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Stern S, Crisamore K, Schuck R, Pacanowski M. Evaluation of the landscape of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:280. [PMID: 39061081 PMCID: PMC11282650 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive, progressive disorder resulting from variants in NPC1 or NPC2 that leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary by age of onset, and severity is often characterized by neurological involvement. To date, no disease-modifying therapy has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and treatment is typically supportive. The lack of robust biomarkers contributes to challenges associated with disease monitoring and quantifying treatment response. In recent years, advancements in detection methods have facilitated the identification of biomarkers in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid from patients with NPC, namely calbindin D, neurofilament light chain, 24(S)hydroxycholesterol, cholestane-triol, trihydroxycholanic acid glycinate, amyloid-β, total and phosphorylated tau, and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine-serine. These biomarkers have been used to support several clinical trials as pharmacodynamic endpoints. Despite the significant advancements in laboratory techniques, translation of those advancements has lagged, and it remains unclear which biomarkers correlate with disease severity and progression, or which biomarkers could inform treatment response. In this review, we assess the landscape of biomarkers currently proposed to guide disease monitoring or indicate treatment response in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stern
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Karryn Crisamore
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Robert Schuck
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Michael Pacanowski
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
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2
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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3
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Ishitsuka Y, Irie T, Matsuo M. Cyclodextrins applied to the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114617. [PMID: 36356931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide, is a pharmaceutical additive that improves the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Recent research has focused on the potential active pharmaceutical abilities of CD. Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited metabolic diseases characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and abnormal lipid storage. Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by mutations in cholesterol transporter genes (NPC1, NPC2) and is characterized by cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes. A biocompatible cholesterol solubilizer 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was recently used in NPC patients for compassionate use and in clinical trials. HP-β-CD is an attractive drug candidate for NPC; however, its adverse effects, such as ototoxicity, should be solved. In this review, we discuss the current use of HP-β-CD in basic and clinical research and discuss alternative CD derivatives that may outperform HP-β-CD, which should be considered for clinical use. The potential of CD therapy for the treatment of other lysosomal storage diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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4
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Xiao X, Liao X, Zhou Y, Weng L, Guo L, Zhou L, Wang X, Liu X, Liu H, Bi X, Xu T, Zhu Y, Yang Q, Zhang S, Hao X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li J, Shen L, Jiao B. Variants in the Niemann-Pick type C genes are not associated with Alzheimer's disease: A large case-control study in the Chinese Population. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Dominko K, Rastija A, Sobocanec S, Vidatic L, Meglaj S, Lovincic Babic A, Hutter-Paier B, Colombo AV, Lichtenthaler SF, Tahirovic S, Hecimovic S. Impaired Retromer Function in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease Is Dependent on Intracellular Cholesterol Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13256. [PMID: 34948052 PMCID: PMC8705785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol within late endosomes and lysosomes due to NPC1 or NPC2 dysfunction. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that retromer impairment may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC and may contribute to increased amyloidogenic processing of APP and enhanced BACE1-mediated proteolysis observed in NPC disease. Using NPC1-null cells, primary mouse NPC1-deficient neurons and NPC1-deficient mice (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N), we show that retromer function is impaired in NPC. This is manifested by altered transport of the retromer core components Vps26, Vps35 and/or retromer receptor sorLA and by retromer accumulation in neuronal processes, such as within axonal swellings. Changes in retromer distribution in NPC1 mouse brains were observed already at the presymptomatic stage (at 4-weeks of age), indicating that the retromer defect occurs early in the course of NPC disease and may contribute to downstream pathological processes. Furthermore, we show that cholesterol depletion in NPC1-null cells and in NPC1 mouse brains reverts retromer dysfunction, suggesting that retromer impairment in NPC is mechanistically dependent on cholesterol accumulation. Thus, we characterized retromer dysfunction in NPC and propose that the rescue of retromer impairment may represent a novel therapeutic approach against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dominko
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Ana Rastija
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sandra Sobocanec
- Laboratory for Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Diabetes, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lea Vidatic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Sarah Meglaj
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Andrea Lovincic Babic
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (A.L.B.)
| | | | - Alessio-Vittorio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-V.C.); (S.F.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.D.); (A.R.); (L.V.)
