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Hellmann A, Turyn J, Zwara A, Korczynska J, Taciak A, Mika A. Alterations in the amino acid profile in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199291. [PMID: 37664829 PMCID: PMC10471980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Amino acids (AAs) play important physiological roles in living cells. Some amino acid changes in blood are specific for autoimmune disorders, and some are specific for thyroid cancer. The aims of this study were to profile AA metabolites in the serum of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC0) without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and patients with PTC with HT (PTC1) and predict whether AA metabolites are associated with thyroid disease, thyroid hormone and thyroid autoantibodies. Methods A total of 95 serum samples were collected, including 28 healthy controls (HCs), 28 PTC0 patients and 39 PTC1 patients. Serum samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-triple stage quadrupole-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TSQ-MS), and twenty-one amino acids (AAs) were detected. Results The serum concentration of glutamic acid was significantly elevated in PTC1 patients compared with PTC0 patients. Lysine was the second amino acid that differentiated these two groups of PTC patients. In addition, the serum concentrations of glycine, alanine and tyrosine were significantly reduced in both PTC patient groups compared to the HC group. These AAs were also correlated with thyroid hormones and antibodies. Five amino acid markers, namely, glycine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine, separated/distinguished PTC0 patients from healthy subjects, and eight AA markers, the same AAs as above without arginine but with alanine, leucine, valine and histidine, separated/distinguished PTC1 patients from healthy subjects based on ROC analysis. Conclusion Compared with the HCs, changes in AAs in PTC0 and PTC1 patients showed similar patterns, suggesting the possibility of a common pathophysiological basis, which confirms preliminary research that PTC is significantly associated with pathologically confirmed HT. We found two AAs, lysine and alanine, that can perform diagnostic functions in distinguishing PTC1 from PTC0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Zwara
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Taciak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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2
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Thomas M, McGonagle K, Rowland P, Robinson DA, Dodd PG, Camino-Díaz I, Campbell L, Cantizani J, Castañeda P, Conn D, Craggs PD, Edwards D, Ferguson L, Fosberry A, Frame L, Goswami P, Hu X, Korczynska J, MacLean L, Martin J, Mutter N, Osuna-Cabello M, Paterson C, Peña I, Pinto EG, Pont C, Riley J, Shishikura Y, Simeons FRC, Stojanovski L, Thomas J, Wrobel K, Young RJ, Zmuda F, Zuccotto F, Read KD, Gilbert IH, Marco M, Miles TJ, Manzano P, De Rycker M. Structure-Guided Design and Synthesis of a Pyridazinone Series of Trypanosoma cruzi Proteasome Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10413-10431. [PMID: 37506194 PMCID: PMC10424187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new treatments for Chagas disease, a parasitic infection which mostly impacts South and Central America. We previously reported on the discovery of GSK3494245/DDD01305143, a preclinical candidate for visceral leishmaniasis which acted through inhibition of the Leishmania proteasome. A related analogue, active against Trypanosoma cruzi, showed suboptimal efficacy in an animal model of Chagas disease, so alternative proteasome inhibitors were investigated. Screening a library of phenotypically active analogues against the T. cruzi proteasome identified an active, selective pyridazinone, the development of which is described herein. We obtained a cryo-EM co-structure of proteasome and a key inhibitor and used this to drive optimization of the compounds. Alongside this, optimization of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties afforded a suitable compound for mouse efficacy studies. The outcome of these studies is discussed, alongside future plans to further understand the series and its potential to deliver a new treatment for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
G. Thomas
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Kate McGonagle
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Paul Rowland
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - David A. Robinson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Peter G. Dodd
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Isabel Camino-Díaz
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Lorna Campbell
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Juan Cantizani
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Pablo Castañeda
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Daniel Conn
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - Darren Edwards
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Andrew Fosberry
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - Laura Frame
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Panchali Goswami
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - Xiao Hu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Chemistry, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, U.K., SG1 2NY
| | - Lorna MacLean
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Julio Martin
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Nicole Mutter
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Christy Paterson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Imanol Peña
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Erika G. Pinto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Caterina Pont
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Frederick R. C. Simeons
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - John Thomas
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Karolina Wrobel
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | | | - Filip Zmuda
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
| | - Maria Marco
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Timothy J. Miles
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Pilar Manzano
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Global Health R&D, Severo Ochoa 2, PTM, Tres Cantos, Madrid ES 28760, Spain
| | - Manu De Rycker
- Drug
Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, School
of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, U.K., DD1 5EH
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3
