1
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He YZG, Wang YX, Ma JS, Li RN, Wang J, Lian TY, Zhou YP, Yang HP, Sun K, Jing ZC. MicroRNAs and their regulators: Potential therapeutic targets in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107216. [PMID: 37699495 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and progressive disease characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling. Despite that current combination therapy has shown improvement in morbidity and mortality, a better deciphering of the underlying pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets is urgently needed to combat PAH. MicroRNA, the critical element in post-transcription mechanisms, mediates cellular functions mainly by tuning downstream target gene expression. Meanwhile, upstream regulators can regulate miRNAs in synthesis, transcription, and function. In vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that miRNAs and their regulators are involved in PAH. However, the miRNA-related regulatory mechanisms governing pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction remain elusive. Hence, this review summarized the controversial roles of miRNAs in PAH pathogenesis, focused on different miRNA-upstream regulators, including transcription factors, regulatory networks, and environmental stimuli, and finally proposed the prospects and challenges for the therapeutic application of miRNAs and their regulators in PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zhi-Ge He
- Center for bioinformatics, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Laboratory Department of Qingzhou People's Hospital, Qingzhou 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Si Ma
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475100, Henan, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Department of School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475100, Henan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lian
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao-Pu Yang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.
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2
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Luo H, Zhao L, Ou Z, Li T, Liu Y, Yu Z. Novel lncRNA LNC_000113 Drives the Activation of Pulmonary Adventitial Fibroblasts through Modulating PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:262. [PMID: 37367427 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) is one of the key components of pulmonary arterial remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs may play fibrotic roles in a range of diseases. In this present study, we identified a novel lncRNA, LNC_000113, in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts (PAFs) and characterised its role in the Galectin-3-induced activation of PAFs in rats. Galectin-3 led to elevated expression of lncRNA LNC_000113 in PAFs. The expression of this lncRNA was primarily PAF enriched. A progressive increase in lncRNA LNC_000113 expression was observed in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. Knockdown of lncRNA LNC_000113 cancelled the Galectin-3's fibroproliferative effect on PAFs and prevented the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. The loss-of-function study demonstrated that lncRNA LNC_000113 activated PAFs through the PTEN/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results propose lncRNA LNC_000113 drives the activation of PAFs and promotes fibroblast phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha (Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Central South University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yanghong Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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3
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Yang H, Liang J, Li X, Yan L, Zhang Y. Inhibition of lincRNA-Cox2 alleviates apoptosis and inflammatory injury of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:234-241. [PMID: 37251964 PMCID: PMC10209602 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study mainly explored the role and mechanism of lincRNA-Cox2 in inflammatory injury of human bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide to establish an in vitro inflammatory injury model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lincRNA-Cox2 expression in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B. Cell viability and apoptosis of cells were assessed using CCK-8 and Annexin V-PI double staining. The contents of inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The protein levels of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 and haem oxygenase 1 protein levels were measured by Western blot. The results showed that lincRNA-Cox2 was upregulated in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. lincRNA-Cox2 knockdown inhibited apoptosis and the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BEAS-2B cells. lincRNA-Cox2 overexpression had the opposite effect. lincRNA-Cox2 knockdown also inhibited LPS-induced oxidative damage in BEAS-2B cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of lincRNA-Cox2 upregulated the levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, and si-Nrf2 reversed the effects of si-lincRNA-Cox2. In conclusion, lincRNA-Cox2 knockdown inhibited BEAS-2B apoptosis and the level of inflammatory factors by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Children Healthcare, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiangni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710003, China
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4
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Bernardi N, Bianconi E, Vecchi A, Ameri P. Noncoding RNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Rogula S, Pomirski B, Czyżak N, Eyileten C, Postuła M, Szarpak Ł, Filipiak KJ, Kurzyna M, Jaguszewski M, Mazurek T, Grabowski M, Gąsecka A. Biomarker-based approach to determine etiology and severity of pulmonary hypertension: Focus on microRNA. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:980718. [PMID: 36277769 PMCID: PMC9582157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.980718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, and defined by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, measured during right heart catheterization. There are three main challenges to the diagnostic and therapeutic process of patients with PAH. First, it is difficult to differentiate particular PAH etiology. Second, invasive diagnostic is required to precisely determine the severity of PAH, and thus to qualify patients for an appropriate treatment. Third, the results of treatment of PAH are unpredictable and remain unsatisfactory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post transcriptional gene-expression. Their role as a prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers in many different diseases have been studied in recent years. MiRNAs are promising novel biomarkers in PAH due to their activity in various molecular pathways and processes underlying PAH. Lack of biomarkers to differentiate between particular PAH etiology and evaluate the severity of PAH, as well as paucity of therapeutic targets in PAH open a new field for the possibility to use miRNAs in these applications. In our article, we discuss the potential of miRNAs use as diagnostic tools, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Rogula
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Sylwester Rogula,
| | - Bartosz Pomirski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norbert Czyżak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Genomics Core Facility, Center of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Department of Outcomes Research, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kurzyna
- Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, European Health Centre Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Miłosz Jaguszewski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Deng L, Han X, Wang Z, Nie X, Bian J. The Landscape of Noncoding RNA in Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060796. [PMID: 35740920 PMCID: PMC9220981 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is complex and highly genetically heterogeneous, with noncoding RNA transcripts playing crucial roles. The majority of RNAs in the noncoding transcriptome are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with less circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are two characteristics gaining increasing attention in the forefront of RNA research field. These noncoding transcripts (especially lncRNAs and circRNAs) exert important regulatory functions in PH and emerge as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Recent technological advancements have established great momentum for discovery and functional characterization of ncRNAs, which include broad transcriptome sequencing such as bulk RNA-sequence, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and RNA-protein/RNA interactions. In this review, we summarize the current research on the classification, biogenesis, and the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. Furthermore, we highlight the utility and challenges of using these ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Ziping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (X.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.D.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.N.); (J.B.)