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Wibawa P, Kurth F, Luders E, Pantelis C, Cropley VL, Di Biase MA, Velakoulis D, Walterfang M. Differential involvement of hippocampal subfields in Niemann-Pick type C disease: a case-control study. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2071-2078. [PMID: 34146215 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal brain regions are strongly implicated in Niemann Pick type C disease (NPC), but little is known regarding distinct subregions of the hippocampal complex and whether these are equally or differentially affected. To address this gap, we compared volumes of five hippocampal subfields between NPC and healthy individuals using MRI. To this end, 9 adult-onset NPC cases and 9 age- and gender-matched controls underwent a 3 T T1-weighted MRI scan. Gray matter volumes of the cornu ammonis (CA1, CA2 and CA3), dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum, entorhinal cortex and hippocampal-amygdalar transition area were calculated by integrating MRI-based image intensities with microscopically defined cytoarchitectonic probabilities. Compared to healthy controls, NPC patients showed smaller volumes of the CA1-3 and DG regions bilaterally, with the greatest difference localized to the left DG (Cohen's d = 1.993, p = 0.008). No significant associations were shown between hippocampal subfield volumes and key clinical features of NPC, including disease duration, symptom severity and psychosis. The pattern of hippocampal subregional atrophy in NPC differs from those seen in other dementias, which may indicate unique cytoarchitectural vulnerabilities in this earlier-onset disorder. Future MRI studies of hippocampal subfields may clarify its potential as a biomarker of neurodegeneration in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Wibawa
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Tegeder I, Kögel D. When lipid homeostasis runs havoc: Lipotoxicity links lysosomal dysfunction to autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maresca G, Formica C, Nocito V, Latella D, Leonardi S, De Cola MC, Triglia G, Bramanti P, Corallo F. Neuropsychological assessment in Niemann-Pick disease type C: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3167-3175. [PMID: 34021815 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropsychological profile of Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) patients is characterized by an early deterioration in executive functions and attention. There are few studies on cognitive impairment and on neuropsychological assessment of NP-C disease. The purpose of this review is to analyze the studies on a psychological assessment for NP-C patients. METHOD This review aims to identify a neuropsychological assessment to evaluate cognitive domains and neuropsychological changes in these patients. There were a total of 73 articles. The search terms were identified as titles and abstracts. All articles were evaluated by title, abstract, and text. RESULTS Only four of the 73 articles were included because they met the criteria of our review. Furthermore, in these studies, possible diagnostic protocols are proposed on NP-C subjects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The cognitive impairment in NP-C has a negative impact on daily functioning and quality of life. Early diagnosis could identify cognitive deficits and promote cognitive interventions to improve the neuropsychological profile. The management of NP-C disease should be based on a multidisciplinary approach, to treating symptoms, preserving neurological functions, and guaranteeing the best possible quality of life. Early identification of neurological and psychological symptoms of the disease is necessary in order to decrease the progression of neurological disease and improve patient care and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, research should focus more on cognitive aspects, not only in the diagnostic process but also in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Maresca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Formica
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Nocito
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Desiree Latella
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Leonardi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Cola
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Triglia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
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9
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Burbulla LF, Mc Donald JM, Valdez C, Gao F, Bigio EH, Krainc D. Modeling Brain Pathology of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Patient-Derived Neurons. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1022-1027. [PMID: 33438272 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage disease that is also associated with progressive neurodegeneration. NPC shares many pathological features with Alzheimer's disease, including neurofibrillary tangles, axonal spheroids, β-amyloid deposition, and dystrophic neurites. Here, we examined if these pathological features could be detected in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from NPC patients. METHODS Brain tissues from 8 NPC patients and 5 controls were analyzed for histopathological and biochemical markers of pathology. To model disease in culture, iPSCs from NPC patients and controls were differentiated into cortical neurons. RESULTS We found hyperphosphorylated tau, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein, and increased Aβ42 in NPC postmortem brains and in iPSC-derived cortical neurons from NPC patients. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that the main pathogenic phenotypes typically found in NPC brains were also observed in patient-derived neurons, providing a useful model for further mechanistic and therapeutic studies of NPC. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica M Mc Donald
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Clarissa Valdez
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Xu F, Zhang X, Wang J, Li X, He B, Xiao F, Yan T, Wu B, Jia Y, Wang Z. Spinosin protects N2a cells from H 2 O 2 -induced neurotoxicity through inactivation of p38MAPK. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1607-1614. [PMID: 32667705 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have suggested that spinosin (SPI) exerted neuroprotective effects through inhibition of oxidative damage, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SPI against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were examined in neuro-2a (N2a) mouse neuroblastoma cells. METHODS N2a cells were pretreated with H2 O2 for 2 h, followed by a 24-h incubation with SPI. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analysed by flow cytometry. Levels of Aβ1-42 production were determined by ELISA assay. Levels of expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), p-p38MAPK, p-Tau (Ser199), p-Tau (Ser202), p-Tau (Ser396), synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic scaffold postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) were detected by Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that H2 O2 treatment enhanced intracellular ROS production in N2a cells. SPI prevented H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage via inhibiting Aβ1-42 production, decreasing Tau phosphorylation and improving synaptic structural plasticity. Notably, H2 O2 -increased p38MAPK activation was attenuated by SPI administration, and p38MAPK inhibitor BIRB796 markedly reduced H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in N2a cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SPI protects N2a cells from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage through inactivation of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Xu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Bosai He
