify potential postsurgical FA alterations. METHODS This is a retrospective study on patients with obesity who underwent OAGB procedures (pOAGB n=68; rOAGB n=17), conducted from 2016 to 2018. In blood, we analyzed a series of biochemical parameters, and in the serum, the FA profile was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The percentage of excess BMI loss (% EBMIL) after pOAGB was 73.5 ± 2.47% in comparison to 45.9 ± 4.15% in the rOAGB group (p<0.001). In contrast to the lack of effect of rOAGB on most polyunsaturated FAs, in the pOAGB group, there was a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid, and eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels (p<0.001). We also found a decrease in very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) and an increase in branched-chain FAs (BCFAs) after both types of OAGB procedure. CONCLUSIONS Both OAGB procedures improved the profile of most FAs, leading to a decrease in VLCFAs, which are considered harmful, and an improvement in BCFAs, which are considered to be beneficial. There is a need to further investigate the possibility of n-3 polyunsaturated FA supplementation after pOAGB, due to the large decrease in these FAs after pOAGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szymanski
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Wilczynski
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Bigda
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Pakiet A, Łukaszewicz P, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Kaska Ł, Mika A. Changes in serum oxylipin profile after one anastomosis gastric bypass. Pol Arch Intern Med 2023; 133:16610. [PMID: 37987608 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Czumaj A, Kobiela J, Mika A, Pappou E, Śledziński T. The Effect of Silencing Fatty Acid Elongase 4 and 6 Genes on the Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17615. [PMID: 38139442 PMCID: PMC10743756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells show some alterations in lipid metabolism, including an increased fatty acid elongation. This study was focused on investigating the effect of a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated decrease in fatty acid elongation on CRC cells' survival and migration. In our study, the elongase 4 (ELOVL4) and elongase 6 (ELOVL6) genes were observed to be highly overexpressed in both the CRC tissue obtained from patients and the CRC cells cultured in vitro (HT-29 and WiDr cell lines). The use of the siRNAs for ELOVL4 and ELOVL6 reduced cancer cell proliferation and migration rates. These findings indicate that the altered elongation process decreased the survival of CRC cells, and in the future, fatty acid elongases can be potentially good targets in novel CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Emmanouil Pappou
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
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Gozdzik P, Czumaj A, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Branched-chain fatty acids affect the expression of fatty acid synthase and C-reactive protein genes in the hepatocyte cell line. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230114. [PMID: 37850622 PMCID: PMC10619197 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are known to play an important role in human metabolism; however, still little is known about the functions of certain FA classes present in blood at relatively low concentrations. Examples of such compounds include branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). Recently, lowered BCFAs blood concentration was noticed in obese patients. An inverse correlation was found between serum concentrations of BCFAs and triglyceride levels, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome and both disorders are accompanied by the dysregulation of FAs metabolism. However, not all of them are well understood. Our study is the first attempt at presenting the opposite effects of an iso-BCFA (14-methylpentadecanoic acid, 14-MPA) and an anteiso-BCFA (12-methyltetradecanoic acid, 12-MTA) on selected genes related to fatty acid synthesis and inflammation: FASN, SREBP1, CRP, and IL-6 in the HepG2 cell line. We observed lowered expression of FASN, SREBP1, CRP, and IL-6 in cells treated with 14-MPA in comparison with control cells. In contrast, supplementation with 12-MTA caused opposite effects: increased mRNA levels of FASN, CRP, and IL-6. 12-MTA did not influence SREBP1 expression. The results of our preliminary study may suggest potential benefits of the supplementation of iso-BCFAs in obese patients, for inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gozdzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hellmann A, Turyn J, Zwara A, Korczynska J, Taciak A, Mika A. Alterations in the amino acid profile in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199291. [PMID: 37664829 PMCID: PMC10471980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Amino acids (AAs) play important physiological roles in living cells. Some amino acid changes in blood are specific for autoimmune disorders, and some are specific for thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to profile AA metabolites in the serum of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC0) without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and patients with PTC with HT (PTC1) and predict whether AA metabolites are associated with thyroid disease, thyroid hormone and thyroid autoantibodies. Methods A total of 95 serum samples were collected, including 28 healthy controls (HCs), 28 PTC0 patients and 39 PTC1 patients. Serum samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-triple stage quadrupole-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TSQ-MS), and twenty-one amino acids (AAs) were detected. Results The serum concentration of glutamic acid was significantly elevated in PTC1 patients compared with PTC0 patients. Lysine was the second amino acid that differentiated these two groups of PTC patients. In addition, the serum concentrations of glycine, alanine and tyrosine were significantly reduced in both PTC patient groups compared to the HC group. These AAs were also correlated with thyroid hormones and antibodies. Five amino acid markers, namely, glycine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine, separated/distinguished PTC0 patients from healthy subjects, and eight AA markers, the same AAs as above without arginine but with alanine, leucine, valine and histidine, separated/distinguished PTC1 patients from healthy subjects based on ROC analysis. Conclusion Compared with the HCs, changes in AAs in PTC0 and PTC1 patients showed similar patterns, suggesting the possibility of a common pathophysiological basis, which confirms preliminary research that PTC is significantly associated with pathologically confirmed HT. We found two AAs, lysine and alanine, that can perform diagnostic functions in distinguishing PTC1 from PTC0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Taciak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Osipowicz K, Gielniewski B, Wojtaś B, Szabelska-Beręsewicz A, Zyprych-Walczak J, Mika A, Tysarowski A, Duk K, Rygiel AM, Niepokój K, Woźniak K, Kowalewski C, Wierzba J, Jezela-Stanek A. The Epidermal Transcriptome Analysis of a Novel c.639_642dup LORICRIN Variant-Delineation of the Loricrin Keratoderma Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119459. [PMID: 37298411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Loricrin keratoderma (LK) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by LORICRIN gene mutations. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood. So far, only 10 pathogenic variants in LORICRIN have been described, with all of them but one being deletions or insertions. The significance of rare nonsense variants remains unclear. Furthermore, no data regarding the RNA expression in affected patients are available. The aim of this study is to describe the two variants in the LORICRIN gene found in two distinct families: the novel pathogenic variant c.639_642dup and a rare c.10C > T (p.Gln4Ter) of unknown significance. We also present the results of the transcriptome analysis of the lesional loricrin keratoderma epidermis of a patient with c.639_642dup. We show that in the LK lesion, the genes associated with epidermis development and keratocyte differentiation are upregulated, while genes engaged in cell adhesion, differentiation developmental processes, ion homeostasis and transport, signaling and cell communication are downregulated. In the context of the p.Gln4Ter clinical significance evaluation, we provide data indicating that LORICRIN haploinsufficiency has no skin consequences. Our results give further insight into the pathogenesis of LK, which may have therapeutic implications in the future and important significance in the context of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Osipowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Zyprych-Walczak
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Department and Cancer Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Niepokój
