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Emre Aydıngöz S, Teimoori A, Orhan HG, Demirtaş E, Zeynalova N. A meta-analysis of animal studies evaluating the effect of hydrogen sulfide on ischemic stroke: is the preclinical evidence sufficient to move forward? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03291-5. [PMID: 39017715 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects, including its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of stroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the sufficiency of overall preclinical evidence to guide the initiation of clinical stroke trials with H2S and provide tailored recommendations for their design. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched for studies evaluating the effect of any H2S donor on in vivo animal models of regional ischemic stroke, and 34 publications were identified. Pooling of the effect sizes using the random-effect model revealed that H2S decreased the infarct area by 34.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2-40.8%, p < 0.0001), with substantial variability among the studies (I2 = 89.8%). H2S also caused a 37.9% reduction in the neurological deficit score (95% CI 29.0-46.8%, p < 0.0001, I2 = 63.8%) and in the brain water content (3.2%, 95% CI 1.4-4.9%, p = 0.0014, I2 = 94.6%). Overall, the studies had a high risk of bias and low quality of evidence (median quality score 5/15, interquartile range 4-9). The majority of the included studies had a "high" or "unclear" risk of bias, and none of the studies overall had a "low" risk. In conclusion, H2S significantly improves structural and functional outcomes in in vivo animal models of ischemic stroke. However, the level of evidence from preclinical studies is not sufficient to proceed to clinical trials due to the low external validity, high risk of bias, and variable design of existing animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Emre Aydıngöz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ariyan Teimoori
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halit Güner Orhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Demirtaş
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nargız Zeynalova
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Yun ZS, Zhihua S, Xuelian T, Min X, Rongjing H, Mei L. Rosmarinic acid activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate CD8+ T cells and autophagy to clear Chlamydia trachomatis in reproductive tract-infected mice. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:105-114. [PMID: 38820902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which can cause diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, and cervical and fallopian tube inflammation, and poses a threat to human health. Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is an active ingredient of natural products with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the role of RosA in inhibiting autophagy-regulated immune cells-CD8+ T cells via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in a CT-infected mouse model. Mice were inoculated with CT infection solution vaginally, and the mechanistic basis of RosA treatment was established using H&E staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot. The key factors involved in RosA treatment were further validated using the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib. Experimental results showed that both RosA and the reference drug azithromycin could attenuate the pathological damage to the endometrium caused by CT infection; flow cytometry showed that peripheral blood CD8+ T cells increased after CT infection and decreased after treatment with RosA and the positive drug azithromycin (positive control); immunofluorescence showed that endometrial CD8 and LC3 increased after CT infection and decreased after RosA and positive drug treatment; the results of transmission electron microscopy showed that RosA and the positive drug azithromycin inhibited the accumulation of autophagosomes; western bolt experiments confirmed the activation of autophagy proteins LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, ATG5, Beclin-1, and p62 after CT infection, as well as the inhibition of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. RosA and azithromycin inhibition of autophagy proteins activates Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. In addition, the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib attenuated RosA's protective effect on endometrium by further activating CD8+ T cells on a CT-induced basis, while transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and western blots showed that cobimetinib blocked ERK signals activation and further induced phagocytosis on a CT-induced basis. These data indicated that RosA can activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to inhibit autophagy, and RosA could also regulate the activation of immune cells-CD8+T cells to protect the reproductive tract of CT-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Si Yun
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zhihua
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Xuelian
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Min
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Hu Rongjing
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Luo Mei
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing college of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China.