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
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11
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Benussi A, Cotelli MS, Cantoni V, Bertasi V, Turla M, Dardis A, Biasizzo J, Manenti R, Cotelli M, Padovani A, Borroni B. Clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of heterozygous NPC1 carriers. JIMD Rep 2019; 49:80-88. [PMID: 31497485 PMCID: PMC6718120 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an uncommon lysosomal storage disorder, which is characterized neuropathologically by cholinergic dysfunction and presents clinically with a broad series of neurological signs and symptoms. NPC is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. However, recent reports have raised concerns on heterozygous NPC1 gene mutation carriers, which historically have been considered as clinically unaffected, occasionally presenting with clinical parkinsonian syndromes or dementia. In the present study, we aimed at comprehensively assessing clinical, biochemical, and neurophysiological features in heterozygous NPC1 gene mutation carriers. We assessed cholinergic intracortical circuits with transcranial magnetic stimulation, executive functions and plasma oxysterol levels in two families comprising two monozygotic twins with a homozygous NPC1 p.P888S mutation, four patients with a compound heterozygous p.E451K and p.G992W mutation, 10 heterozygous NPC1 p.P888S carriers, 1 heterozygous NPC1 p.E451K carrier, and 11 noncarrier family members. We observed a significant impairment in cholinergic circuits, evaluated with short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), and executive abilities in homozygous/compound heterozygous patients and heterozygous asymptomatic NPC1 carriers, compared to noncarriers. Moreover, we reported a significant correlation between executive functions performances and both plasma oxysterol levels and neurophysiological parameters. These data suggest that heterozygous NPC1 carriers show subclinical deficits in cognition, possibly mediated by an impairment of cholinergic circuits, which in turn may mediate the onset of neurological disorders in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | | | - Valentina Cantoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child HealthUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | | | - Andrea Dardis
- University Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia”UdineItaly
| | | | - Rosa Manenti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di DioBresciaItaly
| | - Maria Cotelli
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di DioBresciaItaly
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
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12
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Santiago-Mujica E, Flunkert S, Rabl R, Neddens J, Loeffler T, Hutter-Paier B. Hepatic and neuronal phenotype of NPC1 -/- mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01293. [PMID: 30923761 PMCID: PMC6423819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a defect in the intracellular transport of lipoproteins leading to the accumulation of lipids in diverse tissues. A visceral and neuronal phenotype mimicking human NPC1 disease has been described in NPC1 mutant mice. These mice are by now the most widely used NPC1 rodent model to study NPC and developmental compounds against this devastating disease. Here we characterized NPC1-/- mice for their hepatic and neuronal phenotype to confirm the stability of the phenotype, provide a characterization of disease progression and pinpoint the age of robust phenotype onset. Animals of 4-10 weeks of age were analyzed for general health, motor deficits as well as hepatic and neuronal alterations with a special focus on cerebellar pathology. Our results show that NPC1-/- mice have a reduced general health at the age of 9-10 weeks. Robust motor deficits can be observed even earlier at 8 weeks of age. Hepatic changes included increased organ weight and cholesterol levels at 6 weeks of age accompanied by severely increased liver enzyme levels. Analysis of NPC1-/- brain pathology showed decreased cholesterol and increased Aβ levels in the hippocampus at the age of 6 weeks. Further analysis revealed a decrease of the cytokine IL-12p70 in the cerebellum along with a very early increase of astrocytosis. Hippocampal IL-12p70 levels were increased at the age of 6 weeks followed by increased activated microglia levels. By the age of 10 weeks, also cerebellar Aβ levels were increased along with strongly reduced Calbindin D-28k levels. Our results validate and summarize the progressive development of the hepatic and neuronal phenotype of NPC1-/- mice that starts with cerebellar astrocytosis, making this mouse model a valuable tool for the development of new compounds against NPC.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- AOI, Area of interest
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- APP, Amyloid Precursor Protein
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CD45, cluster of differentiation 45
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cell biology
- DAPI, 4′,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- IFN-γ, Interferon-gamma
- IL-10/12, Interleukin-10/12
- KC, keratinocyte chemoattractant
- MAP2, microtubuli-associated protein 2
- Molecular biology
- NPC, Niemann-Pick type C
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- WT, wildtype
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Johnen A, Pawlowski M, Duning T. Distinguishing neurocognitive deficits in adult patients with NP-C from early onset Alzheimer's dementia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:91. [PMID: 29871644 PMCID: PMC5989447 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 or the NPC2 gene. Neurocognitive deficits are common in NP-C, particularly in patients with the adolescent/adult-onset form. As a disease-specific therapy is available, it is important to distinguish clinically between the cognitive profiles in NP-C and primary dementia (e.g., early Alzheimer's disease; eAD). METHODS In a prospective observational study, we directly compared the neurocognitive profiles of patients with confirmed NP-C (n = 7) and eAD (n = 15). All patients underwent neurocognitive assessment using dementia screening tests (mini-mental status examination [MMSE] and frontal assessment battery [FAB]) and an extensive battery of tests assessing verbal memory, visuoconstructive abilities, visual memory, executive functions and verbal fluency. RESULTS Overall cognitive impairment (MMSE) was significantly greater in eAD vs. NP-C (p = 0.010). The frequency of patients classified as cognitively 'impaired' was also significantly greater in eAD vs. NP-C (p = 0.025). Patients with NP-C showed relatively preserved verbal memory, but frequent impairment in visual memory, visuoconstruction, executive functions and in particular, verbal fluency. In the eAD group, a wider profile of more frequent and more severe neurocognitive deficits was seen, primarily featuring severe verbal and visual memory deficits along with major executive impairment. Delayed verbal memory recall was a particularly strong distinguishing factor between the two groups. CONCLUSION A combination of detailed yet easy-to-apply neurocognitive tests assessing verbal memory, executive functions and verbal fluency may help distinguish NP-C cases from those with primary dementia due to eAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johnen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Duning
