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Pattanayak P, Nikhitha S, Halder D, Ghosh B, Chatterjee T. Exploring the impact of trifluoromethyl (-CF 3) functional group on the anti-cancer activity of isoxazole-based molecules: design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18856-18870. [PMID: 38873543 PMCID: PMC11167338 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02856b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of fully-substituted 4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles and evaluation of their anti-cancer activities against MCF-7, 4T1 and PC-3 cell lines as a proof of concept study. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)isoxazole is a synthetically challenging class of molecules and very few synthetic methods have been developed so far and all of them suffered from several serious limitations. Recently we developed a novel, metal-free, and general synthetic strategy to access synthetically challenging 4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles starting from readily available chalcones using cheap CF3SO2Na as the source of the -CF3 group and multitasking t BuONO as an oxidant as well as the source of N and O and thus we have overcome the limitations of the previous methods. Based on the structure of an isoxazole-based anti-cancer agent, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)isoxazole 14, we designed a set of 4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles for synthesis and further anti-cancer evaluation. Among various molecules, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole 2g (IC50 = 2.63 μM) and 3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-(4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole 5 (IC50 = 3.09 μM) exhibited the best anti-cancer activity against the human breast cancer cell-lines (MCF-7), 2g being the lead molecule among all. Interestingly, 2g is found to be almost 8 times more active compared to its non-trifluoromethylated analogue, i.e., 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)isoxazole 14 (IC50 = 19.72 μM) which revealed the importance of a 'CF3' moiety in enhancing the anti-cancer activity of 14. Further studies such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle analysis, and nuclear staining revealed an apoptotic cell death mechanism. The in silico molecular docking, induced fit analysis, and ADME studies further supported the effect of a -CF3 moiety on the enhancement of anti-cancer activity of isoxazole-based anti-cancer molecules. Further exploration of the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of lead 2gin vivo holds significant promise, positioning it as a potential candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Sripathi Nikhitha
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Debojyoti Halder
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad 500078 Telangana India
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Verma SK, Rangappa S, Verma R, Xue F, Verma S, Sharath Kumar KS, Rangappa KS. Sulfur (S Ⅵ)-containing heterocyclic hybrids as antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107241. [PMID: 38437761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of new small molecule-based inhibitors is an attractive field in medicinal chemistry. Structurally diversified heterocyclic derivatives have been investigated to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections and they offers several mechanism of action. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming more and more deadly to humans because of its simple method of transmission, quick development of antibiotic resistance, and ability to cause hard-to-treat skin and filmy diseases. The sulfur (SVI) particularly sulfonyl and sulfonamide based heterocyclic moieties, have found to be good anti-MRSA agents. The development of new nontoxic, economical and highly active sulfur (SVI) containing derivatives has become hot research topics in drug discovery research. Presently, more than 150 FDA approved Sulfur (SVI)-based drugs are available in the market, and they are widely used to treat various types of diseases with different therapeutic potential. The present collective data provides the latest advancements in Sulfur (SVI)-hybrid compounds as antibacterial agents against MRSA. It also examines the outcomes of in-vitro and in-vivo investigations, exploring potential mechanisms of action and offering alternative perspectives on the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Sulfur (SVI)-hybrids exhibits synergistic effects with existing drugs to provide antibacterial action against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar 571448, India
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Fan Xue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, PR China
| | - Shekhar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Zhao X, Verma R, Sridhara MB, Sharath Kumar KS. Fluorinated azoles as effective weapons in fight against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106975. [PMID: 37992426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases are making MRSA a threat to human life. The most dangerous feature is the fast emergence of MRSA resistance to all recognized antibiotics, including vancomycin. The creation of novel, effective, and non-toxic drug candidates to combat MRSA isolates is urgently required. Fluorine containing small molecules have taken a centre stage in the field of drug development. Over the last 50 years, there have been a growing number of fluorinated compounds that have been approved since the clinical usage of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950 s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980 s. Due to its advantages in terms of potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been regarded as a potent and useful tool in the rational drug design method. The flexible bioactive fluorinated azoles are ideal candidates for the development of new antibiotics. This review summarizes the decade developments of fluorinated azole derivatives with a wide antibacterial activity against diverged MRSA strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally varied fluorinated azole analogues including thiazole, benzimidazole, oxadiazole and pyrazole against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhao
- Energy Engineering College, Yulin University, Yulin City-719000, P. R. China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - M B Sridhara