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Sun X, Wu S, Mao C, Qu Y, Xu Z, Xie Y, Jiang D, Song Y. Therapeutic Potential of Hydrogen Sulfide in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2024; 14:740. [PMID: 39062455 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a prevalent pathological condition in medical practice, presents significant treatment challenges. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), acknowledged as the third gas signaling molecule, profoundly impacts various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Extensive research has demonstrated that H2S can mitigate I/R damage across multiple organs and tissues. This review investigates the protective effects of H2S in preventing I/R damage in the heart, brain, liver, kidney, intestines, lungs, stomach, spinal cord, testes, eyes, and other tissues. H2S provides protection against I/R damage by alleviating inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress; inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial autophagy and dysfunction; and regulating microRNAs. Significant advancements in understanding the mechanisms by which H2S reduces I/R damage have led to the development and synthesis of H2S-releasing agents such as diallyl trisulfide-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DATS-MSN), AP39, zofenopril, and ATB-344, offering a new therapeutic avenue for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Sun
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Deyou Jiang
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Liu YL, Guo T, Zhang YJ, Tang SC, Zhao XM, He HY, Yu CL, Deng YH. Berberine Alleviates Ischemic Brain Injury by Enhancing Autophagic Flux via Facilitation of TFEB Nuclear Translocation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:231-252. [PMID: 38328828 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Berberine has been demonstrated to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its neuroprotective mechanism has yet to be understood. Studies have indicated that ischemic neuronal damage was frequently driven by autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction, which could be restored by boosting transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation. Therefore, this study investigated the pharmacological effects of berberine on TFEB-regulated autophagic/lysosomal signaling in neurons after cerebral stroke. A rat model of ischemic stroke and a neuronal ischemia model in HT22 cells were prepared using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. Berberine was pre-administered at a dose of 100[Formula: see text]mg/kg/d for three days in rats and 90[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M in HT22 neurons for 12[Formula: see text]h. 24[Formula: see text]h after MCAO and 2[Formula: see text]h after OGD, the penumbral tissues and OGD neurons were obtained to detect nuclear and cytoplasmic TFEB, and the key proteins in the autophagic/lysosomal pathway were examined using western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Meanwhile, neuron survival, infarct volume, and neurological deficits were assessed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. The results showed that berberine prominently facilitated TFEB nuclear translocation, as indicated by increased nuclear expression in penumbral neurons as well as in OGD HT22 cells. Consequently, both autophagic activity and lysosomal capacity were simultaneously augmented to alleviate the ischemic injury. However, berberine-conferred neuroprotection could be greatly counteracted by lysosomal inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). Meanwhile, autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) also slightly neutralized the pharmacological effect of berberine on ameliorating autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction. Our study suggests that berberine-induced neuroprotection against ischemic stroke is elicited by enhancing autophagic flux via facilitation of TFEB nuclear translocation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Cong Tang
- Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming, University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yun He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming, University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Yu
- Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming, University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hao Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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Li H, Yuan Y, Xie Q, Dong Z. Exosomes: potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38287384 PMCID: PMC10826005 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of neuropsychiatry is considered a middle ground between neurological and psychiatric disorders, thereby bridging the conventional boundaries between matter and mind, consciousness, and function. Neuropsychiatry aims to evaluate and treat cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disorders in individuals with neurological conditions. However, the pathophysiology of these disorders is not yet fully understood, and objective biological indicators for these conditions are currently lacking. Treatment options are also limited due to the blood-brain barrier, which results in poor treatment effects. Additionally, many drugs, particularly antipsychotic drugs, have adverse reactions, which make them difficult to tolerate for patients. As a result, patients often abandon treatment owing to these adverse reactions. Since the discovery of exosomes in 1983, they have been extensively studied in various diseases owing to their potential as nanocellulators for information exchange between cells. Because exosomes can freely travel between the center and periphery, brain-derived exosomes can reflect the state of the brain, which has considerable advantages in diagnosis and treatment. In addition, administration of engineered exosomes can improve therapeutic efficacy, allow lesion targeting, ensure drug stability, and prevent systemic adverse effects. Therefore, this article reviews the source and biological function