1
|
Attia RT, Ewida MA, Khaled E, Fahmy SA, Fawzy IM. Newly Synthesized Anticancer Purine Derivatives Inhibiting p-EIF4E Using Surface-Modified Lipid Nanovesicles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37864-37881. [PMID: 37867723 PMCID: PMC10586017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Translation of mRNA is one of the processes adopted by cancer cells to maintain survival via phosphorylated (p)-eIF4E overexpression. Once p-eIF4E binds to the cap structure of mRNA, it advocates a nonstop translation process. In this regard, 15 new-based GMP analogs were synthesized to target eIF4E and restrain its binding to cap mRNA. The compounds were tested against three types of cancer cell lines: Caco-2, HepG-2, MCF-7, and normal kidney cells (Vero cells). Most of the compounds showed high potency against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), characterized by the highest cancer type for overexpression of p-eIF4E. Compound 4b was found to be the most active against three cell lines, colon (Caco-2), hepatic (HepG-2), and breast (MCF-7), with positive IC50 values of 31.40, 27.15, and 21.71 μM, respectively. Then, chitosan-coated niosomes loaded with compound 4b (Cs/4b-NSs) were developed (as kinetically enhanced molecules) to improve the anticancer effects further. The prepared Cs/4b-NSs showed pronounced cytotoxicity compared to the free 4b against Caco2, Hepg2, and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 16.15, 26.66, and 6.90 μM, respectively. Then, the expression of both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated western blot techniques was conducted on MCF-7 cells treated with the most active compounds (based on the obtained IC50 values) to determine the total protein expression of both eIF4E and p-eIF4e. Interestingly, the selected most active compounds displayed 35.8-40.7% inhibition of p-eIF4E expression when evaluated on MCF-7 compared to Ribavirin (positive control). CS/4b-NSs showed the best inhibition (40.7%). The findings of the present joint in silico molecular docking, simulation dynamic studies, and experimental investigation suggest the potential use of niosomal nanovesicles as a promising nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of the newly synthesized compound 4b to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. These outcomes support the possible use of Cs/4b-NSs in targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem T. Attia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Menna A. Ewida
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eman Khaled
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry
Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Iten M. Fawzy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernandez A, Monsen PJ, Platanias LC, Schiltz GE. Medicinal chemistry approaches to target the MNK-eIF4E axis in cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1060-1087. [PMID: 37360400 PMCID: PMC10285747 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant translation of proteins that promote cell proliferation is an essential factor that defines oncogenic processes and cancer. The process for ribosomal translation of proteins from mRNA requires an essential initiation step which is controlled by the protein eIF4E, which binds the RNA 5'-cap and forms the eIF4F complex that subsequently translates protein. Typically, eIF4E is activated by phosphorylation on Ser209 by MNK1 and MNK2 kinases. Substantial work has shown that eIF4E and MNK1/2 are dysregulated in many cancers and this axis has therefore become an active area of interest for developing new cancer therapeutics. This review summarizes and discusses recent work to develop small molecules that target different steps in the MNK-eIF4E axis as potential cancer therapeutics. The aim of this review is to cover the breadth of different molecular approaches being taken and the medicinal chemistry basis for their optimization and testing as new cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Paige J Monsen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Majeed ST, Majeed R, Malik AA, Andrabi KI. MTORC2 is a physiological hydrophobic motif kinase of S6 Kinase 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119449. [PMID: 36858209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), a major downstream effector molecule of mTORC1, regulates cell growth and proliferation by modulating protein translation and ribosome biogenesis. We have recently identified eIF4E as an intermediate in transducing signals from mTORC1 to S6K1 and further demonstrated that the role of mTORC1 is restricted to inducing eIF4E phosphorylation and interaction with S6K1. This interaction relieves S6K1 auto-inhibition and facilitates its hydrophobic motif (HM) phosphorylation and activation as a consequence. These observations underscore a possible involvement of mTORC1 independent kinase in mediating HM phosphorylation. Here, we report mTORC2 as an in-vivo/physiological HM kinase of S6K1. We show that rapamycin-resistant S6K1 truncation mutant ∆NH∆CT continues to display HM phosphorylation with selective sensitivity toward Torin-1. We also show that HM phosphorylation of wildtype S6K1and ∆NH∆CT depends on the presence of mTORC2 