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology, Immunodermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Lange O, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Mika A. Short-Chain Fatty Acids-A Product of the Microbiome and Its Participation in Two-Way Communication on the Microbiome-Host Mammal Line. Curr Obes Rep 2023:10.1007/s13679-023-00503-6. [PMID: 37208544 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review aims to describe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolites of bacteria, their complex influence on whole-body metabolism, and alterations in the SCFA profile in obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS). RECENT FINDINGS The fecal profile of SCFAs in obese patients differs from that of lean patients, as well as their gut microbiota composition. In obese patients, a lower diversity of bacteria is observed, as well as higher concentrations of SCFAs in stool samples. Obesity is now considered a global epidemic and bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. BS affects the structure and functioning of the digestive system, and also alters gut microbiota and the concentration of fecal SCFAs. Generally, after BS, SCFA levels are lower but levels of branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) are elevated, the effect of which is not fully understood. Moreover, changes in the profile of circulating SCFAs are little known and this is an area for further research. Obesity seems to be inherently associated with changes in the SCFA profile. It is necessary to better understand the impact of BS on microbiota and the metabolome in both feces and blood as only a small percentage of SCFAs are excreted. Further research may allow the development of a personalized therapeutic approach to the BS patient in terms of diet and prebiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Lange
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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12
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Pakiet A, Jędrzejewska A, Duzowska K, Wacławska A, Jabłońska P, Zieliński J, Mika A, Śledziński T, Słomińska E. Serum fatty acid profiles in breast cancer patients following treatment. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:433. [PMID: 37173619 PMCID: PMC10176817 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism. The treatment of breast cancer can also affect serum lipid composition. The purpose of this study was the examination of serum fatty acids (FAs) profiles in breast cancer survivors to assess if the FA levels normalize. METHODS Serum levels of FAs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a group of breast cancer patients at baseline (before treatment, n = 28), at two follow-up visits at 12 months (n = 27) and 24 months (n = 19) after the breast cancer resection, and in the group of healthy controls (n = 25). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess how FA serum profile changes following treatment. RESULTS Breast cancer patients' serum FA profiles at follow-ups did not normalize to the levels of control group. The greatest differences were found for levels of branched-chain (BCFA), odd-chain (OCFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) FAs, all of which were significantly increased 12 months after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS After treatment for breast cancer, the patients' serum FA profile differs from the profile before treatment and from controls, especially 12 months after treatment. Some changes may be beneficial - increased BCFA and OCFA levels, and improved n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. This may reflect lifestyle changes in breast cancer survivors and have an impact on the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duzowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Wacławska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jabłońska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Słomińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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13
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Gozdzik P, Magkos F, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids: Health effects and biological mechanisms. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101226. [PMID: 37094753 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are a group of lipids that are widely present in various organisms; they take part in numerous biochemical processes and affect multiple signaling pathways. However, BCFA are not well explored in terms of their effects on human health. Recently, they have been gaining interest, especially in relation to various human diseases. This review describes the occurrence of BCFA, their dietary sources, their potential health effects, and the current state of knowledge concerning their mechanism(s) of action. Many studies have been conducted so far in cellular and animal models, which reveal potent anti-cancer, lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. Research in humans is scarce. Therefore, further studies on animals and humans should be performed to confirm and expand these findings, and improve our understanding of the potential relevance of BCFA to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gozdzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martinez-Sanchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Fernández-García JC, Mika A, Ramos-Molina B. Hepatic and serum branched-chain fatty acid profile in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1064-1074. [PMID: 36876627 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in the hepatic lipidome are a crucial factor involved in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and hepatic profile of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in patients with different stages of NAFLD. METHODS This was a case-control study performed in 27 patients without NAFLD, 49 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, and 17 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by liver biopsies. Serum and hepatic levels of BCFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hepatic expression of genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of BCFAs was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS A significant increase in hepatic BCFAs was found in subjects with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD; no differences were observed in serum BCFAs between study groups. Trimethyl BCFAs, iso-BCFAs, and anteiso-BCFAs were increased in subjects with NAFLD (either nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) compared with those without NAFLD. Correlation analysis showed a relationship between hepatic BCFAs and the histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD, as well as other histological and biochemical parameters related to this disease. Gene expression analysis in liver showed that the mRNA levels of BCAT1, BCAT2, and BCKDHA were upregulated in patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the increased production of liver BCFAs might be related to NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrés Balaguer-Román
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia E Fernández-Ruiz
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer-Gómez
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - María Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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15
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Mika A, Pakiet A, Szczygielski O, Woźniak K, Osipowicz K, Kowalewski C, Krześniak N, Noszczyk BH, Wertheim-Tysarowska K. Fatty acid profiles in various lipid fractions in the female epidermis. Does the body site and age matter? Acta Biochim Pol 2022; 69:657-671. [PMID: 36099640 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis forms the barrier between an organism and its external environment. Although one of the major functional elements of the epidermis is the lipid-enriched extracellular matrix, containing mainly ceramides, cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids, the data are limited regarding the lipid profile in the epidermis. The aim of the study was to determine the whole profile of fatty acids (FAs) in the epidermis and to examine any dependence according to the age of the subject and the site on the epidermis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidermis extracts obtained from 10 adults and 6 children were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In total, 74 FAs in the human epidermis were identified. We observed the highest amounts of neutral lipids (including CHOL) compared to other lipid fractions in the epidermis, regardless of age. However, we detected an age-dependent content of the major lipid fractions, where the main difference was in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. There were also differences in the lipid profile between various sites of the body, e.g. samples from the breast and abdomen were enriched with very long-chain fatty acids compared to the limb. CONCLUSION Our research provides novel data concerning the lipid profile in the epidermis, gives further insight into skin biology and proves that the epidermis is a highly dynamic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Orest Szczygielski
