1
|
Intellectual Disability and Brain Creatine Deficit: Phenotyping of the Genetic Mouse Model for GAMT Deficiency. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081201. [PMID: 34440375 PMCID: PMC8391262 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT-D) is one of three cerebral creatine (Cr) deficiency syndromes due to pathogenic variants in the GAMT gene (19p13.3). GAMT-D is characterized by the accumulation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and the depletion of Cr, which result in severe global developmental delay (and intellectual disability), movement disorder, and epilepsy. The GAMT knockout (KO) mouse model presents biochemical alterations in bodily fluids, the brain, and muscles, including increased GAA and decreased Cr and creatinine (Crn) levels, which are similar to those observed in humans. At the behavioral level, only limited and mild alterations have been reported, with a large part of analyzed behaviors being unaffected in GAMT KO as compared with wild-type mice. At the cerebral level, decreased Cr and Crn and increased GAA and other guanidine compound levels have been observed. Nevertheless, the effects of Cr deficiency and GAA accumulation on many neurochemical, morphological, and molecular processes have not yet been explored. In this review, we summarize data regarding behavioral and cerebral GAMT KO phenotypes, and focus on uncharted behavioral alterations that are comparable with the clinical symptoms reported in GAMT-D patients, including intellectual disability, poor speech, and autistic-like behaviors, as well as unexplored Cr-induced cerebral alterations.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yi-Dan H, Ying-Xin Z, Shi-Wei Y, Yu-Jie Z. High-Energy Phosphates and Ischemic Heart Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:675608. [PMID: 34395552 PMCID: PMC8355518 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.675608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between clinical and basic research through providing a comprehensive and concise description of the cellular and molecular aspects of cardioprotective mechanisms and a critical evaluation of the clinical evidence of high-energy phosphates (HEPs) in ischemic heart disease (IHD). According to the well-documented physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological properties of HEPs, exogenous creatine phosphate (CrP) may be considered as an ideal metabolic regulator. It plays cardioprotection roles from upstream to downstream of myocardial ischemia through multiple complex mechanisms, including but not limited to replenishment of cellular energy. Although exogenous CrP administration has not been shown to improve long-term survival, the beneficial effects on multiple secondary but important outcomes and short-term survival are concordant with its pathophysiological and pharmacological effects. There is urgent need for high-quality multicentre RCTs to confirm long-term survival improvement in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi-Dan
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ying-Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shi-Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yu-Jie
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alfaro GF, Novak TE, Rodning SP, Moisá SJ. Preconditioning beef cattle for long-duration transportation stress with rumen-protected methionine supplementation: A nutrigenetics study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235481. [PMID: 32614880 PMCID: PMC7332072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In general, beef cattle long-distance transportation from cow-calf operations to feedlots or from feedlots to abattoirs is a common situation in the beef industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on a proposed gene network for muscle fatigue, creatine synthesis (CKM), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism after a transportation simulation in a test track. Angus × Simmental heifers (n = 18) were stratified by body weight (408 ± 64 kg; BW) and randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 1) control diet (CTRL) or 2) control diet + 8 gr/hd/day of top-dressed rumen-protected methionine (RPM). After an adaptation period to Calan gates, animals received the mentioned dietary treatment consisting of Bermuda hay ad libitum and a soy hulls and corn gluten feed based supplement. After 45 days of supplementation, animals were loaded onto a trailer and transported for 22 hours (long-term transportation). Longissimus muscle biopsies, BW and blood samples were obtained on day 0 (Baseline), 43 (Pre-transport; PRET), and 46 (Post-transport; POST). Heifers' average daily gain did not differ between baseline and PRET. Control heifer's shrink was 10% of BW while RPM heifers shrink was 8%. Serum cortisol decreased, and glucose and creatine kinase levels increased after transportation, but no differences were observed between treatments. Messenger RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle tissue and gene expression analysis was performed by RT-qPCR. Results showed that AHCY and DNMT3A (DNA methylation), SSPN (Sarcoglycan complex), and SOD2 (Oxidative Stress-ROS) were upregulated in CTRL between baseline and PRET and, decreased between pre and POST while they remained constant for RPM. Furthermore, CKM was not affected by treatments. In conclusion, RPM supplementation may affect ROS production and enhance DNA hypermethylation, after a long-term transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón F. Alfaro
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Taylor E. Novak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Soren P. Rodning
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Sonia J. Moisá