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Vidyasangama, Belagavi 591156, India
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Sadwal S, Bharati S, Dar ZA, Kaur S. Chemopreventive potential of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract against DMBA induced breast carcinogenesis: In-silico and in-vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117124. [PMID: 37678421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Murraya koenigii (MK), a member of the Rutaceae family and widely known as the curry-leaf tree, is indigenous to India, Sri Lanka, and other south Asian nations. It is a renowned medicinal herb because of the wide range of bioactive components found in its leaves, such as girinimbine, koenimbine, mahanimbine and mahanine among others. All these bioactive components make this plant beneficial for treating a variety of ailments and diseases. Biological and pharmacological activities of MK include anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trichomonal, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats, which further paves the way for future breast cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the preparation of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE), Murraya koenigii (MK) leaves were taken from the botanical garden of the Panjab University campus, Chandigarh, and authenticated from the Department of Botany, Panjab University (accession number 22417). The phytochemical characterization of HEMKLE was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Following this, an in-silico molecular docking analysis was performed using Maestro Schrodinger software, and an in-vivo study was conducted. For the in-vivo study, female SD rats were divided into four different groups. Group I (C), Group II (DMBA), Group III (HEMKLE), and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA). Histopathogy, oxidative and antioxidant status, immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor-α, TUNEL assays, mRNA and protein expression of apoptotic pathway genes were conducted in in-vivo study. RESULTS In LC-MS, major phytochemical constituents including flavonoids and carbazole alkaloids were identified. In-silico docking study revealed the strong binding affinity between the identified compounds with caspase-3. Additionally, koenine displayed the highest binding affinity/minimum energy of -9.21 kcal/mol with 6BDV as compared to other phytochemicals. Furthermore, in-vivo experimentation revealed that HEMKLE administration in Group IV(HEMKLE + DMBA) significantly inhibits the tumor incidence and volume as compared to alone DMBA treated group. The antioxidant action of HEMKLE was proven from the in-vivo analysis of antioxidant marker enzymes, histopathology, immunohistochemistry of ER-α studies. Further, increase number of TUNEL positive cells was observed in co-treated animals as compared to alone DMBA treated animals. In Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA), upregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic gene were observed when compared to Group II(DMBA) suggested the apoptotic effect of HEMKLE. CONCLUSION The results of the present study provide clear evidence of the chemopreventive capabilities of HEMKLE in rats with DMBA-induced breast cancer. The observed outcomes could potentially be attributed to the existence of diverse phytochemicals within the HEMKLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sadwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sanjay Bharati
- Manipal College of Health Profession, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Zahid Ahmad Dar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Le Pors MS, Santa Maria de la Parra L, Riafrecha LE, Vullo D, León IE, Supuran CT, Colinas PA. Glycosyl Isoxazoles for Targeting of Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells: Highly Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Showing Cytotoxic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S. Le Pors
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Lucía Santa Maria de la Parra
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Blvd. 120N 1465 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Leonardo E. Riafrecha
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Ignacio E. León
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Blvd. 120N 1465 1900 La Plata Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) Italy
| | - Pedro A. Colinas
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
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Pattanayak P, Chatterjee T. Synthesis of (4-Trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles through a Tandem Trifluoromethyloximation/Cyclization/Elimination Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5420-5430. [PMID: 36913616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a metal-free, cascade regio- and stereoselective trifluormethyloximation, cyclization, and elimination strategy with readily available α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to access a wide variety of pharmaceutically potential heteroaromatics, i.e., 4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles including a trifluoromethyl analogue of an anticancer agent. The transformation requires only a couple of commercially available and cheap reagents i.e., CF3SO2Na as the trifluoromethyl source, and tBuONO as an oxidant as well as a source of N and O. Notably, 5-alkenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles were further synthetically diversified to a new class of biheteroaryls, i.e., 5-(3-pyrrolyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazoles. Mechanistic studies revealed a radical pathway for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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Verma SK, Verma R, Girish YR, Verma S, Pramoda K, Vaishnav Y, Saji J, Kumar KSS. Two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXenes as a catalyst support for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles via azide-nitroalkene oxidative cycloaddition. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Chowdary B N, Preetham HD, Verma SK, Hamse VK, Umashankara M, Raj. S N, Pramoda K, Kumar KSS, Selvi G. A short hydrophobic peptide conjugated 3,5- disubstituted pyrazoles as antibacterial agents with DNA gyrase inhibition. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Design, synthesis, evaluation of new 3-acetylisoxazolines and their hybrid analogous as anticancer agents: In vitro and in silico analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 98:107666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivative induces apoptosis and G2/M arrest by targeting GRP94 in colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Preetham HD, Umashankara M, Kumar KSS, Rangappa S, Rangappa KS. Pyrrolidine-based cationic γ-peptide: a DNA-binding molecule works as a potent anti-gene agent. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Le Pors MS, Barri IA, Riafrecha LE, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Colinas PA. Green Biphasic Synthesis, X‐Ray Diffraction Structure and Conformational Analysis of