regulatory subunit-rictor. Furthermore, truncation mutagenesis and molecular docking analysis reveal the involvement of a conserved 19 amino acid stretch of S6K1 in mediating interaction with rictor. We finally show that deletion of the 19 amino acid region from wildtype S6K1 results in loss of interaction with rictor, with a resultant loss of HM phosphorylation regardless of the presence of functional TOS motif. Our data demonstrate that mTORC2 acts as a physiological HM kinase that can activate S6K1 after its auto-inhibition is overcome by mTORC1. We, therefore, propose a novel mechanism for S6K1 regulation where mTOR complexes 1 and 2 act in tandem to activate the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Aijaz A Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Computational Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jain PK, Jayappa S, Sairam T, Mittal A, Paul S, Rao VJ, Chittora H, Kashyap DK, Palakodeti D, Thangaraj K, Shenthar J, Koranchery R, Rajendran R, Alireza H, Mohanan KS, Rathinavel A, Dhandapany PS. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 gene variants cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Med Genet 2022; 59:984-992. [PMID: 34916228 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart muscle disease with preserved or increased ejection fraction in the absence of secondary causes. Mutations in the sarcomeric protein-encoding genes predominantly cause HCM. However, relatively little is known about the genetic impact of signalling proteins on HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, using exome and targeted sequencing methods, we analysed two independent cohorts comprising 401 Indian patients with HCM and 3521 Indian controls. We identified novel variants in ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1 or S6K1) gene in two unrelated Indian families as a potential candidate gene for HCM. The two unrelated HCM families had the same heterozygous missense S6K1 variant (p.G47W). In a replication association study, we identified two S6K1 heterozygotes variants (p.Q49K and p.Y62H) in the UK Biobank cardiomyopathy cohort (n=190) compared with matched controls (n=16 479). These variants are neither detected in region-specific controls nor in the human population genome data. Additionally, we observed an S6K1 variant (p.P445S) in an Arab patient with HCM. Functional consequences were evaluated using representative S6K1 mutated proteins compared with wild type in cellular models. The mutated proteins activated the S6K1 and hyperphosphorylated the rpS6 and ERK1/2 signalling cascades, suggesting a gain-of-function effect. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that the variants in the S6K1 gene are associated with HCM, and early detection of the S6K1 variant carriers can help to identify family members at risk and subsequent preventive measures. Further screening in patients with HCM with different ethnic populations will establish the specificity and frequency of S6K1 gene variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratul Kumar Jain
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashank Jayappa
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thiagarajan Sairam
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupam Mittal
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Current address: Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay J Rao
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshil Chittora
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak K Kashyap
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Integrative Chemical Biology Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayaprakash Shenthar
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Koranchery
- Department of Cardiology, Government Medical College Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- Department of Cardiology, Government Medical College Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Haghighi Alireza
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andiappan Rathinavel
- Department of Cardio Vascular Thoracic Surgery, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Government Sivagangai Medical College and Hospital, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Theme, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular, and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
mTOR substrate phosphorylation in growth control. Cell 2022; 185:1814-1836. [PMID: 35580586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and metabolism. It is activated by nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy. TOR forms two structurally and functionally distinct complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. TOR signaling activates cell growth, defined as an increase in biomass, by stimulating anabolic metabolism while inhibiting catabolic processes. With emphasis on mammalian TOR (mTOR), we comprehensively reviewed the literature and identified all reported direct substrates. In the context of recent structural information, we discuss how mTORC1 and mTORC2, despite having a common catalytic subunit, phosphorylate distinct substrates. We conclude that the two complexes recruit different substrates to phosphorylate a common, minimal motif.