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Liakh I, Janczy A, Pakiet A, Korczynska J, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Kaska L, Sledzinski T, Mika A. One-anastomosis gastric bypass modulates the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipins, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:408-416. [PMID: 34732836 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxylipins are polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives involved in the regulation of various processes, including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. They can be synthesized in various tissues, including adipose tissue. There is some evidence that obesity is associated with the deregulation of serum oxylipin levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (one-anastomosis gastric bypass) on the serum levels of selected oxylipins and their fatty acid precursors and to verify the hypothesis that their changes after surgery can contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Moreover, we compared the oxylipin levels (prostaglandin E2, 13-HODE, maresin 1 and resolvin E1), fatty acids and the expression of enzymes that synthesize oxylipins in adipose tissue of lean controls and subjects with severe obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 50 patients with severe obesity that underwent bariatric surgery and 41 subjects in lean, control group. Fatty acid content was analyzed by GC-MS, oxylipin concentrations were measured with immunoenzymatic assay kits and real-time PCR analysis was used to assess mRNA levels in adipose tissue. RESULTS Our results show increased expression of some enzymes that synthesize oxylipins in adipose tissue and alterations in the levels of oxylipins in both adipose tissue and serum of subjects with obesity. After bariatric surgery, the levels of anti-inflammatory oxylipins increased, whereas pro-inflammatory oxylipins decreased. CONCLUSIONS In patients with obesity, the metabolism of oxylipins is deregulated in adipose tissue, and their concentrations in serum are altered. Bariatric surgery modulates the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipins, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Liakh
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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4
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Hutchinson JP, Temponeras I, Kuiper J, Cortes A, Korczynska J, Kitchen S, Stratikos E. Common allotypes of ER aminopeptidase 1 have substrate-dependent and highly variable enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100443. [PMID: 33617882 PMCID: PMC8024916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variation of immune system proteins can drive variability of individual immune responses. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) generates antigenic peptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Coding SNPs in ERAP1 have been associated with predisposition to inflammatory rheumatic disease and shown to affect functional properties of the enzyme, but the interplay between combinations of these SNPs as they exist in allotypes has not been thoroughly explored. We used phased genotype data to estimate ERAP1 allotype frequency in 2504 individuals across five major human populations, generated highly pure recombinant enzymes corresponding to the ten most common ERAP1 allotypes, and systematically characterized their in vitro enzymatic properties. We find that ERAP1 allotypes possess a wide range of enzymatic activities, up to 60-fold, whose ranking is substrate dependent. Strikingly, allotype 10, previously associated with Behçet’s disease, is consistently a low-activity outlier, suggesting that a significant percentage of individuals carry a subactive ERAP1 gene. Enzymatic analysis revealed that ERAP1 allotypes can differ in both catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity, differences that can change intermediate accumulation in multistep trimming reactions. Alterations in efficacy of an allosteric inhibitor that targets the regulatory site suggest that allotypic variation influences the communication between the regulatory and the active site. Our work defines the wide landscape of ERAP1 activity in human populations and demonstrates how common allotypes can induce substrate-dependent variability in antigen processing, thus contributing, in synergy with major histocompatibility complex haplotypes, to immune response variability and predisposition to chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Temponeras
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jonas Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Semra Kitchen
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Liddle J, Hutchinson JP, Kitchen S, Rowland P, Neu M, Cecconie T, Holmes DS, Jones E, Korczynska J, Koumantou D, Lea JD, Nickels L, Pemberton M, Phillipou A, Schneck JL, Sheehan H, Tinworth CP, Uings I, Wojno-Picon J, Young RJ, Stratikos E. Targeting the Regulatory Site of ER Aminopeptidase 1 Leads to the Discovery of a Natural Product Modulator of Antigen Presentation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3348-3358. [PMID: 32109056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an intracellular enzyme that generates antigenic peptides and is an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy and the control of autoimmunity. ERAP1 inhibitors described previously target the active site and are limited in selectivity, minimizing their clinical potential. To address this, we targeted the regulatory site of ERAP1 using a high-throughput screen and discovered a small molecule hit that is highly selective for ERAP1. (4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-(2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl)-8-hydroxy-5,6,8a-trimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid is a natural product found in Dodonaea viscosa that constitutes a submicromolar, highly selective, and cell-active modulator of ERAP1. Although the compound activates hydrolysis of small model substrates, it is a competitive inhibitor for physiologically relevant longer peptides. Crystallographic analysis confirmed that the compound targets the regulatory site of the enzyme that normally binds the C-terminus of the peptide substrate. Our findings constitute a novel starting point for the development of selective ERAP1 modulators that have potential for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Liddle
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jonathan P Hutchinson
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Semra Kitchen
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Rowland
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Margarete Neu
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ted Cecconie
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Duncan S Holmes
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emma Jones
