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Chansaenroj A, Kornsuthisopon C, Suwittayarak R, Rochanavibhata S, Loi LK, Lin YC, Osathanon T. IWP-2 modulates the immunomodulatory properties of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Int Endod J 2024; 57:219-236. [PMID: 37971040 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of IWP-2, Wnt inhibitor, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) responses. METHODOLOGY hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues. Cells were treated with 25 μM IWP-2 for 24 h, and subsequently, the gene expression profile was examined using high-throughput RNA sequencing. The mRNA expression was analysed using qPCR. The effect of IWP-2 was investigated in both normal and LPS-induced hDPSCs (inflamed hDPSCs). CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured with conditioned media of IWP-2 treated hDPSCs to observe the immunosuppressive property. RESULTS RNA sequencing indicated that IWP-2 significantly downregulated several KEGG pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. In both normal and inflamed conditions, IWP-2 markedly upregulated TGFB1 mRNA expression while the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFA, IL1B, IFNG, and IL6, was inhibited. In the inhibition experiment, the pretreatment with p38, MAPK, or PI3K inhibitors abolished the effects of IWP-2 in LPS-induced inflammation. In terms of immune cells, IWP-2-treated-inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media attenuated T cell proliferation and regulated regulatory T cell differentiation. In addition, the migratory property of macrophage was decreased after being exposed to IWP-2-treated inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media. CONCLUSION IWP-2 suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in both normal and inflamed hDPSCs. Moreover, hDPSCs exerted the immunosuppressive property after IWP-2 treatment. These results suggest the role of Wnt in inflammatory responses and immunomodulation in dental pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravipha Suwittayarak
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Rochanavibhata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lai-Keng Loi
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gushchina V, Kupper N, Schwarzkopf M, Frisch G, Piatek K, Aigner C, Michel A, Schueffl H, Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Manhardt T, Vlasaty A, Heffeter P, Bassetto M, Kállay E, Schepelmann M. The calcium-sensing receptor modulates the prostaglandin E 2 pathway in intestinal inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1151144. [PMID: 37153788 PMCID: PMC10157649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1151144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway is one of the main mediators of intestinal inflammation. As activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) induces expression of inflammatory markers in the colon, we assessed the impact of the CaSR on the PGE2 pathway regulation in colon cancer cells and the colon in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: We treated CaSR-transfected HT29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cell lines with different orthosteric ligands or modulators of the CaSR and measured gene expression and PGE2 levels. In CaSR-transfected HT29CaSR-GFP and Caco-2CaSR-GFP cells, the orthosteric CaSR ligand spermine and the positive allosteric CaSR modulator NPS R-568 both induced an inflammatory state as measured by IL-8 gene expression and significantly increased the expression of the PGE2 pathway key enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and/or prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (PGES-1). Inhibition of the CaSR with the calcilytic NPS 2143 abolished the spermine- and NPS R-568-induced pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, we observed cell-line specific responses as e.g. PGES-1 expression was affected only in HT29CaSR-GFP but not in Caco-2CaSR-GFP cells. Other genes involved in the PGE2 pathway (COX-1, or the PGE2 receptors) were not responsive to the treatment. None of the studied genes were affected by any CaSR agonist in GFP-only transfected HT29GFP and Caco-2GFP cells, indicating that the observed gene-inducing effects of spermine and R-568 were indeed mediated by the CaSR. In vivo, we had previously determined that treatment with the clinically approved calcimimetic cinacalcet worsened symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. In the colons of these mice, cinacalcet significantly induced gene expression of PGES-2 and the EP3 receptor, but not COX-2; while NPS 2143 increased the expression of the PGE2-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Importantly, neither treatment had any effect on the colons of non-DSS treated mice. Discussion: Overall, we show that activation of the CaSR induces the PGE2 pathway, albeit with differing effects in vitro and in vivo. This may be due to the different microenvironment in vivo compared to in vitro, specifically the presence of a CaSR-responsive immune system. Since calcilytics inhibit ligand-mediated CaSR signaling, they may be considered for novel therapies against inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Gushchina
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwarzkopf
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gitta Frisch
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Piatek
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Aigner
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- SiSaf Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vlasaty