- Clinic of Surgery of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Osipowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Krześniak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej H Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Sikorska-Wisniewska M, Mika A, Sledzinski T, Chmielewski M. Associations between Serum Saturated Fatty Acids Content and Mortality in Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175051. [PMID: 36078983 PMCID: PMC9457217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular mortality in dialysis population remains very high. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) contribute to atherosclerosis and to cardiovascular risk. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mortality in dialysis patients and the serum SFA content. Methods: Survival of 54 patients on dialysis was assessed. A total of 21 SFA from patients’ sera were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. The SFA content is presented as fatty acid proportion (%). Results: During the observation time (median 66 months) 22 patients died. There was a significant relationship between elevated SFA (above SFA mean) and mortality (log-rank 3.13; p = 0.0017). Moreover, patients who ingested foods rich in SFA, according to FFQ-6, had a higher mortality risk (log-rank 2.24; p = 0.03). The hazard ratio for mortality associated with increased SFA content equalled 4.47 (1.63−12.26). Addition of age and inflammation (hsCRP > 5 mg/L) into the Cox model did not modify this relationship. However, SFA content turned out to be significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, as compared to patients free from these co-morbidities. Their addition to the model attenuated the relationship between SFA and mortality, making it statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The serum content of SFA turned out to be a strong predictor of mortality in dialysis patients. However, given the significant associations between SFA, DM, and CVD, interventional studies with controlled SFA intake are needed to evaluate the causal links between SFA, co-morbidities and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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17
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Mika A, Janczy A, Waleron K, Szymanski M, Kaska L, Sledzinski T. The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13455. [PMID: 35393734 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has evolved into a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity, keeps many comorbidities of obesity at bay for a prolonged period of time. However, complications, including metabolic alterations, are inherent in bariatric surgery. Surgical intervention in the structure of the digestive tract, especially during bariatric bypass procedures, also causes significant changes in the composition of the microbiome, which may affect the composition and quantity of various metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. The composition of the intestinal microbiome is connected to human metabolism via metabolites that are produced and secreted by bacterial cells into the intestinal lumen and then absorbed into the host's bloodstream. Bariatric surgery causes changes in the composition and quantity of many circulating metabolites. Metabolic disorders may be affected after bariatric surgery by changes in the composition of the microbiome and metabolites produced by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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18
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Reczkowicz J, Mika A, Antosiewicz J, Kortas J, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Śledziński T, Kowalski K, Kaska Ł. Bariatric Surgery Induced Changes in Blood Cholesterol Are Modulated by Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102000. [PMID: 35631139 PMCID: PMC9145606 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of metabolically active bariatric surgery treatment on lipid metabolism is inconclusive. The authors of this study presume that initial vitamin D status may play a regulating role in influencing the beneficial post-effects of bariatric surgery, especially the lipid profile. The biochemical data obtained from 24 patients who had undergone laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) at baseline, 3 months before the surgery, at the time of surgery, and 6 months later, demonstrate that vitamin D status influenced the postoperative lipid profile. The baseline established the partition line which divided patients into two groups according to the stated calcidiol initial concentration level of 32 ng/mL. The data shows that OAGB induces a decrease in TG and hsCRP while increasing HDL. Conversely, in patients whose 25(OH)D3 was below 32 ng/mL TC significantly increased while those above this concentration remained in the normal physiological range. The changes induced by OAGB in TG, glucose, and hsCRP were similar in both groups. Unexpectedly, the surgery did not affect vitamin D metabolites. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that a higher concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 may enhance the protective effects of OAGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Reczkowicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (Ł.K.); Tel.: +48-583491456 (J.A.)
| | - Jakub Kortas
- Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Masdiag Sp. z o.o. Company, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (Ł.K.); Tel.: +48-583491456 (J.A.)
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Hebanowska A, Mika A, Rojek L, Stojek M, Goyke E, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Adrych K. Serum n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations Are Inversely Associated in Patients With Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:e67-e69. [PMID: 35775642 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Hliwa A, Mika A, Sledzinski M, Laski D, Ramos-Molina B, Sledzinski T. Changes in the Serum Fatty Acid Profile After Anhepatic Phase of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Procedure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:817987. [PMID: 35422709 PMCID: PMC9004627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the patients’ body remains deprived of this organ for some time, which could cause critical changes in the levels of various metabolites in the circulation, including fatty acids. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the liver transplantation procedure leads to significant changes in the FA profile in serum lipids after the anhepatic phase. Our gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that after transplantation, serum levels of myristic and palmitic acids significantly decreased, whereas serum levels of very long-chain FAs containing 20 or more carbons in their chains were increased. These results indicate that the anhepatic phase during liver transplantation produces significant changes in serum fatty acid levels, and emphasizes the role of the liver in the metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hliwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adriana Mika,
| | - Maciej Sledzinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Laski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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21
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Śledziński M, Hliwa A, Gołębiewska J, Mika A. The Impact of Kidney Transplantation on the Serum Fatty Acid Profile in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040772. [PMID: 35215422 PMCID: PMC8876092 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that metabolic disturbances and increased cardiovascular risk in renal transplant patients are a significant and common problem. Therefore, it is important to search for new solutions and, at the same time, counteract the negative effects of currently used therapies. In this study, we examined the effect of kidney transplantation on the serum levels of fatty acids (FAs) in order to assess the role of these compounds in the health of transplant patients. The FA profile was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the serum of 35 kidney transplant recipients, just before transplantation and 3 months later. The content of total n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) decreased after transplantation (3.06 ± 0.13% vs. 2.66 ± 0.14%; p < 0.05). The total amount of ultra-long-chain FAs containing 26 and more carbon atoms was significantly reduced (0.08 ± 0.009% vs. 0.05 ± 0.007%; p < 0.05). The desaturation index (18:1/18:0) increased after transplantation (3.92 ± 0.11% vs. 4.36 ± 0.18%; p < 0.05). The study showed a significant reduction in n-3 PUFAs in renal transplant recipients 3 months after transplantation, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Hliwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Justyna Gołębiewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with an elusive etiology and poor prognosis. Due to its diverse clinical presentation, a personalized approach is obligatory and needs to be based on a comprehensive biomarker panel. Therefore, particular metabolomic studies are necessary. Lipidomics addressed these issues and found disturbances in several crucial metabolic pathways. Aim of Review: The review aims to briefly summarize current knowledge related to lipid alterations in systemic sclerosis, highlight its importance, and encourage further research in this field. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: In this review, we summarized the studies on the lipidomic pattern, fatty acids, lipoproteins, cholesterol, eicosanoids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids in systemic sclerosis. Researchers demonstrated several alternate aspects of lipid metabolism. As we aimed to present our findings in a comprehensive view, we decided to divide our findings into three major groups: “serum lipoproteins,” “fatty acids and derivatives,” and “cellular membrane components,” as we do believe they play a prominent role in SSc pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Gogulska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zaneta Smolenska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Zdrojewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases and Geriatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Janczy A, Mika A, Szymański M, Stankiewicz M, Małgorzewicz S, Śledziński T. Relationship between specific faecal fatty acids and serum parameters in morbidly obese subjects. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zwara A, Mika A, Haliński L, Śledziński T, Małgorzewicz S, Wołoszyk P, Dardzińska J, Dębska-Ślizień A, Chmielewski M. Analysis of serum fatty acids profile in kidney transplant recipients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tomczyk M, Braczko A, Jablonska P, Mika A, Przyborowski K, Jedrzejewska A, Krol O, Kus F, Sledzinski T, Chlopicki S, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Enhanced Muscle Strength in Dyslipidemic Mice and Its Relation to Increased Capacity for Fatty Acid Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12251. [PMID: 34830135 PMCID: PMC8620496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is commonly linked to skeletal muscle dysfunction, accumulation of intramyocellular lipids, and insulin resistance. However, our previous research indicated that dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E and low-density lipoprotein receptor double knock-out mice (ApoE/LDLR -/-) leads to improvement of exercise capacity. This study aimed to investigate in detail skeletal muscle function and metabolism in these dyslipidemic mice. We found that ApoE/LDLR -/- mice showed an increased grip strength as well as increased troponins, and Mhc2 levels in skeletal muscle. It was accompanied by the increased skeletal muscle mitochondria numbers (judged by increased citrate synthase activity) and elevated total adenine nucleotides pool. We noted increased triglycerides contents in skeletal muscles and increased serum free fatty acids (FFA) levels in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice. Importantly, Ranolazine mediated inhibition of FFA oxidation in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice led to the reduction of exercise capacity and total adenine nucleotides pool. Thus, this study demonstrated that increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation, an adaptive response to dyslipidemia leads to improved cellular energetics that translates to increased skeletal muscle strength and contributes to increased exercise capacity in ApoE/LDLR -/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Agata Jedrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Oliwia Krol
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Filip Kus
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.P.); (S.C.)
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (A.J.); (O.K.); (F.K.); (E.M.S.)
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26
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Liakh I, Janczy A, Pakiet A, Korczynska J, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Kaska L, Sledzinski T, Mika A. One-anastomosis gastric bypass modulates the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipins, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:408-416. [PMID: 34732836 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxylipins are polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives involved in the regulation of various processes, including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. They can be synthesized in various tissues, including adipose tissue. There is some evidence that obesity is associated with the deregulation of serum oxylipin levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (one-anastomosis gastric bypass) on the serum levels of selected oxylipins and their fatty acid precursors and to verify the hypothesis that their changes after surgery can contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Moreover, we compared the oxylipin levels (prostaglandin E2, 13-HODE, maresin 1 and resolvin E1), fatty acids and the expression of enzymes that synthesize oxylipins in adipose tissue of lean controls and subjects with severe obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 50 patients with severe obesity that underwent bariatric surgery and 41 subjects in lean, control group. Fatty acid content was analyzed by GC-MS, oxylipin concentrations were measured with immunoenzymatic assay kits and real-time PCR analysis was used to assess mRNA levels in adipose tissue. RESULTS Our results show increased expression of some enzymes that synthesize oxylipins in adipose tissue and alterations in the levels of oxylipins in both adipose tissue and serum of subjects with obesity. After bariatric surgery, the levels of anti-inflammatory oxylipins increased, whereas pro-inflammatory oxylipins decreased. CONCLUSIONS In patients with obesity, the metabolism of oxylipins is deregulated in adipose tissue, and their concentrations in serum are altered. Bariatric surgery modulates the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipins, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Zwara A, Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Mika A. Alterations of Ultra Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Hereditary Skin Diseases-Review Article. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:730855. [PMID: 34497816 PMCID: PMC8420999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.730855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a flexible organ that forms a barrier between the environment and the body's interior; it is involved in the immune response, in protection and regulation, and is a dynamic environment in which skin lipids play an important role in maintaining homeostasis. The different layers of the skin differ in both the composition and amount of lipids. The epidermis displays the best characteristics in this respect. The main lipids in this layer are cholesterol, fatty acids (FAs) and ceramides. FAs can occur in free form and as components of complex molecules. The most poorly characterized FAs are very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and ultra long-chain fatty acids (ULCFAs). VLCFAs and ULCFAs are among the main components of ceramides and are part of the free fatty acid (FFA) fraction. They are most abundant in the brain, liver, kidneys, and skin. VLCFAs and ULCFAs are responsible for the rigidity and impermeability of membranes, forming the mechanically and chemically strong outer layer of cell membranes. Any changes in the composition and length of the carbon chains of FAs result in a change in their melting point and therefore a change in membrane permeability. One of the factors causing a decrease in the amount of VLCFAs and ULCFAs is an improper diet. Another much more important factor is mutations in the genes which code proteins involved in the metabolism of VLCFAs and ULCFAs—regarding their elongation, their attachment to ceramides and their transformation. These mutations have their clinical consequences in the form of inborn errors in metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders, among others. Some of them are accompanied by skin symptoms such as ichthyosis and ichthyosiform erythroderma. In the following review, the structure of the skin is briefly characterized and the most important lipid components of the skin are presented. The focus is also on providing an overview of selected proteins involved in the metabolism of VLCFAs and ULCFAs in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Pakiet A, Sikora K, Kobiela J, Rostkowska O, Mika A, Sledzinski T. Alterations in complex lipids in tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:85. [PMID: 34348720 PMCID: PMC8340484 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid composition in neoplastic tissue. Earlier nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the contents of major lipid groups, such as triacylglycerols, phospholipids and cholesterol, are changed in colon cancer tissue. Methods In this study, a more detailed analysis of lipids in cancer and tumor adjacent tissues from colorectal cancer patients, using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, allowed for comparison of 199 different lipids between cancer tissue and tumor adjacent tissue using principal component analysis. Results Significant differences were found in 67 lipid compounds between the two types of tissue; many of these lipid compounds are bioactive lipids such as ceramides, lysophospholipids or sterols and can influence the development of cancer. Additionally, increased levels of phospholipids and sphingolipids were present, which are major components of the cell membrane, and increases in these lipids can lead to changes in cell membrane properties. Conclusions This study showed that many complex lipids are significantly increased or decreased in colon cancer tissue, reflecting significant alterations in lipid metabolism. This knowledge can be used for the selection of potential molecular targets of novel anticancer strategies based on the modulation of lipid metabolism and the composition of the cell membrane in colorectal cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01512-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Sikora