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Despoina Koumantou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece
| | - Jonathan D Lea
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Leng Nickels
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michelle Pemberton
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Alex Phillipou
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jessica L Schneck
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Hester Sheehan
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Christopher P Tinworth
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Iain Uings
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Justyna Wojno-Picon
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert J Young
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece
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6
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Mika A, Sledzinski M, Korczynska J, Cackowska M, Sledzinski T, Debska-Slizien A, Chmielewski M. SP297ACTIVITY OF STEAROYL-CoA DESATURASE IN ADIPOSE TISSUE CONTRIBUTES TO INCREASED SERUM CONTENT OF MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz103.sp297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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7
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Wyllie S, Brand S, Thomas M, De Rycker M, Chung CW, Pena I, Bingham RP, Bueren-Calabuig JA, Cantizani J, Cebrian D, Craggs PD, Ferguson L, Goswami P, Hobrath J, Howe J, Jeacock L, Ko EJ, Korczynska J, MacLean L, Manthri S, Martinez MS, Mata-Cantero L, Moniz S, Nühs A, Osuna-Cabello M, Pinto E, Riley J, Robinson S, Rowland P, Simeons FRC, Shishikura Y, Spinks D, Stojanovski L, Thomas J, Thompson S, Viayna Gaza E, Wall RJ, Zuccotto F, Horn D, Ferguson MAJ, Fairlamb AH, Fiandor JM, Martin J, Gray DW, Miles TJ, Gilbert IH, Read KD, Marco M, Wyatt PG. Preclinical candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis that acts through proteasome inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9318-9323. [PMID: 30962368 PMCID: PMC6511062 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum, is one of the major parasitic diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat VL, because current therapies are unfit for purpose in a resource-poor setting. Here, we describe the development of a preclinical drug candidate, GSK3494245/DDD01305143/compound 8, with potential to treat this neglected tropical disease. The compound series was discovered by repurposing hits from a screen against the related parasite Trypanosoma cruzi Subsequent optimization of the chemical series resulted in the development of a potent cidal compound with activity against a range of clinically relevant L. donovani and L. infantum isolates. Compound 8 demonstrates promising pharmacokinetic properties and impressive in vivo efficacy in our mouse model of infection comparable with those of the current oral antileishmanial miltefosine. Detailed mode of action studies confirm that this compound acts principally by inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like activity catalyzed by the β5 subunit of the L. donovani proteasome. High-resolution cryo-EM structures of apo and compound 8-bound Leishmania tarentolae 20S proteasome reveal a previously undiscovered inhibitor site that lies between the β4 and β5 proteasome subunits. This induced pocket exploits β4 residues that are divergent between humans and kinetoplastid parasites and is consistent with all of our experimental and mutagenesis data. As a result of these comprehensive studies and due to a favorable developability and safety profile, compound 8 is being advanced toward human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wyllie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brand
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Thomas
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Manu De Rycker
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Imanol Pena
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Ryan P Bingham
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A Bueren-Calabuig
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Cantizani
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - David Cebrian
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Panchali Goswami
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Howe
- David Jack Centre for R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jeacock
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eun-Jung Ko
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna MacLean
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sujatha Manthri
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sonia Moniz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Nühs
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Pinto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Robinson
- David Jack Centre for R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rowland
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick R C Simeons
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Spinks
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - John Thomas
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Viayna Gaza
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Wall
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A J Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alan H Fairlamb
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Fiandor
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Julio Martin
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Miles
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
| | - Maria Marco
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain;
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
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Walker A, Chung CW, Neu M, Burman M, Batuwangala T, Jones G, Tang CM, Steward M, Mullin M, Tournier N, Lewis A, Korczynska J, Chung V, Catchpole I. Novel Interaction Mechanism of a Domain Antibody-based Inhibitor of Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with Greater Potency than Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab and Improved Capacity over Aflibercept. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5500-5511. [PMID: 26728464 PMCID: PMC4786692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A potent VEGF inhibitor with novel antibody architecture and antigen binding mode has been developed. The molecule, hereafter referred to as VEGF dual dAb (domain antibody), was evaluated in vitro for binding to VEGF and for potency in VEGF-driven models and compared with other anti-VEGF biologics that have been used in ocular anti-angiogenic therapeutic regimes. VEGF dual dAb is more potent than bevacizumab and ranibizumab for VEGF binding, inhibition of VEGF receptor binding assays (RBAs), and VEGF-driven in vitro models of angiogenesis and displays comparable inhibition to aflibercept (Eylea). VEGF dual dAb is dimeric, and each monomer contains two distinct anti-VEGF domain antibodies attached via linkers to a human IgG1 Fc domain. Mechanistically, the enhanced in vitro potency of VEGF dual dAb, in comparison to other anti-VEGF biologics, can be explained by increased binding stoichiometry. A consistent model of the target engagement has been built based on the x-ray complexes of each of the two isolated domain antibodies with the VEGF antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vicky Chung