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lazrak A, Song W, Yu Z, Zhang S, Nellore A, Hoopes CW, Woodworth BA, Matalon S. Low molecular weight hyaluronan inhibits lung epithelial ion channels by activating the calcium-sensing receptor. Matrix Biol 2023; 116:67-84. [PMID: 36758905 PMCID: PMC10012407 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we tested the hypothesis that low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA) inhibits lung epithelial ions transport in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro by activating the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Twenty-four hours post intranasal instillation of 50-150 µg/ml LMW-HA to C57BL/6 mice, there was a 75% inhibition of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), a threefold increase in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) depth, and a 20% increase in lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio. Incubation of human and mouse precision cut lung slices with 150 µg/ml LMW-HA reduced the activity and the open probability (Po) of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in alveolar epithelial type 2 (ATII) cells, and in mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC) monolayers as early as 4 h. The Cl- current through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the activity of Na,K-ATPase were both inhibited by more than 66% at 24 h. The inhibitory effects of LMW-HA on ion channels were reversed by 1 µM NPS-2143, or 150 µg/ml high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA). In HEK-293 cells expressing the calcium-sensitive Cl- channel TMEM16-A, CaSR was required for the activation of the Cl- current by LMW-HA. This is the first demonstration of lung ions and water transport inhibition by LMW-HA, and its mediation through the activation of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA.
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Charles W Hoopes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35295, USA
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Iamartino L, Brandi ML. The calcium-sensing receptor in inflammation: Recent updates. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059369. [PMID: 36467702 PMCID: PMC9716066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) is a member of the class C of G-proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs), it plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis by directly controlling calcium excretion in the kidneys and indirectly by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from the parathyroid glands. The CaSR is found to be ubiquitously expressed in the body, playing a plethora of additional functions spanning from fluid secretion, insulin release, neuronal development, vessel tone to cell proliferation and apoptosis, to name but a few. The present review aims to elucidate and clarify the emerging regulatory effects that the CaSR plays in inflammation in several tissues, where it mostly promotes pro-inflammatory responses, with the exception of the large intestine, where contradictory roles have been recently reported. The CaSR has been found to be expressed even in immune cells, where it stimulates immune response and chemokinesis. On the other hand, CaSR expression seems to be boosted under inflammatory stimulus, in particular, by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Because of this, the CaSR has been addressed as a key factor responsible for hypocalcemia and low levels of PTH that are commonly found in critically ill patients under sepsis or after burn injury. Moreover, the CaSR has been found to be implicated in autoimmune-hypoparathyroidism, recently found also in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Given the tight bound between the CaSR, calcium and vitamin D metabolism, we also speculate about their roles in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 (SARS-COVID-19) infection and their impact on patients' prognosis. We will further explore the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of the CaSR for the treatment and management of aberrant inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. (Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases), Florence, Italy
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Lorencetti-Silva F, Sales LS, Lamarque GDCC, Caixeta GA, Arnez MFM, Faccioli LH, Paula-Silva FWG. Effects of inflammation in dental pulp cell differentiation and reparative response. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.942714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The responsiveness of the dentin-pulp complex is possible due to the stimulation of dental pulp cells, which begin to synthesize and secrete dentin matrix. The inflammatory process generated by harmful stimuli should be understood as a natural event of the immune response, resulting in the recruitment of hematopoietic cells, which cross the endothelial barrier and reach the site affected by the injury in order to eliminate the damage and provide an appropriate environment for the restoration of homeostasis. The repair process occurs in the presence of adequate blood supply, absence of infection, and with the participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and other biologically active molecules. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are bioactive molecules derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid, as a result of a variable range of cellular stimuli. The aim of this review is to describe the process of formation and biomineralization of the dentin-pulp complex and how pro-inflammatory events can modify this response, with emphasis on the lipid mediators prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid metabolism.
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