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Liu C, Han X, Zhang S, Huang M, Guo B, Zhao Z, Yang S, Jin J, Pu W, Yu H. The role of NCAPH in cancer treatment. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111262. [PMID: 38901722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Many solid tumors frequently overexpress Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H (NCAPH), and new studies suggest that NCAPH may be a target gene for clinical cancer therapy. Numerous investigations have shown that a variety of transcription factors, including as MYBL2, FOXP3, GATA3, and OTC1, can stimulate the transcription of NCAPH. Additionally, NCAPH stimulates many oncogenic signaling pathways, such as β-Catenin/PD-L1, PI3K/AKT/SGK3, MEK/ERK, AURKB/AKT/mTOR, PI3K/PDK1/AKT, and Chk1/Chk2. Tumor immune microenvironment modification and tumor growth, apoptosis, metastasis, stemness, and treatment resistance all depend on these signals. NCAPH has the ability to form complexes with other proteins that are involved in glycolysis, DNA damage repair, and chromatin remodeling. This review indicates that NCAPH expression in most malignant tumors is associated with poor prognosis and low recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Manru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun Jin
- International Education College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Miranda A, Cucchiarini A, Esnault C, Andrau JC, Oliveira PA, Mergny JL, Cruz C. G-quadruplex forming motifs in the promoter region of the B-MYB proto-oncogene. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132244. [PMID: 38729459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To combat cancer, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms and behaviors involved in carcinogenesis is crucial, as tumorigenesis is a complex process influenced by various genetic events and disease hallmarks. The B-MYB gene encodes a transcription factor involved in cell cycle regulation, survival, and differentiation in normal cells. B-MYB can be transformed into an oncogene through mutations, and abnormal expression of B-MYB has been identified in various cancers, including lung cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis. Targeting this oncogene is a promising approach for anti-cancer drug design. B-MYB has been deemed undruggable in previous reports, necessitating the search for novel therapeutic options. In this study, we found that the B-MYB gene promoter contains several G/C rich motifs compatible with G-quadruplex (G4) formation. We investigated and validated the existence of G4 structures in the promoter region of B-MYB, first in vitro using a combination of bioinformatics, biophysical, and biochemical methods, then in cell with the recently developed G4access method.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Miranda
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Anne Cucchiarini
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cyril Esnault
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS-UMR, 5535 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS-UMR, 5535 Montpellier, France
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Anand S, Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Sharma A, Acharya S, Khan MA, Singh S, Singh AP. From modulation of cellular plasticity to potentiation of therapeutic resistance: new and emerging roles of MYB transcription factors in human malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:409-421. [PMID: 37950087 PMCID: PMC11015973 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are encoded by a large family of highly conserved genes from plants to vertebrates. There are three members of the MYB gene family in human, namely, MYB, MYBL1, and MYBL2 that encode MYB/c-MYB, MYBL1/A-MYB, and MYBL2/B-MYB, respectively. MYB was the first member to be identified as a cellular homolog of the v-myb oncogene carried by the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) causing leukemia in chickens. Under the normal scenario, MYB is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic tissues, colonic crypts, and neural stem cells and plays a role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of the cells. Over the years, aberrant expression of MYB genes has been reported in several malignancies and recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding of their roles in processes associated with cancer development. Here, we review various MYB alterations reported in cancer along with the roles of MYB family proteins in tumor cell plasticity, therapy resistance, and other hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss studies that provide mechanistic insights into the oncogenic functions of MYB transcription factors to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Anand
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Amod Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Srijan Acharya
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA.
