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Gasbarri C, Angelini G. Cyclocurcumin as Promising Bioactive Natural Compound: An Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:1451. [PMID: 38611731 PMCID: PMC11013289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although identical in molecular formula and weight, curcumin and cyclocurcumin show remarkable differences in their reactivity. Both are natural compounds isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, the former is involved in the diketo/keto-enol tautomerism through the bis-α,β-unsaturated diketone unit according to the polarity of the solvent, while the latter could react by trans-cis isomerization due to the presence of the α,β-unsaturated dihydropyranone moiety. Even if curcumin is generally considered responsible of the therapeutical properties of Curcuma longa L. due to its high content, cyclocurcumin has attracted great interest over the last several decades for its individual behavior and specific features as a bioactive compound. Cyclocurcumin has a hydrophobic nature characterized by fluorescence emission, solvatochromism, and the tendency to form spherical fluorescent aggregates in aqueous solution. Molecular docking analysis reveals the potentiality of cyclocurcumin as antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor, and antiviral agent. Promising biological activities are observed especially in the treatment of degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the versatility emerging from the data reported herein, the use of cyclocurcumin seems to remain limited in clinical applications mainly because of its low solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gasbarri
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti—Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Advances in NURR1-Regulated Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416184. [PMID: 36555826 PMCID: PMC9788636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD). Glial cell activation and subsequent adaptive immune involvement are neuroinflammatory features in familial and idiopathic PD, resulting in the death of dopaminergic neuron cells. An oxidative stress response, inflammatory mediator production, and immune cell recruitment and activation are all hallmarks of this activation, leading to chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Several studies in PD patients' cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood revealed alterations in inflammatory markers and immune cell populations that may lead to or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. Most of the genes causing PD are also expressed in astrocytes and microglia, converting their neuroprotective role into a pathogenic one and contributing to disease onset and progression. Nuclear receptor-related transcription factor 1 (NURR1) regulates gene expression linked to dopaminergic neuron genesis and functional maintenance. In addition to playing a key role in developing and maintaining neurotransmitter phenotypes in dopaminergic neurons, NURR1 agonists have been shown to reverse behavioral and histological abnormalities in animal PD models. NURR1 protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-induced degeneration, specifically attenuating neuronal death by suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes in microglia and astrocytes. This narrative review highlights the inflammatory changes in PD and the advances in NURR1-regulated neuroinflammation associated with PD. Further, we present new evidence that targeting this inflammation with a variety of potential NURR1 target therapy medications can effectively slow the progression of chronic neuroinflammation-induced PD.
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The role of NURR1 in metabolic abnormalities of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35761385 PMCID: PMC9235236 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A constant metabolism and energy supply are crucial to all organs, particularly the brain. Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with alterations in cellular metabolism. These changes have been recognized as a novel hot topic that may provide new insights to help identify risk in the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, understand disease pathogenesis, track disease progression, and determine critical endpoints. Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of PD, and changes in NURR1 expression can have a detrimental effect on cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that suggests a vital role of NURR1 in dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron development and the pathogenesis of PD. The association between NURR1 and cellular metabolic abnormalities and its implications for PD therapy have been further highlighted.
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Roles of Transcription Factors in the Development and Reprogramming of the Dopaminergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020845. [PMID: 35055043 PMCID: PMC8775916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons regulate various critical processes in the mammalian nervous system, including voluntary movement and a wide range of behaviors such as mood, reward, addiction, and stress. mdDA neuronal loss is linked with one of the most prominent human movement neurological disorders, Parkinson’s disease (PD). How these cells die and regenerate are two of the most hotly debated PD research topics. As for the latter, it has been long known that a series of transcription factors (TFs) involves the development of mdDA neurons, specifying cell types and controlling developmental patterns. In vitro and in vivo, TFs regulate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, all of which are critical for dopamine synthesis and transport in dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons). In this review, we encapsulate the molecular mechanism of TFs underlying embryonic growth and maturation of mdDA neurons and update achievements on dopaminergic cell therapy dependent on knowledge of TFs in mdDA neuronal development. We believe that a deeper understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence DA neurons’ fate and development in the midbrain could lead to a better strategy for PD cell therapy.
