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Łukaszewicz P, Siudak P, Kropidłowska K, Caban M, Haliński ŁP. Unicellular cyanobacteria degrade sulfoxaflor to its amide metabolite of potentially higher aquatic toxicity. Chemosphere 2023; 337:139440. [PMID: 37422216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is a fourth-generation neonicotinoid used widely in modern agriculture. Due to its high water solubility and mobility in environment, it is expected to occur in water environment. Degradation of SFX leads to formation of corresponding amide (M474), which in the light of recent studies may be much more toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent molecule. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the potential of two common species of unicellular bloom-forming cyanobacteria (Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa) to metabolize SFX in a 14-day-long experiment, using elevated (10 mg L-1) and predicted highest environmental (10 μg L-1) concentrations. The results obtained support the occurrence of SFX metabolism in cyanobacterial monocultures, leading to release of M474 into the water. Differential SFX decline in culture media, followed by the presence of M474, was observed for both species at different concentration levels. For S. salina, SFX concentration decreased by 7.6% at lower concentration and by 21.3% at higher concentration; the M474 concentrations were 436 ng L-1 and 514 μg L-1, respectively. Corresponding values for M. aeruginosa were 14.3% and 3.0% for SFX decline; 282 ng L-1 and 317 μg L-1 for M474 concentration. In the same time, abiotic degradation was almost non-existent. Metabolic fate of SFX was then studied for its elevated starting concentration. Uptake of SFX to cells and amounts of M474 released to water fully addressed the decrease in SFX concentration in M. aeruginosa culture, while in S. salina 15.5% of initial SFX was transformed to yet unknown metabolites. The degradation rate of SFX observed in the present study is sufficient to produce a concentration of M474 that is potentially toxic for aquatic invertebrates during cyanobacterial blooms. Therefore, there is a need for more reliable risk assessment for the presence of SFX in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Siudak
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kropidłowska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Quijas G, Haliński ŁP, Gobis K, Bojanowski R, Bojanowski K. Synthesis and new skin-relevant properties of the salicylic acid ester of bakuchiol. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:734-742. [PMID: 35727142 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2089882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bakusylan (bakuchiol salicylate) is a bipartite compound obtained by merging two skin-active entities with complementary bioactivities-bakuchiol and salicylic acid-for the purpose of generating a new class of functional retinoids with enhanced skin benefits. Here, we describe its preparation process and report that pure bakusylan exhibits potential for an improved permeation through the stratum corneum, enhances type IV collagen gene expression in organotypic skin substitutes containing both epidermal and dermal layers, and upregulates this protein in adult human dermal fibroblast cultures. The mechanism of action underlying these effects appears to involve the components of the IP3K/Akt signaling pathway selectively implicated in the maintenance of skin integrity, further underlying the suitability of this ester for skin care applications requiring enhanced cutaneous permeation targeting the dermal-epidermal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Łukaszewicz P, Stepnowski P, Haliński ŁP. The first fully optimized and validated SPE-LC-MS/MS method for determination of the new-generation neonicotinoids in surface water samples. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136868. [PMID: 36265709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of the new generation neonicotinoids (NQs) results in their constant inflow to water bodies. Both their persistence in waters and mechanism of action similar to older compounds already banned in the EU raise concerns about potential ecotoxicological effects. Information about presence of the new NQs in the aquatic environment is still sparse, and the consequences for aquatic organisms remain mostly unknown, due to the lack of sensitive and selective analytical tools. Therefore, a method utilizing solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) has been developed and optimized, enabling the monitoring of EU-approved NQs: acetamiprid (ACT), sulfoxaflor (SFX) and flupyradifurone (FLU), and common NQ metabolite 6-chloronicotinoic acid (6-CNA) in surface waters. To optimize their extraction from natural water samples, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used. An increase in pH value favored higher absolute recoveries (AR) of ACT, SFX and FLU, while the opposite effect was observed for 6-CNA. Increasing water sample volume had adverse effect on the extraction of all compounds. The optimal conditions for simultaneous extraction of all compounds included the use of Oasis HLB sorbent, 200 mL of a water sample at pH of 4.6, and application of 0.3% HCOOH in acetonitrile as an eluent, allowing to obtain AR values above 80% in most cases. Further increase in pH value had positive impact on extraction effectiveness of ACT, SFX and FLU. The method was subjected to full matrix-matched validation and was proven to be fully reliable for the analysis of ACT, SFX and FLU, while the successful isolation of 6-CNA depends on the matrix composition. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of NQs in surface water samples, proving its sensitivity and selectivity. It can be easily adapted as a tool for trace analysis of NQs and for NQ-associated risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Lipińska MM, Haliński ŁP, Gołębiowski M, Kowalkowska AK. Active Compounds with Medicinal Potential Found in Maxillariinae Benth. (Orchidaceae Juss.) Representatives-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010739. [PMID: 36614181 PMCID: PMC9821772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a whole range of different health conditions, and representatives of the Neotropical subtribe Maxillariinae are not an exception. They are utilized, for instance, for their spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this work, we analyze the literature concerning the chemical composition of the plant extracts and secretions of this subtribe's representatives published between 1991 and 2022. Maxillariinae is one of the biggest taxa within the orchid family; however, to date, only 19 species have been investigated in this regard and, as we report, they produce 62 semiochemicals of medical potential. The presented review is the first summary of biologically active compounds found in Maxillariinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M. Lipińska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
- Foundation Polish Orchid Association, 81-825 Sopot, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz P. Haliński
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K. Kowalkowska
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Margońska HB, Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Brzezicka E, Haliński ŁP, Davies KL, Lipińska MM. Crepidium sect. Crepidium (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae)-Chemical and Morphological Study of Flower Structures in the Context of Pollination Processes. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112373. [PMID: 34834736 PMCID: PMC8621117 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crepidium is a large genus of mainly pantropical orchids. The lips of its flowers are upwardly directed and do not serve as landing platforms for pollinators. This role is assumed by the dorsal sepal and/or gynostemium. Information about the pollination and floral morphology of this genus is scarce. To date, no papers have been published on these topics. Field observations have revealed that the flowers are visited by small flies, midges, fruit flies, other small dipterans, ants, spiders, and mites. Preliminary observations revealed at least two forms of small liquid droplets secreted on the lip surface of Crepidium species: simple secretions from epidermal cells, and cell sap released upon the rupturing of raphide-producing cells. Further research revealed that this was the first time liquid secretion was recorded in this genus. Floral secretions were subjected to sequential organic solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Floral parts were investigated by means of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and histochemical tests. The presence of liquid droplets on the lip of Crepidium, the presence of a food reward, and the sequence of raphide development are reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B. Margońska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilia Brzezicka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.-K.); (E.B.)
| | - Łukasz P. Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Kevin L. Davies
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardif CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Monika M. Lipińska
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Pakiet A, Haliński ŁP, Rostkowska O, Kaska Ł, Proczko-Stepaniak M, Śledziński T, Mika A. The Effects of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass on Fatty Acids in the Serum of Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4264-4271. [PMID: 34255274 PMCID: PMC8458202 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is associated with alterations in serum fatty acid profiles. One-anastomosis gastric bypass is a type of bariatric surgery used in the treatment of morbid obesity. The aim of this study was to establish if, between 6 and 9 months after this procedure, the fatty acid composition in the serum of patients normalizes to values similar to the healthy, lean population. Materials/Methods The study included 46 patients that underwent surgical treatment for obesity with one-anastomosis gastric bypass. The serum fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis was conducted to detect the differences between fatty acid profiles in patients pre- and post-surgery, and in 29 control nonobese subjects. Results Patients with morbid obesity were characterized by lowered levels of beneficial odd- and branched-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. While the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid amounts normalized 6–9 months after bariatric treatment, the polyunsaturated fatty acid levels did not. Moreover, the total fatty acid profiles of patients pre- and post-bariatric surgery were still markedly different than those of lean, healthy controls. Conclusion Following one-anastomosis gastric bypass, there are some beneficial changes in serum fatty acids in treated patients, possibly due to weight loss and dietary regimen changes. However, they may be insufficient to restore the proper levels of other fatty acids, which may need to be additionally supplemented. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-309, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Proczko-Stepaniak