- BioPharm Process Research, GSK Medicine's Research Centre, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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9
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Mika A, Kaska L, Korczynska J, Mirowska A, Stepnowski P, Proczko M, Ratnicki-Sklucki K, Goyke E, Sledzinski T. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA levels and fatty acid desaturation index positively correlate with BMI in morbidly obese women. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mirowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Goyke
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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10
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Sledzinski T, Korczynska J, Hallmann A, Kaska L, Proczko-Markuszewska M, Stefaniak T, Sledzinski M, Swierczynski J. The increase of serum chemerin concentration is mainly associated with the increase of body mass index in obese, non-diabetic subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:428-34. [PMID: 23211604 DOI: 10.3275/8770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemerin is a newly discovered adipokine, whose circulating concentration is increased in obesity. AIM To elucidate whether the increased circulating chemerin concentrations in obese subjects are associated with the increase of fat mass, the increase in chemerin gene expression in adipose tissue or both. MATERIAL/SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum chemerin concentrations in 20 non-obese healthy volunteers and 21 non-diabetic obese subjects were measured using ELISA. Chemerin mRNA and chemerin protein levels in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects were analyzed by Real-Time PCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS We found that the serum chemerin concentrations were significantly higher in obese subjects than in controls and positively correlated with BMI, fat mass and body mass. Moreover serum chemerin concentrations were correlated positively with serum CRP concentrations independently of BMI. No correlation was found between the chemerin mRNA and chemerin protein levels in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and BMI, fat mass, or body weight. Likewise, there was no correlation between the serum chemerin concentrations and the levels of chemerin mRNA and protein in adipose tissue of obese patients. Multiple regression analysis suggests that BMI was the main predictor of serum chemerin concentration. In contrast to chemerin, both serum leptin concentrations and adipose tissue leptin mRNA levels positively correlated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here indicate that serum chemerin concentrations correlated with BMI, whereas chemerin mRNA levels in adipose tissue did not. Thus the elevated circulating chemerin concentration in obese, non-diabetic patients was mainly associated with the increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Sledzinski T, Korczynska J, Goyke E, Stefaniak T, Proczko-Markuszewska M, Kaska L, Swierczynski J. Association Between Cytosolic Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Expression in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and BMI. Cell Physiol Biochem 2013; 32:300-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000354438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Adrych K, Smoczynski M, Stojek M, Sledzinski T, Korczynska J, Goyke E, Swierczynski J. Coordinated increase in serum platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β1 in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2011; 11:434-40. [PMID: 21921666 DOI: 10.1159/000330294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies suggest that platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) play an important role in pancreatic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Forty male patients with a history of alcoholic CP and 35 age-matched healthy subjects were examined. Serum concentrations of PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, laminin and hyaluronic acid were determined by ELISA assay. Additionally, we determined serum concentrations of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 in patients with functional dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. RESULTS Patients with advanced CP had significantly higher serum PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations compared to control subjects. A strong positive correlation between serum PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations was found in patients with CP. Serum laminin and hyaluronic acid were also elevated in patients with CP. No increase in serum PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations was found in patients with functional dyspepsia, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate for the first time that serum levels of PDGF-BB are elevated in patients with CP. However, ROC curve analysis suggests that PDGF-BB is not superior to laminin as a potential marker of advanced CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Adrych
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Sucajtys-Szulc E, Turyn J, Goyke E, Korczynska J, Stelmanska E, Slominska E, Smolenski RT, Rutkowski B, Swierczynski J. Differential effect of prolonged food restriction and fasting on hypothalamic malonyl-CoA concentration and expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides genes in rats. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:17-23. [PMID: 20004973 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that malonyl-CoA in the hypothalamus plays an important role in monitoring and modulating body energy balance. In fasted state the level of malonyl-CoA concentration significantly decreases. Simultaneously, orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY - neuropeptide Y, AgRP - agouti-related peptide) genes are expressed at high level, whereas anorexigenic neuropeptides (CART - cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript, POMC - proopiomelanocortin) genes are expressed at low level. When food intake resumes, opposite effect is observed. This study examined the effect of prolonged food restriction, common in humans trying to lose body weight on expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides genes and on malonyl-CoA content in rat whole hypothalamus. We observed an increase of NPY and AgRP mRNA levels in hypothalamus of rats kept on 30 days-long food restriction (50% of the amount of food consumed by controls). Simultaneously, a decrease of CART and POMC mRNA levels occurred. Refeeding caused a decrease in NPY and POMC mRNA levels without effect on AgRP and CART mRNA. Surprisingly, both prolonged food restriction and food restriction/refeeding caused the increase of malonyl-CoA level in whole hypothalamus. In contrast, fasting for 24h caused the decrease of malonyl-CoA level, which was associated with the up-regulation of NPY and AgRP genes expression and down-regulation of CART and POMC genes expression. After refeeding opposite effect was observed. These results indicate that prolonged food restriction and acute fasting, conditions in which energy expenditure exceeds intake, differentially affect malonyl-CoA concentration and similarly affect orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide genes expression in whole rat hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Sucajtys-Szulc
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Sucajtys-Szulc E, Goyke E, Korczynska J, Stelmanska E, Rutkowski B, Swierczynski J. Refeeding after prolonged food restriction differentially affects hypothalamic and adipose tissue leptin gene expression. Neuropeptides 2009; 43:321-5. [PMID: 19539991 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rat adipose tissue is the principal site of leptin synthesis, however, leptin gene expression has been demonstrated in many rat tissues. Some data indicate that leptin produced by human brain and adipose tissue could cooperate in the regulation of food intake. In this case the regulation of leptin gene expression in hypothalamus and in adipose tissue should be coordinately regulated. Food restriction is often undertaken by many humans trying to lose body weight. Thus, the current study was aimed to analyze whether leptin gene expression in rat hypothalamus and in adipose tissue is regulated synchronously by prolonged food restriction and prolonged food restriction/refeeding. We demonstrate here that although leptin gene is expressed at very low level in rat hypothalamus, its expression in hypothalamus was down-regulated by prolonged food restriction similarly as in the white adipose tissue. Refeeding after prolonged food restriction caused both an increase of leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue and the increase in serum leptin concentration. In contrast, no significant effect of prolonged food restriction/refeeding on hypothalamic leptin gene expression was observed. The reduction of leptin gene expression in both hypothalamus and white adipose tissue by prolonged food restriction was associated with a significant increase of NPY gene (a target of leptin signaling) expression in hypothalamus. Refeeding after prolonged food restriction caused the decrease of NPY gene expression in hypothalamus, however NPY mRNA level remained higher than in controls. The results presented in this paper indicate that prolonged food restriction/refeeding differentially affects leptin gene expression in adipose tissue and in hypothalamus. Moreover, obtained data suggest that in rats leptin synthesized in hypothalamus exerts marginal effect on NPY gene expression and on serum leptin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Sucajtys-Szulc
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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15
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Sucajtys-Szulc E, Goyke E, Korczynska J, Stelmanska E, Rutkowski B, Swierczynski J. Chronic food restriction differentially affects NPY mRNA level in neurons of the hypothalamus and in neurons that innervate liver. Neurosci Lett 2008; 433:174-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Brzowzowski M, Korczynska J, Hu TC, Smith DK, Jenkins J, Lewis R. Development of a new microplate for micro-scale vapour diffusion. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307093439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Swierczynski J, Korczynska J, Goyke E, Adrych K, Raczynska S, Sledzinski Z. Serum hepatocyte growth factor concentration in obese women decreases after vertical banded gastroplasty. Obes Surg 2005; 15:803-8. [PMID: 15978151 DOI: 10.1381/0960892054222678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is associated with increased serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) concentration. This study examines whether reduced body fat mass after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) is associated with a decrease in serum HGF concentration. METHODS Serum HGF concentration and body weight, BMI, body fat mass, blood pressure, serum leptin, insulin, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol concentrations were studied in 10 obese women before and 1 year after VBG. 10 lean, healthy women were used as controls. RESULTS Obese women showed significantly higher serum HGF concentration than control (lean, healthy) subjects. The mean serum HGF concentration decreased significantly 1 year after VBG, but did not reach the value observed in lean women. After VBG, BMI, body fat mass and serum HGF had similar patterns of decrease. Moreover, serum HGF concentration was positively correlated with both BMI (r=0.6, P<0.01) and body fat mass (r=0.6, P<0.01). Before surgery in obese women, elevated blood pressure was observed, which decreased after VBG. Linear regression analysis between blood pressure and serum HGF concentration using all subjects, showed no correlation between either systolic blood pressure and serum HGF concentration (r=.15, P=NS) or between diastolic blood pressure and serum HGF concentration (r=0.1, P=NS). Insulin resistance index (HOMA score), serum leptin, insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations decreased 1 year after VBG. However, serum cholesterol concentration did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that VBG results in a reduction in circulating HGF concentration. The reduced body fat mass may contribute in part to the decrease of serum HGF concentration after VBG. Because elevated serum HGF concentration may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis, the decrease in serum HGF concentration after VBG may be beneficial for obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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18
