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Meine BDM, de Mello JE, Custódio SV, da Silveira LM, Simões WS, Bona NP, Garcia DN, Schneider A, de Souza LP, Domingues WB, Campos VF, Spanevello RM, de Aguiar MSS, Stefanello FM. Tannic acid: A possible therapeutic agent for hypermethioninemia-induced neurochemical changes in young rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150635. [PMID: 39236587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic benefits of tannic acid (TnA) in an experimental protocol of chronic hypermethioninemia in rats. Rats were categorized into four groups: Group I - control, Group II - TnA 30 mg/kg, Group III - methionine (Met) 0.2-0.4 g/kg + methionine sulfoxide (MS) 0.05-0.1 g/kg, Group IV - TnA/Met + MS. Saline was administered by subcutaneous pathway into groups I and II twice daily from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P28, whereas those in groups III and IV received Met + MS. From P28 to P35, groups II and IV received TnA orally. Animals from group III presented cognitive and memory impairment assessed through object recognition and Y-maze tests (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of reactive species, lipid peroxidation, and nitrites followed by a decline in sulfhydryl content, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity were observed in animals treated with Met + MS (p < 0.05). However, TnA treatment reversed all these effects (p < 0.05). In group III, there was an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and IL-6 levels, coupled with a reduction in Na+/K+-ATPase activity (p < 0.05). TnA was able to protect against these effects (p < 0.05). The gene expression of catalase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was decreased in the hippocampus and striatum from group III (p < 0.05). TnA reversed almost all of these alterations (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that TnA is a therapeutic target for patients with hypermethioninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo de Moraes Meine
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Vega Custódio
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William Sanabria Simões
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Petitemberte de Souza
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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da Motta KP, Martins CC, da Rocha VME, Soares MP, Mesko MF, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA. Insights into Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Aged Rats: Wallerian Degeneration, Oxidative Damage, and Alterations in ATPase Enzymes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39207203 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate vincristine (VCR)-induced peripheral neuropathy in aged rats, a poorly understood neurotoxicity. Both young and old Wistar rats were administered VCR (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and compared to age-matched controls (0.9% saline; 10 mg/mL, i.p.). Mechanical (MN) and thermal nociceptive (TN) responses were assessed on days 0, 6, 11, and 17. Locomotor response, cognitive ability, and anxious-like behavior were evaluated on days 14, 15, and 16. Results showed MN and TN responses in both young and old VCR-exposed rats. In old rats, VCR exacerbated MN (on days 6, 11, and 17) and TN (on days 6 and 17) responses. VCR also induced cognitive impairments and anxiety-like behavior. Histological analysis revealed Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cords of VCR-exposed rats accompanied by macrophage migration. Furthermore, VCR increased Ca2+-ATPase activity while inhibiting Na+, K+-ATPase activity in young and old rats. VCR altered the homeostasis of Mg2+-ATPase activity. Lipid peroxidation and nitrite and nitrate levels increased in young and old rats exposed to VCR. This study provides valuable insights into VCR's mechanistic pathways in aged rats, emphasizing the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketlyn P da Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Box 354, CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Box 354, CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M E da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Box 354, CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro P Soares
- Regional Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Contaminant Control Laboratory in Biomaterials (LCCBio), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Box 354, CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Box 354, CEP, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Yakovlev AV, Kurmashova E, Gataulina E, Gerasimova E, Khalilov I, Sitdikova GF. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia increases seizures susceptibility of neonatal rats. Life Sci 2023; 329:121953. [PMID: 37467884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neonatal seizures are severe pathologies which may result in long-term neurological consequences. High plasma concentrations of homocysteine - hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCy) - are associated with epilepsy. In the present study, we evaluated susceptibility to seizure of neonatal rats with prenatal hHCy. MAIN METHODS Prenatal hHCy was induced by feeding females with a high-methionine diet. Experiments were performed on pups during the first three postnatal weeks. Flurothyl-induced epileptic behavior was assessed according to Racine's scale. Epileptiform activity in the hippocampus was recorded using electrophysiological methods. The balance of excitation/inhibition, functional GABAergic inhibition and GABA reversal potential in hippocampal neurons were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS Rats with hHCy developed more severe stages of behavioral patterns during flurothyl-induced epilepsy with shorter latency. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated higher background neuronal activity in rats with hHCy. Seizure-like events triggered by flurothyl (in vivo) or 4-aminopyridine (in vitro) showed shorter latency, higher power and amplitude. An increased glutamate/GABA synaptic ratio was shown in the pyramidal neurons of rats with hHCy and more slices demonstrated excitation by isoguvacine, a selective GABA(A) receptor agonist, during the first and second postnatal weeks. The GABA driving force and the reversal potential of GABA(A) currents were more positive during the second postnatal week for hHCy rats. SIGNIFICANCE The higher susceptibility to seizures in rats with prenatal hHCy due to a shift in the balance of excitation/inhibition toward excitation may underlie the clinical evidence about the association of hHCy with an increased risk of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Yakovlev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - E Kurmashova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - E Gataulina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - E Gerasimova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - I Khalilov
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, INMED UMR901 Parc scientifique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy BP13 - 13273, Marseille cedex 09, France; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - G F Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Na +/K +- and Mg 2+-ATPases and Their Interaction with AMPA, NMDA and D 2 Dopamine Receptors in an Animal Model of Febrile Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314638. [PMID: 36498965 PMCID: PMC9737571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are one of the most common seizure disorders in childhood which are classified into short and prolonged, depending on their duration. Short FS are usually considered as benign. However, epidemiological studies have shown an association between prolonged FS and temporal lobe epilepsy. The development of animal models of FS has been very useful to investigate the mechanisms and the consequences of FS. One of the most used, the "hair dryer model", has revealed that prolonged FS may lead to temporal lobe epilepsy by altering neuronal function. Several pieces of evidence suggest that Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase may play a role in this epileptogenic process. In this work, we found that hyperthermia-induced seizures (HIS) significantly increased the activity of Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase five and twenty days after hyperthermic insult, respectively. These effects were diminished in response to AMPA, D2 dopamine A1 and A2A receptors activation, respectively. Furthermore, HIS also significantly increased the protein level of the AMPA subunit GluR1. Altogether, the increased Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase agree well with the presence of protective mechanisms. However, the reduction in ATPase activities in the presence of NMDA and AMPA suggest an increased propensity for epileptic events in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-926-052-114
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Ferreira FS, Dos Santos TM, Ramires Junior OV, Silveira JS, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS. Quinolinic Acid Impairs Redox Homeostasis, Bioenergetic, and Cell Signaling in Rat Striatum Slices: Prevention by Coenzyme Q 10. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:473-484. [PMID: 35239160 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an important agonist of NMDA receptors that are found at high levels in cases of brain injury and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate neuroprotection strategies capable of neutralizing the effects of the QUIN on the brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin that has an important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This work aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 against the toxicity caused by QUIN. Striatal slices from 30-day-old Wistar rats were preincubated with CoQ10 25-100 μM for 15 min; then, QUIN 100 μM was added to the incubation medium for 30 min. A dose-response curve was used to select the CoQ10 concentration to be used in the study. Results showed that QUIN caused changes in the production of ROS, nitrite levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, and damage to proteins and lipids. CoQ10 was able to prevent the effects caused by QUIN, totally or partially, except for damage to proteins. QUIN also altered the activities of electron transport chain complexes and ATP levels, and CoQ10 prevented totally and partially these effects, respectively. CoQ10 prevented the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, but not the decrease in the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase caused by QUIN. We also observed that QUIN caused changes in the total ERK and phospho-Akt content, and these effects were partially prevented by CoQ10. These findings suggest that CoQ10 may be a promising therapeutic alternative for neuroprotection against QUIN neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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6