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Moreira CJS, Bento A, Pais J, Petit J, Escórcio R, Correia VG, Pinheiro Â, Haliński ŁP, Mykhaylyk OO, Rothan C, Silva Pereira C. An Ionic Liquid Extraction That Preserves the Molecular Structure of Cutin Shown by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:592-606. [PMID: 32788301 PMCID: PMC7536654 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The biopolyester cutin is ubiquitous in land plants, building the polymeric matrix of the plant's outermost defensive barrier, the cuticle. Cutin influences many biological processes in planta; however, due to its complexity and highly branched nature, the native structure remains partially unresolved. Our aim was to define an original workflow for the purification and systematic characterization of the molecular structure of cutin. To purify cutin we tested the ionic liquids cholinium hexanoate and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate. The ensuing polymeric materials are highly esterified, amorphous, and have a typical monomeric composition as demonstrated by solid-state NMR, complemented by spectroscopic, thermal, and x-ray scattering analyses. We performed a systematic study by solution-state NMR of cryogenically milled cutins extracted from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom'; the wild type and the GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE [GPAT6] and CUTIN SYNTHASE [CUS1] mutants). We resolved their molecular structures, relative distribution of ester aliphatics, free acid end-groups and free hydroxyl groups, differentiating between those derived from primary and secondary esters. Our data demonstrate the existence of free hydroxyl groups in cutin and provide insight into how the mutations affect the esterification arrangement of cutin. The usage of ionic liquids for studying plant polyesters has advantages over conventional approaches, since simple modifications can be applied to recover a biopolymer carrying distinct types/degrees of modifications (e.g. preservation of esters or cuticular polysaccharides), which in combination with the solution NMR methodologies developed here, constitutes essential tools to fingerprint the multifunctionality and the structure of cutin in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J S Moreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Artur Bento
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Pais
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Johann Petit
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rita Escórcio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Vanessa G Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ângela Pinheiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Soft Matter Analytical Laboratory, Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Fischer I, Meissner W, Haliński ŁP, Stepnowski P. Preen oil chemical composition in herring gull Larus argentatus, common gull Larus canus and black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus confirms their status as two separate genera. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Correia VG, Bento A, Pais J, Rodrigues R, Haliński ŁP, Frydrych M, Greenhalgh A, Stepnowski P, Vollrath F, King AWT, Silva Pereira C. The molecular structure and multifunctionality of the cryptic plant polymer suberin. Mater Today Bio 2019; 5:100039. [PMID: 32211605 PMCID: PMC7083753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suberin, a plant polyester, consists of polyfunctional long-chain fatty acids and glycerol and is an intriguing candidate as a novel antimicrobial material. We purified suberin from cork using ionic-liquid catalysis during which the glycerol bonds that ensure the polymeric nature of suberin remained intact or were only partially cleaved—yielding the closest to a native configuration reported to date. The chemistry of suberin, both in situ (in cryogenically ground cork) and ex situ (ionic-liquid extracted), was elucidated using high-resolution one- and two-dimensional solution-state NMR analyses. Centrifugation was used to isolate suberin particles of distinct densities and their monomeric composition, assembly, and bactericidal effect, inter alia, were assessed. Analysis of the molecular structure of suberin revealed the relative abundance of linear aliphatic vs. acylglycerol esters, comprising all acylglycerol configurations and the amounts of total carbonyls (C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>O), free acid end groups (COOH), OH aliphatics, and OH aromatics. Suberin centrifuged fractions revealed generic physiochemical properties and monomeric composition and self-assemble into polygonal structures that display distinct degrees of compactness when lyophilized. Suberin particles—suberinsomes—display bactericidal activity against major human pathogenic bacteria. Fingerprinting the multifunctionality of complex (plant) polyesters such as suberin allows for the identification of novel polymer assemblies with significant value-added properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A Bento
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J Pais
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - R Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ł P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Frydrych
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenhalgh
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - F Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - A W T King
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 (Chemicum), PL 55, 00014, Finland