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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Mendiburu‐Eliçabe M, García‐Sancha N, Corchado‐Cobos R, Martínez‐López A, Chang H, Hua Mao J, Blanco‐Gómez A, García‐Casas A, Castellanos‐Martín A, Salvador N, Jiménez‐Navas A, Pérez‐Baena MJ, Sánchez‐Martín MA, Abad‐Hernández MDM, Carmen SD, Claros‐Ampuero J, Cruz‐Hernández JJ, Rodríguez‐Sánchez CA, García‐Cenador MB, García‐Criado FJ, Vicente RS, Castillo‐Lluva S, Pérez‐Losada J. NCAPH drives breast cancer progression and identifies a gene signature that predicts luminal a tumour recurrence. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1554. [PMID: 38344872 PMCID: PMC10859882 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminal A tumours generally have a favourable prognosis but possess the highest 10-year recurrence risk among breast cancers. Additionally, a quarter of the recurrence cases occur within 5 years post-diagnosis. Identifying such patients is crucial as long-term relapsers could benefit from extended hormone therapy, while early relapsers might require more aggressive treatment. METHODS We conducted a study to explore non-structural chromosome maintenance condensin I complex subunit H's (NCAPH) role in luminal A breast cancer pathogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, aiming to identify an intratumoural gene expression signature, with a focus on elevated NCAPH levels, as a potential marker for unfavourable progression. Our analysis included transgenic mouse models overexpressing NCAPH and a genetically diverse mouse cohort generated by backcrossing. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) multivariate regression analysis was performed on transcripts associated with elevated intratumoural NCAPH levels. RESULTS We found that NCAPH contributes to adverse luminal A breast cancer progression. The intratumoural gene expression signature associated with elevated NCAPH levels emerged as a potential risk identifier. Transgenic mice overexpressing NCAPH developed breast tumours with extended latency, and in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-NCAPHErbB2 double-transgenic mice, luminal tumours showed increased aggressiveness. High intratumoural Ncaph levels correlated with worse breast cancer outcome and subpar chemotherapy response. A 10-gene risk score, termed Gene Signature for Luminal A 10 (GSLA10), was derived from the LASSO analysis, correlating with adverse luminal A breast cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS The GSLA10 signature outperformed the Oncotype DX signature in discerning tumours with unfavourable outcomes, previously categorised as luminal A by Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) across three independent human cohorts. This new signature holds promise for identifying luminal A tumour patients with adverse prognosis, aiding in the development of personalised treatment strategies to significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Enokido T, Horie M, Yoshino S, Suzuki HI, Matsuki R, Brunnström H, Micke P, Nagase T, Saito A, Miyashita N. Distinct microRNA Signature and Suppression of ZFP36L1 Define ASCL1-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:29-40. [PMID: 37801008 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1 (ASCL1) is a master transcription factor involved in neuroendocrine differentiation. ASCL1 is expressed in approximately 10% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and exerts tumor-promoting effects. Here, we explored miRNA profiles in ASCL1-positive LUADs and identified several miRNAs closely associated with ASCL1 expression, including miR-375, miR-95-3p/miR-95-5p, miR-124-3p, and members of the miR-17∼92 family. Similar to small cell lung cancer, Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1), a representative miR-375 target gene, was suppressed in ASCL1-positive LUADs. ASCL1 knockdown followed by miRNA profiling in a cell culture model further revealed that ASCL1 positively regulates miR-124-3p and members of the miR-17∼92 family. Integrative transcriptomic analyses identified ZFP36 ring finger protein like 1 (ZFP36L1) as a target gene of miR-124-3p, and IHC studies demonstrated that ASCL1-positive LUADs are associated with low ZFP36L1 protein levels. Cell culture studies showed that ectopic ZFP36L1 expression inhibits cell proliferation, survival, and cell-cycle progression. Moreover, ZFP36L1 negatively regulated several genes including E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1). In conclusion, our study revealed that suppression of ZFP36L1 via ASCL1-regulated miR-124-3p could modulate gene expression, providing evidence that ASCL1-mediated regulation of miRNAs shapes molecular features of ASCL1-positive LUADs. IMPLICATIONS Our study revealed unique miRNA profiles of ASCL1-positive LUADs and identified ASCL1-regulated miRNAs with functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Enokido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Yoshino