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Derewenda U, Oleksy A, Stevenson AS, Korczynska J, Dauter Z, Somlyo AP, Otlewski J, Somlyo AV, Derewenda ZS. The crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the DH/PH fragment of PDZRhoGEF, an activator of the Ca(2+) sensitization pathway in smooth muscle. Structure 2005; 12:1955-65. [PMID: 15530360 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2004] [Revised: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium sensitization in smooth muscle is mediated by the RhoA GTPase, activated by hitherto unspecified nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) acting downstream of Galphaq/Galpha(12/13) trimeric G proteins. Here, we show that at least one potential GEF, the PDZRhoGEF, is present in smooth muscle, and its isolated DH/PH fragment induces calcium sensitization in the absence of agonist-mediated signaling. In vitro, the fragment shows high selectivity for the RhoA GTPase. Full-length fragment is required for the nucleotide exchange, as the isolated DH domain enhances it only marginally. We crystallized the DH/PH fragment of PDZRhoGEF in complex with nonprenylated human RhoA and determined the structure at 2.5 A resolution. The refined molecular model reveals that the mutual disposition of the DH and PH domains is significantly different from other previously described complexes involving DH/PH tandems, and that the PH domain interacts with RhoA in a unique mode. The DH domain makes several specific interactions with RhoA residues not conserved among other Rho family members, suggesting the molecular basis for the observed specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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19
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Szolkiewicz M, Sucajtys E, Wolyniec W, Rutkowski P, Stelmanska E, Korczynska J, Swierczynski J, Rutkowski B. Mechanisms of enhanced carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in uremia. J Ren Nutr 2005; 15:166-72. [PMID: 15648028 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperlipidemia is a permanent finding in advanced renal failure. It is supposed to be responsible for the accelerated arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular complications observed in patients with that disease. The background is partially determined, however, our knowledge in this matter is not yet satisfactory. METHODS This study is based on the experimental rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF). Considering white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis upregulation in CRF, along with the determination of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes expression, we have measured WAT gene expression for sterol regulatory binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) at the level of protein mass and mRNA abundance. Furthermore, we have determined glucose uptake, glucose-to-CO 2 conversion rate, and glucose translocator (GLUT-4) gene expression in WAT. RESULTS Upregulation of both FAS and ACC gene expression was found in WAT of CRF rats. It was accompanied by WAT SREBP-1 gene overexpression. Moreover, we have observed the increased glucose uptake, glucose to CO 2 conversion rate, and GLUT-4 gene expression in WAT of CRF rats in comparison with controls. CONCLUSION SREBP-1 gene overexpression may contribute to enhanced lipogenesis upregulation in WAT of CRF rats. It is not excluded that the increased WAT glucose metabolism activity is also induced by this mechanism, although there is no evidence currently to that end. We hypothesize that the increased WAT lipogenesis capacity could be a part of mechanism(s) leading to CRF-induced hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szolkiewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Stelmanska E, Sucajtys-Szulc E, Korczynska J, Adrych K, Swierczynski J. Diversity of SREBP-1 gene expression in rat adipose tissue depots in response to refeeding after food restriction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2004; 1733:130-6. [PMID: 15863360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The SREBP-1c mRNA level and precursor (microsomal) form of SREBP-1 abundance were significantly higher in epididymal and perirenal than in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of control rats. Moreover, the SREBP-1c mRNA level and an amount of precursor form of SREBP-1 were significantly higher in the epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue of rats maintained on restricted diet and refed ad libitum for 48 h as compared to the control animals. No significant effects of food restriction/refeeding on SREBP-1c mRNA level and an amount of precursor form of SREBP-1 were found in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. The mature (nuclear) form of SREBP-1 was significantly increased in the epididymal, perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of the food restricted/refed animals. The activity, protein level and the mRNA abundance of malic enzyme (one of the target genes for SREBP-1) increased significantly in the epididymal, perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of the food restricted/refed rats as compared to the control animals, however the increase in perirenal and epididymal was higher than in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue. The results presented suggest that SREBP-1c is differently expressed in various rat white adipose tissue depots both under basal (control) and dieting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry Medical University of Gdansk ul. Debinki 1, Poland
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Stelmanska E, Korczynska J, Swierczynski J. Tissue-specific effect of refeeding after short- and long-term caloric restriction on malic enzyme gene expression in rat tissues. Acta Biochim Pol 2004. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2004_3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Restricting food intake to a level below that consumed voluntarily (85%, 70% and 50% of the ad libitum energy intake for 3 or 30 days) and re-feeding ad libitum for 48 h results in an increase of malic enzyme (ME) gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. The increase of ME gene expression was much more pronounced in rats maintained on restricted diet for 30 days than for 3 days. The changes in ME gene expression resembled the changes in the content of SREBP-1 in white adipose tissue. A similar increase of serum insulin concentration was observed in all groups at different degrees of caloric restriction and refed ad libitum for 48 h. Caloric restriction and refeeding caused on increase of ME activity also in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver. However, in liver a significant increase of ME activity was found only in rats maintained on the restricted diet for 30 days. No significant changes after caloric restriction and refeeding were found in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney cortex, and brain. These data indicate that the increase of ME gene expression