of exosomes, relationship between exosomes and the blood-brain barrier, relationship between exosomes and the pathological mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders, exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and application of engineered exosomes in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Y, Omorou M, Gao M, Mu C, Xu W, Xu H. Hydrogen sulfide and its donors for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114506. [PMID: 36906977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous gas signalling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is frequently present in a variety of mammals and plays a significant role in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in large quantities as a result of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, which is a very serious class of cerebrovascular diseases. ROS cause oxidative stress and induce specific gene expression that results in apoptosis. H2S reduces cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion-induced secondary injury via anti-oxidative stress injury, suppression of the inflammatory response, inhibition of apoptosis, attenuation of cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury, modulation of autophagy, and antagonism of P2X7 receptors, and it plays an important biological role in other cerebral ischaemic injury events. Despite the many limitations of the hydrogen sulfide therapy delivery strategy and the difficulty in controlling the ideal concentration, relevant experimental evidence demonstrating that H2S plays an excellent neuroprotective role in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). This paper examines the synthesis and metabolism of the gas molecule H2S in the brain as well as the molecular mechanisms of H2S donors in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury and possibly other unknown biological functions. With the active development in this field, it is expected that this review will assist researchers in their search for the potential value of hydrogen sulfide and provide new ideas for preclinical trials of exogenous H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Huang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Moussa Omorou
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chenxi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weijing Xu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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Deng G, Muqadas M, Adlat S, Zheng H, Li G, Zhu P, Nasser MI. Protective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:15-25. [PMID: 35066714 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain is the most sensitive organ to hypoxia in the human body. Hypoxia in the brain will lead to damage to local brain tissue. When the blood supply of ischemic brain tissue is restored, the damage will worsen, that is, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signal molecule and a novel endogenous neuroregulator. Indeed, different concentrations of H2S have different effects on neurons. Low concentration of H2S can play an important protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing anti-oxidative stress injury, inhibition of inflammatory response, inhibition of cell apoptosis, reduction of cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury, regulation of autophagy, and other ways, which provides a new idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. This review aims to report the recent research progress on the dual effect of H2S on brain tissue during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Masood Muqadas
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Salah Adlat
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Zheng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 ZhongshanEr Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Aschner M, Skalny AV, Ke T, da Rocha JBT, Paoliello MMB, Santamaria A, Bornhorst J, Rongzhu L, Svistunov AA, Djordevic AB, Tinkov AA. Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Signaling as a Protective Mechanism against Endogenous and Exogenous Neurotoxicants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1908-1924. [PMID: 35236265 PMCID: PMC9886801 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the significant role of H2S in brain functioning, it is proposed that H2S may also possess protective effects against adverse effects of neurotoxicants. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the neuroprotective effects of H2S against toxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous agents involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as etiological factors or key players in disease pathogenesis. Generally, the existing data demonstrate that H2S possesses neuroprotective effects upon exposure to endogenous (amyloid β, glucose, and advanced-glycation end-products, homocysteine, lipopolysaccharide, and ammonia) and exogenous (alcohol, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, metals, 6-hydroxydopamine, as well as 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP)) neurotoxicants. On the one hand, neuroprotective effects are mediated by S-sulfhydration of key regulators of antioxidant (Sirt1, Nrf2) and inflammatory response (NF-κB), resulting in the modulation of the downstream signaling, such as SIRT1/TORC1/CREB/BDNF-TrkB, Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, or other pathways. On the other hand, H2S appears to possess a direct detoxicative effect by binding endogenous (ROS, AGEs, Aβ) and exogenous (MeHg) neurotoxicants, thus reducing their toxicity. Moreover, the alteration of H2S metabolism through the inhibition of H2S-synthetizing enzymes in the brain (CBS, 3-MST) may be considered a significant mechanism of neurotoxicity. Taken together, the existing data indicate that the modulation of cerebral H2S metabolism may be used as a neuroprotective strategy to counteract neurotoxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicants associated with neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), fetal alcohol syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, environmental neurotoxicant exposure, etc. In this particular case, modulation of H2S-synthetizing enzymes or the use of H2S-releasing drugs should be considered as the potential tools, although the particular efficiency and safety of such interventions are to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-mail