Collapse
|
6
|
Metz JB, Hornstein NJ, Sharma SD, Worley J, Gonzalez C, Sims PA. High-throughput translational profiling with riboPLATE-seq. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5718. [PMID: 35383235 PMCID: PMC8983706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is dysregulated in many diseases, but we lack a systems-level picture of how signaling molecules and RNA binding proteins interact with the translational machinery, largely due to technological limitations. Here we present riboPLATE-seq, a scalable method for generating paired libraries of ribosome-associated and total mRNA. As an extension of the PLATE-seq protocol, riboPLATE-seq utilizes barcoded primers for pooled library preparation, but additionally leverages anti-rRNA ribosome immunoprecipitation on whole polysomes to measure ribosome association (RA). We compare RA to its analogue in ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing, translation efficiency, and demonstrate both the performance of riboPLATE-seq and its utility in detecting translational alterations induced by specific inhibitors of protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Metz
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hornstein
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sohani Das Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christian Gonzalez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chithelen J, Franke H, Länder N, Grafen A, Schneider-Schaulies J. The Sphingolipid Inhibitors Ceranib-2 and SKI-II Reduce Measles Virus Replication in Primary Human Lymphocytes: Effects on mTORC1 Downstream Signaling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856143. [PMID: 35370781 PMCID: PMC8968423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are involved in the regulation of cell homeostasis and activity ranging from apoptosis to proliferation. We recently described that the two compounds ceranib-2 (inhibiting acid ceramidase) and SKI-II [inhibiting the sphingosine kinases 1 and − 2 (SphK1/2)] reduce mTORC1 activity and measles virus (MV) replication in human primary peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by about one log step. We now further investigated whether mTORC1 downstream signaling and viral protein expression may be affected by ceranib-2 and/or SKI-II. Western blot analyses showed that in uninfected cells the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was reduced by both inhibitors. Interestingly, MV infection led to an increase of rpS6 protein levels and phosphorylation of eIF4E. Treatment with both inhibitors reduced the rpS6 protein expression, and in addition, SKI-II reduced rpS6 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of eIF4E was slightly reduced by both inhibitors. In addition, SKI-II led to reduced levels of IKK in MV-infected cells. Both inhibitors reduced the expression of viral proteins and the titers of newly synthesized MV by approximately one log step. As expected, SKI-II and rapamycin reduced also the virally encoded GFP expression; however, ceranib-2 astonishingly led to increased levels of GFP fluorescence. Our findings suggest that the inhibitors ceranib-2 and SKI-II act via differential mechanisms on MV replication. The observed effects on mTORC1 downstream signaling, predominantly the reduction of rpS6 levels by both inhibitors, may affect the translational capacity of the cells and contribute to the antiviral effect in human primary PBL.
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Y, Liang C, Manthari RK, Yu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao J. Distribution characteristics and regulation of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues of sheep grown in natural grazing environment. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13769. [PMID: 36127314 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The composition of amino acid and fatty acid has a vital function on meat quality and animal health. However, the underlying mechanism of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in sheep during different grazing periods is still unclear. In this study, a total of 12 sheep were employed in different grazing periods. Our results showed that the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues was significantly altered between dry grass (DG) period and green grass (GG) period. Changes in the activities of the metabolism-related enzymes including BCKD, BCAT2, ACC, SCD, HSL, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, and FABP4 were observed in muscle and adipose during different grazing periods. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of ACC, FAS, SCD, HSL, LPL, and DGAT1 in muscle and adipose tissue were changed markedly in different grazing periods. Furthermore, the expression levels of mTOR and β-catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα pathway-related proteins were predominantly altered in muscle and adipose among DG and GG. Taken together, all investigations simplified the process of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism disorders caused by different grazing periods, and the mTOR and β-catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα play the essential role in this process, which provided an underlying mechanism of metabolism and meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Antiproliferative effect of bacterial cyclodipeptides in the HeLa line of human cervical cancer reveals multiple protein kinase targeting, including mTORC1/C2 complex inhibition in a TSC1/2-dependent manner. Apoptosis 2021; 25:632-647. [PMID: 32617785 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cervix adenocarcinoma rendered by human papillomavirus (HPV) integration is an aggressive cancer that occurs by dysregulation of multiple pathways, including oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which cross-talks with the Ras-ERK pathway, has been associated with cervical cancers (CC), which includes signaling pathways related to carcinoma aggressiveness, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Since bacterial cyclodipeptides (CDPs) possess cytotoxic properties in HeLa cells with inhibiting Akt/S6k phosphorylation, the mechanism of CDPs cytotoxicity involved was deepened. Results