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Lund University, Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pathology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Martínez-López A, Chang H, Mao JH, Blanco-Gómez A, García-Casas A, Castellanos-Martín A, Salvador N, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Sánchez-Martín MA, Abad-Hernández MDM, Del Carmen S, Claros-Ampuero J, Cruz-Hernández JJ, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, García-Cenador MB, García-Criado FJ, Vicente RS, Castillo-Lluva S, Pérez-Losada J. NCAPH Drives Breast Cancer Progression and Identifies a Gene Signature that Predicts Luminal A Tumor Recurrence. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3231230. [PMID: 37886490 PMCID: PMC10602143 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3231230/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite their generally favorable prognosis, luminal A tumors paradoxically pose the highest ten-year recurrence risk among breast cancers. From those that relapse, a quarter of them do it within five years after diagnosis. Identifying such patients is crucial, as long-term relapsers could benefit from extended hormone therapy, whereas early relapsers may require aggressive treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that NCAPH plays a role in the pathogenesis of luminal A breast cancer, contributing to its adverse progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we reveal that a signature of intratumoral gene expression, associated with elevated levels of NCAPH, serves as a potential marker to identify patients facing unfavorable progression of luminal A breast cancer. Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing NCAPH generated breast tumors with long latency, and in MMTV-NCAPH/ErbB2+ double-transgenic mice, the luminal tumors formed were more aggressive. In addition, high intratumoral levels of Ncaph were associated with worse breast cancer evolution and poor response to chemotherapy in a cohort of genetically heterogeneous transgenic mice generated by backcrossing. In this cohort of mice, we identified a series of transcripts associated with elevated intratumoral levels of NCAPH, which were linked to adverse progression of breast cancer in both mice and humans. Utilizing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) multivariate regression analysis on this series of transcripts, we derived a ten-gene risk score. This score is defined by a gene signature (termed Gene Signature for Luminal A 10 or GSLA10) that correlates with unfavorable progression of luminal A breast cancer. The GSLA10 signature surpassed the Oncotype DX signature in discerning tumors with unfavorable outcomes (previously categorized as Luminal A by PAM50) across three independent human cohorts. This GSLA10 signature aids in identifying patients with Luminal A tumors displaying adverse prognosis, who could potentially benefit from personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angélica Martínez-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adrián Blanco-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana García-Casas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos-Martín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nélida Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Adolfo Sánchez-Martín
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Transgénesis, Plataforma Nucleus, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Abad-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juncal Claros-Ampuero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Augusto Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Begoña García-Cenador
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García-Criado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Wei Y, Yang C, Wei J, Li W, Qin Y, Liu G. Identification and verification of microtubule associated genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16134. [PMID: 37752167 PMCID: PMC10522656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Associated with high morbidity and mortality, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is lacking in effective prognostic prediction and treatment. As chemotherapy drugs commonly used in clinics, microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are limited by high toxicity and drug resistance. This research aimed to analyze the expression profile of microtubule-associated genes (MAGs) in LUAD and explore their therapy efficiency and impact on prognosis. Key MAGs were identified as novel molecular targets for targeting microtubules. The LUAD project in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to identify differently expressed MAGs. On the one hand, a microtubule-related prognostic signature was constructed and validated, and its links with clinical characteristics and the immune microenvironment were analyzed. On the other hand, hub MAGs were obtained by a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Following the expression of hub MAGs, patients with LUAD were classified into two molecular subtypes. A comparison was made of the differences in half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration (IC50) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) between groups. In addition, the influence of MAGs on the anticancer efficacy of different therapies was explored. MAGs, which were included in both the prognosis signature and hub genes, were considered to have great value in prognosis and targeted therapy. They were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 154 differently expressed MAGs were discovered. For one thing, a microtubule-related prognostic signature based on 14 MAGs was created and identified in an external validation cohort. The prognostic signature was used as an independent prognostic factor. For another, 45 hub MAGs were obtained. In accordance with the expression profile of 45 MAGs, patients with LUAD were divided into two subtypes. Distinct differences were observed in TMB and IC50 values of popular chemotherapy and targeted drugs between subtypes. Finally, five genes were included in both the prognosis signature and hub genes, and identified by qRT-PCR. A microtubule-related prognosis signature that can serve as an independent prognostic factor was constructed. Microtubule subtype influenced the efficacy of different treatments and