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Li L, Lin L, Lei S, Shi S, Chen C, Xia Z. Maslinic Acid Inhibits Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis and Necroptosis via Promoting Autophagic Flux. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:487-497. [PMID: 35475713 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy are the major programmed cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Maslinic acid (MA) has been found to regulate pathophysiological processes that mediate programmed cell death in MIRI, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. However, its effects on MIRI remain unclear. This study intends to explore the role of MA in MIRI. In vitro, MA had no obvious cytotoxic effects on H9C2 cells, and significantly improved the impaired cell viability caused by hypoxia reoxygenation (HR). In vivo, MA significantly alleviated ischemia reperfusion (IR)-induced left ventricular myocardial tissue injury, downregulated creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum as well as reducing infarct size. Moreover, MA inhibited HR-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and necroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Of interest, MA interacts with lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). MA protected LAMP2 from IR and promoting autophagic flux to inhibit apoptosis and necroptosis, whereas these effects were reversed by co-treatment with lysosomal inhibitor BarfA1. In conclusion, MA can inhibit MIRI-induced apoptosis and necroptosis by promoting autophagic flux. These results support that MA is a potential agent to ameliorate MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, YiChang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, YiChang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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D-Cysteine Activates Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells via the Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nrf2 Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071230. [PMID: 35406792 PMCID: PMC8997644 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a pathway in the autophagy-lysosome protein degradation system. CMA impairment has been implicated to play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) pathogenesis. D-cysteine is metabolized by D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), leading to hydrogen sulfide generation in the cerebellum. Although D-cysteine alleviates the disease phenotypes in SCA-model mice, it remains unknown how hydrogen sulfide derived from D-cysteine exerts this effect. In the present study, we investigated the effects of D-cysteine and hydrogen sulfide on CMA activity using a CMA activity marker that we have established. D-cysteine activated CMA in Purkinje cells (PCs) of primary cerebellar cultures where DAO was expressed, while it failed to activate CMA in DAO-deficient AD293 cells. In contrast, Na2S, a hydrogen sulfide donor, activated CMA in both PCs and AD293 cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is known to be activated by hydrogen sulfide and regulate CMA activity. An Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385, prevented CMA activation triggered by D-cysteine and Na2S. Additionally, long-term treatment with D-cysteine increased the amounts of Nrf2 and LAMP2A, a CMA-related protein, in the mouse cerebellum. These findings suggest that hydrogen sulfide derived from D-cysteine enhances CMA activity via Nrf2 activation.
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GSK-3β inhibition elicits a neuroprotection by restoring lysosomal dysfunction in neurons via facilitation of TFEB nuclear translocation after ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2021; 1778:147768. [PMID: 34968440 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction is an essential pathogenesis of autophagic neuronal injury after ischemic stroke. As a result of cerebral ischemia, transcription factor EB (TFEB) is greatly phosphorylated by prominently activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). This increased TFEB phosphorylation decreases its nuclear translocation and subsequently leads to reduced lysosomal biosynthesis, which ultimately results in lysosomal dysfunction. The present study is to investigate whether the lysosomal dysfunction in neurons can be restored to alleviate post-stroke damage by GSK-3β inhibition. The GSK-3β activity was inhibited by pre-treatment with CHIR-99021 (CHIR) for 3 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery in rats. Besides, the lysosomal capacity was altered by pre-administration with Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) and EN6, respectively. Twenty-four hours after MCAO/reperfusion, the penumbral tissues were obtained to detect the GSK-3β, cytoplasmic and nuclear TFEB, and proteins in autophagic/lysosomal pathway by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Meanwhile, the infarct volume, neurological deficits and neuron survival were assessed to evaluate the neurological outcomes elicited by GSK-3β inhibition. The results demonstrated that the neurological injury could be significantly mitigated by GSK-3β inhibition in MCAO+CHIR group, compared with that in MCAO group. Moreover, CHIR-facilitated TFEB nuclear translocation in neurons was coupled with reinforced lysosomal activities and attenuated autophagic substrates. However, GSK-3β inhibition-induced neuroprotection was greatly counteracted by Baf-A1-weakened lysosomal capacity. Conversely, EN6-reinforced lysosomal activities further ameliorated the autophagic/lysosomal signaling, and synergistically alleviated the neurological damage upon GSK-3β inhibition after MCAO/reperfusion. Our data suggests that GSK-3β inhibition-augmented neuroprotection against ischemic stroke is elicited by restoring the lysosomal dysfunction in neurons.