O
‐Glycosylmethyl Isoxazoles: Potential Substrates of GLUT‐1 Glucose Transporter. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S. Le Pors
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA) CONICET Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Ivan A. Barri
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA) CONICET Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Leonardo E. Riafrecha
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA) CONICET Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Echeverría
- Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT−La Plata) C. C. 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- Departamento de Física Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT−La Plata) C. C. 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Pedro A. Colinas
- CEDECOR (UNLP-CICBA) CONICET Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata Argentina
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Preetham HD, Muddegowda U, Sharath Kumar KS, Rangappa S, Rangappa KS. Identification of β-aminopyrrolidine containing peptides as β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3386. [PMID: 34981876 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a series of events initiated by the production and aggregation of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ). In the early stages of the disease, Aβ is released in a soluble form then progressively forms oligomeric, multimeric, and fibrillar aggregates, triggering neurodegeneration. Thus, development of inhibitors that initiate reverse Aβ aggregation is thought to be a logical approach in treating AD. In this context, we developed β-aminopyrrolidine containing 12 mer peptide 3 which is very potent in inhibiting the Aβ aggregation and also reducing Aβ(42)-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umashankara Muddegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, India
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Zha GF, Preetham HD, Rangappa S, Sharath Kumar KS, Girish YR, Rakesh KP, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rangappa KS. Benzimidazole analogues as efficient arsenals in war against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105175. [PMID: 34298242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule based inhibitors development is a growing field in medicinal chemistry. In recent years, different heterocyclic derivatives have been designed to counter the infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. Indeed, small molecule inhibitors can be employed as an efficient antibacterial agents with different mechanism of action. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming lethal to mankind due to easy transmission mode, rapid resistance development to existing antibiotics and affect difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases. Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds which have capability to fight against MRSA. High biocompatibility of benzimidazoles, synergistic behaviour with antibiotics and their tunable physico-chemical properties attracted the researchers to develop new benzimidazole based antibacterial agents. The present review focus on recent developments of benzimidazole-hybrid molecules as anti MRSA agents and the results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies with possible mechanism of action and discussing structure-activity relationship (SAR) in different directions. Benzimdazoles act as DNA binding agents, enzyme inhibitors, anti-biofilm agents and showed synergistic effect with available antibiotics to achieve antibacterial activity against MRSA. This cumulative figures would help to design new benzimidazole-based MRSA growth inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Zha
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhan 518107, China.
| | - Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India
| | | | - Yarabahally R Girish
- Centre for Research and Innovations, School of Natural Sciences, BGSIT, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, Mandya, 571448, India
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Verma SK, Verma R, Kumar KSS, Banjare L, Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Rakesh KP, Rangappa KS. A key review on oxadiazole analogs as potential methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity: Structure-activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113442. [PMID: 33878562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming dangerous to human beings due to easy transmission mode and leading to the difficult-to-treat situation. The rapid resistance development of MRSA to many approved antibiotics is of major concern. There is a lot of scope to develop novel, efficient, specific, and nontoxic drug candidates to fight against MRSA isolates. The interesting molecular structure and adaptable feature of oxadiazole moiety which are bioisosteres of esters and amides, and these functional groups show improved resistance to esterases mediated hydrolytic cleavage, attracting researchers to develop required novel antibiotics based on oxadiazole core. This review summarizes the developments of oxadiazole-containing derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant MRSA strains and discussing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in various directions. The current survey is the highlight of the present scenario of oxadiazole hybrids on MRSA studies, covering articles published from 2011 to 2020. This collective information may become a good platform to plan and develop new oxadiazole-based small molecule growth inhibitors of MRSA with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | | | - Laxmi Banjare