could be used to guide therapy selection. In this research, five key MAGs, including MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A), KIF15 and KIF20A, were verified and identified. They are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHui Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - CaiZhen Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - JinMei Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - WenTao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - YuanWen Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - GuangNan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Chen B, Shen K, Zhang T, Gao WC. ELOVL6 is associated with immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35013. [PMID: 37682172 PMCID: PMC10489423 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to reveal the correlation between the expression of ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) gene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its clinical significance, immune cell infiltration level and prognosis. Expression profile data of ELOVL6 mRNA were collected from the cancer genome atlas database to analyze the differences in ELOVL6 mRNA expression in LUAD tissues and normal lung tissues, and to analyze the correlation between ELOVL6 and information on clinicopathological features. Based on TIMER database, TISDIB database and GEPIA2 database, the correlation between ELOVL6 expression and tumor immune cell infiltration in LUAD was analyzed. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses of ELOVL6-related co-expressed genes were performed to identify the involved signaling pathways and to construct their co-expressed gene protein interaction networks. Drugs affected by ELOVL6 expression were screened based on the Cell Miner database. These findings suggest that ELOVL6 plays an important role in the course of LUAD, and the expression level of this gene has a close relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis, and has the potential to become a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cang Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Facilitates Cell Progression through the miR-30e-5P/MYBL2 Pathway in Glioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:7418365. [PMID: 36776924 PMCID: PMC9908336 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7418365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism of glioma from MYB family genes from the perspective of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Methods First, the MYB family genes were analyzed by multiple bioinformatics analyses to identify one gene most associated with glioma. Then, the prognostic value and clinical characteristics of the gene were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis and experiments in glioma cells. Next, the target miRNA and circRNA were predicted and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Besides, the functions of target circRNA in glioma were investigated by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. At last, the relation between the screened MYB gene, miRNA, and circRNA in glioma was identified by rescue experiments. Results After expression and Cox and survival analysis of six MYB family genes, MYBL2 was identified as the gene most associated with glioma. Then, we found that MYBL2 expression in primary gliomas was higher than those in other histologies, and it had variable expression according to clinical features. Furthermore, MYBL2 knockdown in glioma cells impairs cell growth, invasion, and migration in functional studies. Then, miR-30e-5p and circFAT1(e2) were identified as targets of MYBL2 by bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification. Finally, the relationship between circFAT1(e2), MYBL2, and miR-30e-5p was elucidated by rescue experiments. Conclusion circFAT1(e2) could promote glioma development by regulating MYBL2 and miR-30e-5p, and MYBL2 has diagnostic and prognostic values in glioma.
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10
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Chen Z, Ruan W, Guo C, Chen K, Li L, Tian J, Hu Z, Peng D, Zeng X. Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H participates in anti-programmed cell death-1 resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Cell Prolif 2023:e13400. [PMID: 36642844 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) is reported to play an important role and be a poor prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of NCAPH in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unknown. The roles of NCAPH on ccRCC growth were detected in vitro and in vivo assays. The regulatory mechanism of NCAPH was explored by immunoprecipitation assay, ubiquitination assay, ChIP assay, RIP assay, luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. The role of NCAPH in immunoregulation also was explored by flow cytometry, T cell-mediated tumour cell killing assay and immune-competent mouse model. In this research, we displayed that NCAPH was upregulated in ccRCC and patients with elevated NCAPH expression had an undesirable prognosis. Functionally, NCAPH depletion restrained ccRCC growth in vitro and in vivo. The elevated NCAPH was attributed to FOXP3-mediated transcription, FUS-mediated transcription splicing and METTL3-mediated m6A modification. Moreover, YTHDC1 promoted NCAPH mRNA nuclear export, and IGF2BP3 enhanced NCAPH mRNA stability in an m6A-dependent manner. NCAPH increased PD-L1 expression by inhibiting the degradation of β-catenin in ccRCC cells, which further facilitated aerobic glycolysis and immune tolerance of ccRCC. Collectively, our findings display the vital function of NCAPH in ccRCC and uncover that NCAPH may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target to reverse the immune tolerance of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiqiang Ruan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhao Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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11