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Moon JH, Hong JM, Park SY. The antidiabetic drug troglitazone protects against PrP (106‑126)‑induced neurotoxicity via the PPARγ‑autophagy pathway in neuronal cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:430. [PMID: 33846779 PMCID: PMC8047904 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, which involve the alteration of cellular prion protein into a misfolded isoform, disrupt the central nervous systems of humans and animals alike. Prior research has suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)γ and autophagy provide some protection against neurodegeneration. PPARs are critical to lipid metabolism regulation and autophagy is one of the main cellular mechanisms by which cell function and homeostasis is maintained. The present study examined the effect of troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on autophagy flux in a prion peptide (PrP) (106–126)-mediated neurodegeneration model. Western blot analysis confirmed that treatment with troglitazone increased LC3-II and p62 protein expression, whereas an excessive increase in autophagosomes was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Troglitazone weakened PrP (106–126)-mediated neurotoxicity via PPARγ activation and autophagy flux inhibition. A PPARγ antagonist blocked PPARγ activation as well as the neuroprotective effects induced by troglitazone treatment, indicating that PPARγ deactivation impaired troglitazone-mediated protective effects. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that troglitazone protected primary neuronal cells against PrP (106–126)-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting autophagic flux and activating PPARγ signals. These results suggested that troglitazone may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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Hepatoprotection of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide against Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes and Larval Zebrafish. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3923625. [PMID: 33680282 PMCID: PMC7906805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3923625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scavenging of oxidative stress by antioxidants may provide a therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increasing evidence is supporting the potential application of natural resourced polysaccharides as promising prevention or treatment strategies against NAFLD. In the current study, an acidic heteropolysaccharide, LFP-a1, was isolated and purified from Lycii fructus with successively hot water refluxing extraction, alcohol precipitation, protein removal, and DEAE-52 cellulose chromatographic separation. LFP-a1 was a complicated structured polysaccharide with an average MW of 4.74 × 104 Da and composed of 6 monosaccharides and 1 uronic acid. Preexposure of LFP-a1 could increase the cell viability and reverse the abnormal oxidative stress though inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway and correction of cell cycle progression against H2O2 hepatoxicity in NAFLD model L02 cells. Consistently, in vivo study in thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced NAFLD model zebrafish larvae showed LFP-a1 preserved the liver integrity and alleviated TAA-induced oxidative stress through downregulation of abnormal apoptosis. These observations indicated the hepatoprotective activity of LFP-a1, which may be applied for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD or other oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Activation of Nurr1 with Amodiaquine Protected Neuron and Alleviated Neuroinflammation after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Nurr1, a member of the nuclear receptor 4A family (NR4A), played a role in neuron protection, anti-inflammation, and antioxidative stress in multidiseases. We explored the role of Nurr1 on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) progression and investigated the feasibility of its agonist (amodiaquine, AQ) as a treatment for SAH. Methods. SAH rat models were constructed by the endovascular perforation technique. AQ was administered intraperitoneally at 2 hours after SAH induction. SAH grade, mortality, weight loss, neurological performance tests, brain water content, western blot, immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, and qPCR were assessed post-SAH. In vitro, hemin was introduced into HT22 cells to develop a model of SAH. Results. Stimulation of Nurr1 with AQ improved the outcomes and attenuated brain edema. Nurr1 was mainly expressed in neuron, and administration of AQ alleviated neuron injury in vivo and enhanced the neuron viability and inhibited neuron apoptosis and necrosis in vitro. Besides, AQ reduced the amount of IL-1β+Iba-1+ cells and inhibited the mRNA level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and the M1-like phenotype markers (CD68 and CD86). AQ inhibited the expression of MMP9 in HT22 cells. Furthermore, AQ reduced the expression of nuclear NF-κB and Nurr1 while increased cytoplasmic Nurr1 in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion. Pharmacological activation of Nurr1 with AQ alleviated the neuron injury and neuroinflammation. The mechanism of antineuroinflammation may be associated with the Nurr1/NF-κB/MMP9 pathway in the neuron. The data supported that AQ might be a promising treatment strategy for SAH.
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An acidic heteropolysaccharide from Lycii fructus: Purification, characterization, neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116894. [PMID: 32933702 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of neurites network constitutes a neurotrophic and therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence is supporting the potential application of natural polysaccharides in prevention or treatment of PD. In this study, an acidic heteropolysaccharide LFP-1 was isolated from Lycii fructus, and purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Structural features of LFP-1 were analyzed with molecular weight (MW) distribution, monosaccharide composition, methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. LFP-1 was a complicated structured polysaccharide with an average MW of 1.78 × 104 Da and composed of highly branched arabinogalactans, homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan moieties. LFP-1 promoted neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth in vitro in PC12 cell models. Furthermore, LFP-1 had a significantly protective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity in PD model PC12 cells. These observations unambiguously indicated the neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities of LFP-1, which may be developed for prevention or treatment of neurodegeneration in PD.