| | - C Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Haliński ŁP, Samuels J, Stepnowski P. Multivariate analysis as a key tool in chemotaxonomy of brinjal eggplant, African eggplants and wild related species. Phytochemistry 2017; 144:87-97. [PMID: 28910606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable species worldwide, while African eggplants (S. aethiopicum L., S. macrocarpon L.) are indigenous vegetable species of local significance. Taxonomy of eggplants and their wild relatives is complicated and still unclear. Hence, the objective of the study was to clarify taxonomic position of cultivars and landraces of brinjal, its wild relatives and African eggplant species and their wild ancestors using chemotaxonomic markers and multivariate analysis techniques for data processing, with special attention paid to the recognition of markers characteristic for each group of the plants. The total of 34 accessions belonging to 9 species from genus Solanum L. were used in the study. Chemotaxonomic analysis was based on the profiles of cuticular n-alkanes and methylalkanes, obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Standard hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for the classification, while the latter and two-way HCA allowed to identify markers responsible for the clustering of the species. Cultivars, landraces and wild forms of S. melongena were practically identical in terms of their taxonomic position. The results confirmed high and statistically significant distinctiveness of all African eggplant species from the brinjal eggplant. The latter was characterized mostly by abundant long chain hydrocarbons in the range of 34-37 carbon atoms. The differences between both African eggplant species were, however, also statistically significant; S. aethiopicum displayed the highest contribution of 2-methylalkanes to the total cuticular hydrocarbons, while S. macrocarpon was characterized by elevated n-alkanes in the range of 25-32 carbon atoms. Wild ancestors of both African eggplant species were identical with their cultivated relatives. Concluding, high usefulness of the chemotaxonomic approach in classification of this important group of plants was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - John Samuels
- Novel Solanaceae Crops Project, Penzance, Cornwall, TR20 8XD, UK
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Fischer I, Haliński ŁP, Meissner W, Stepnowski P, Knitter M. Seasonal changes in the preen wax composition of the Herring gull Larus argentatus. CHEMOECOLOGY 2017; 27:127-139. [PMID: 28804215 PMCID: PMC5533864 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-017-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The preen gland produces oily secretion, which smeared onto a bird's plumage improves its maintenance. The main components of the secretion are waxes, and its composition often changes during the year. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the chemical composition of preen waxes in adult herring gulls Larus argentatus, captured in Poland in winter and in the breeding season. Preen gland secretions of herring gulls consist of monoester waxes, composed of about 29 saturated C7-C16 fatty acids and about 51 saturated C11-C20 alcohols. Unbranched-octanoic acid and n-hexadecanol dominated fatty acid and alcohol fractions, respectively, but 2-methyl-branched compounds were numerous in all individuals. The chemical compositions of fatty acids and alcohols differ between winter and the breeding season. In breeding gulls, 2-monomethyl-branched fatty acids were lower in content or could not be found, contrary to herring gulls in winter, where 2-monomethyl-substituted fatty acids were the second most abundant among all the fatty acids. Breeding gulls had also a higher content of n-octanoic acid and n-hexadecanol and a lower content of 2,6- and 2,8-dimethyl-substituted fatty acids than individuals caught during the winter. Differences in fatty acid composition were greater in breeding males, which incubate more often at night than breeding females. Hence, chemical changes in the preen wax composition in males may have evolved as additional nocturnal protection against mammalian predators which use olfaction to detect their prey and which are more active at night; however, this needs to be tested. Olfactory-based mate recognition in the colony also cannot be excluded at this stage of experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fischer
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knitter
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Haliński ŁP, Stepnowski P. Cuticular hydrocarbons and sucrose esters as chemotaxonomic markers of wild and cultivated tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon). Phytochemistry 2016; 132:57-67. [PMID: 27717501 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. Due to the limited genetic variability, wild related species are considered as potential gene pool for breeding cultivated plants with enriched genetic basis. Taxonomic relations between tomato species at the level of single groups and taxa still remain, however, not fully resolved. Hence, in addition to already reported classification based on the morphology of the plants and molecular markers, we proposed chemotaxonomic approach to unveil some aspects of tomato taxonomy. Cuticular hydrocarbons and surface sucrose esters (SEs) were used as chemotaxonomic markers. Classification based on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile was in good agreement with other taxonomic studies as long as between-species differences were taken into account. Clear separation of the common tomato and closely related species from the majority of S. pennellii accessions was obtained. In the same time, however, S. pennellii revealed broad variation: based on the results, three highly distinct types of these plants were proposed, among them one type was very similar to cultivated tomato and its relatives. Addition of SEs profiles to the dataset did not impair the classification, but clarified the position of S. pennellii. The results suggest possible hybrid origin of some of S. pennellii and wild S. lycopersicum accessions, and the approach proposed has a potential to identify such hybrid plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Śramska P, Maciejka A, Topolewska A, Stepnowski P, Haliński ŁP. Isolation of atropine and scopolamine from plant material using liquid-liquid extraction and EXtrelut ® columns. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1043:202-208. [PMID: 27616063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Solanaceae plants. Among them, plants from Datura genus produce significant amounts of scopolamine and hyoscyamine; the latter undergoes racemization to atropine during isolation. Because of their biological importance, toxic properties and commonly reported food and animal feed contamination by different Datura sp. organs, there is a constant need for reliable methods for the analysis of tropane alkaloids in many matrices. In the current study, three extraction and sample-clean up procedures for the determination of scopolamine and atropine in plant material were compared in terms of their effectiveness and repeatability. Standard liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and EXtrelut® NT 3 columns were used for the sample clean-up. Combined ultrasound-assisted extraction and 24h static extraction using ethyl acetate, followed by multiple LLE steps was found the most effective separation method among tested. However, absolute extraction recovery was relatively low and reached 45-67% for atropine and 52-73% for scopolamine, depending on the compound concentration. The same method was also the most effective one for the isolation of target compounds from Datura stramonium leaves. EXtrelut® columns, on the other hand, displayed relatively low effectiveness in isolating atropine and scopolamine from such a complex matrix and hence could not be recommended. The most effective method was also applied to the extraction of alkaloids from roots and stems of D. stramonium. Quantitative analyses were performed using validated method based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on the results, the importance of the proper selection of internal standards in the analysis of tropane alkaloids was stressed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Śramska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Artur Maciejka
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Topolewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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14
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Borecka M, Białk-Bielińska A, Haliński ŁP, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P, Stolte S. The influence of salinity on the toxicity of selected sulfonamides and trimethoprim towards the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. J Hazard Mater 2016; 308:179-186. [PMID: 26835894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the investigation of the influence of salinity variations on the toxicity of sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim towards the green algae Chlorella vulgaris after exposure times of 48 and 72 h. In freshwater the EC50 values ranged from 0.98 to 123.22 mg L(-1) depending on the compound. The obtained results revealed that sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine were the most toxic, while trimethoprim was the least toxic pharmaceutical to the selected organism. Deviations between the nominal and real test concentrations were determined via instrumental analysis to support the interpretation of ecotoxicological data. The toxicity effects were also tested in saline water (3, 6 and 9 PSU). The tendency that the toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals decreases with increasing salinity was observed. Higher salinity implies an elevated concentration of inorganic monovalent cations that are capable of binding with countercharges available on algal surfaces (hydroxyl functional groups). Hence it can reduce the permeability of pharmaceuticals through the algal cell walls, which could be the probable reason for the observed effect. Moreover, for the classification of the mode of toxic action, the toxic ratio concept was applied, which indicated that the effects of the investigated drugs towards algae are caused by the specific mode of toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borecka
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, LeobenerStraße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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15
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Haliński ŁP, Stepnowski P. Short-Term Water Deficit Changes Cuticular Sterol Profile in the Eggplant (Solanum melongena). Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:719-26. [PMID: 27127890 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crop irrigation uses a majority of a total world water supply, at the same time displaying low efficiency. As the expected, future water requirements are higher than the current ones; there is a risk of a growing deficit of water for the agricultural use. Hence, there is an arising need for better understanding the effects of water deprivation on the crop plants. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a vegetable crop cultivated in arid and semi-arid parts of the world. Because of its high water demands, the eggplant is a convenient model organism for studies concerning the effects of water deficit on the plant growth. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of short-term water deficit on eggplant leaf cuticular waxes and total sterols. Water deprivation did not affect the amount and composition of aliphatic components of cuticular waxes. Significant decrease in the total cuticular sterols and the increase in cuticular cholesterol were observed as an effect of water deficit. In contrast, some of the free internal sterols were more abundant in water-deprived plants. The possible importance of these observations, including increased biosynthesis of defensive compounds and the need to maintain the cell membrane stability, was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308, Gdańsk