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Arutjunyan AV, Kerkeshko GO, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Zalozniaia IV. Prenatal Stress in Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia: Impairments in the Fetal Nervous System Development and Placental Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:716-728. [PMID: 34225594 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents current views on maternal hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) as an important factor causing prenatal stress and impaired nervous system development in fetuses and newborns in early ontogenesis, as well as complications in adulthood. Experimental data demonstrate that prenatal HHcy (PHHcy) affects the morphological maturation of the brain and activity of its neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive deficit observed in the offspring subjected to PHHcy in experimental studies can presumably cause the predisposition to various neurodegenerative diseases, as the role of maternal HHcy in the pathogenesis such diseases has been proven in clinical studies. The review also discusses molecular mechanisms of the HHcy neurotoxic action on the nervous system development in the prenatal and early postnatal periods, which include oxidative stress, apoptosis activation, changes in the DNA methylation patterns and microRNA levels, altered expression and processing of neurotrophins, and neuroinflammation induced by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Special attention is given to the maternal HHcy impact on the placenta function and its possible contribution to the brain function impairments in the offspring. Published data suggest that some effects of PHHcy on the developing fetal brain can be due to the disturbances in the transport functions of the placenta resulting in an insufficient supply of nutrients necessary for the proper formation and functioning of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. .,St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yuliya P Milyutina
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Shcherbitskaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 104223, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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7
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Zanandrea R, Wiprich MT, Altenhofen S, Rubensam G, Dos Santos TM, Wyse ATS, Bonan CD. Paternal exposure to excessive methionine altered behavior and neurochemical activities in zebrafish offspring. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1153-1167. [PMID: 34156542 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An increase in plasma L-methionine (Met) levels, even if transitory, can cause important toxicological alterations in the affected individuals. Met is essential in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and its influence on the subsequent generation has been investigated. However, few studies have explored the influence of a temporary increase in Met levels in parents on their offspring. This study evaluated the behavioral and neurochemical effects of parental exposure to high Met concentration (3 mM) in zebrafish offspring. Adult zebrafish were exposed to Met for 7 days, maintained for additional 7 days in tanks that contained only water, and then used for breeding. The offspring obtained from these fish (F1) were tested in this study. During the early stages of offspring development, morphology, heart rate, survival, locomotion, and anxiety-like behavior were assessed. When these animals reached the adult stage, locomotion, anxiety, aggression, social interaction, memory, oxidative stress, and levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters were analyzed. F1 larvae Met group presented an increase in the distance and mean speed when compared to the control group. F1 adult Met group showed decreased anxiety-like behavior and locomotion. An increase in reactive oxygen species was also observed in the F1 adult Met group whereas lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes did not change when compared to the control group. Dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and glutathione levels were increased in the F1 adult Met group. Taken together, our data show that even a transient increase in Met in parents can cause behavioral and neurochemical changes in the offspring, promoting transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências de Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681-Prédio 12, Bloco D, Sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Talita Wiprich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências de Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681-Prédio 12, Bloco D, Sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências de Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681-Prédio 12, Bloco D, Sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rubensam
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências de Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681-Prédio 12, Bloco D, Sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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8
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Dos Santos TM, Ramires Júnior OV, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Hyperhomocysteinemia alters cytokine gene expression, cytochrome c oxidase activity and oxidative stress in striatum and cerebellum of rodents. Life Sci 2021; 277:119386. [PMID: 33774024 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Homocysteine has been linked to neurodegeneration and motor function impairments. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia on the motor behavior (motor coordination, functional performance, and muscular force) and biochemical parameters (oxidative stress, energy metabolism, gene expression and/or protein abundance of cytokine related to the inflammatory pathways and acetylcholinesterase) in the striatum and cerebellum of Wistar male rats. MAIN METHODS Rodents were submitted to one injection of homocysteine (0.03 μmol Hcy/g of body weight) between 30th and 60th postnatal days twice a day. After hyperhomocysteinemia induction, rats were submitted to horizontal ladder walking, beam balance, suspension, and vertical pole tests and/or euthanized to brain dissection for biochemical and molecular assays. KEY FINDINGS Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia did not alter motor function, but induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial complex IV activity in both structures. In the striatum, hyperhomocysteinemia decreased TNF-α gene expression and increased IL-1β gene expression and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the cerebellum, hyperhomocysteinemia increased gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β, while the acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased. In both structures, hyperhomocysteinemia decreased acetylcholinesterase protein abundance without altering total p-NF-κB, NF-κB, Nrf-2, and cleaved caspase-3. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia compromises several biochemical/molecular parameters, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in the striatum and cerebellum of rats without impairing motor function. These alterations may be related to the mechanisms in which hyperhomocysteinemia has been linked to movement disorders later in life and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Wyse's Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Apical periodontitis induces changes on oxidative stress parameters and increases Na +/K +-ATPase activity in adult rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104849. [PMID: 32847752 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endodontic infection can cause systemic alterations. The involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and transmembrane enzymes compose the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. However, the relation among apical periodontitis (AP), OS parameters, and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) pump was not reported in the literature. This study evaluated the AP influence on OS parameters and NKA activity in adult rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (sixteen weeks old) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: control (CT group; n = 8) and AP (AP group; n = 9), which was induced in the first right mandibular molar tooth. After 21 days of AP induction, mandibles were dissected for radiographic analysis. In addition, the heart, liver, pancreas, and kidney were collected for analysis of endogenous OS parameters and NKA activity. Data were analyzed by Student's T-test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS AP presence increased reactive species (RS) generation only in the heart, while the other analyzed organs did not have this parameter modified. Heart and pancreas had a decreased endogenous antioxidant system (catalase activity and vitamin C levels), liver and kidney had an increased one. AP increased NKA activity in the heart, liver, and pancreas, but not in the kidney. CONCLUSION The modulation of both endogenous antioxidant defense system and NKA activity in vital organs suggested that alterations in the antioxidant status and cellular electrochemical gradient may be involved in the AP pathophysiology.
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10
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Franceschi TS, Soares MSP, Pedra NS, Bona NP, Spohr L, Teixeira FC, do Couto CAT, Spanevello RM, Deon M, Vargas CR, Braganhol E, Stefanello FM. Characterization of macrophage phenotype, redox, and purinergic response upon chronic treatment with methionine and methionine sulfoxide in mice. Amino Acids 2020; 52:629-638. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Ferreira FS, Schmitz F, Marques EP, Siebert C, Wyse ATS. Intrastriatal Quinolinic Acid Administration Impairs Redox Homeostasis and Induces Inflammatory Changes: Prevention by Kynurenic Acid. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:50-58. [PMID: 32219734 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are metabolites formed in the degradation of tryptophan (Trp). QUIN is a selective NMDA receptor antagonist and may exert neurotoxic effects, whereas KYNA is an agonist of glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors and presents antioxidant properties. KYNA/QUIN ratio is decreased in several central nervous system disorders, but the mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. In the present study, we try to determine the neuroprotective capacity of KYNA on the QUIN effects in redox homeostasis changes (H2DCF oxidation, superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, sulfhydryl content, and nitrite levels), as well as on inflammatory parameters (levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). KYNA and QUIN effects on the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were also evaluated. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats underwent stereotactic surgery and received intrastriatal injections as follows: group 1-control (PBS-injected), group 2-KYNA (100 μM), group 3-QUIN (150 nM), and group 4-KYNA + QUIN (KYNA-injected followed QUIN-injected). Results demonstrated that the KYNA administration was able to prevent the increase in reactive oxygen species, SOD/CAT ratio, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and the decrease in GPx activity, sulfhydryl content, and nitrite levels caused by QUIN. KYNA was also able to partially prevent the decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the increase in AChE activity caused by QUIN. This study may help in the elucidation of neuroprotective effects of KYNA against oxidative and inflammatory insults caused by QUIN in the striatum of young male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600- Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600- Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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12
