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Stojanović NM, Mitić KV, Nešić M, Stanković M, Petrović V, Baralić M, Randjelović PJ, Sokolović D, Radulović N. Oregano ( Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil and Its Constituents Prevent Rat Kidney Tissue Injury and Inflammation Induced by a High Dose of L-Arginine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:941. [PMID: 38256015 PMCID: PMC10815453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective action of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil and its monoterpene constituents (thymol and carvacrol) in L-arginine-induced kidney damage by studying inflammatory and tissue damage parameters. The determination of biochemical markers that reflect kidney function, i.e., serum levels of urea and creatinine, tissue levels of neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), as well as a panel of oxidative-stress-related and inflammatory biomarkers, was performed. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of kidneys obtained from different experimental groups were conducted. Pre-treatment with the investigated compounds prevented an L-arginine-induced increase in serum and tissue kidney damage markers and, additionally, decreased the levels of inflammation-related parameters (TNF-α and nitric oxide concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity). Micromorphological kidney tissue changes correlate with the alterations observed in the biochemical parameters, as well as the expression of CD95 in tubule cells and CD68 in inflammatory infiltrate cells. The present results revealed that oregano essential oil, thymol, and carvacrol exert nephroprotective activity, which could be, to a great extent, associated with their anti-inflammatory, antiradical scavenging, and antiapoptotic action and, above all, due to their ability to lessen the disturbances arising from acute pancreatic damage. Further in-depth studies are needed in order to provide more detailed explanations of the observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M. Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Katarina V. Mitić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milica Nešić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.N.); (N.R.)
| | - Milica Stanković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Marko Baralić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle J. Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.N.); (N.R.)
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Lopes FF, Lamberty Faverzani J, Hammerschmidt T, Aguilar Delgado C, Ferreira de Oliveira J, Wajner M, Regla Vargas C. Evaluation of oxidative damage to biomolecules and inflammation in patients with urea cycle disorders. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109526. [PMID: 36702451 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are inborn errors of metabolism that occur due to a loss of function in enzymes and transporters involved in the urea cycle, causing an intoxication by hyperammonemia and accumulation of metabolites. Patients can develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), severe neurological and motor disabilities, and often death. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of UCD are many and complex, but there are strong indications that oxidative stress and inflammation are present, being responsible for at least part of the cellular damage that occurs in these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative and nitrosative damage and inflammation in UCD, to better understand the pathophysiology mechanisms of these diseases. We evaluated the nitrite and nitrate content, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl protein content and a panel of cytokines in plasma sample of 14 patients. The UCD patients group consisted of individuals affected with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (n = 8), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency (n = 2), argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency (n = 2); arginase 1 deficiency (n = 1) and argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (n = 1). Patients mean age at diagnosis was 5.25 ± 9.86 years-old and mean concentrations were compared with healthy individuals of matched age and gender. We found a significant reduction in nitrogen reactive species in patients when compared to controls. TBARS was increased in patients, indicating lipid peroxidation. To evaluate protein oxidative damage in UCD, the carbonyl content was measured, and the results also demonstrated an increase in this biomarker. Finally, we found that UCD patients have enhanced concentrations of cytokines, with pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 being increased when compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that oxidative stress and inflammation occurs in UCD and probably contribute to the severe brain damage present in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Fátima Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Lamberty Faverzani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Hammerschmidt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila Aguilar Delgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Ferreira de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Delmonego L, Maia TP, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Vincenzi KL, Lima AB, Pscheidt LC, Eger L, Delwing-de Lima D. Protective effect of resveratrol on citrullinemia type I-induced brain oxidative damage in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:685-699. [PMID: 33555496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrullinemia Type I is an inborn error, which leads to accumulation of citrulline and ammonia in blood and body tissues. We evaluated the in vitro effects of citrulline, ammonia and the influence of resveratrol on oxidative stress parameters in the cerebrum of 30- and 60-day-old male Wistar rats. Citrulline (0.1, 2.5, 5.0 mM), ammonia (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mM) and resveratrol (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mM) were added to the assays to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), total sulfhydryl content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Citrulline (2.5 and 5.0 mM) increased TBA-RS in the cerebellum of 30-day-old and in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of 60-day-old. Citrulline (5.0 mM) increased SOD and reduced GSH-Px in the hippocampus of 30-day-old, whereas in the cerebellum it increased GSH-Px. In the cerebral cortex, 2.5 and 5.0 mM citrulline reduced GSH-Px. In 60-day-old, 2.5 and 5.0 mM citrulline increased SOD in the cerebellum, increased GSH-Px in the cerebral cortex and 5.0 mM citrulline reduced CAT and increased SOD in the cerebral cortex. Ammonia (0.1 and 1.0 mM) reduced the sulfhydryl content in the cerebral cortex of 30- and 60-day-old, 1.0 mM ammonia increased SOD and reduced GSH-Px in the cerebellum of 30-day-old and increased SOD in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 60-day-old. Resveratrol was able to prevent the majority of these alterations. Thus, citrulline and ammonia induce oxidative stress in the cerebrum of rats; however, resveratrol was able to exert antioxidant effects against these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Delmonego
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Thayná Patachini Maia
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Débora Delwing-Dal Magro
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, CEP 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Karine Louize Vincenzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Luana Carla Pscheidt
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Letícia Eger
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Daniela Delwing-de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil.