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Kleine L, Rojas A. Lung Cancer Gene Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors Related to the Hallmarks of Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:434-464. [PMID: 36661515 PMCID: PMC9857713 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic analysis of microarray and RNA-Seq datasets followed our own bioinformatic pipeline to identify a transcriptional regulatory network of lung cancer. Twenty-six transcription factors are dysregulated and co-expressed in most of the lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension datasets, which makes them the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors. Co-expression, gene regulatory, coregulatory, and transcriptional regulatory networks, along with fibration symmetries, were constructed to identify common connection patterns, alignments, main regulators, and target genes in order to analyze transcription factor complex formation, as well as its synchronized co-expression patterns in every type of lung cancer. The regulatory function of the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors over lung cancer deregulated genes was validated with ChEA3 enrichment analysis. A Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis linked the dysregulation of the top transcription factors with lung cancer patients' survival. Our results indicate that lung cancer has unique and common deregulated genes and transcription factors with pulmonary arterial hypertension, co-expressed and regulated in a coordinated and cooperative manner by the transcriptional regulatory network that might be associated with critical biological processes and signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, making them potentially relevant tumor biomarkers for lung cancer early diagnosis and targets for the development of personalized therapies against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Andrea Otálora-Otálora
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Liliana López-Kleine
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
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12
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Characterizing and Targeting Genes Regulated by Transcription Factor MYBL2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204979. [PMID: 36291764 PMCID: PMC9599349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of MYBL2 is associated with poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients, but the molecular mechanism by which it regulates transcription and carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we performed ChIP-seq using an MYBL2-targeted antibody and discovered that MYBL2 primarily binds to the promoters of highly expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Using a knockdown experiment of MYBL2 and global transcriptome profiling, we identified that over a thousand genes are dysregulated by MYBL2, and MYBL2 acts as a transcriptional activator in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, we revealed that the binding sites of FOXM1 are largely shared with MYBL2 binding sites, and genes involved in cell cycle phase transitions are regulated by these transcription factors. We furthermore investigated the effect of a previously reported FOXM1 inhibitor, FDI-6, in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We demonstrated that FDI-6 decreases the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits the activities of FOXM1 as well as MYBL2. Moreover, we found that genes involved in cell death and cell cycle are inhibited by FDI-6. Overall, our findings suggest that MYBL2 and FOXM1 activate cell cycle genes together, acting as oncogenic transcription factors in lung adenocarcinoma cells, and they are potential treatment targets for the disease.
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13
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MYBL2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer through transactivation of CDCA3. Oncogene 2022; 41:4606-4617. [PMID: 36071275 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) is critical in regulating gene expression and tumorigenesis. However, the biological function of MYBL2 in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains to be elucidated. Here, we first revealed that MYBL2 was elevated in BLCA tissues and significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters and cancer-specific survival in BLCA patients. Phenotypic assays showed that MYBL2 deficiency suppressed the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas MYBL2 overexpression contributed to the opposite phenotype. Mechanistically, MYBL2 could bind to the promoter of its downstream target gene cell division cycle-associated protein 3 (CDCA3) and transactivate it, which in turn promoted the malignant phenotype of BLCA cells. Further investigations revealed that MYBL2 interacted with forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) to co-regulate the transcription of CDCA3. In addition, MYBL2/FOXM1 and CDCA3 might activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby promoting the malignant phenotype of BLCA cells. In conclusion, the current study identifies MYBL2 as an oncogene in BLCA. MYBL2 can accelerate the proliferation and metastasis of BLCA through the transactivation of CDCA3.