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Silveira JS, Antunes GL, Kaiber DB, da Costa MS, Ferreira FS, Marques EP, Schmitz F, Gassen RB, Breda RV, Wyse ATS, Stein RT, Pitrez PM, da Cunha AA. Autophagy induces eosinophil extracellular traps formation and allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:267-280. [PMID: 31206674 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown autophagy participation in the immunopathology of inflammatory diseases. However, autophagy role in asthma and in eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) release is poorly understood. Here, we attempted to investigate the autophagy involvement in EETs release and in lung inflammation in an experimental asthma model. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), followed by OVA challenge. Before the challenge with OVA, mice were treated with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA). We showed that 3-MA treatment decreases the number of eosinophils, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 immunocontent in the lung. Moreover, 3-MA was able to improve oxidative stress, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity. We demonstrated that treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reduced EETs formation in the airway. On the basis of our results, 3-MA treatment can be an interesting alternative for reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and EETs formation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benvenutti Kaiber
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Severo da Costa
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vaz Breda
- School of Medicine, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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13
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Silveira JS, Antunes GL, Kaiber DB, da Costa MS, Marques EP, Ferreira FS, Gassen RB, Breda RV, Wyse ATS, Pitrez P, da Cunha AA. Reactive oxygen species are involved in eosinophil extracellular traps release and in airway inflammation in asthma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23633-23646. [PMID: 31180592 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In asthma, there are high levels of inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) formation in airway. Here, we attempted to investigate the ROS involvement in EETs release and airway inflammation in OVA-challenged mice. Before the intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA), animals were treated with two ROS inhibitors, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). We showed that NAC treatment reduced inflammatory cells in lung. DPI and NAC treatments reduced eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), goblet cells hyperplasia, proinflammatory cytokines, NFκB p65 immunocontent, and oxidative stress in lung. However, only the NAC treatment improved mitochondrial energy metabolism. Moreover, the treatments with DPI and NAC reduced EETs release in airway. This is the first study to show that ROS are needed for EETs formation in asthma. Based on our results, NAC and DPI treatments can be an interesting alternative for reducing airway inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and EETs release in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Silva Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benvenutti Kaiber
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Severo da Costa
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Science School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vaz Breda
- Institute of the Brain (INSCER), Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Disease, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pitrez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Medicine School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Ferreira FS, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Pierozan P, Schmitz F, Bertó CG, Prezzi CA, Manfredini V, Wyse ATS. Kynurenic Acid Restores Nrf2 Levels and Prevents Quinolinic Acid-Induced Toxicity in Rat Striatal Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8538-8549. [PMID: 29564809 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are metabolites produced in the degradation of tryptophan and have important neurological activities. KYNA/QUIN ratio changes are known to be associated with central nervous system disorders, such Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases. In the present study, we investigate the ability of KYNA in prevent the first events preceding QUIN-induced neurodegeneration in striatal slices of rat. We evaluated the protective effect of KYNA on oxidative status (reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, protein and DNA damage, and iNOS immunocontent), mitochondrial function (mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and respiratory chain enzymes), and Na+,K+-ATPase in striatal slices of rats treated with QUIN. Since QUIN alters the levels of Nrf2, we evaluated the influence of KYNA protection on this parameter. Striatal slices from 30-day-old Wistar rats were preincubated with KYNA (100 μM) for 15 min, followed by incubation with 100-μM QUIN for 30 min. Results showed that KYNA prevented the increase of ROS production caused by QUIN and restored antioxidant enzyme activities and the protein and lipid damage, as well as the Nrf2 levels. KYNA also prevented the effects of QUIN on mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the decrease in the activities of complex II, SDH, and Na+,K+-ATPase. We suggest that KYNA prevents changes in Nrf2 levels, oxidative imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by QUIN in striatal slices. This study elucidates some of the protective effects of KYNA against the damage caused by QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gessinger Bertó