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Oh M, Kim SY, Gil JE, Byun JS, Cha DW, Ku B, Lee W, Kim WK, Oh KJ, Lee EW, Bae KH, Lee SC, Han BS. Nurr1 performs its anti-inflammatory function by regulating RasGRP1 expression in neuro-inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10755. [PMID: 32612143 PMCID: PMC7329810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurr1, a transcription factor belonging to the orphan nuclear receptor, has an essential role in the generation and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons and is important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’ disease (PD). In addition, Nurr1 has a non-neuronal function, and it is especially well known that Nurr1 has an anti-inflammatory function in the Parkinson’s disease model. However, the molecular mechanisms of Nurr1 have not been elucidated. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism of Nurr1 function. To provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Nurr1 in the inflammatory response, we performed Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) on LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells and finally identified the RasGRP1 gene as a novel target of Nurr1. Here, we show that Nurr1 directly binds to the RasGRP1 intron to regulate its expression. Moreover, we also identified that RasGRP1 regulates the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade in LPS-induced inflammation signaling. Finally, we conclude that RasGRP1 is a novel regulator of Nurr1’s mediated inflammation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihee Oh
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Gil
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Byun
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Cha
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won-Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST) of Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Baghi M, Rostamian Delavar M, Yadegari E, Peymani M, Pozo D, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M, Ghaedi K. Modified level of miR-376a is associated with Parkinson's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2622-2634. [PMID: 31930701 PMCID: PMC7028860 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Impaired mitochondrial function is a major feature of sporadic PD. Some susceptibility or causative genes detected in PD are strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction including PGC1α, TFAM and GSK3β. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs whose altered levels are proven in disparate PD models and human brains. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect modulations of miRs upstream of PGC1α, TFAM and GSK3β in association with PD onset and progress. In this study, a total of 33 PD subjects and 25 healthy volunteers were recruited. Candidate miRNA (miR‐376a) was selected through target prediction tools and literature survey. Chronic and acute in vitro PD models were created by MPP+‐intoxicated SHSY5Y cells. The levels of miR‐376a and aforementioned genes were assessed by RT‐qPCR. The expression of target genes was decreased in chronic model while there were dramatically up‐regulated levels of those genes in acute model of PD. miR‐376a was strongly altered in both acute and chronic PD models as well as PBMCs of PD patients. Our results also showed overexpression of PGC1α, and TFAM in PBMCs is inversely correlated with down‐regulation of miR‐376a, suggesting that miR‐376a possibly has an impact on PD pathogenesis through regulation of these genes which are involved in mitochondrial function. miR‐376a expression in PD‐derived PBMCs was also correlated with disease severity and may serve as a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis. This is the first study showing altered levels of miR‐376a in PD models and PBMCs, suggesting the probable role of this miRNA in PD pathogenesis. The present study also proposed TFAM and PGC1α as target genes of miR‐376a for the first time, through which it possibly can exert its impact on PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Baghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Yadegari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - David Pozo
- CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
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Minocycline Protects against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity Correlating with Upregulation of Nurr1 in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6843265. [PMID: 30949504 PMCID: PMC6425343 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6843265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of minocycline in rats with rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). The open field test was performed to determine the motor ability of the rats. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nurr1 in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats. The relative protein levels of TH, Nurr1, and the total- and phosphorylated-cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) were determined by western blot analysis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by commercial kits. After exposure to rotenone for 28 days, rats exhibited decreased ambulation and rearing frequency and prolonged immobility time with loss of TH positive neurons in the SN. The phosphorylation levels of CREB and Nurr1 expression decreased significantly accompanied with the release of ROS and NO. Minocycline alleviated the motor deficits of rats lesioned by rotenone and elevated the expression of TH, as well as suppressing the release of ROS and NO in the SN. That was in line with the elevated phosphorylation levels of CREB and Nurr1 expression. In conclusion, our present study showed minocycline protected against neurotoxicity in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD, which was correlated with upregulation of Nurr1.