after caloric restriction/refeeding occurs only in lipogenic tissues. Thus, one can conclude that caloric restriction/refeeding increases the enzymatic capacity for fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Korczynska J, Stelmanska E, Nogalska A, Szolkiewicz M, Goyke E, Swierczynski J, Rutkowski B. Upregulation of lipogenic enzymes genes expression in white adipose tissue of rats with chronic renal failure is associated with higher level of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1. Metabolism 2004; 53:1060-5. [PMID: 15281019 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) frequently results in hypertriglyceridemia and elevated plasma concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). These abnormalities are thought to be primarily due to depressed lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities, as well as impaired clearance of plasma lipoproteins. Some results suggest that not only lipoproteins catabolism but also their overproduction might contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in CRF. Because sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) plays an important role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, increased level of this transcription factor might be involved in modulating lipid metabolism in CRF. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether there is an altered regulation of the SREBP-1 in CRF rats and whether the altered regulation of SREBP-1 is associated with the upregulation of lipogenic enzymes genes expression in CRF rats. In the white adipose tissue (WAT) of CRF rats, marked increases in the microsomal (precursor) and nuclear (mature) forms of SREBP-1 have been found. The increase in SREBP-1 was associated with an increased level of lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-coenzyme A [CoA] carboxylase [ACC], adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase [ACL], fatty acid synthase [FAS], glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PDH], 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6PGDH], and malic enzyme [ME]) genes expression. In turn, this was associated with an increased rate of fatty acids synthesis in WAT and a significant increase in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and VLDL concentration. Our study indicates that WAT SREBP-1 expression is increased in CRF rats and that SREBP-1 may play an important role in the increased fatty acid synthesis. These results reveal another facet of disturbed lipid metabolism in CRF.
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Stelmanska E, Korczynska J, Swierczynski J. Tissue-specific effect of refeeding after short- and long-term caloric restriction on malic enzyme gene expression in rat tissues. Acta Biochim Pol 2004; 51:805-814. [PMID: 15448740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 03/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Restricting food intake to a level below that consumed voluntarily (85%, 70% and 50% of the ad libitum energy intake for 3 or 30 days) and re-feeding ad libitum for 48 h results in an increase of malic enzyme (ME) gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. The increase of ME gene expression was much more pronounced in rats maintained on restricted diet for 30 days than for 3 days. The changes in ME gene expression resembled the changes in the content of SREBP-1 in white adipose tissue. A similar increase of serum insulin concentration was observed in all groups at different degrees of caloric restriction and refed ad libitum for 48 h. Caloric restriction and refeeding caused on increase of ME activity also in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver. However, in liver a significant increase of ME activity was found only in rats maintained on the restricted diet for 30 days. No significant changes after caloric restriction and refeeding were found in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney cortex, and brain. These data indicate that the increase of ME gene expression after caloric restriction/refeeding occurs only in lipogenic tissues. Thus, one can conclude that caloric restriction/refeeding increases the enzymatic capacity for fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Korczynska J, Stelmanska E, Swierczynski J. Differential effect of long-term food restriction on fatty acid synthase and leptin gene expression in rat white adipose tissue. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35:593-7. [PMID: 14605993 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-43505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term food restriction (85%, 70% and 50% of ad libitum energy intake for one month) induced a substantial fall in serum leptin concentration and leptin mRNA levels in epididymal white adipose tissue in rats. Surprisingly, this suppression was not reversed by refeeding ad libitum for 48 h. The reduction in serum leptin concentration and leptin mRNA level did not strictly correlate with reduction in fat or body mass. Unlike serum leptin concentration and epididymal adipose tissue leptin mRNA levels, fatty acid synthase activity, fatty acid synthase protein abundance and fatty acid synthase mRNA levels increased significantly in white adipose tissue after refeeding rats subjected to food restriction. The increase in serum insulin concentration was observed in all groups on different degrees of food restriction and refed ad libitum for 48 h compared to controls. A decrease in serum insulin concentration was found in the rats not refed before sacrifice. Long-term food restriction did not significantly affect serum glucose concentrations in either refed or non-refed rats. The data reported in this paper indicate that there is no rapid rebound in serum leptin concentration or leptin gene expression in contrast to the increase in serum insulin concentration and fatty acid gene expression in white adipose tissue of rats refed ad libitum after one month's food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Korczynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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Rutkowski B, Szolkiewicz M, Korczynska J, Sucajtys E, Stelmanska E, Nieweglowski T, Swierczynski J. The role of lipogenesis in the development of uremic hyperlipidemia. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41:S84-8. [PMID: 12612960 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that hypertriglyceridemia in renal failure mostly is a result of impaired plasma triglyceride (TG) removal. However, the role of TG production in its development is obscure. Therefore, our attention was given to the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes participating in TG biosynthesis. METHODS We measured some lipogenic enzyme activities, protein abundance (Western blot analysis), and messenger RNA level (Northern blot analysis) in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats with surgically induced renal failure (two-stage subtotal nephrectomy). Simultaneously, plasma TG and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations in uremic animals were determined. RESULTS An increase in plasma TG and VLDL concentrations in rats with renal failure was observed. It was associated with an increase in fatty acid synthase and adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) gene expression in liver and WAT. Moreover, increased activities of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were found. CONCLUSION Results of the present study provide some evidence that the accumulation of TG-rich lipoproteins in renal insufficiency could be related in part to increased lipogenic enzyme gene expression and, consequently, TG overproduction.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/genetics