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-972, Brazil.
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Vincenzi KL, Maia TP, Delmônego L, Lima AB, Pscheidt LC, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Delwing-de Lima D. Effects of resveratrol on alterations in cerebrum energy metabolism caused by metabolites accumulated in type I citrullinemia in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:873-884. [PMID: 33205249 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effects of citrulline (0.1, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) and ammonia (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM), and the influence of resveratrol (0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM) on pyruvate kinase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II, and cytochrome c oxidase activities in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus homogenates of 60-day-old male Wistar rats. Results showed that 2.5 and 5.0 mM citrulline decreased pyruvate kinase activity in cerebral cortex and, at a concentration of 5.0 mM, increased its activity in hippocampus. Additionally, 5.0 mM citrulline increased citrate synthase activity in the cerebellum of rats. Citrulline (5.0 mM) reduced complex II and cytochrome c oxidase activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. With regard to ammonia, at 0.1 and 1.0 mM, decreased complex II activity in cerebral cortex and at 1.0 mM decreased its activity in cerebellum and hippocampus. Ammonia (1.0 mM) also decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity in cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats. Resveratrol was able to prevent most of the alterations caused by these metabolites in the biomarkers of energy metabolism measured in the cerebrum of rats. Data suggest that these alterations in energy metabolism, caused by citrulline and ammonia, are probably mediated by the generation of free radicals, which can in turn be scavenged by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Louize Vincenzi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki,10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Thayna Patachini Maia
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Larissa Delmônego
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki,10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki,10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Luana Carla Pscheidt
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil
| | - Débora Delwing-Dal Magro
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio daVeiga,140, Blumenau, SC, 89012-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Delwing-de Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki,10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil. .,Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville - UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10- Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, SC, 89201-972, Brazil.
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Oxidative stress in urea cycle disorders: Findings from clinical and basic research. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 477:121-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gunz AC, Choong K, Potter M, Miller E. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with urea-cycle defects. Int Med Case Rep J 2013; 6:41-8. [PMID: 23983495 PMCID: PMC3751504 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s43513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The urea-cycle functions to facilitate ammonia excretion, a disruption of which results in the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The neurological outcome of neonatal-onset urea-cycle defects (UCDs) is poor, and there are no good predictors of prognosis beyond ammonia levels at presentation. The role of neuroimaging in the prognosis of neonatal-onset UCDs is unclear. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of two patients with neonatal-onset UCDs (argininosuccinic aciduria and citrullinemia) at presentation and at 2-year follow-up, and present a review of the literature on neuroimaging in this age-group. We observed two potentially significant distinct patterns of cerebral involvement on MRI: (1) a central and focal pattern of involvement limited to the basal ganglia, perirolandic regions, and internal capsule; and (2) diffuse involvement of the cerebral cortex, internal capsule, basal ganglia, and variably thalami and brain stem. Patients with more diffuse findings tended to have higher serum glutamine peaks and worse neurological outcomes, while those with central involvement, aggressive acute management, and early liver transplantation tended to have better outcomes. We propose that MRI imaging of the brain may have prognostic value following presentation with neonatal UCDs, particularly in identifying patients at risk for poor outcome. The role and timing of follow-up neuroimaging is currently unclear. Further collaborative studies are necessary to evaluate whether patterns of MRI findings vary with specific UCD subtypes, and are predictive of clinical outcomes in neonatal UCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Catherine Gunz
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Moderate grade hyperammonemia induced concordant activation of antioxidant enzymes is associated with prevention of oxidative stress in the brain slices. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:171-81. [PMID: 21922254 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute hyperammonemia (HA) induced oxidative stress in the brain is considered to play critical roles in the neuropathology of end stage hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Moderate grade HA led minimal/moderate type HE is more common in the patients with chronic liver failure. However, implication of oxygen free radical ([Formula: see text]) based oxidative mechanisms remain to be defined during moderate grade HA. This article describes profiles of all the antioxidant enzymes Vis a Vis status of oxidative stress/damage in the brain slices exposed to 0.1-1 mM ammonia, reported to exist in the brain of animals with chronic liver failure and in liver cirrhotic patients. Superoxide dismutase catalyzes the first step of antioxidant mechanism and, with concerted activity of catalase, neutralizes [Formula: see text] produced in the cells. Both these enzymes remained unchanged up to 0.2-0.3 mM ammonia, however, with significant increments (P < 0.01-0.001) in the brain slices exposed to 0.5-1 mM ammonia. This was consistent with the similar pattern of production of reactive oxygen species in the brain slices. However, level of lipid peroxidation remained unchanged throughout the ammonia treatment. Synchronized activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase regulate the level of glutathione to maintain reducing equivalents in the cells. The activities of both these enzymes also increased significantly in the brain slices exposed to 0.5-1 mM ammonia with concomitant increments in GSH/GSSG ratio and in the levels of total and protein bound thiol. The findings suggest resistance of brain cells from ammonia induced oxidative damage during moderate grade HA due to concordant activations of antioxidant enzymes.