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Talepoor Ardakani M, Rostamian Delavar M, Baghi M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Kiani-Esfahani A, Ghaedi K. Upregulation of miR-200a and miR-204 in MPP + -treated differentiated PC12 cells as a model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e548. [PMID: 30712312 PMCID: PMC6418372 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is ranked as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Micro(mi)RNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and aberrant expression of them is closely correlated with many neurodegenerative conditions including PD. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) as a known deacetylase and B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL2) as an antiapoptotic factor play vital roles in neural protection and survival. Methods Differentiated PC12 cells exposed to MPP+ were served here as a known PD model. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. Apoptotic cells and ROS levels were detected using flow cytometry. Gene selection and miRNA–mRNA interaction analysis were performed through in silico methods. Relative expression of miRNAs and genes was examined by RT‐qPCR. Results MPP+ exposure markedly reduced cell viability, enhanced oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. Sirt1 and BCL2were shown to be markedly declined in response to MPP+, while miR‐200a and miR‐204 were significantly upregulated. Conclusion The first novel finding of the current study is altered expression of miR‐200a and miR‐204 in differentiated PC12 cells in response to MPP+, suggesting that deregulation of them participate in MPP+ neurotoxicity mechanisms, possibly via affecting the expression of Sirt1 and BCL2 as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Baghi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Differential expression of miR-34a, miR-141, and miR-9 in MPP+-treated differentiated PC12 cells as a model of Parkinson's disease. Gene 2018; 662:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Kiani-Esfahani A. Succinate dehydrogenase: Prospect for neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2017; 42:77-83. [PMID: 29225013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Onset of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases as neurodegenerative disorders is increased by age. Alleviation of clinical symptoms and protection of neurons against degeneration are the main aspects of researches to establish new therapeutic strategies. Many studies have shown that mitochondria play crucial roles in high energy demand tissues like brain. Impairments in mitochondrial activity and physiology can makes neurons vulnerable to stress and degeneration. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) connects tricarboxylic cycle to the electron transport chain. Therefore, dysfunction of the SDH could impair mitochondrial activity, ATP generation and energy hemostasis in the cell. Exceed lipid synthesis, induction of the excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders could be controlled by SDH through direct and indirect mechanism. In addition, mutation in SDH correlates with the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, SDH could behave as a key regulator in neuroprotection. This review will present recent findings which are about SDH activity and related pathways which could play important roles in neuronal survival. Additionally, we will discuss about all possibilities which candidate SDH as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 816513-1378, Iran
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Inhibitory effects of curcumin and cyclocurcumin in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +) induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16977. [PMID: 29209088 PMCID: PMC5717177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) involve multiple pathways. Thus, effective therapeutic treatments should intervene to address all these pathways simultaneously for greater success. Most of the current pharmacotherapeutic approaches just supplement striatal dopamine. Hence, natural extracts of plants with therapeutic potential have been explored. Curcuminoids belong to one such group of polyphenol which show immense therapeutic effects. Here, we have used intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) of cellular autofluorescent co-enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to study the inhibitory effects of curcumin and cyclocurcumin in alleviating PD like neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in neuronal growth factor (NGF) induced differentiated PC12 cells. Our results showed that both cyclocurcumin and curcumin reduced the level of ROS caused by MPP+ treatment. Moreover, a significant increase in the free, protein-bound, and average NADH fluorescence lifetimes along with a decrease in the relative contribution of free- vs. protein-bound NADH components in curcuminoids treated cells (pretreated with MPP+) were observed compared with those treated with MPP+ only. This study, which indicates that cyclocurcumin offers higher neuronal protection than curcumin, may initiate further studies of these compounds in the cure of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hosseinzadeh L, Monaghash H, Ahmadi F, Ghiasvand N, Shokoohinia Y. Bioassay-guided Isolation of Neuroprotective Fatty Acids from Nigella sativa against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Neurotoxicity. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:627-633. [PMID: 29200724 PMCID: PMC5701402 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_470_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease, a slowly progressive neurological disease, is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The main aspects of researches are the protection of normal neurons against degeneration. Fatty acids (FAs), the key structural elements of dietary lipids, are carboxylic straight chains and notable parameters in nutritional and industrial usefulness of a plant. Materials and Methods Black cumin, a popular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant food seasoning, contains nonpolar constituents such as FAs which were extracted using hexane. Different fractions and subfractions were apt to cytoprotection against apoptosis and inflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) as a neural cell death model. The experiment consisted of examination of cell viability assessment, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 and -9 activity, and measurement of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. Results MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with subfractions containing FA mixtures attenuated MPP+-mediated apoptosis partially dependent on the inhibition of caspase-3 and -9 activity and increasing the MMP. A mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid also decreased the COX activity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cells. Conclusion Our observation indicated that subtoxic concentration of FA from Nigella sativa may exert cytoprotective effects through their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation actions and could be regarded as a dietary supplement. SUMMARY MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cellsNigella