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14
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Liu J, Feng Y, Zeng X, He M, Gong Y, Liu Y. LncRNA VPS9D1-AS1 Promotes Malignant Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting miRNA-30a-5p/KIF11 Axis. Front Genet 2022; 12:807628. [PMID: 35140744 PMCID: PMC8819668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.807628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This research probed into the molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) VPS9D1 Antisense RNA 1 (VPS9D1-AS1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: lncRNA expression level was evaluated bioinformatically, and its downstream miRNA/mRNA regulatory axis was predicted by bioinformatics methods as well. qRT-PCR was used to measure VPS9D1-AS1, miRNA-30a-5p, and kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) expression. Western blot was performed to measure KIF11 protein expression. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells were all observed by cell biological function experiments. Dual-luciferase assay detected binding between miRNA-30a-5p and VPS9D1-AS1 or KIF11, respectively. RIP experiment detected interaction between VPS9D1-AS1 and miRNA-30a-5p. Results: VPS9D1-AS1 and KIF11 were increased in LUAD, whereas miRNA-30a-5p was decreased. VPS9D1-AS1 promoted the malignant progression of LUAD cells and could sponge miRNA-30a-5p. MiRNA-30a-5p could restore the impact of VPS9D1-AS1 on LUAD cells. KIF11 was a target downstream of miRNA-30a-5p. VPS9D1-AS1 could upregulate KIF11 expression through competitively sponging miRNA-30a-5p, and KIF11 could restore the impact of miRNA-30a-5p on LUAD cells. Conclusion: VPS9D1-AS1 could foster malignant progression of LUAD via regulating miRNA-30a-5p/KIF11 axis, suggesting that VPS9D1-AS1 is key to regulating the malignant progression of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhua Feng
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Liu,
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15
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Demircan T, Yavuz M, Akgül S. m 6A Pathway Regulators Are Frequently Mutated in Breast Invasive Carcinoma and May Play an Important Role in Disease Pathogenesis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:660-678. [PMID: 34520276 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast invasive carcinoma (BIC) is one of the most commonly observed and the deadliest cancer among women. Studies examining the role of epigenetics and regulation of gene expression stand to make important strides in clinical management of BIC. In this context, messenger-RNA (mRNA) modification by regulatory proteins is noteworthy. Methylation of the adenosine base on the sixth nitrogen position is termed as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and this is the most abundant mRNA modification in mammals. Using several publicly available datasets, we report, in this study, comprehensive analyses and new findings on the impact of epitranscriptome regulatory factors and genetic alterations in m6A pathway genes on BIC. Accordingly, mutation frequency, type, and expression levels were determined. Importantly, we found that VIRMA, METTL14, RBM15B, EIF3B, YTHDF1, and YTHDF3 genes hold potential significance as prognostic biomarker candidates as evidenced in particular by the overall survival analysis. Enrichment of gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways for the tumor samples with genetic alterations in the epitranscriptome regulatory pathways were investigated. Dysregulation of regulatory factors in breast cancer was associated with cell division, and survival-related pathways such as "nuclear division," and "chromosome segregation." Hence, the gained overactivity of these pathways may account for BIC's poor prognosis. In conclusion, these data underscore that m6A pathway regulators are frequently mutated in BIC and likely play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Epitranscriptome pathway genes warrant further research attention as regulators of cancer growth and biological targets in BIC, and with an eye to personalized medicine in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turan Demircan
- Medical Biology Department, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mervenur Yavuz
- Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Sıddıka Akgül
- Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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16
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Camargo AC, Remoli B, Portela LM, Fioretto MN, Chuffa LG, Moreno CS, Justulin LA. Transcriptomic landscape of male and female reproductive cancers: Similar pathways and molecular signatures predicting response to endocrine therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111393. [PMID: 34245846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive cancers in both genders represent serious health problems, whose incidence has significantly risen over the past decades. Although considerable differences among reproductive cancers exist, we aimed to identify similar signaling pathways and key molecular oncomarkers shared among six human reproductive cancers that can advance the current knowledge of cancer biology to propose new strategies for more effective therapies. Using a computational analysis approach, here we uncover aberrant miRNAs-mRNAs networks shared in six reproductive tumor types, and identify common molecular mechanisms strictly associated with cancer promotion and aggressiveness. Based on the fact that estrogenic and androgenic signaling pathways were most active in prostate and breast cancers, we further demonstrated that both androgen and estrogen deprivation therapy are capable of regulating the expression of the same key molecular