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Melibiose Confers a Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Autophagy Flux via Facilitation of TFEB Nuclear Translocation in Neurons. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090948. [PMID: 34575099 PMCID: PMC8465207 DOI: 10.3390/life11090948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction is a critical pathogenesis of neuronal injury after ischemic stroke. Trehalose has been validated to restore the impaired autophagy flux by boosting transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation, but orally administrated trehalose can be greatly digested by intestinal trehalase before entering into brain. Melibiose (MEL), an analogue of trehalose, may thoroughly exert its pharmacological effects through oral administration due to absence of intestinal melibiase. The present study was to investigate whether melibiose could also confer a neuroprotection by the similar pharmacological mechanism as trehalose did after ischemic stroke. The rats were pretreated with melibiose for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Twenty-four hours following MCAO/reperfusion, the cytoplasmic and nuclear TFEB, and the proteins in autophagic/lysosomal pathway at the penumbra were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Meanwhile, the neurological deficit, neuron survival, and infarct volume were assessed to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes. The results showed that the neurological injury was significantly mitigated in MCAO+MEL group, compared with that in MCAO group. Meanwhile, nuclear TFEB expression in neurons at the penumbra was significantly promoted by melibiose. Moreover, melibiose treatment markedly enhanced autophagy flux, as reflected by the reinforced lysosomal capacity and reduced autophagic substrates. Furthermore, the melibiose-elicited neuroprotection was prominently counteracted by lysosomal inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). Contrarily, reinforcement of lysosomal capacity with EN6 further improved the neurological performance upon melibiose treatment. Our data suggests that melibiose-augmented neuroprotection may be achieved by ameliorating autophagy flux via facilitation of TFEB nuclear translocation in neurons after ischemic stroke.
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MUNTEANU C, MUNTEANU D, ONOSE G. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - therapeutic relevance in rehabilitation and balneotherapy Systematic literature review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA paradig. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. An active molecule in sulfurous mineral - therapeutic waters and also in sapropelic mud is H2S, a hormetic gaseous molecule that can actively penetrate the skin. While high levels of H2S are extremely toxic, low levels are tolerated and have potential cytoprotective effects, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant applications.
Objective. This systematic review aims to rigorously select related articles and identify within their content the main possible uses of hydrogen sulfide from balneary sources and to explain its physiological mechanisms and therapeutic properties.
Methods. To elaborate our systematic review, we have searched for relevant open access articles in 6 international databases: Cochrane , Elsevier , NCBI/PubMed , NCBI/PMC , PEDro , and ISI Web of Knowledge/Science , published from January 2016 until July 2021. The contextually quested keywords combinations/ syntaxes used are specified on this page. The eligible articles were analyzed in detail regarding pathologies addressed by hydrogen sulfide. All articles with any design (reviews, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies), if eligible according to the above-mentioned selection methodology, containing in the title the selected combinations, were included in the analysis. Articles were excluded in the second phase if they did not reach the relevance criterion.
Results. Our search identified, first, 291 articles. After eliminating the duplicates and non-ISI articles, remained 121 papers. In the second phase, we applied a PEDro selection filter, resulting in 108 articles that passed the relevance criterion and were included in this systematic review.