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Endosomal-Lysosomal Cholesterol Sequestration by U18666A Differentially Regulates Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Metabolism in Normal and APP-Overexpressing Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29530923 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00529-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a critical role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Current evidence indicates that altered levels or subcellular distribution of cholesterol can regulate Aβ production and clearance, but it remains unclear how cholesterol sequestration within the endosomal-lysosomal (EL) system can influence APP metabolism. Thus, we evaluated the effects of U18666A, which triggers cholesterol redistribution within the EL system, on mouse N2a cells expressing different levels of APP in the presence or absence of extracellular cholesterol and lipids provided by fetal bovine serum (FBS). Our results reveal that U18666A and FBS differentially increase the levels of APP and its cleaved products, the α-, β-, and η-C-terminal fragments, in N2a cells expressing normal levels of mouse APP (N2awt), higher levels of human wild-type APP (APPwt), or "Swedish" mutant APP (APPsw). The cellular levels of Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 were markedly increased in U18666A-treated APPwt and APPsw cells. Our studies further demonstrate that APP and its cleaved products are partly accumulated in the lysosomes, possibly due to decreased clearance. Finally, we show that autophagy inhibition plays a role in mediating U18666A effects. Collectively, these results suggest that altered levels and distribution of cholesterol and lipids can differentially regulate APP metabolism depending on the nature of APP expression.
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15
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Berry-Kravis E, Chin J, Hoffmann A, Winston A, Stoner R, LaGorio L, Friedmann K, Hernandez M, Ory DS, Porter FD, O'Keefe JA. Long-Term Treatment of Niemann-Pick Type C1 Disease With Intrathecal 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 80:24-34. [PMID: 29429782 PMCID: PMC5857219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathecal 2-hydoxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin has been found to mobilize cholesterol, extend life, reduce cerebellar pathology, and delay onset of ataxia in the mouse and cat models of Niemann-Pick disease, type C1, a clinically variable progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative storage disorder characterized by endolysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. OBJECTIVE In this study, the long-term effects of intrathecal 2-hydoxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment for 2.5 to three years in humans with Niemann-Pick disease, type C, were evaluated. METHODS Three patients with Niemann-Pick disease, type C, in different stages of progression and displaying varying disease manifestations were treated with intrathecal 2-hydoxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (VTS-270) delivered by lumbar puncture infusion through an intermediate-size patient population investigational new drug application for expanded access. Disease progression was monitored with the Niemann-Pick disease, type C, Neurological Severity Scale and numerous objective measures of function in five neurological domains typically impacted by the disease: cognitive/language, gait/balance, fine motor, swallowing, and eye movement. RESULTS No worsening in any domain except eye movements (vertical pursuit gain) was seen for any of the three patients, and in the other domains, improved scores on measures were seen over time for one or more patients. The Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) Neurological Severity Scale (NSS) showed stable to slightly improved ratings. CONCLUSIONS These trajectories are not consistent with the typical trajectory of the disease and suggest that intrathecal 2-hydoxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin has stabilized the disease over an extended period of time, supporting the current phase 2/3 controlled registration trial with VTS-270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Jamie Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy Winston
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin Stoner
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa LaGorio
- Department of Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mariana Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan A O'Keefe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Heitz C, Epelbaum S, Nadjar Y. Cognitive impairment profile in adult patients with Niemann pick type C disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:166. [PMID: 29047377 PMCID: PMC5648435 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of Niemann Pick type C (NPC) disease, but few data concerning the neuropsychological profile of NPC patients are available. The aim of our study was to characterize cognitive impairments in NPC disease and to assess the evolution of these symptoms and the impact of miglustat on cognitive follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 21 adult patients diagnosed with NPC disease. Neuropsychological data (global cognitive efficiency, language, attention, executive functions, praxis, and visuoconstructive functions tests) were retrieved to describe the cognitive profile of patients. Cognitive impairment scores over time were assessed under treatment by miglustat. Results The majority of patients (90%) were impaired in one or more cognitive function. Executive functions and attention were the most impaired cognitive functions. Conversely, storage in the episodic memory was preserved in 61.5% of cases. Mean neuropsychological scores were stable during the period under miglustat (mean of 3.8 years). Conclusions This study is one of the first to assess the cognitive profile of adult NPC patients. This profile is not specific to attention and executive dysfunctions; however, the preservation of storage in the episodic memory is promising for cognitive remediation. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of miglustat on cognition, but in this study, patients were stable under this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Heitz
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Neurology Department, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Hospital of Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Neurology Department, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Hospital of Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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17