sensors associated with endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cell cycle in these cancers. Overall, our data reveal a potential mechanistic framework of cellular processes that are shared among reproductive cancers, and particularly, highlight the importance of hormonal deprivation in breast and prostate cancers and potentially new biomarkers of response to these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cl Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Remoli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mf Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus N Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ga Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Jingushi K, Aoki M, Ueda K, Kogaki T, Tanimoto M, Monoe Y, Ando M, Matsumoto T, Minami K, Ueda Y, Kitae K, Hase H, Nagata T, Harada-Takeda A, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Tabata K, Furukawa T, Sato M, Tsujikawa K. ALKBH4 promotes tumourigenesis with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8677. [PMID: 33883577 PMCID: PMC8060266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human AlkB homolog family (ALKBH) of proteins play a critical role in some types of cancer. However, the expression and function of the lysine demethylase ALKBH4 in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression and function of ALKBH4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found that ALKBH4 was highly expressed in NSCLC, as compared to that in adjacent normal lung tissues. ALKBH4 knockdown significantly induced the downregulation of NSCLC cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of in vivo tumour growth. ALKBH4 knockdown downregulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and its target gene expression in NSCLC cells. ALKBH4 and E2F1 expression was significantly correlated in NSCLC clinical specimens. Moreover, patients with high ALKBH4 expression showed a poor prognosis, suggesting that ALKBH4 plays a pivotal tumour-promoting role in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kogaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Monoe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ando
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitae
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hase
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Aya Harada-Takeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Human Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Wu X, Gong Z, Ma L, Wang Q. lncRNA RPSAP52 induced the development of tongue squamous cell carcinomas via miR-423-5p/MYBL2. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4744-4752. [PMID: 33787061 PMCID: PMC8107108 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing lncRNAs have been noted to involve in the initiation and development of several tumours including tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs). However, the biological role and mechanism of lncRNA RPSAP52 were not well‐explained. We indicated that RPSAP52 was higher in TSCC samples compared with that in control samples. The higher expression of RPSAP52 was positively correlated with higher T stage and TNM stage. Ectopic expression of RPSAP52 induced TSCC cell growth and cycle and induced cytokine secretion including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β and IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TGF‐β. We found that the overexpression of RPSAP52 suppressed miR‐423‐5p expression in SCC‐4 cell. miR‐423‐5p was lower in TSCC samples compared with that in control samples, and miR‐423‐5p level was negatively correlated with higher T stage and TNM stage. Pearson's correlation indicated that miR‐423‐5p was negatively associated with that of RPSAP52 in TSCC tissues. Furthermore, MYBL2 was one direct gene of miR‐423‐5p and elevated expression of miR‐423‐5p suppressed MYBL2 expression and ectopic expression of RPSAP52 increased MYBL2 expression in SCC‐4 cell. Finally, we illustrated that RPSAP52 overexpression promoted TSCC cell growth and cycle and induced cytokine secretion including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β and IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TGF‐β via modulating MYBL2. These data provided new insight into RPSAP52, which may be one potential treatment target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wu
- Department of stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zuode Gong
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qibao Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
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MYB oncoproteins: emerging players and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 33637673 PMCID: PMC7910556 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are highly conserved from plants to vertebrates, indicating that their functions embrace fundamental mechanisms in the biology of cells and organisms. In humans, the MYB gene family is composed of three members: MYB, MYBL1 and MYBL2, encoding the transcription factors MYB, MYBL1, and MYBL2 (also known as c-MYB, A-MYB, and B-MYB), respectively. A truncated version of MYB, the prototype member of the MYB family, was originally identified as the product of the retroviral oncogene v-myb, which causes leukaemia in birds. This led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of vertebrate MYB could also cause cancer. Despite more than three decades have elapsed since the isolation of v-myb, only recently investigators were able to detect MYB genes rearrangements and mutations, smoking gun evidence of the involvement of MYB family members in human cancer. In this review, we will highlight studies linking the activity of MYB family members to human malignancies and experimental therapeutic interventions tailored for MYB-expressing cancers.