Conclusions. H2S biology and medical relevance are not fully understood and used adequately for sanogenic or medical purposes. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and importance of this therapeutic gase. The link between balneotherapy and medical rehabilitation regarding the usage of hydrogen sulfide emphasises the unity for this medical speciality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin MUNTEANU
- 1 University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa, 16 University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana MUNTEANU
- National Institute of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu ONOSE
- Teaching Emergency Hospital ”Bagdasar-Arseni”, Bucharest, Romania , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Carol Davila”, Bucharest,
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Zhu J, Ligi S, Yang G. An evolutionary perspective on the interplays between hydrogen sulfide and oxygen in cellular functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108920. [PMID: 34019852 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological effects of the endogenously generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been extensively studied in recent years. This review summarized the role of H2S in the origin of life and H2S metabolism in organisms from bacteria to vertebrates, examined the relationship between H2S and oxygen from an evolutionary perspective and emphasized the oxygen-dependent manner of H2S signaling in various physiological and pathological processes. H2S and oxygen are inextricably linked in various cellular functions. H2S is involved in aerobic respiration and stimulates oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production within the cell. Besides, H2S has protective effects on ischemia and reperfusion injury in several organs by acting as an oxygen sensor. Also, emerging evidence suggests the role of H2S is in an oxygen-dependent manner. All these findings indicate the subtle relationship between H2S and oxygen and further explain why H2S, a toxic molecule thriving in an anoxia environment several billion years ago, still affects homeostasis today despite the very low content in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Samantha Ligi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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Lv S, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role Through Regulating Autophagy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681676. [PMID: 34055892 PMCID: PMC8155623 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by limiting blood supply to organs, then restoring blood flow and reoxygenation. It leads to many diseases, including acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, ischemic stroke, trauma, and sickle cell disease. Autophagy is an important and conserved cellular pathway, in which cells transfer the cytoplasmic contents to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in maintaining the balance of cell synthesis, decomposition and reuse, and participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), along with carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), is an important gas signal molecule and regulates various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, there are many studies on the improvement of I/R injury by H2S through regulating autophagy, but the related mechanisms are not completely clear. Therefore, we summarize the related research in the above aspects to provide theoretical reference for future in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Xu ZQ, Zhang JJ, Kong N, Zhang GY, Ke P, Han T, Su DF, Liu C. Autophagy is Involved in Neuroprotective Effect of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676589. [PMID: 33995108 PMCID: PMC8117007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) belongs to the superfamily of cys loop cationic ligand-gated channels, which consists of homogeneous α7 subunits. Although our lab found that activation of α7nAChR could alleviate ischemic stroke, the mechanism is still unknown. Herein, we explored whether autophagy is involved in the neuroprotective effect mediated by α7nAChR in ischemic stroke. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD/R) exposure were applied to in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke, respectively. Neurological deficit score and infarct volume were used to evaluate outcomes of tMCAO in the in vivo study. Autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot, and autophagy flux was detected by using tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus. At 24 h after tMCAO, α7nAChR knockout mice showed worse neurological function and larger infarct volume than wild-type mice. PNU282987, an α7nAChR agonist, protected against OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, enhanced autophagy, and promoted autophagy flux. However, the beneficial effects of PNU282987 were eliminated by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. Moreover, we found that PNU282987 treatment could activate the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway in the in vitro study, while the effect was attenuated by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. Our results demonstrated that the beneficial effect on neuronal survival via activation of α7nAChR was associated with enhanced autophagy, and the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway was involved in α7nAChR activation-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Kang X, Li C, Xie Y, He LL, Xiao F, Zhan KB, Tang YY, Li X, Tang XQ. Hippocampal ornithine decarboxylase/spermidine pathway mediates H 2S-alleviated cognitive impairment in diabetic rats: Involving enhancment of hippocampal autophagic flux. J Adv Res 2020; 27:31-40. [PMID: 33318864 PMCID: PMC7728590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously demonstrated the antagonistic role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cognitive dysfunction of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. It