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Aboukhater D, Morad B, Nasrallah N, Nasser SA, Sahebkar A, Kobeissy F, Boudaka A, Eid AH. Inflammation and hypertension: Underlying mechanisms and emerging understandings. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1148-1159. [PMID: 37039489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of global death. One of the major insults that drive increased blood pressure is inflammation. While it is the body's defensive response against some homeostatic imbalances, inflammation, when dysregulated, can be very deleterious. In this review, we highlight and discuss the causative relationship between inflammation and hypertension. We critically discuss how the interplay between inflammation and reactive oxygen species evokes endothelial damage and dysfunction, ultimately leading to narrowing and stiffness of blood vessels. This, along with phenotypic switching of the vascular smooth muscle cells and the abnormal increase in extracellular matrix deposition further exacerbates arterial stiffness and noncompliance. We also discuss how hyperhomocysteinemia and microRNA act as links between inflammation and hypertension. The premises we discuss suggest that the blue-sky scenarios for targeting the underlying mechanisms of hypertension necessitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aboukhater
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Morad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Nasrallah
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ammar Boudaka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Duan J, Liu X, Shen S, Tan X, Wang Y, Wang L, Kang L, Wang K, Wei Z, Qi Y, Hu L, Xu B, Gu R. Trophoblast Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin via Improving Mfn2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:23-31. [PMID: 36609664 PMCID: PMC9859904 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anticancer drug widely used in tumor chemotherapy, but it has the side-effect of cardiotoxicity, which is closely related to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial dynamics is a quality control mechanism that usually helps to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. Trophoblast stem cell-derived exosomes (TSC-Exos) have been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. To explore whether the cardioprotective role is mediated by the regulation of mitochondrial dynamic mechanism, TSC-Exos were isolated from human trophoblast stem cells by ultracentrifugation and characterized by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular experiments of H9c2 cardiomyocytes co-cultured with Dox and TSC-Exos were performed in vitro to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis level. An animal model of heart failure was established by intraperitoneal injection of Dox in vivo, therapy mice were received additional intracardiac injection of TSC-Exos, then, the cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial fragmentation were ameliorated. Histology assays suggest that Dox caused an increased tendency of mitochondrial fission, which was manifested by a decrease in the average size of mitochondria. By receiving TSC-Exos treatment, this effect was eliminated. In summary, these results suggest that TSC-Exos alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through antiapoptotic effect and improving mitochondrial fusion with an increase in Mfn2 expression. This study is the first to provide a potential new treatment scheme for the treatment of heart failure from the perspective of the relationship between TSC-Exos and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Song Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lina Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhonghai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Tyagi SC, Pushpakumar S, Sen U, Mokshagundam SPL, Kalra DK, Saad MA, Singh M. COVID-19 Mimics Pulmonary Dysfunction in Muscular Dystrophy as a Post-Acute Syndrome in Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010287. [PMID: 36613731 PMCID: PMC9820572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progressive wasting and weakness of respiratory muscles are the prominent hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and long-COVID (also referred as the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 syndrome); however, the underlying mechanism(s) leading to respiratory failure in both conditions remain unclear. We put together the latest relevant literature to further understand the plausible mechanism(s) behind diaphragm malfunctioning in COVID-19 and DMD conditions. Previously, we have shown the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in skeletal muscle fibrosis via a substantial increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) employing a DMD mouse model that was crossed-bred with MMP9-knockout (MMP9-KO or MMP9-/-) strain. Interestingly, recent observations from clinical studies show a robust increase in neopterin (NPT) levels during COVID-19 which is often observed in patients having DMD. What seems to be common in both (DMD and COVID-19) is the involvement of neopterin (NPT). We know that NPT is generated by activated white blood cells (WBCs) especially the M1 macrophages in response to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and tetrahydrofolate (FH4) pathways, i.e., folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) in conjunction with epigenetics underpinning as an immune surveillance protection. Studies from our laboratory, and others researching DMD and the genetically engineered humanized (hACE2) mice that were administered with the spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 revealed an increase in the levels of NPT, TNF-α, HDAC, IL-1β, CD147, and MMP9 in the lung tissue of the animals that were subsequently accompanied by fibrosis of the diaphragm depicting a decreased oscillation phenotype. Therefore, it is of interest to understand how regulatory processes such as epigenetics involvement affect DNMT, HDAC, MTHFS, and iNOS that help generate NPT in the long-COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash L. Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Kalra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Saad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Impact of CD14 on Reactive Oxygen Species Production from Human Leukocytes Primed by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6043245. [PMID: 30944694 PMCID: PMC6421816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6043245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria prime human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) via multicomponent receptor cluster including CD14 and MD-2·TLR4 for the enhanced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were triggered by bacterial derived peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In this study, we investigated the impact of CD14 on LPS-induced priming of human PMNs for fMLP-triggered ROS generation (respiratory or oxidative) burst. Monoclonal antibodies against human CD14 (mAbs) as well as isotype-matched IgG2a did not influence significantly fMLP-triggered ROS production from LPS-unprimed PMNs. Anti-CD14 mAbs (clone UCHM-1) attenuated LPS-induced priming of PMNs as it had been mirrored by fMLP-triggered decrease of ROS production. Similar priming activity of S-LPS or Re-LPS from Escherichia coli for fMLP-triggered ROS release from PMNs was found. Obtained results suggest that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored CD14 is the key player in LPS-induced PMN priming for fMLP-triggered ROS production. We believe that blockade of CD14 on the cell surface and clinical use of anti-CD14 mAbs or their Fab fragments may diminish the production of ROS and improve outcomes during cardiovascular diseases manifested by LPS-induced inflammation.
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Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Majumder A, Laha A, Sandhu HS, Tyagi SC. Expression Analysis of the Circular RNA Molecules in the Human Retinal Cells Treated with Homocysteine. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:287-293. [PMID: 30369271 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1542005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the global profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and their differential expression levels in homocysteine (Hcy)-treated ARPE-19 cells, a line of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated ARPE-19 cells with and without Hcy to investigate the influence of Hcy on circRNA expression levels using dedicated human circRNA microarrays. RESULTS A total of 12,233 circRNAs were identified out of them 54 were differentially expressed (17 were down-regulated, and 37 were up-regulated) with a fold change >2.0 (p < 0.05) in Hcy-treated versus untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report profiling circRNAs in human RPE cells post-Hcy treatment mimicking hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy) conditions that negatively affect retinal biology and vision. These findings are of potential clinical significance as they will help understand Hcy metabolism and HHcy-mediated diseases and identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for eye diseases that are caused by elevated Hcy concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- a Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.,b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Akash K George
- a Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.,b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Rubens Petit Homme
- a Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.,b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Avisek Majumder
- b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Anwesha Laha
- b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Harpal S Sandhu
- c Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.,d Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- b Department of Physiology , University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
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