- Physics-Chemistry Workshops, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Pakiet A, Haliński ŁP, Rostkowska O, Kaska Ł, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Śledziński T, Mika A. The Effects of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass on Fatty Acids in the Serum of Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4264-4271. [PMID: 34255274 PMCID: PMC8458202 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is associated with alterations in serum fatty acid profiles. One-anastomosis gastric bypass is a type of bariatric surgery used in the treatment of morbid obesity. The aim of this study was to establish if, between 6 and 9 months after this procedure, the fatty acid composition in the serum of patients normalizes to values similar to the healthy, lean population. Materials/Methods The study included 46 patients that underwent surgical treatment for obesity with one-anastomosis gastric bypass. The serum fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis was conducted to detect the differences between fatty acid profiles in patients pre- and post-surgery, and in 29 control nonobese subjects. Results Patients with morbid obesity were characterized by lowered levels of beneficial odd- and branched-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. While the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid amounts normalized 6–9 months after bariatric treatment, the polyunsaturated fatty acid levels did not. Moreover, the total fatty acid profiles of patients pre- and post-bariatric surgery were still markedly different than those of lean, healthy controls. Conclusion Following one-anastomosis gastric bypass, there are some beneficial changes in serum fatty acids in treated patients, possibly due to weight loss and dietary regimen changes. However, they may be insufficient to restore the proper levels of other fatty acids, which may need to be additionally supplemented. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Hliwa A, Ramos-Molina B, Laski D, Mika A, Sledzinski T. The Role of Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136900. [PMID: 34199035 PMCID: PMC8269415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem worldwide. NAFLD (both simple steatosis and steatohepatitis) is characterized by alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, which may lead to the development of severe liver complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, an exhaustive examination of lipid disorders in the liver of NAFLD patients is much needed. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics platforms allow for in-depth analysis of lipid alterations in a number of human diseases, including NAFLD. This review summarizes the current research on lipid alterations associated with NAFLD and related complications, with special emphasis on the changes in long-chain and short-chain fatty acids levels in both serum and liver tissue, as well as in the hepatic expression of genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing lipid interconversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hliwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Dariusz Laski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-3491479
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Mika A, Duzowska K, Halinski LP, Pakiet A, Czumaj A, Rostkowska O, Dobrzycka M, Kobiela J, Sledzinski T. Rearrangements of Blood and Tissue Fatty Acid Profile in Colorectal Cancer - Molecular Mechanism and Diagnostic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689701. [PMID: 34123858 PMCID: PMC8190393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the invasiveness of colonoscopy; thus, non-invasive CRC diagnostics are desirable. CRC is associated with lipid alterations. We aimed to verify whether fatty acid (FA) profiles in CRC patients may serve as a potential diagnostic tool for CRC diagnosis. FA profiles were assayed by GC-MS in cancer tissue, paired normal mucosa and serum from CRC patients and healthy controls. The levels of very long FAs – VLCFAs (26:0, 28:0 and 26:1) were the most highly increased FAs in cancer tissue compared to normal colon mucosa. Moreover, these FA were present in serum of CRC patients, they were absent in the serum of healthy subjects, or present in only trace amounts. To verify if cancer cells are the source of small amounts of these VLCFAs in the serum of patients we performed experiment in HT-29 CRC cells, which proved that CRC cells can produce and release VLCFAs into the blood. Most importantly, we defined a panel of FAs that may be assayed in a single analysis that definitely distinguishes CRC patients and healthy subjects, which was confirmed by PLS-DA and multivariate ROC analysis (AUC = 0.985). This study shows that selected FA panel may serve as a diagnostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duzowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz P Halinski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Dobrzycka
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Mika A, Halinski LP, Sledzinski T, Malgorzewicz S, Woloszyk P, Dardzinska J, Debska-Slizien A, Chmielewski M. Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030805. [PMID: 33671115 PMCID: PMC8001777 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage kidney disease, treated with renal transplantation, are at increased risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) and cardio-vascular mortality. They are also characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia. Alterations of the fatty acids (FA) profile contribute to increased cardio-vascular risk in the general population. In the current study we test the hypothesis that kidney transplantation is associated with ab-normalities in FA profile. FA profile was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 198 renal transplant recipients, and 48 control subjects. The most profound differences between renal transplant patients and controls were related to the content of branched chain FA, monounsaturated FA, and n-6 polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The FA profile significantly separated the patients from the controls in the principal component analysis (PCA). The abnormalities of FA profile showed a tendency for normalization in long-term kidney recipients, as compared to patients with recent transplants. The n-3 PUFA content demonstrated a strong inverse association with the presence of inflammation. Most profound alterations of the FA profile were observed in patients with impaired graft function (glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/min). The study demonstrated significant disorders of the FA profile in kidney transplant recipients, that might contribute to cardio-vascular risk in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Lukasz P Halinski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Malgorzewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Woloszyk
- Department of Pediatric and f Internal Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dardzinska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Alicja Debska-Slizien
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.D.-S.); (M.C.)
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Tardieu D, Travel A, Le Bourhis C, Metayer JP, Mika A, Cleva D, Boissieu C, Guerre P. Fumonisins and zearalenone fed at low levels can persist several days in the liver of turkeys and broiler chickens after exposure to the contaminated diet was stopped. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111968. [PMID: 33422601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies using zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins (FB) revealed alpha-zearalanol (α-ZOL) and FB1 in the liver of turkeys and chickens with no sign of toxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether contamination persists after distribution of a mycotoxin-free diet for several days. Turkeys and broilers were fed for 14 days with a diet containing respectively, 7.5 and 0.6 mg/kg of FB and ZEN, then fed for 0, 2 or 4 days with a mycotoxin-free diet. FB1 and total α-ZOL were the most abundant metabolites found, and their concentration decreased with time. The decrease was linear for FB1 (P < 0.001) and exponential for α-ZOL. Mean concentrations of FB1 on days 0, 2, and 4 were respectively, 4.9, 4, and 2.9 ng/g in turkeys, and respectively, 5, 2.3, and 1.3 ng/g in chickens. The decrease in concentration of FB1 with time was modeled by linear regression (P < 0.001). Mean concentrations of α-ZOL on days 0, 2 and 4, were respectively, 4.8, 0.8, and 0.5 ng/g in turkeys, whereas α-ZOL was only quantified in chickens on day 0 at 0.3 ng/g. A strong correlation was found between α-ZOL and β-zearalenol (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tardieu
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, F-31076, Toulouse, France
| | - A Travel
- ITAVI, L'Orfrasière, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - C Le Bourhis
- INRAE, Unité 1295 PEAT Centre Recherche Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - J-P Metayer
- ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, Station expérimentale, 91720, Boigneville, France
| | - A Mika
- ITAVI, L'Orfrasière, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - D Cleva
- Chêne Vert Conseil, Z Bellevue II, Chateaubourg, France
| | - C Boissieu
- Chêne Vert Conseil, Z Bellevue II, Chateaubourg, France
| | - P Guerre
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, F-31076, Toulouse, France.