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/immunology
- ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue/enzymology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Blotting, Northern/statistics & numerical data
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Blotting, Western/statistics & numerical data
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/immunology
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/physiology
- Hyperlipidemias/blood
- Hyperlipidemias/enzymology
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemias/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/enzymology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/metabolism
- Malate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Malate Dehydrogenase/immunology
- Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Malate Dehydrogenase/physiology
- Nephrectomy
- Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/immunology
- Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Szolkiewicz M, Nieweglowski T, Korczynska J, Sucajtys E, Stelmanska E, Goyke E, Swierczynski J, Rutkowski B. Upregulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression in experimental chronic renal failure. Metabolism 2002; 51:1605-10. [PMID: 12489075 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2002.36302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) and elevated plasma concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are thought to be a consequence of the depressed lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities and impaired clearance of lipoproteins. However, there is some evidence that the lipoproteins overproduction might also contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in CRF. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that the increased rate of lipogenesis consequent to upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key lipogenic enzyme, gene expression could contribute to overproduction of triacylglycerols and to hypertriglyceridemia in CRF. FAS activity, FAS protein mass (Western blot analysis), and FAS mRNA level (Northern blot analysis) in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) were measured in male Wistar rats 6 weeks after subtotal (5 of 6) nephrectomy or sham operation. Moreover, the rate of lipogenesis in WAT was determined. The CRF group showed significant increase in FAS gene expression (measured as activity, mRNA, and protein abundance) in both liver and WAT. This was associated with the increase in the lipogenesis rate and with the increase in plasma triacylglycerol and VLDL concentrations. Our results suggest that not only decreased removal, but also an increase of triacylglycerol production could contribute, in part, to the CRF-associated hyperlipidemia. Upregulation of FAS gene expression, shown in this report for the first time, reveals another factor involved in disturbed lipid metabolism in CRF. It seems that elevated plasma insulin and cytokine concentration could play an important role in the mechanism responsible for the increased FAS gene expression in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szolkiewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Swierczynski J, Korczynska J, Szolkiewicz M, Karbowska J, Kochan Z, Nieweglowski T, Kusiak E, Rutkowski B. Low leptin mRNA level in adipose tissue and normoleptinemia in experimental chronic renal failure. Exp Nephrol 2001; 9:54-9. [PMID: 11053981 DOI: 10.1159/000020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia and weight loss frequently accompany chronic renal failure (CRF). Although multiple metabolic changes occur during CRF, a bulk of evidence indicates that the decrease in caloric intake plays a major role in CRF-induced weight loss. Recently, it has been suggested that elevated plasma leptin concentrations could contribute to anorexia and to downregulation of leptin gene expression in CRF patients. However, in some CRF patients, plasma leptin concentrations have been found to be lower than one could expect. Thus we assumed that inhibition of leptin synthesis plays an important role in the regulation of plasma leptin concentrations in CRF patients. METHODS To test this assumption, the leptin mRNA level in rat white adipose tissue from ad-libitum-fed control (sham operated), pair-fed control (sham operated) and rats with experimentally induced CRF has been measured by Northern blotting analysis. In addition, serum leptin concentration (by radioimmunoassay) was determined in all three groups of animals. RESULTS The results of the present study indicate that in experimental CRF the leptin mRNA level is decreased by about 50% as compared to the sham-operated animals (ad-libitum-fed and pair-fed controls). The mean serum leptin concentration in CRF rats was essentially similar to the leptin concentration in sham-operated ones. CONCLUSION The data obtained suggest that in CRF animals the serum leptin concentration might be affected not only by the decrease in leptin removal in the kidney, but also by the decrease in leptin secretion from adipose tissue. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that leptin may be only one of many factors involved in the pathogenesis of malnutrition associated with CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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Markiewicz A, Semenowicz K, Korczynska J, Czachowska A. Chronopharmacokinetics of dipyridamole. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 1979; 17:222-4. [PMID: 468446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The experiment carried out in 6 volunteers shows a better availability of a 75 mg single oral dose of dipyridamole administered at 600 than at 2200. The availability of dipyridamole administered at 600. The dependence of kel and t0.5(elim) on the time of drug administration is less distinct.
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