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Bergeron D, Poulin S, Laforce R. Cognition and anatomy of adult Niemann-Pick disease type C: Insights for the Alzheimer field. Cogn Neuropsychol 2017; 35:209-222. [PMID: 28662611 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1340264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder causing an intracellular lipid trafficking defect and varying damage to the spleen, liver, and central nervous system. The adult form, representing approximately 20% of the cases, is associated with progressive cognitive decline. Intriguingly, brains of adult NPC patients exhibit neurofibrillary tangles, a characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the cognitive, psychiatric, and neuropathological features of adult NPC and their relation to AD have yet to be explored. We systematically reviewed the literature on adult NPC with a particular focus on cognitive and neuroanatomical abnormalities. The careful study of cognition in adult NPC allows drawing critical insights in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD as well as normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bergeron
- a Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.,b Faculté de Médecine , Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Stéphane Poulin
- a Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.,b Faculté de Médecine , Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Robert Laforce
- a Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques , CHU de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada.,b Faculté de Médecine , Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
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18
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Wang Y, MacDonald RG, Thinakaran G, Kar S. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2636-2658. [PMID: 26993302 PMCID: PMC5901910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a multifunctional single transmembrane glycoprotein. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, ligand-binding properties, and trafficking of the IGF-II/M6P receptor. This receptor has been implicated in a variety of important cellular processes including growth and development, clearance of IGF-II, proteolytic activation of enzymes, and growth factor precursors, in addition to its well-known role in the delivery of lysosomal enzymes. The IGF-II/M6P receptor, distributed widely in the central nervous system, has additional roles in mediating neurotransmitter release and memory enhancement/consolidation, possibly through activating IGF-II-related intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest that overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor may have an important role in regulating the levels of transcripts and proteins involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly population in our society. It is reported that IGF-II/M6P receptor overexpression can increase the levels/processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the generation of β-amyloid peptide, which is associated with degeneration of neurons and subsequent development of AD pathology. Given the significance of the receptor in mediating the transport and functioning of the lysosomal enzymes, it is being considered for therapeutic delivery of enzymes to the lysosomes to treat lysosomal storage disorders. Notwithstanding these results, additional studies are required to validate and fully characterize the function of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in the normal brain and its involvement in various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. It is also critical to understand the interaction between the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in neurodegenerative processes, which may shed some light on developing approaches to detect and prevent neurodegeneration through the dysfunction of the receptor and the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R G MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - G Thinakaran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - S Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
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19
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Ordoñez MP, Steele JW. Modeling Niemann Pick type C1 using human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Brain Res 2017; 1656:63-67. [PMID: 26972536 PMCID: PMC5018240 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Data generated in Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1) human embryonic and human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons complement on-going studies in animal models and provide the first example, in disease-relevant human cells, of processes that underlie preferential neuronal defects in a NPC1. Our work and that of other investigators in human neurons derived from stem cells highlight the importance of performing rigorous mechanistic studies in relevant cell types to guide drug discovery and therapeutic development, alongside of existing animal models. Through the use of human stem cell-derived models of disease, we can identify and discover or repurpose drugs that revert early events that lead to neuronal failure in NPC1. Together with the study of disease pathogenesis and efficacy of therapies in animal models, these strategies will fulfill the promise of stem cell technology in the development of new treatments for human diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Exploiting human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paulina Ordoñez
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - John W Steele
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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20
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Benussi A, Cotelli MS, Cosseddu M, Bertasi V, Turla M, Salsano E, Dardis A, Padovani A, Borroni B. Preliminary Results on Long-Term Potentiation-Like Cortical Plasticity and Cholinergic Dysfunction After Miglustat Treatment in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. JIMD Rep 2017; 36:19-27. [PMID: 28092091 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2016_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, which manifests clinically with a wide range of neurological signs and symptoms. We assessed multiple neurological, neuropsychological and neurophysiological biomarkers using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) multi-paradigm approach in two patients with NPC carrying a homozygous mutation in the NPC1 gene, and in two heterozygous family members.We assessed short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) and long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity with a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol.Baseline SAI and LTP-like plasticity were impaired in both patients with NPC and in the symptomatic heterozygous NPC1 gene mutation carrier. Only a limited decrease in SICI and ICF was observed, while LICI was within normal range in all subjects at baseline. After 12 months of treatment with miglustat, a considerable improvement in SAI and LTP-like plasticity was observed in both patients with NPC. In conclusion, these biomarkers could help to confirm the diagnosis of NPC, and may give an indication of prognostic outcomes in pharmacological trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Maura Cosseddu
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ettore Salsano
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy.