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline Acauan Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, 118, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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15
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Pierozan P, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Schmitz F, Ferreira F, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Synergistic Toxicity of the Neurometabolites Quinolinic Acid and Homocysteine in Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes: Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2017; 34:147-163. [PMID: 29124681 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops progressive neurodegeneration linked to the formation of proteins aggregates. However, their single actions cannot explain the extent of brain damage observed in this disorder, and the characterization of co-adjuvant involved in the early toxic processes evoked in AD is essential. In this line, quinolinic acid (QUIN) and homocysteine (Hcy) appear to be involved in the AD neuropathogenesis. Herein, we investigate the effects of QUIN and Hcy on early toxic events in cortical neurons and astrocytes. Exposure of primary cortical cultures to these neurometabolites for 24 h induced concentration-dependent neurotoxicity. In addition, QUIN (25 μM) and Hcy (30 μM) triggered ROS production, lipid peroxidation, diminished of Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and morphologic alterations, culminating in reduced neuronal viability by necrotic cell death. In astrocytes, QUIN (100 μM) and Hcy (30 μM) induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and morphologic alterations through oxidative status imbalance. To establish specific mechanisms, we preincubated cell cultures with different protective agents. The combined toxicity of QUIN and Hcy was attenuated by melatonin and Trolox in neurons and by NMDA antagonists and glutathione in astrocytes. Cellular death and morphologic alterations were prevented when co-culture was treated with metabolites, suggesting the activation of protector mechanisms dependent on soluble factors and astrocyte and neuron communication through gap junctions. These findings suggest that early damaging events involved in AD can be magnified by synergistic toxicity of the QUIN and Hcy. Therefore, this study opens new possibilities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neuron-astrocyte interactions and their role in neuroprotection against QUIN and Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Isquemia Cerebral e Psicobiologia dos Transtornos Mentais, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Methionine Administration in Pregnant Rats Causes Memory Deficit in the Offspring and Alters Ultrastructure in Brain Tissue. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:239-246. [PMID: 29086391 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we evaluated the effect of gestational hypermethioninemia on locomotor activity, anxiety, memory, and exploratory behavior of rat offspring through the following behavior tests: open field, object recognition, and inhibitory avoidance. Histological analysis was also done in the brain tissue of pups. Wistar female rats received methionine (2.68 μmol/g body weight) by subcutaneous injections during pregnancy. Control rats received saline. Histological analyses were made in brain tissue from 21 and 30 days of age pups. Another group was left to recover until the 30th day of life to perform behavior tests. Results from open field task showed that pups exposed to methionine during intrauterine development spent more time in the center of the arena. In the object recognition memory task, we observed that methionine administration during pregnancy reduced total exploration time of rat offspring during training session. The test session showed that methionine reduced the recognition index. Regarding to inhibitory avoidance task, the decrease in the step-down latency at 1 and 24 h after training demonstrated that maternal hypermethioninemia impaired short-term and long-term memories of rat offspring. Electron microscopy revealed alterations in the ultrastructure of neurons at 21 and 30 days of age. Our findings suggest that the cell morphological changes caused by maternal hypermethioninemia may be, at least partially, associated to the memory deficit of rat offspring.
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Maternal Hypermethioninemia Affects Neurons Number, Neurotrophins Levels, Energy Metabolism, and Na +,K +-ATPase Expression/Content in Brain of Rat Offspring. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:980-988. [PMID: 28084592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we verified the effects of maternal hypermethioninemia on the number of neurons, apoptosis, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, energy metabolism parameters (succinate dehydrogenase, complex II, and cytochrome c oxidase), expression and immunocontent of Na+,K+-ATPase, edema formation, inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels in the encephalon from the offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the first one received saline (control) and the second group received 2.68 μmol methionine/g body weight by subcutaneous injections twice a day during gestation (approximately 21 days). After parturition, pups were killed at the 21st day of life for removal of encephalon. Neuronal staining (anti-NeuN) revealed a reduction in number of neurons, which was associated to decreased nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Maternal hypermethioninemia also reduced succinate dehydrogenase and complex II activities and increased expression and immunocontent of Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunits. These results indicate that maternal hypermethioninemia may be a predisposing factor for damage to the brain during the intrauterine life.