has been confirmed that the impaired hippocampal autophagic flux has a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)/spermidine (Spd) pathway plays an important role in the formation of memory by promoting autophagic flux. Objectives To investigate the roles of hippocampal ODC/Spd pathway and autophagic flux in H2S-attenuated cognitive impairment in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods Cognitive function is judged by the novel objective recognition task (NOR), the Y-maze, and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests. The ODC/Spd pathway in hippocampus was evaluated using the expression of ODC detected by western blot and the level of Spd assayed by GC-MS. Autophagic flux was assessed using the expressions of Beclin-1, LC3II/I, and P62 detected by western blot, and the number of autophagosomes observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) markedly improved the autophagic flux in the hippocampus of STZ-exposed rats, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of autophagosomes as wells as downregulations in the expressions of LC3-II, Beclin-1, and P62 in the hippocampus of cotreatment with NaHS and STZ rats. NaHS also up-regulated the expression of ODC and the level of Spd in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, inhibited hippocampal ODC/Spd pathway by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) markedly reversed the protections of NaHS against the hippocampal autophagic flux impairment as well as the cognitive dysfunction in STZ-exposed rats. Conclusion These findings indicated that improving hippocampal autophagic flux plays a key role in H2S-attenuated cognitive impairment in STZ-induced diabetic rats, as results of up-regulating hippocampal ODC/Spd pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Emergency Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ling-Li He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yi-Yun Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China
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Ahsan A, Zheng Y, Ma S, Liu M, Cao M, Li Y, Zheng W, Zhou X, Xin M, Hu WW, Chen Z, Zhang X. Tomatidine protects against ischemic neuronal injury by improving lysosomal function. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173280. [PMID: 32580039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a severe neurological disorder with limited therapy. Autophagy refers to the intracellular degradation process via an autophagosome-lysosome pathway. Emerging studies indicated the neuroprotective effects of autophagy against ischemic neuronal injury, suggesting the potential neuroprotection of autophagy-inducing compounds. Tomatidine is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite from unripe tomatoes. Tomatidine activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans. However, potential neuroprotection of tomatidine against ischemic neuronal injury has not been determined. In the present investigation, N2a cells and primary cultured mice cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R). Cell injury was determined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were visualized by transfecting mCherry-GFP-tandem fluorescent LC3. The protein levels of LC3, Cathepsin D, Cathepsin B, and transcription factor EB (TFEB) were detected by Western blot. Lysosomes were stained with LysoTracker Red and dequenched-bovine serum albumin (DQ-BSA red). Tomatidine alleviated OGD/R-induced injury in N2a cells and neurons. Interestingly, tomatidine treatment attenuated, rather than reinforced, the OGD/R-elevated LC3-II, which can be reversed by lysosome inhibitor. These results indicated enhanced lysosomal activity rather than autophagosome generation with tomatidine treatment in our models. Indeed, tomatidine increased the lysosome number, proteolytic activities, as well as the expression of Cathepsin D and Cathepsin B. In addition, tomatidine increased the expression and nucleus translocation of (TFEB). Besides, lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin, but not wortmannin, abolished the protection of tomatidine. In conclusion, the present study revealed the neuroprotection of tomatidine against ischemic injury by promoting lysosomal activity, possibly with the involvement of TFEB-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Ahsan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shijia Ma
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wanqing Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minhang Xin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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GYY4137 protects against MCAO via p38 MAPK mediated anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yamada D, Kawabe K, Tosa I, Tsukamoto S, Nakazato R, Kou M, Fujikawa K, Nakamura S, Ono M, Oohashi T, Kaneko M, Go S, Hinoi E, Yoneda Y, Takarada T. Inhibition of the glutamine transporter SNAT1 confers neuroprotection in mice by modulating the mTOR-autophagy system. Commun Biol 2019; 2:346. [PMID: 31552299 PMCID: PMC6751179 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in neurodegenerative diseases is established, but possible therapeutic targets responsible for its activation in neurons must be explored. Here we identified solute carrier family 38a member 1 (SNAT1, Slc38a1) as a positive regulator of mTORC1 in neurons. Slc38a1flox/flox and Synapsin I-Cre mice were crossed to generate mutant mice in which Slc38a1 was selectively deleted in neurons. Measurement of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) or the MAP2-negative area in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) revealed that Slc38a1 deficiency decreased infarct size. We found a transient increase in the phosphorylation of p70S6k1 (pp70S6k1) and a suppressive effect of rapamycin on infarct size in MCAO mice. Autophagy inhibitors completely mitigated the suppressive effect of SNAT1 deficiency on neuronal cell death under in vitro stroke culture conditions. These results demonstrate that SNAT1 promoted ischemic brain damage via mTOR-autophagy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabe
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Ikue Tosa
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Shunpei Tsukamoto
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Miki Kou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Koichi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Saki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shioi Go
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
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Wen JY, Gao SS, Chen FL, Chen S, Wang M, Chen ZW. Role of CSE-Produced H 2S on Cerebrovascular Relaxation via RhoA-ROCK Inhibition and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1565-1574. [PMID: 30406996 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CSE-produced H2S on cerebrovascular relaxation and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was investigated using CSE knockout (CSE-/-) and wild-type (CSE+/+) mice. The relaxation of the cerebral basilar artery (BA) to CSE-produced H2S and its mechanism were detected. The results revealed that both NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2S, and ROCK inhibitor Y27632 could induce significant relaxation of the BA, but the relaxation of the BA to NaHS was significantly attenuated by Y27632. In addition, removal of endothelium could reduce the relaxation of the BA to Y27632; CSE knockout also significantly attenuated Y27632-induced BA relaxation with endothelium rather than without endothelium. By contrast, the contraction of the BA from CSE-/- mice to RhoA agonist LPA or U46619 was stronger than that from CSE+/+ mice. Furthermore, RhoA activity and ROCK protein expression remarkably increased in the BA vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from CSE-/- mouse, which were inhibited by NaHS pretreatment. These findings revealed that the CSE-produced H2S induced cerebrovascular relaxation is generated from endothelial cells and the mechanism of vascular relaxation may relate to inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway. We next sought to confirm the protective effect of CSE-produced H2S on cerebral I/R injury produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. We investigated the changes of neurological deficit, cerebral infarct, brain water content, LDH decrease, MDA increase as well as impairment of learning and memory function. The results showed that the cerebral injury became more grievous in CSE-/-mice than that in CSE+/+mice, which could be remarkably alleviated by NaHS pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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22
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Zhou J, Lv XH, Fan JJ, Dang LY, Dong K, Gao B, Song AQ, Wu WN. GYY4137 Promotes Mice Feeding Behavior via Arcuate Nucleus Sulfur-Sulfhydrylation and AMPK Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:966. [PMID: 30186182 PMCID: PMC6111581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous molecule and plays important biological and neurochemical roles in many processes such as the neural activity and immunity. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus is a control center for appetite and energy metabolism. AMPK is a gage kinase in the monitoring of energy status and regulation of energy metabolism, and it can be activated by H2S via CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. But the role of H2S in ARC and appetite has not been reported. Here we studied the orexigenic effect of H2S and the mechanisms by means of GYY4137, a water soluble and slow-releasing donor of H2S, and protein sulfur-sulfhydrylation analysis. We demonstrated that GYY4137-derived H2S increased food intake of mice, augmented the production of neuropeptide Y (NPY), and elevated the protein sulfur-sulfhydrylation level and the activation of AMPK and CaMKKβ in ARC. Blocking sulfur-sulfhydrylation with DTT eliminated GYY4137-induced activation of AMPK and CaMKKβ. DTT and preventing AMPK activation in ARC with Compound C and Ara-A could both attenuate the orexigenic effect of GYY4137. These findings suggest that H2S enhances appetite through protein sulfur-sulfhydrylation and the activation of AMPK and NPY function in ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Juan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Yun Dang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ao-Qi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ning Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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Wolf MS, Bayır H, Kochanek PM, Clark RSB. The role of autophagy in acute brain injury: A state of flux? Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:9-15. [PMID: 29704549 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is established that increased autophagy is readily detectable after various types of acute brain injury, including trauma, focal and global cerebral ischemia. What remains controversial, however, is whether this heightened detection of autophagy in brain represents a homeostatic or pathologic process, or an epiphenomenon. The ultimate role of autophagy after acute brain injury likely depends upon: 1) the degree of brain injury and the overall autophagic burden; 2) the capacity of individual cell types to ramp up autophagic flux; 3) the local redox state and signaling of parallel cell death pathways; 4) the capacity to eliminate damage associated molecular patterns and toxic proteins and metabolites both intra- and extracellularly; and 5) the timing of the pro- or anti-autophagic intervention. In this review, we attempt to reconcile conflicting studies that support both a beneficial and detrimental role for autophagy in models of acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wolf
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Brain Care Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Brain Care Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Brain Care Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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