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Perez CJ, Jaubert J, Guénet JL, Barnhart KF, Ross-Inta CM, Quintanilla VC, Aubin I, Brandon JL, Otto NW, DiGiovanni J, Gimenez-Conti I, Giulivi C, Kusewitt DF, Conti CJ, Benavides F. Two hypomorphic alleles of mouse Ass1 as a new animal model of citrullinemia type I and other hyperammonemic syndromes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1958-68. [PMID: 20724589 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Citrullinemia type I (CTLN1, OMIM# 215700) is an inherited urea cycle disorder that is caused by an argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) enzyme deficiency. In this report, we describe two spontaneous hypomorphic alleles of the mouse Ass1 gene that serve as an animal model of CTLN1. These two independent mouse mutant alleles, also described in patients affected with CTLN1, interact to produce a range of phenotypes. While some mutant mice died within the first week after birth, others survived but showed severe retardation during postnatal development as well as alopecia, lethargy, and ataxia. Notable pathological findings were similar to findings in human CTLN1 patients and included citrullinemia and hyperammonemia along with delayed cerebellar development, epidermal hyperkeratosis, and follicular dystrophy. Standard treatments for CTLN1 were effective in rescuing the phenotype of these mutant mice. Based on our studies, we propose that defective cerebellar granule cell migration secondary to disorganization of Bergmann glial cell fibers cause cerebellar developmental delay in the hyperammonemic and citrullinemic brain, pointing to a possible role for nitric oxide in these processes. These mouse mutations constitute a suitable model for both mechanistic and preclinical studies of CTLN1 and other hyperammonemic encephalopathies and, at the same time, underscore the importance of complementing knockout mutations with hypomorphic mutations for the generation of animal models of human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Perez
- Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Mc Guire PJ, Parikh A, Diaz GA. Profiling of oxidative stress in patients with inborn errors of metabolism. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 98:173-80. [PMID: 19604711 PMCID: PMC2915835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Free radical formation resulting in oxidative stress is a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be an underlying pathophysiologic process in various inborn errors of metabolism. Metabolic profiling of oxidative stress may provide a non-specific measure of disease activity that may further enable physicians to monitor disease. In the present study, we investigated two markers of oxidative damage in urinary samples from IEM subjects and controls: F-2 isoprostanes, a measure of lipid peroxidation and di-tyrosine, a measure of protein oxidation. We also determined urinary antioxidant activity in these samples. Subsets of IEM patients showed significantly higher levels of the damage markers isoprostanes and di-tyrosine. Of note, patients with cobalamin disorders (i.e., CblB and CblC) consistently had the highest levels of oxidative damage markers. Lower urine antioxidant capacity was seen in all subject categories, particularly cobalamin disorders and propionic acidemia. Longitudinal studies in subjects with MSUD showed good concordance between markers of oxidative damage and acute decompensation. Overall, quantifying oxidative stress offers a unique perspective to IEM. These measures may provide a means of addressing mitochondrial function in IEM and aid in the development of therapeutic targets and clinical monitoring in this diverse set of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mc Guire
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Chiba T, Inoue D, Mizuno A, Komatsu T, Fujita S, Kubota H, Luisa Tagliaro M, Park S, Trindade LS, Hayashida T, Hayashi H, Yamaza H, Higami Y, Shimokawa I. Identification and characterization of an insulin receptor substrate 4-interacting protein in rat brain: implications for longevity. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:474-82. [PMID: 17720279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is organized as a collection of distinct, autonomously active nuclei that regulate discrete functions, such as feeding activity and metabolism. We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes that are enriched in the hypothalamus of the rat brain. We screened a subtractive library of 160 clones, and 4 genes that were predominantly expressed in the hypothalamus, compared to other brain regions. The mRNA for a member of the WD-repeat family of proteins, WDR6, was abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus, and we found that WDR6 interacted with insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS-4) in the rat brain. Interestingly, WDR6 gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was decreased by caloric restriction, and in growth hormone (GH)-antisense transgenic rats, both of which are associated with an increased life span. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin treatment increased WDR6 gene expression in mouse hypothalamus-derived GT1-7 cells. Our results might suggest that WDR6 participates in insulin/IGF-I signaling and the regulation of feeding behavior and longevity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Chiba
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
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