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Pierozan P, Biasibetti H, Schmitz F, Ávila H, Fernandes CG, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Neurotoxicity of Methylmercury in Isolated Astrocytes and Neurons: the Cytoskeleton as a Main Target. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5752-5767. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mechanistic basis of hypermethioninemia. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2479-2489. [PMID: 27465642 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypermethioninemia is a condition defined as elevated plasma methionine levels and may be a consequence of different conditions that include non-genetic and genetic causes. In severe cases, hypermethioninemia may lead to development of neurological and hepatic impairments, but mechanisms are still not well elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to reunite the knowledge acquired about the methionine-induced brain and liver toxicity focusing on the results obtained by studies from patients, in vitro experiments, and in vivo animal models. In general, some studies have shown that methionine decreases Na+,K+-ATPase activity, induces oxidative stress, increases acetylcholinesterase activity, and leads to dendritic spine downregulation in brain. Concerning to liver, hypermethioninemia seems to provoke changes in cell morphology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ATP depletion. It is possible to infer that oxidative damage is one of the most important mechanisms responsible for methionine toxicity, since different studies showed that this amino acid induces oxidative stress in brain and liver tissues. Besides, reactive oxygen species may mediate other alterations induced by methionine, such as the reduction in brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and liver inflammation.
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Rodrigues AF, Biasibetti H, Zanotto BS, Sanches EF, Pierozan P, Schmitz F, Parisi MM, Barbé‐Tuana F, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Intracerebroventricular
d
‐galactose administration impairs memory and alters activity and expression of acetylcholinesterase in the rat. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 50:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Bruna Stela Zanotto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Florencia Barbé‐Tuana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Angela T.S. Wyse
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Schweinberger BM, Turcatel E, Rodrigues AF, Wyse ATS. Gestational hypermethioninaemia alters oxidative/nitrative status in skeletal muscle and biomarkers of muscular injury and inflammation in serum of rat offspring. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:277-84. [PMID: 26303039 PMCID: PMC4693554 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated oxidative/nitrative stress parameters (reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, sulfhydryl content, superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitrite levels), as well as total protein content in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of the offspring of rats that had been subjected to gestational hypermethioninaemia. The occurrence of muscular injury and inflammation was also measured by creatine kinase activity, levels of creatinine, urea and C-reactive protein and the presence of cardiac troponin I in serum. Wistar female rats (70-90 days of age) received methionine (2.68 μmol/g body weight) or saline (control) twice a day by subcutaneous injections during the gestational period (21 days). After the rats gave birth, pups were killed at the twenty-first day of life for removal of muscle and serum. Methionine treatment increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation and decreased sulfhydryl content, antioxidant enzymes activities and nitrite levels, as well as total protein content in skeletal muscle of the offspring. Creatine kinase activity was reduced and urea and C-reactive protein levels were increased in serum of pups. These results were accompanied by reduced muscle mass. Our findings showed that maternal gestational hypermethioninaemia induced changes in oxidative/nitrative status in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of the offspring. This may represent a mechanism which can contribute to the myopathies and loss of muscular mass that is found in some hypermethioninaemic patients. In addition, we believe that these results may be relevant as gestational hypermethioninaemia could cause damage to the skeletal muscle during intrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M. Schweinberger
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Bioquímica. Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Elias Turcatel
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Bioquímica. Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - André F. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Bioquímica. Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Angela T. S. Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Bioquímica. Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
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Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine dietary nutritional overload modulates acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:99-105. [PMID: 25052005 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is the only endogenous precursor of homocysteine, sulfur-containing amino acid and well known as risk factor for various brain disorders. Acetylcholinesterase is a serine protease that rapidly hydrolyzes neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is widely distributed in different brain regions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of methionine nutritional overload on acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain. Males of Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and experimental group, fed from 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing to standard, 7.7 g/kg), respectively. On the 61st postnatal day, total homocysteine concentration was determined and showed that animals fed with methionine-enriched diet had significantly higher serum total homocysteine concentrations comparing to control rats (p < 0.01). Acetylcholinesterase activity has been determined spectrophotometrically in homogenates of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and nc. caudatus. Acetylcholinesterase activity showed tendency to decrease in all examined brain structures in experimental comparing to control rats, while statistical significance of this reduction was achieved in the cerebral cortex (p < 0.05). Brain slices were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and observed under light microscopy. Histological analysis of H&E-stained brain slices showed that there were no changes in the brain tissue of rats which were on methionine-enriched diet compared to control rats. Results of this study showed selective vulnerability of different brain regions on reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity induced by methionine-enriched diet and consecutive hyperhomocysteinemia.
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