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21
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Lloyd-Evans E, Haslett LJ. The lysosomal storage disease continuum with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:104-121. [PMID: 27516378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases and diseases of ageing share many features both at the physiological level and with respect to the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Although the exact pathophysiology is not exactly the same, it is astounding how many similar pathways are altered in all of these diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the shared disease mechanisms, outlining the similarities and differences and how genetics, insight into rare diseases and functional research has changed our perspective on the causes underlying common diseases of ageing. The lysosome should no longer be considered as just the stomach of the cell or as a suicide bag, it has an emerging role in cellular signalling, nutrient sensing and recycling. The lysosome is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of diseases of ageing and by comparing against the LSDs we not only identify common pathways but also therapeutic targets so that ultimately more effective treatments can be developed for all neurodegenerative diseases.
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22
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Marshall MS, Bongarzone ER. Beyond Krabbe's disease: The potential contribution of galactosylceramidase deficiency to neuronal vulnerability in late-onset synucleinopathies. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1328-32. [PMID: 27638614 PMCID: PMC5027968 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms behind late-onset neurodegenerative diseases have come from unexpected sources in recent years. Specifically, the group of inherited metabolic disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases that most commonly affect infants has been found to have surprising similarities with adult neurodegenerative disorders. Most notable has been the identification of Gaucher's disease as a comorbidity for Parkinson's disease. Prompted by the recent identification of neuronal aggregates of α-synuclein in another lysosomal storage disease, Krabbe's disease, we propose the idea that a similar connection exists between adult synucleinopathies and Krabbe's. Similarities between the two diseases, including the pattern of α-synuclein aggregation in the brain of the twitcher mouse (the authentic murine model of Krabbe's disease), changes to lipid membrane dynamics, and possible dysfunction in synaptic function and macroautophagy, underscore a link between Krabbe's disease and late-onset synucleinopathies. Silent GALC mutations may even constitute a risk factor for the development of Parkinson's in certain patients. More research is required to identify definitively any link and the validity of this hypothesis, but such a connection would prove invaluable for developing novel therapeutic targets for Parkinson's based on our current understanding of Krabbe's disease and for establishing new biomarkers for the identification of at-risk patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Marshall
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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23
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Yáñez M, Belbin O, Estrada L, Leal N, Contreras P, Lleó A, Burgos P, Zanlungo S, Alvarez A. c-Abl links APP-BACE1 interaction promoting APP amyloidogenic processing in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2158-2167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chambers JK, Tokuda T, Uchida K, Ishii R, Tatebe H, Takahashi E, Tomiyama T, Une Y, Nakayama H. The domestic cat as a natural animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:78. [PMID: 26651821 PMCID: PMC4674944 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most dominant neurodegenerative disorder that causes dementia, and no effective treatments are available. To study its pathogenesis and develop therapeutics, animal models representing its pathologies are needed. Although many animal species develop senile plaques (SP) composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins that are identical to those found in humans, none of them exhibit neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and subsequent neurodegeneration, which are integral parts of the pathology of AD. Results The present study shows that Aβ accumulation, NFT formation, and significant neuronal loss all emerge naturally in the hippocampi of aged domestic cats. The NFT that form in the cat brain are identical to those seen in human AD in terms of their spatial distribution, the cells they affect, and the tau isoforms that comprise them. Interestingly, aged cats do not develop mature argyrophilic SP, but instead accumulate intraneuronal Aβ oligomers in their hippocampal pyramidal cells, which might be due to the amino acid sequence of felid Aβ. Conclusions These results suggest that Aβ oligomers are more important than SP for NFT formation and the subsequent neurodegeneration. The domestic cat is a unique animal species that naturally replicates various AD pathologies, especially Aβ oligomer accumulation, NFT formation, and neuronal loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0258-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Vite CH, Bagel JH, Swain GP, Prociuk M, Sikora TU, Stein VM, O'Donnell P, Ruane T, Ward S, Crooks A, Li S, Mauldin E, Stellar S, De Meulder M, Kao ML, Ory DS, Davidson C, Vanier MT, Walkley SU. Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:276ra26. [PMID: 25717099 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jessica H Bagel
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary P Swain
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Prociuk
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tracey U Sikora
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Veronika M Stein
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patricia O'Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Therese Ruane
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Ward
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Crooks
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Li
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan Stellar
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Marc De Meulder