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Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Kaska L, Mozolewska P, Mika A. Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity. Molecules 2020; 25:E5307. [PMID: 33203044 PMCID: PMC7696154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mozolewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Ehmen C, Medialdea-Carrera R, Brown D, de Filippis AMB, de Sequeira PC, Nogueira RMR, Brasil P, Calvet GA, Blessmann J, Mallmann AM, Sievertsen J, Rackow A, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, Deschermeier C, Mika A. Accurate detection of Zika virus IgG using a novel immune complex binding ELISA. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 26:89-101. [PMID: 33012038 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate serological assays are urgently needed to support public health responses to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with its potential to cause foetal damage during pregnancy. Current flavivirus serology for ZIKV infections lacks specificity due to cross-reacting antibodies from closely related other flaviviruses. In this study, we evaluated novel serological tests for accurate ZIKV IgG detection. METHODS Our ELISAs are based on immune complex binding. The high specificity is achieved by the simultaneous incubation of labelled ZIKV antigen and unlabelled flavivirus homolog protein competitors. Two assays were validated with a panel of 406 human samples from PCR-confirmed ZIKV patients collected in Brazil (n = 154), healthy blood donors and other infections from Brazil, Europe, Canada and Colombia (n = 252). RESULTS The highest specificity (100% [252/252, 95% confidence interval (CI) 98.5-100.0]) was shown by the ZIKV ED3 ICB ELISA using the ED3 antigen of the ZIKV envelope. A similar test using the NS1 antigen (ZIKV NS1 ICB ELISA) was slightly less specific (92.1% [232/252, 95% CI 88.0-95.1]). The commercial Euroimmun ZIKV ELISA had a specificity of only 82.1% (207/252, 95% CI 76.8-86.7). Sensitivity was high (93-100%) from day 12 after onset of symptoms in all three tests. Seroprevalence of ZIKV IgG was analysed in 87 samples from Laos (Asia) confirming that the ED3 ELISA showed specific reactions in other populations. CONCLUSIONS The novel ED3 ICB ELISA will be useful for ZIKV-specific IgG detection for seroepidemiological studies and serological diagnosis for case management in travellers and in countries where other flavivirus infections are co-circulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ehmen
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Medialdea-Carrera
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Brown
- Flavivirus Reference Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - R M Ribeiro Nogueira
- Flavivirus Reference Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Brasil
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G A Calvet
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Blessmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A-M Mallmann
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Sievertsen
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rackow
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Schmidt-Chanasit
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Emmerich
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - H Schmitz
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Deschermeier
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mika
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Mozolewska P, Duzowska K, Pakiet A, Mika A, ŚledziŃski T. Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation as Potential Anticancer Agents in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:4843-4856. [PMID: 32878772 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant fatty acid (FA) metabolism has long been recognized in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Since de novo lipogenesis is required for CRC tumour growth and survival, the inhibition of FA metabolism is a promising potential therapeutic target. Inhibition of the opposite process, β-oxidation of FAs, has also showed promising results in many CRC models. For patients with CRC, both FA synthesis and β-oxidation inhibitors are promising potential therapeutic options as monotherapies or as combination therapies with other anticancer agents. In this review, we discuss recent reports concerning inhibitors of FA synthesis and β-oxidation in various CRC models. The exact mechanisms of action of the selected compounds described in this review remain unknown and require precise evaluation before the development of new successful therapies for CRC is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mozolewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duzowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz ŚledziŃski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Korczyńska J, Czumaj A, Chmielewski M, Śledziński M, Mika A, Śledziński T. Increased adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue may be related to an abnormal serum fatty acid profile in patients with chronic kidney disease. Pol Arch Intern Med 2020; 130:1013-1016. [DOI: 10.20452/pamw.15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sikorska-Wisniewska M, Mika A, Sledzinski T, Czaplinska M, Malgorzewicz S, Debska-Slizien A, Chmielewski M. Disorders of Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Renal Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2324-2330. [PMID: 32334793 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could predispose renal transplant (RTx) patients to cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum content of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA in RTx subjects, in comparison to nontransplanted chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in predialysis stages and to healthy controls. In the second part of the study, PUFA were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue of CKD subjects at the time of kidney transplantation. METHODS The first part of the study was conducted in a cohort (n = 134) of 3 groups: patients after renal transplantation (RTx group, n = 24), patients with CKD in stages 2-5, not on dialysis (CKD-ND group, n = 67), and controls without CKD (control group, n = 43). The fatty acids (FA) assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6. In the second part of the study, the same FA were evaluated in samples of adipose tissue taken during the kidney transplantation procedure and compared with FA of controls from the adipose tissue collected during hernia surgeries. RESULTS The first part of the study showed that RTx patients presented significantly lower serum content of all the examined PUFA, in comparison to the CKD-ND group and controls. For instance, EPA in RTx equaled 0.65 ± 0.32%, in CKD-ND 0.82 ± 0.43%, and in controls 1.06 ± 0.68% (P = .005). No significant correlations were found between serum PUFA and diet in RTx patients. The second part of the study revealed no significant difference in the adipose tissue PUFA between CKD patients at the time of kidney transplantation and controls. CONCLUSIONS RTx patients present with low serum content of potentially beneficial PUFA. This finding does not seem to be solely due to an altered diet. Observed disorders might result from immunosuppressive drugs or other, yet undetermined, causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Czaplinska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Malgorzewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Debska-Slizien
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- 1Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- 2Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- 1Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.,3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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40
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Pakiet A, Jakubiak A, Mierzejewska P, Zwara A, Liakh I, Sledzinski T, Mika A. The Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Composition in the Hearts of Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030824. [PMID: 32245049 PMCID: PMC7146498 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western diet can lead to alterations in cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk, which can be reproduced in animal models by implementing a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanism of these alterations is not fully understood and may be dependent on alterations in heart lipid composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an HFD on the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, as well as of various lipid fractions in the heart, and on heart function. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD or standard laboratory diet. The FA composition of chow, serum, heart and skeletal muscle tissues was measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated by ultrasonography. Our results showed an unexpected increase in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and a significant decrease in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in the heart tissue of mice fed the HFD. For comparison, no such effects were observed in skeletal muscle or serum samples. Furthermore, we found that the largest increase in PUFAs was in the sphingolipid fraction, whereas the largest decrease in MUFAs was in the phospholipid and sphingomyelin fractions. The hearts of mice fed an HFD had an increased content of triacylglycerols. Moreover, the HFD treatment altered aortic flow pattern. We did not find significant changes in heart mass or oxidative stress markers between mice fed the HFD and standard diet. The above results suggest that alterations in FA composition in the heart may contribute to deterioration of heart function. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is the alteration of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fatty acid profile, which may change the physical properties of these lipids. Since phospho- and sphingolipids are the major components of cell membranes, alterations in their structures in heart cells can result in changes in cell membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-585-230-810