showed that the antiproliferative effect of CDPs occurred by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, inhibiting the mTORC1/mTORC2 complexes in a TSC1/TSC2-dependent manner. In addition, the CDPs blocked protein kinases from multiple signaling pathways involved in survival, proliferation, invasiveness, apoptosis, autophagy, and energy metabolism, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2, PI3K/JNK/PKA, p27Kip1/CDK1/survivin, MAPK, HIF-1, Wnt/β-catenin, HSP27, EMT, CSCs, and receptors, such as EGF/ErbB2/HGF/Met. Thus, the antiproliferative effect of the CDPs made it possible to identify the crosstalk of the signaling pathways involved in HeLa cell malignancy and to suggest that bacterial CDPs may be considered as a potential anti-neoplastic drug in human cervical adenocarcinoma therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Majeed ST, Batool A, Majeed R, Bhat NN, Zargar MA, Andrabi KI. mTORC1 induces eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E interaction with TOS-S6 kinase 1 and its activation. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:839-854. [PMID: 33938392 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1901038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E was recently shown to be a substrate of mTORC1, suggesting it may be a mediator of mTORC1 signaling. Here, we present evidence that eIF4E phosphorylated at S209 interacts with TOS motif of S6 Kinase1 (S6K1). We also show that this interaction is sufficient to overcome rapamycin sensitivity and mTORC1 dependence of S6K1. Furthermore, we show that eIF4E-TOS interaction relieves S6K1 from auto-inhibition due to carboxy terminal domain (CTD) and primes it for hydrophobic motif (HM) phosphorylation and activation in mTORC1 independent manner. We conclude that the role of mTORC1 is restricted to engaging eIF4E with S6K1-TOS motif to influence its state of HM phosphorylation and inducing its activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Asiya Batool
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.,Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nadiem Nazir Bhat
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinto DO, DeMarino C, Vo TT, Cowen M, Kim Y, Pleet ML, Barclay RA, Noren Hooten N, Evans MK, Heredia A, Batrakova EV, Iordanskiy S, Kashanchi F. Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Induces Selective Killing of HIV-1-Infected Cells with Reversal of Cytokine Induction Using mTOR Inhibitors. Viruses 2020; 12:E885. [PMID: 32823598 PMCID: PMC7472203 DOI: 10.3390/v12080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects 39.5 million people worldwide, and cART is effective in preventing viral spread by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral loads to undetectable levels. However, viral reservoirs persist by mechanisms, including the inhibition of autophagy by HIV-1 proteins (i.e., Nef and Tat). HIV-1 reservoirs can be targeted by the "shock and kill" strategy, which utilizes latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate latent proviruses and immunotarget the virus-producing cells. Yet, limitations include reduced LRA permeability across anatomical barriers and immune hyper-activation. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces effective viral activation across anatomical barriers. Like other LRAs, IR may cause inflammation and modulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We and others have shown that cells may secrete cytokines and viral proteins in EVs and, therefore, LRAs may contribute to inflammatory EVs. In the present study, we mitigated the effects of IR-induced inflammatory EVs (i.e., TNF-α), through the use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi; Rapamycin and INK128). Further, mTORi were found to enhance the selective killing of HIV-1-infected myeloid and T-cell reservoirs at the exclusion of uninfected cells, potentially via inhibition of viral transcription/translation and induction of autophagy. Collectively, the proposed regimen using cART, IR, and mTORi presents a novel approach allowing for the targeting of viral reservoirs, prevention of immune hyper-activation, and selectively killing latently infected HIV-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Thy T. Vo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Michelle L. Pleet
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Robert A. Barclay
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.N.H.); (M.K.E.)
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.N.H.); (M.K.E.)
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (D.O.P.); (C.D.); (T.T.V.); (M.C.); (Y.K.); (M.L.P.); (R.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Batool A, Majeed ST, Aashaq S, Majeed R, Andrabi KI. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E phosphorylation acts a switch for its binding to 4E-BP1 and mRNA cap assembly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:489-495. [PMID: 32336547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Translational regulation has invited considerable interest consequent of its circumstantial dysregulation during cancer genesis. eIF4E (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E) has been identified as an important factor involved in tumor progression by way of instrumenting the convergence of oncogenic signals for up-regulation of Cap-dependent translation. In the backdrop of dramatic eIF4E over-expression in a large population of human cancers, we suggest that the tumorigenic property of eIF4E is strictly attributed to its phosphorylation state. We provide evidence that while phosphorylated eIF4E fails to be sequestered by 4E-BP1, its dephosphorylated form shows overwhelming binding with 4E-BP1 without any consideration to the state of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation to suggest that eIF4E-4EBP1 binding is governed by eIF4E phosphorylation instead of 4E-BP1. We also show that eIF4E engages in Cap-assembly formation preferably in a phosphorylation-dependent manner to suggest that eIF4E phosphorylation rather than 4E-BP1 regulates its availability for Cap-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Khurshid Iqbal Andrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
| |
Collapse
|