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mark L Kao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cristin Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marie T Vanier
- INSERM U820; EA4611, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Copetti-Santos D, Moraes V, Weiler DF, de Mello AS, Machado FDS, Marinho JP, Siebert C, Kolling J, Funchal C, Wyse ATS, Coelho JC. U18666A Treatment Results in Cholesterol Accumulation, Reduced Na+, K+-ATPase Activity, and Increased Oxidative Stress in Rat Cortical Astrocytes. Lipids 2015; 50:937-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy extends the lifespan of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but many survivors develop premature impairments in cognition. These residual cognitive impairments may involve aberrant deposition of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ). By unknown mechanisms, Aβ accumulates in the lysosomal and autophagic compartments of neurons in the HIV-infected brain. Here we identify the molecular events evoked by the HIV coat protein gp120 that facilitate the intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ. We created a triple transgenic gp120/APP/PS1 mouse that recapitulates intraneuronal deposition of Aβ in a manner reminiscent of the HIV-infected brain. In cultured neurons, we found that the HIV coat protein gp120 increased the transcriptional expression of BACE1 through repression of PPARγ, and increased APP expression by promoting interaction of the translation-activating RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C with APP mRNA. APP and BACE1 were colocalized into stabilized membrane microdomains, where the β-cleavage of APP and Aβ formation were enhanced. Aβ-peptides became localized to lysosomes that were engorged with sphingomyelin and calcium. Stimulating calcium efflux from lysosomes with a TRPM1 agonist promoted calcium efflux, luminal acidification, and cleared both sphingomyelin and Aβ from lysosomes. These findings suggest that therapeutics targeted to reduce lysosomal pH in neurodegenerative conditions may protect neurons by facilitating the clearance of accumulated sphingolipids and Aβ-peptides.
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Abstract
Aging dogs and cats show neurodegenerative features that are similar to human aging and Alzheimer disease. Neuropathologic changes with age may be linked to signs of cognitive dysfunction both in the laboratory and in a clinic setting. Less is known about cat brain aging and cognition and this represents an area for further study. Neurodegenerative diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases in dogs and cats also show similar features of human aging, suggesting some common underlying pathogenic mechanisms and also suggesting pathways that can be modified to promote healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Section of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Studies - Philadelphia, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 South Limestone Street, 203 Sanders Brown Building, Lexington, KY 40515, USA.
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29
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Malnar M, Hecimovic S, Mattsson N, Zetterberg H. Bidirectional links between Alzheimer's disease and Niemann-Pick type C disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:37-47. [PMID: 24907492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease are progressive neurodegenerative diseases with very different epidemiology and etiology. AD is a common cause of dementia with a complex polyfactorial etiology, including both genetic and environmental risk factors, while NPC is a very rare autosomal recessive disease. However, the diseases share some disease-related molecular pathways, including abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and involvement of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Here we review recent studies on these pathological traits, focusing on studies of Aβ and tau pathology in NPC, and the importance of the NPC1 gene in AD. Further studies of similarities and differences between AD and NPC may be useful to increase the understanding of both these devastating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Malnar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden; UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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30
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Pastores GM, Torres PA, Zeng BJ. Animal models for lysosomal storage disorders. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:721-5. [PMID: 24010835 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) represent a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the accumulation of non-metabolized macromolecules (by-products of cellular turnover) in different tissues and organs. LSDs primarily develop as a consequence of a deficiency in a lysosomal hydrolase or its co-factor. The majority of these enzymes are glycosidases and sulfatases, which in normal conditions participate in degradation of glycoconjugates: glycoproteins, glycosaminoproteoglycans, and glycolipids. Significant insights have been gained from studies of animal models, both in understanding mechanisms of disease and in establishing proof of therapeutic concept. These studies have led to the introduction of therapy for certain LSD subtypes, primarily by enzyme replacement or substrate reduction therapy. Animal models have been useful in elucidating molecular changes, particularly prior to onset of symptoms. On the other hand, it should be noted certain animal (mouse) models may have the underlying biochemical defect, but not show the course of disease observed in human patients. There is interest in examining therapeutic options in the larger spontaneous animal models that may more closely mimic the brain size and pathology of humans. This review will highlight lessons learned from studies of animal models of disease, drawing primarily from publications in 2011-2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Pastores
- Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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31
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Shahim P, Rejdak R, Ksiazek P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Mattsson N, Rejdak K. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of β-amyloid metabolism and neuronal damage in epileptic seizures. Eur J Neurol 2013; 21:486-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Shahim
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal; Mölndal Sweden