sativa contains bioactive fatty acidsPretreatment with fatty acids attenuated MPP+ mediated apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 3 and 9 activityA mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid decreased the COX activity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cellsDue to cytoprotective, anti apoptotic and anti inflammation actions of N. sativa, it could be regarded as a dietary supplement. Abbreviations used: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; Ca: Calcium; CDCl3: Chloroform; COX: Cyclooxygenase; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EA: Elidic acid; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ESI-MS: Electron spray mass spectroscopy; FAs: Fatty acids; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; GC: Gas chromatography; 1HNMR: Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance; LA: Linoleic acid; MPP+: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; N. sativa: Nigella sativa; OA: Oleic acid; PA: Palmitic acid; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PC12: Rat pheochromocytoma cell line; PD: Parkinson's disease; PDA: Photo diode array detector; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; TMPD: N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; USA: United states of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hoda Monaghash
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghiasvand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shi X, Li W, Liu H, Yin D, Zhao J. The ROS/NF-κB/NR4A2 pathway is involved in H 2O 2 induced apoptosis of resident cardiac stem cells via autophagy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77634-77648. [PMID: 29100414 PMCID: PMC5652805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs)-based therapy provides a promising avenue for the management of ischemic heart diseases. However, engrafted CSCs are subjected to acute cell apoptosis in the ischemic microenvironment. Here, stem cell antigen 1 positive (Sca-1+) CSCs proved to own therapy potential were cultured and treated with H2O2 to mimic the ischemia situation. As autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3MA), inhibited H2O2-induced CSCs apoptosis, thus we demonstrated that H2O2 induced autophagy-dependent apoptosis in CSCs, and continued to find key proteins responsible for the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 2 (NR4A2), increased upon cardiomyocyte injury with unknown functions in CSCs, was increased by H2O2. NR4A2 siRNA attenuated H2O2 induced autophagy and apoptosis in CSCs, which suggested an important role of NR4A2 in CSCs survival in ischemia conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB (P65) subunit were both increased by H2O2. Either the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or NF-κB signaling inhibitor, bay11-7082 could attenuate H2O2-induced autophagy and apoptosis in CSCs, which suggested they were involved in this process. Furthermore, NAC inhibited NF-κB activities, while bay11-7082 inhibited NR4A2 expression, which revealed a ROS/NF-κB/NR4A2 pathway responsible for H2O2-induced autophagy and apoptosis in CSCs. Our study supports a new clue enhancing the survival rate of CSCs in the infarcted myocardium for cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Deling Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Liu H, Liu H, Li T, Cui J, Fu Y, Ren J, Sun X, Jiang P, Yu S, Li C. NR4A2 genetic variation and Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:25-32. [PMID: 28385514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The homo sapiens nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A (NR4A2) genetic variation has been implicated as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the results are inconclusive. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the impact of NR4A2 variation on the risk of PD. METHODS All eligible case-control studies published up to June 2016 by searching Pubmed, OVID, EBSCO, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Knowledge, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and China Academic Journals Database were identified. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to access the strength of the association in fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS Eighteen studies reported 24 genetic variants with a total of 6150 cases and 5919 controls were included. Twelve studies for NR4A2 rs35479735 polymorphism and 4 studies for rs12803 were available for meta-analysis. A significant association was observed for rs35479735 under the homozygous model (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.56, P=0.003), whereas no significant association for rs12803 was detected. In subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, age onset and familial history, we found no significant association except one in sporadic PD subgroup under the recessive (OR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.23-8.84, P=0.02) and homozygous model (OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.26-9.33, P=0.02) for rs35479735. CONCLUSION The study comprehensively evaluated the association of NR4A2 variation with PD, and the results failed to demonstrate that the NR4A2 polymorphisms significantly associated with PD except for rs35479735, suggesting that more studies are needed to elucidate if NR4A2 is a risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Loudi Center Hospital, Loudi City 417000, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Jiayi Cui
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Sargent College), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Juanjuan Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiujia Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Nurr1 overexpression exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory roles via down-regulating CCL2 expression in both in vivo and in vitro Parkinson's disease models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1312-1319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Does any drug to treat cancer target mTOR and iron hemostasis in neurodegenerative disorders? Biometals 2016; 30:1-16. [PMID: 27853903 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are increased by age. Alleviation of their symptoms and protection of normal neurons against degeneration are the main aspects of the research to establish novel therapeutic strategies. Iron as the one of most important cation not only play important role in the structure of electron transport chain proteins but also has pivotal duties in cellular activities. But disruption in iron hemostasis can make it toxin to neurons which causes lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and etc. In patients with Alzheimer and Parkinson misbalancing in iron homeostasis accelerate neurodegeneration and cause neuroinflmmation. mTOR as the common signaling pathway between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders controls iron uptake and it is in active form in both diseases. Anti-cancer drugs which target mTOR causes iron deficiency and dual effects of mTOR inhibitors can candidate them as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate neurodegeneration/inflammation because of iron overloading.
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