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7
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Chen Y, He Y, Zhao S, He X, Xue D, Xia Y. Hypoxic/Ischemic Inflammation, MicroRNAs and δ-Opioid Receptors: Hypoxia/Ischemia-Sensitive Versus-Insensitive Organs. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:847374. [PMID: 35615595 PMCID: PMC9124822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.847374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and ischemia cause inflammatory injury and critically participate in the pathogenesis of various diseases in various organs. However, the protective strategies against hypoxic and ischemic insults are very limited in clinical settings up to date. It is of utmost importance to improve our understanding of hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) inflammation and find novel therapies for better prevention/treatment of H/I injury. Recent studies provide strong evidence that the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression and affect H/I inflammation through post-transcriptional mechanisms, are differentially altered in response to H/I stress, while δ-opioid receptors (DOR) play a protective role against H/I insults in different organs, including both H/I-sensitive organs (e.g., brain, kidney, and heart) and H/I-insensitive organs (e.g., liver and muscle). Indeed, many studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the DOR-mediated cyto-protection against H/I injury by several molecular pathways, including NLRP3 inflammasome modulated by miRNAs. In this review, we summarize our recent studies along with those of others worldwide, and compare the effects of DOR on H/I expression of miRNAs in H/I-sensitive and -insensitive organs. The alternation in miRNA expression profiles upon DOR activation and the potential impact on inflammatory injury in different organs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions are discussed at molecular and cellular levels. More in-depth investigations into this field may provide novel clues for new protective strategies against H/I inflammation in different types of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yichen He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Xue,
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ying Xia,
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of 100 Genomes Identifies a Distinctive Genetic Susceptibility Profile of Qatari Patients with Hypertension. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050722. [PMID: 35629146 PMCID: PMC9144388 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a leading risk condition for cardiovascular and renal complications. While multiple genes are associated with EH, little is known about its genetic etiology. Therefore, this study aimed to screen for variants that are associated with EH in 100 hypertensive/100 control patients comprising Qatari individuals using GWASs of whole-genome sequencing and compare these findings with genetic data obtained from more than 10,000 published peer-reviewed studies on EH. The GWAS analysis performed with 21,096 SNPs revealed 38 SNPs with a significant ≥4 log-p value association with EH. The two highest EH-associated SNPs (rs921932379 and rs113688672) revealed a significance score of ≥5 log-p value. These SNPs are located within the inter-genic region of GMPS-SETP14 and ISCA1P6-AC012451.1, respectively. Text mining yielded 3748 genes and 3078 SNPs, where 51 genes and 24 SNPs were mentioned in more than 30 and 10 different articles, respectively. Comparing our GWAS results to previously published articles revealed 194 that are unique to our patient cohort; of these, 13 genes that have 26 SNPs are the most significant with ≥4 log-p value. Of these genes, C2orf47-SPATS2L contains nine EH-associated SNPs. Most of EH-associated genes are related to ion gate channel activity and cardiac conduction. The disease–gene analysis revealed that a large number of EH-associated genes are associated with a variety of cardiovascular disorders. The clustering analysis using EH-associated SNPs across different ethnic groups showed high frequency for the minor allele in different ethnic groups, including Africans, East Asians, and South Asians. The combination of GWAS and text mining helped in identifying the unique genetic susceptibility profile of Qatari patients with EH. To our knowledge, this is the first small study that searched for genetic factors associated with EH in Qatari patients.