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Koni, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman Uniersity, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kadalipura P Rakesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
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Rajeev N, Sharath Kumar KS, Bommegowda YK, Rangappa KS, Sadashiva MP. Catalyst free sequential one‐pot reaction for the synthesis of 3‐indole propanoates/propanoic acid/propanamides as antituberculosis agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Zia M, Hameed S, Ahmad I, Tabassum N, Yousuf S. Regio-isomeric isoxazole sulfonates: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical studies and DNA binding activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Zia M, Hameed S, Ahmad I, Tabassum N, Yousaf S. Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and DNA binding studies of regio-isomeric sulfonyl esters of substituted isoxazoles. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hurley SK, Cutrone NM, Fath KR, Pajovich HT, Garcia J, Smith AM, Banerjee IA. Self-assembled phenylisoxazole-peptide hybrid assemblies and their interactions with breast and ovarian tumor cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl R. Fath
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Garcia
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Zhu J, Mo J, Lin HZ, Chen Y, Sun HP. The recent progress of isoxazole in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3065-3075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A trisubstituted pyrazole derivative reduces DMBA-induced mammary tumor growth in rats by inhibiting estrogen receptor-α expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:137-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Díaz-Argelich N, Encío I, Plano D, Fernandes AP, Palop JA, Sanmartín C. Novel Methylselenoesters as Antiproliferative Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:E1288. [PMID: 28767087 PMCID: PMC6152192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) compounds are potential therapeutic agents in cancer. Importantly, the biological effects of Se compounds are exerted by their metabolites, with methylselenol (CH₃SeH) being one of the key executors. In this study, we developed a new series of methylselenoesters with different scaffolds aiming to modulate the release of CH₃SeH. The fifteen compounds follow Lipinski's Rule of Five and with exception of compounds 1 and 14, present better drug-likeness values than the positive control methylseleninic acid. The compounds were evaluated to determine their radical scavenging activity. Compound 11 reduced both DPPH and ABTS radicals. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in a panel of five cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and lung carcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia) and two non-malignant (lung and mammary epithelial) cell lines. Ten compounds had GI50 values below 10 μM at 72 h in four cancer cell lines. Compounds 5 and 15 were chosen for further characterization of their mechanism of action in the mammary adenocarcinoma cell line due to their similarity with methylseleninic acid. Both compounds induced G₂/M arrest whereas cell death was partially executed by caspases. The reduction and metabolism were also investigated, and both compounds were shown to be substrates for redox active enzyme thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Díaz-Argelich
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Avda. Barañain s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Khan MKA, Akhtar S, Arif JM. Development of In Silico Protocols to Predict Structural Insights into the Metabolic Activation Pathways of Xenobiotics. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:329-345. [PMID: 28527150 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish in silico model to predict the structural insight into the metabolic bioactivation pathway of xenobiotics, we considered two specific and one non-specific mammary procarcinogen [e.g., dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and benzo[a]pyrene (BP)]. The CYP1A1, 1B1, 2C9, 1A2 and 2B6 reported in wet-lab studies to actively metabolize DBP also showed strong binding energies (kcal/mol) of -11.50, -10.67, -10.37, -9.76 and -9.72, respectively, with inhibition constants ranging between 0.01 and 0.08 µM. The CYP3A4 depicted minimum binding energy (-9.51 kcal/mol) which is in agreement with the wet-lab reports. Further, relatively better affinity of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 with the dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-11,12-diol (DBPD) might be indicative of their involvement in carcinogenicity of parent compound. Like DBP, BP (-10.13 kcal/mol, Ki: 0.04 µM) and BP-diols (BPD) (-9.01 kcal/mol, Ki: 0.25 µM) observed plausible binding with CYP1A1 supporting to the reported data that emphasize the major contribution of CYP1A1 in the activation of similar procarcinogens and mutagens. Likewise, in silico results further highlighted the CYP1A1 as key player in bioactivation of DMBA to its carcinogenic metabolites. In case of PhIP metabolism, strong binding interaction predicted with CYP1A1 (-9.63 kcal/mol) rather than CYP1A2 (-8.84 kcal/mol). Dissimilarity in the binding affinity of PhIP might be due to its basic scaffold. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of 10 ns has been revealed that docked complexes of CYP1A1 with DBP, DMBA and BP are comparatively more stable than the complex of PhIP. Moreover, the current findings might be valuable as reference model in prediction and elucidation of the approximate metabolic pathway of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kalim A Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Salman Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Jamal M Arif
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Integral University, Kursi Road, P.O. Box Basha, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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Ananda H, Sharath Kumar KS, Nishana M, Hegde M, Srivastava M, Byregowda R, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC, Rangappa KS. Regioselective synthesis and biological studies of novel 1-aryl-3, 5-bis (het) aryl pyrazole derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:149-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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