| | - R. Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
- Medical Research Center; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - P. Ksiazek
- Department of Public Health; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - K. Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal; Mölndal Sweden
| | - H. Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal; Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lilla Weston Laboratories; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
| | - N. Mattsson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal; Mölndal Sweden
- San Francisco VA Medical Center; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - K. Rejdak
- Medical Research Center; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
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Barbero-Camps E, Fernández A, Martínez L, Fernández-Checa JC, Colell A. APP/PS1 mice overexpressing SREBP-2 exhibit combined Aβ accumulation and tau pathology underlying Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3460-76. [PMID: 23648430 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that excess brain cholesterol regulates amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, which in turn can regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Moreover, Aβ neurotoxicity is potentiated, in part, by mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) depletion. To better understand the relationship between alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we generated a triple transgenic mice featuring sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) overexpression in combination with APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mutations (APP/PS1) to examine key biochemical and functional characteristics of AD. Unlike APP/PS1 mice, APP/PS1/SREBP-2 mice exhibited early mitochondrial cholesterol loading and mGSH depletion. Moreover, β-secretase activation and Aβ accumulation, correlating with oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, were accelerated in APP/PS1/SREBP-2 mice compared with APP/PS1 mice. Triple transgenic mice displayed increased synaptotoxicity reflected by loss of synaptophysin and neuronal death, resulting in early object-recognition memory impairment associated with deficits in spatial memory. Interestingly, tau pathology was present in APP/PS1/SREBP-2 mice, manifested by increased tau hyperphosphorylation and cleavage, activation of tau kinases and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation without expression of mutated tau. Importantly, in vivo treatment with the cell permeable GSH ethyl ester, which restored mGSH levels in APP/PS1/SREBP-2 mice, partially prevented the activation of tau kinases, reduced abnormal tau aggregation and Aβ deposition, resulting in attenuated synaptic degeneration. Taken together, these results show that cholesterol-mediated mGSH depletion is a key event in AD progression, accelerating the onset of key neuropathological hallmarks of the disease. Thus, therapeutic approaches to recover mGSH may represent a relevant strategy in the treatment of AD.
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von Einem B, Weber P, Wagner M, Malnar M, Kosicek M, Hecimovic S, von Arnim CAF, Schneckenburger H. Cholesterol-dependent energy transfer between fluorescent proteins-insights into protein proximity of APP and BACE1 in different membranes in Niemann-Pick type C disease cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15801-12. [PMID: 23443094 PMCID: PMC3546662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) -based techniques have recently been applied to study the interactions between β-site APP-cleaving enzyme-GFP (BACE1-GFP) and amyloid precursor protein-mRFP (APP-mRFP) in U373 glioblastoma cells. In this context, the role of APP-BACE1 proximity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis has been discussed. FRET was found to depend on intracellular cholesterol levels and associated alterations in membrane stiffness. Here, NPC1 null cells (CHO-NPC1−/−), exhibiting increased cholesterol levels and disturbed cholesterol transport similar to that observed in Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), were used to analyze the influence of altered cholesterol levels on APP-BACE1 proximity. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of whole CHO-wild type (WT) and CHO-NPC1−/− cells (EPI-illumination microscopy), as well as their plasma membranes (total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, TIRFM), were performed. Additionally, generalized polarization (GP) measurements of CHO-WT and CHO-NPC1−/− cells incubated with the fluorescence marker laurdan were performed to determine membrane stiffness of plasma- and intracellular-membranes. CHO-NPC1−/− cells showed higher membrane stiffness at intracellular- but not plasma-membranes, equivalent to cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes/lysosomes. Along with higher membrane stiffness, the FRET efficiency between BACE1-GFP and APP-mRFP was reduced at intracellular membranes, but not within the plasma membrane of CHO-NPC1−/−. Our data show that FRET combined with TIRF is a powerful technique to determine protein proximity and membrane fluidity in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern von Einem
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Ulm University, Helmholtz Str. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; E-Mails: (B.E.); (C.A.F.A.)
| | - Petra Weber
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Anton-Huber Str. 21, 73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails: (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Anton-Huber Str. 21, 73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails: (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Martina Malnar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (M.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Marko Kosicek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (M.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (M.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Christine A. F. von Arnim
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Ulm University, Helmholtz Str. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; E-Mails: (B.E.); (C.A.F.A.)
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Institut für Angewandte Forschung, Hochschule Aalen, Anton-Huber Str. 21, 73430 Aalen, Germany; E-Mails: (P.W.); (M.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-7361-576-3401
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