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Wang M, Qiao X, Cooper T, Pan W, Liu L, Hayball J, Lin J, Cui X, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Zou Y, Zhang R, Wang X. HPV E7-mediated NCAPH ectopic expression regulates the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/SGK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1049. [PMID: 33311486 PMCID: PMC7732835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors in the world, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is its causative agent. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer still require clarification. Here we found that knockdown of Non-SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer cells in vitro, and restrained xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Intriguingly, HPV E7 could form a positive feedback loop with NCAPH. E7 upregulated NCAPH gene expression via E2F1 which initiated NCAPH transcription by binding to its promoter directly. Silencing of NCAPH reduced E7 transcription via promoting the transition of AP-1 heterodimer from c-Fos/c-Jun to Fra-1/c-Jun. Moreover, the E7-mediated NCAPH overexpression was involved in the activation of the PI3K/AKT/SGK signaling pathway. In vivo, NCAPH expression in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than which in normal cervix and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Patients with high NCAPH expression had a significantly better survival outcomes than those with low-expression, suggesting that NCAPH-induced cell proliferation might sensitize cancer cells to adjuvant therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed the role of NCAPH in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between E7 and NCAPH expands the mechanism of HPV induced tumorigenesis and that of host genes regulating HPV E7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Qiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tamara Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jiaxiang Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiujie Cui
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, The Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shule Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Li S, Zhan Y, Xie Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. The Impact of Icariside II on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation, Mobility, and Autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4169-4178. [PMID: 33116405 PMCID: PMC7549881 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s268524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The flavonol glycoside icariside II (ICA II) has been shown to exhibit a range of anti-tumor properties. Herein, we evaluated the impact of ICA II on human prostate cancer cell proliferation, motility, and autophagy, and we further evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods We treated DU145 human prostate cancer cells with a range of ICA II doses and then assessed their proliferation via CCK-8 assay, while flow cytometry was used to monitor apoptosis and cell cycle progression. We further utilized wound healing and transwell assays to probe the impact of ICA II on migration and invasion, and assessed autophagy via laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting was further utilized to measure LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, P70S6K, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-P70S6K levels, with qRT-PCR being used to evaluate the expression of specific genes at the mRNA level. Results We found that ICA II was capable of mediating the dose- and time-dependent suppression of DU145 cell proliferation, causing these cells to enter a state of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We further determined that ICA II treatment was associated with significant impairment of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas autophagy was enhanced in treated cells relative to untreated controls. Conclusion Our results indicate that ICA II treatment is capable of suppressing human prostate tumor cell proliferation and migration while enhancing autophagy via modulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. As such, ICA II may be an ideal candidate drug for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlu Zhan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Xie
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Identification of NCAPH as a biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7831-7842. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mullen DJ, Yan C, Kang DS, Zhou B, Borok Z, Marconett CN, Farnham PJ, Offringa IA, Rhie SK. TENET 2.0: Identification of key transcriptional regulators and enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009023. [PMID: 32925947 PMCID: PMC7515200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and lung adenocarcinoma is its most common subtype. Although genetic alterations have been identified as drivers in subsets of lung adenocarcinoma, they do not fully explain tumor development. Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tumors. To identify epigenetic alterations driving lung adenocarcinoma, we used an improved version of the Tracing Enhancer Networks using Epigenetic Traits method (TENET 2.0) in primary normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found over 32,000 enhancers that appear differentially activated between normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma. Among the identified transcriptional regulators inactivated in lung adenocarcinoma vs. normal lung, NKX2-1 was linked to a large number of silenced enhancers. Among the activated transcriptional regulators identified, CENPA, FOXM1, and MYBL2 were linked to numerous cancer-specific enhancers. High expression of CENPA, FOXM1, and MYBL2 is particularly observed in a subgroup of lung adenocarcinomas and is associated with poor patient survival. Notably, CENPA, FOXM1, and MYBL2 are also key regulators of cancer-specific enhancers in breast adenocarcinoma of the basal subtype, but they are associated with distinct sets of activated enhancers. We identified individual lung adenocarcinoma enhancers linked to CENPA, FOXM1, or MYBL2 that were associated with poor patient survival. Knockdown experiments of FOXM1 and MYBL2 suggest that these factors regulate genes involved in controlling cell cycle progression and cell division. For example, we found that expression of TK1, a potential target gene of a MYBL2-linked enhancer, is associated with poor patient survival. Identification and characterization of key transcriptional regulators and associated enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma provides important insights into the deregulation of lung adenocarcinoma epigenomes, highlighting novel potential targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Diane S. Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Crystal N. Marconett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Ite A. Offringa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, United States of America
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