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Korczyńska J, Czumaj A, Chmielewski M, Śledziński M, Mika A, Śledziński T. Increased Expression of the Leptin Gene in Adipose Tissue of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-The Possible Role of an Abnormal Serum Fatty Acid Profile. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030098. [PMID: 32182671 PMCID: PMC7143199 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased level of leptin and an abnormal fatty acid (FA) profile in the serum. However, there are no data on the associations between them, and the reason for increased serum levels in patients with CKD is not well elucidated. Recently, we found that a CKD-related abnormal FA profile caused significant changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to examine whether leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with CKD may contribute to increased serum levels of this adipokine and whether the abnormal serum FA profile observed in CKD patients has an impact on leptin gene expression in adipocytes. The FA profile was measured in serum samples from patients with CKD and controls by GC–MS. The relative mRNA levels of leptin were measured in SAT by Real-Time PCR. Moreover, the effect of the CKD-related abnormal FA profile on leptin gene expression was studied in in vitro cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Patients with CKD had higher concentrations of serum leptin than controls and higher expression level of the leptin gene in SAT. They also had increased serum monounsaturated FAs and decreased polyunsaturated FAs. The incubation of adipocytes with FAs isolated from CKD patients resulted in an increase of the levels of leptin mRNA. Increased leptin gene expression in SAT may contribute to elevated concentrations of these adipokine in patients with CKD. CKD-related alterations of the FA profile may contribute to elevated serum leptin concentrations in patients with CKD by increasing the gene expression of this adipokine in SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Korczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Mika A, Kobiela J, Pakiet A, Czumaj A, Sokołowska E, Makarewicz W, Chmielewski M, Stepnowski P, Marino-Gammazza A, Sledzinski T. Preferential uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1954. [PMID: 32029824 PMCID: PMC7005037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with alterations of fatty acid (FA) profiles in serum and tumor tissues, available data about polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in CRC patients are inconclusive. Our study showed that CRC tissues contained more PUFAs than normal large intestinal mucosa. However, serum levels of PUFAs in CRC patients were lower than in healthy controls. To explain the mechanism of PUFA alterations in CRC, we measured FA uptake by the colon cancer cells and normal colon cells. The levels of PUFAs in colon cancer cell culture medium decreased significantly with incubation time, while no changes were observed in the medium in which normal colon cells were incubated. Our findings suggest that the alterations in tumor and serum PUFA profiles result from preferential uptake of these FAs by cancer cells; indeed, PUFAs are essential for formation of cell membrane phospholipids during rapid proliferation of cancer cells. This observation puts into question potential benefits of PUFA supplementation in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Sokołowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antonella Marino-Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Abstract
Oxylipins are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to their important and diverse functions in the body, they have become a popular subject of studies. The main challenge for researchers is their low stability and often very low concentration in samples. Therefore, in recent years there have been developments in the extraction and analysis methods of oxylipins. New approaches in extraction methods were described in our previous review. In turn, the old analysis methods have been replaced by new approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and the best of these methods allow hundreds of oxylipins to be quantitatively identified. This review presents comparative and comprehensive information on the progress of various methods used by various authors to achieve the best results in the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.L.); (T.S.)
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
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Mika A, Wilczynski M, Pakiet A, Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Stankiewicz M, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T. Short-Term Effect of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass on Essential Fatty Acids in the Serum of Obese Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010187. [PMID: 31936610 PMCID: PMC7019911 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One-anastomosis gastric bypass is a promising type of bariatric surgery, but it may lead to a deficiency in important nutrients, such as fatty acids. The short-term effects of one-anastomosis gastric bypass on serum fatty acids have not been studied thus far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of one-anastomosis gastric bypass on serum fatty acid composition two weeks after surgery. This study included 38 patients who underwent one-anastomosis gastric bypass as surgical treatment for morbid obesity. Serum fatty acid composition was analyzed before and two weeks after surgery using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We observed a decrease in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001 for linolenic acid and p < 0.001 for linoleic acid) and odd-chain fatty acids (p = 0.004) in the serum of obese patients shortly after a one-anastomosis gastric bypass. Considering the benefits of the aforementioned fatty acids for human health, the implementation of a fatty-acid-rich diet or the use of supplementation may be recommended for patients immediately after one-anastomosis gastric bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-523-51-90
| | - Maciej Wilczynski
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.W.); (L.K.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.W.); (L.K.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine, and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.W.); (L.K.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Marta Stankiewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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Halinski LP, Pakiet A, Jablonska P, Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Slominska E, Sledzinski T, Mika A. One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Reconstitutes the Appropriate Profile of Serum Amino Acids in Patients with Morbid Obesity. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010100. [PMID: 31906073 PMCID: PMC7020034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery leads to metabolic benefits in patients with obesity, but their mechanisms are not well understood. The appropriate composition of serum amino acids (AA) is important for sufficient supply of these components into various tissues and organs. Obesity leads to alterations in serum AA concentrations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), a promising type of bariatric surgery, on serum AA concentrations, which were assayed by LC-MS in serum of 46 bariatric patients prior to and 6–9 months after OAGB, as well as in 30 lean control subjects. The results were analyzed by principle components analysis and metabolic pathway analysis. PCA analysis showed that OAGB led to normalization of serum AA concentrations of patients with obesity to a pattern similar to the control subjects, and the concentrations of essential AA remained decreased after OAGB. Changes of individual AA and their associated metabolic pathways were also presented. OAGB caused normalization of the AA profile, which may contribute to improvement of glucose homeostasis and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Considering decreased essential AA concentrations after OAGB, increased intake of high protein food should be recommended to the patients after this type of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz P. Halinski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-51-90