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9
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Zang H, Zhang Q, Li X. Non-Coding RNA Networks in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Genet 2021; 12:703860. [PMID: 34917122 PMCID: PMC8669616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various cellular processes. There are several ncRNA classes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The detailed roles of these molecules in pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. We systematically collected and reviewed reports describing the functions of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in PH through database retrieval and manual literature reading. The characteristics of identified articles, especially the experimental methods, were carefully reviewed. Furthermore, regulatory networks were constructed using ncRNAs and their interacting RNAs or genes. These data were extracted from studies on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, pulmonary artery endothelial cells, and pulmonary artery fibroblasts. We included 14 lncRNAs, 1 circRNA, 74 miRNAs, and 110 mRNAs in the constructed networks. Using these networks, herein, we describe the current knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in PH. Moreover, these networks actively provide an improved understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in PH. The results of this study are crucial for the clinical application of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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A Novel Regulatory Player in the Innate Immune System: Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179535. [PMID: 34502451 PMCID: PMC8430513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent crucial transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulators during antimicrobial responses in the host innate immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue- and cell-specific- manner and are involved in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, as well as inflammatory and antiviral processes, through versatile molecular mechanisms. These lncRNAs function via the interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein in either cis or trans pattern, relying on their specific sequences or their transcriptions and processing. The dysregulation of lncRNA function is associated with various human non-infectious diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of lncRNA function in the development and differentiation of innate immune cells, and during the activation or repression of innate immune responses. These elucidations might be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and innate immune-mediated diseases.
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11
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Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081892. [PMID: 34440661 PMCID: PMC8394897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition of the pulmonary circulatory system that occurs in patients of all ages and if untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Despite existing medical treatment options that improve survival and quality of life, the disease remains incurable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies to treat this disease. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. LncRNAs are implicated in pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction by modulating endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, and metabolism. LncRNAs are also involved in inducing different pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of the phenotypic switching, and cell cycle. LncRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression that affect various diseases at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-translational, and even post-translational levels. Here, we focus on the role of LncRNAs and their molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PAH. We also discuss the current research challenge and potential biomarker and therapeutic potentials of lncRNAs in PAH.
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12
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Lopez-Crisosto C, Arias-Carrasco R, Sepulveda P, Garrido-Olivares L, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Novel molecular insights and public omics data in pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166200. [PMID: 34144090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality which mainly affects women of reproductive age. Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, the high heterogeneity in the presentation of the disease among different patients makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis and to apply this knowledge to effective treatments. Therefore, new studies are required to focus on translational and personalized medicine to overcome the lack of specificity and efficacy of current management. Here, we review the majority of public databases storing 'omics' data of pulmonary hypertension studies, from animal models to human patients. Moreover, we review some of the new molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including non-coding RNAs and the application of 'omics' data to understand this pathology, hoping that these new approaches will provide insights to guide the way to personalized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Raul Arias-Carrasco
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepulveda
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido-Olivares
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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13
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Hong L, Ma X, Liu J, Luo Y, Lin J, Shen Y, Zhang L. Circular RNA-HIPK3 regulates human pulmonary artery endothelial cells function and vessel growth by regulating microRNA-328-3p/STAT3 axis. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211000234. [PMID: 33854768 PMCID: PMC8010839 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery endothelial cells are the pathological basis of pulmonary vascular remodeling with pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) regulates biological processes in various vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has been reported that circRNA regulates the vascular endothelial cells’ function. Therefore, circRNA may have crucial roles in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAECs) proliferation, migration, and tube formation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we aimed to discover the role and mechanism of circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary hypertension hPAECs. First, we used platelet-derived growth factor—stimulated hPAECs as a cellular model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The results showed that platelet-derived growth factor promoted hPAECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Notably, platelet-derived growth factor upregulated the expression of circHIPK3 in hPAECs and regulated their proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we confirmed miR-328-3p was copiously pulled down by circHIPK3 in hPAECs. Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the cytoplasmic interactions between circHIPK3 and miR-328-3p. Subsequently, we found that circHIPK3 might increase the expression of STAT3 by sponging miR-328-3p. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the circHIPK3-miR-328-3p-STAT3 axis contributed to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension by stimulating hPAECs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The circHIPK3 has an accelerated role in pulmonary arterial hypertension development, implicating the potential values of circHIPK3 in pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Hong
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Epigenetic Regulation of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Induced Vascular and Right Ventricular Remodeling: New Opportunities? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238901. [PMID: 33255338 PMCID: PMC7727715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a rare chronic disease with high impact on patients’ quality of life and currently no available cure. PAH is characterized by constant remodeling of the pulmonary artery by increased proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), fibroblasts (FBs) and endothelial cells (ECs). This remodeling eventually leads to increased pressure in the right ventricle (RV) and subsequent right ventricle hypertrophy (RVH) which, when left untreated, progresses into right ventricle failure (RVF). PAH can not only originate from heritable mutations, but also develop as a consequence of congenital heart disease, exposure to drugs or toxins, HIV, connective tissue disease or be idiopathic. While much attention was drawn into investigating and developing therapies related to the most well understood signaling pathways in PAH, in the last decade, a shift towards understanding the epigenetic mechanisms driving the disease occurred. In this review, we reflect on the different epigenetic regulatory factors that are associated with the pathology of RV remodeling, and on their relevance towards a better understanding of the disease and subsequently, the development of new and more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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