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16
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Borecka M, Siedlewicz G, Haliński ŁP, Sikora K, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A. Contamination of the southern Baltic Sea waters by the residues of selected pharmaceuticals: Method development and field studies. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 94:62-71. [PMID: 25817309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study the occurrence of thirteen pharmaceuticals in seawaters collected from southern Baltic Sea was evaluated for the first time. It was performed by applying newly developed analytical procedure. The method was characterized in terms of its basic validation parameters as well as matrix effects, extraction efficiency and absolute recovery. The results were expressed as result ± expanded uncertainty, which was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Additionally, in order to verify the influence of variable parameters of the analyzed samples on method performance parameters, chemometric analysis was carried out. The obtained results revealed that residues of pharmaceuticals were present in seawaters at a concentration level of ng L(-1). Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were most frequently detected compounds. The highest concentration was determined for ketoprofen (135.0 ± 10.9 ng L(-1)). Marine pollution potential hotspots were found in enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borecka
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kinga Sikora
- Physicochemical Laboratories, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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17
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Topolewska A, Czarnowska K, Haliński ŁP, Stepnowski P. Evaluation of four derivatization methods for the analysis of fatty acids from green leafy vegetables by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:150-7. [PMID: 25875587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables are valuable secondary sources of nutrients, including lipids, commonly consumed in developing countries. However, method development for the analysis of fatty acids is usually focused on the animal lipid samples, rarely including natural plant extracts. Hence, the usefulness of four derivatization methods for the gas chromatographic analysis of plant lipids was studied. Methylation using 10% solution of BF3 in methanol and 2.0M solution of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (TMSD) in hexane, trimethylsilylation and tert-butyldimethylsilylation were compared using lipid standards and extracts from the leaves of Solanum macrocarpon and S. melongena after saponification. While silylation was found effective and precise using lipid standards, it initially did not perform well in the analysis of plant lipids due to the presence of transesterification products in samples. Optimization of the hydrolysis conditions resulted in an effective analysis of these derivatives, but poor separation of FA(18:0) from unsaturated FA(18:X) compounds and the presence of larger amounts of interferences disqualified the use silylation for the analysis of plant fatty acids in applied analytical conditions. Methylation using TMSD gave more precise quantitative results when compared to BF3/MeOH method. Also, it produced a significantly lower amount of interferences when applied to plant lipid samples. Additionally, the TMSD-based method is simple, safe and less time-consuming when compared to other procedures. Thus, we suggest using TMSD-based methylation as a method of choice in the GC analysis of plant-derived fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Topolewska
- Laboratory of Natural Product Analysis, Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Czarnowska
- Laboratory of Natural Product Analysis, Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Laboratory of Natural Product Analysis, Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Laboratory of Natural Product Analysis, Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been applied for the first time to the analysis of the sucrose esters from the surface of Nicotiana L. leaves. The profiles obtained for the model plant N. tabacum were similar to those from the gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. The most reproducible results were obtained using a dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix. The main advantage of this method is that crude plant extracts can be analysed without sample clean-up. GC-MS analysis of Aztec tobacco (N. rustica) extracts revealed the presence of three types of sucrose esters. All identified compounds had three C4-C8 acyl chains substituting the glucose moiety, while the fructose part of the molecule was substituted with 0, 1, or 2 acetyl groups. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the sucrose ester fraction revealed the presence of compounds not eluting from a GC column. Combining the data from both GC-MS and MALDI-TOF MS experiments, we obtained a full sucrose ester profile, which is based on the molecular weight of the compounds and on the number of acyl chains in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
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