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Pakiet A, Jakubiak A, Czumaj A, Sledzinski T, Mika A. The effect of western diet on mice brain lipid composition. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:81. [PMID: 31788013 PMCID: PMC6880556 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The appropriate fatty acids composition of brain lipids is critical for functioning of this organ. The alterations of brain fatty acids composition may lead to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of western diet containing high fat content on fatty acid composition of brain lipids. In this study we used mice fed high fat diet (HFD) for 19 weeks. Brain lipids were separated by SPE extraction and fatty acid composition in chow, mice serum, brain and other tissues was analyzed by GC-MS method. Results The body weight and adipose tissue weigh of mice after HFD increased significantly. The concentrations of most of fatty acids in serum of mice after HFD increased, due to their higher delivery from food. Unexpectedly the serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration was lower in mice after HFD than in controls. Also the brain, and other tissue EPA content was lower. Among studied groups of brain lipids EPA was significantly decreased in phospholipids and sphingolipids. Conclusions Considering important role of brain EPA including maintaining of appropriate composition of cell membrane lipids and anti-inflammatory properties we conclude that decrease of brain EPA after western diet may result in impaired brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- 1Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- 2Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- 1Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.,3Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Mika A, Kaska L, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Chomiczewska A, Swierczynski J, Smolenski RT, Sledzinski T. Evidence That the Length of Bile Loop Determines Serum Bile Acid Concentration and Glycemic Control After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2019; 28:3405-3414. [PMID: 29790128 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery contributes to the improvement in glucose metabolism that may be related to a postoperative increase in serum bile acids (BAs). Three commonly used types of bariatric procedures, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (without creation of a bile loop), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and omega-loop gastric bypass (OLGB) (with creation of shorter 100-150 cm and longer 200-280 cm bile loops, respectively), differ in their effects on glycemic control. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of various bariatric procedures on serum BA concentration and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Serum BAs in 26 obese patients were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry prior to bariatric surgery, as well as 4 days and 3 months thereafter. RESULTS Four days after the surgery, serum concentrations of BAs in LSG and OLGB groups were similar as prior to the procedure, and a slight decrease in serum BAs was observed in the RYGB group. Serum BA level in the LSG group remained unchanged also at 3 months after the surgery, whereas a significant 0.5- and 3-fold increase in this parameter was noted in the RYGB and OLGB groups, respectively. Serum concentration of BAs correlated positively with the length of the bile loop (R = 0.47, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The evident improvement of glycemic control observed 3 months after OLGB might be associated with a postoperative increase in serum BAs, resulting from their better absorption from the longer bile loop. However, the changes in serum BAs probably had little or no impact on insulin sensitivity improvement at 4 days post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 63 Wita Stwosza, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 17 Smoluchowskiego, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 17 Smoluchowskiego, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chomiczewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, 1 Lesna, 75-582, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Chmielewski M, Korczyńska J, Śledziński M, Czaplińska M, Dębska-Ślizień A, Mika A. Contribution of increased expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in adipose tissue to serum content of monounsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic kidney disease. Pol Arch Intern Med 2019; 129:641-644. [PMID: 31215526 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Justyna Korczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Śledziński
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Czaplińska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Mika A, Mitus-Kenig M, Zeglen A, Drapella-Gasior D, Rutkowska K, Josko-Ochojska J. The child's first dental visit. Age, reasons, oral health status and dental treatment needs among children in Southern Poland. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019; 19:265-270. [PMID: 30567441 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2018.19.04.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the age at and the reasons for the child's first dental visit, and to assess the oral health status and treatment needs in the analysed group of paediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 320 children (154 girls and 166 boys) aged between 0.7 months and 13.5 years, visiting the dentist for the first time. All parents/legal guardians of the study participants gave written informed consent for participation in the study. Data on the child's age and reason for the dental visit were collected from interviews with parents. The state of oral health and dental treatment needs were assessed based on clinical examination, according to recommendations of the World Health Organization. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS collected data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using IBM SPSS software (version 24). Research hypotheses were verified using the Chi-square independence test at the level of statistical significance p<0.05. RESULTS The mean age of children at their first dental visit was 3.79 years (+/- 1.82 years). The most common reasons (60%) for the first dental visit were pain followed by dental caries (33.1%) and the presence of decayed teeth (26.9%). The frequency of caries in the population was 75.9%, which means that only one out of four examined children was free from dental caries. Only 23.1% of patients did not require dental treatment and as many as 76.9% of the studied population needed dental treatment. CONCLUSION Polish children make their first dental visit too late (usually at the age of 4 years) in relation to medical recommendations (between 6 and 12 months of life). The predominant reason for the child's first dental visit is caries and its complications. The results of this study indicate the bad oral health of Polish children making their first dental visit and low health awareness of parents and guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mika
- Private Practice, Poronin, Poland
| | - M Mitus-Kenig
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University (CMUJ), Cracow, Poland
| | - A Zeglen
- Private Practice, Poronin, Poland
| | | | | | - J Josko-Ochojska
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Czumaj A, Zabielska J, Pakiet A, Mika A, Rostkowska O, Makarewicz W, Kobiela J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. In Vivo Effectiveness of Orlistat in the Suppression of Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:3815-3822. [PMID: 31262909 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Fatty acid synthase (FASN) provides palmitate for cell membrane formation in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, however, palmitate is also available in the blood of CRC patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether orlistat, a FASN inhibitor, is able to attenuate CRC cell growth despite the availability of extracellular palmitate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Palmitate concentrations were measured in serum from CRC patients and healthy controls. HT-29 CRC cells were treated with orlistat and palmitate. RESULTS Treatment of CRC cells with orlistat caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. In turn, delivery of extracellular palmitate at doses lower than those found in the serum of CRC patients reversed inhibition by orlistat concentrations of up to 10 μM. CONCLUSION Inhibition of CRC cell proliferation by orlistat is reversed by palmitate which is present at high levels in the serum. Therefore, orlistat may be effective in vivo only at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Judyta Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Department and Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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