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oral supplementation of Ficus religiosa leaf extract adversely affects the selected behavioral aspects of male albino mice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
5
|
Jensen M, Müller C, Schwedhelm E, Arunachalam P, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Gerloff C, Zeller T, Choe CU. Homoarginine- and Creatine-Dependent Gene Regulation in Murine Brains with l-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051865. [PMID: 32182846 PMCID: PMC7084559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to stroke pathology in both human and mouse studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. To investigate transcriptional changes in cerebral AGAT metabolism, we applied a transcriptome analysis in brains of wild-type (WT) mice compared to untreated AGAT-deficient (AGAT−/−) mice and AGAT−/− mice with creatine or hArg supplementation. We identified significantly regulated genes between AGAT−/− and WT mice in two independent cohorts of mice which can be linked to amino acid metabolism (Ivd, Lcmt2), creatine metabolism (Slc6a8), cerebral myelination (Bcas1) and neuronal excitability (Kcnip3). While Ivd and Kcnip3 showed regulation by hArg supplementation, Bcas1 and Slc6a8 were creatine dependent. Additional regulated genes such as Pla2g4e and Exd1 need further evaluation of their influence on cerebral function. Experimental stroke models showed a significant regulation of Bcas1 and Slc6a8. Together, these results reveal that AGAT deficiency, hArg and creatine regulate gene expression in the brain, which may be critical in stroke pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Märit Jensen
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53770
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akram IN, Akhtar S, Khadija G, Awais MM, Latif M, Noreen A, Mobeen M, Sajjad F, Sardar Z, Iqbal S, Ashiq MN, Iqbal F. Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of lanthanum titanate nanoparticles in albino mice in a sex-specific manner. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1089-1101. [PMID: 31940053 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report the synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of lanthanum titanate nanoparticles (LT NPs) in albino mice. Microemulsion method was used to generate LT NPs. Seven-week-old albino mice of both sexes orally received 50 mg/ml saline/kg body weight of nanoparticles for 15 days (group 1) and 29 days (group 2). Control groups were maintained in parallel. Selected behavioral (rotarod, light and dark box, open-field and Morris water maze) tests were conducted, blood biochemical analysis was done, and antioxidants were determined in vital organs of all treatments. Male mice treated with LT NPs for 15 days spent significantly more time in light and less time in dark during light dark box test. While they had made significantly more platform entries and platform maximum visits during acquisition phase of Morris water maze test, they remained unaffected in probe trail performance when compared with control. These male mice had significantly reduced white blood cells, lymphocyte, and monocyte count and significantly increased triglyceride levels in serum than the control group. They had higher level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in heart and reduced level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in kidney while 15-day LT NP-treated females had significantly higher level of SOD in liver and kidney. Male mice treated with NPs for 29 days had increased anticlockwise rotations during open field, reduced level of triglycerides in serum, and significantly higher level of SOD in kidney and MDA in lungs. In contrast, female mice treated with NPs for 29 days had higher SOD level in liver, kidney, and heart than their control group. Oral supplementation of LT NPs for variable duration improved the exploratory behavior in male but disturbed blood chemistry and antioxidants from vital organs under both experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz Akram
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sana Akhtar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Khadija
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Awais
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aasia Noreen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Mobeen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Sajjad
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Sardar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aftab MN, Akram IN, Khosa T, Zahra SQ, Bashir I, Ashiq MN, Iqbal F. Oral supplementation of Lanthanum Zirconate nanoparticles moderately affected behavior but drastically disturbed leukocyte count, serum cholesterol levels and antioxidant parameters from vital organs of albino mice in a gender specific manner. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1421-1429. [PMID: 29786767 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum Zirconate nanoparticles (NPs) are used in blades of gas turbine engines to thermally insulate them and to protect them against hot and corrosive gas streams. However, the information regarding their biocompatibility is limited. The present study was aimed to report the effect of Lanthanum Zirconate NPs on selected aspects of behavior, serum biochemistry, complete blood count and antioxidant parameters from vital organs of albino mice in a gender specific manner. Albino mice, seven weeks old, were orally treated with 75 mg/ml solvent/Kg body weight of Lanthanum Zirconate nanoparticles for consecutive 22 days. Saline treated control groups were maintained in parallel. It was observed that rearing frequency was significantly decreased (P = 0.01) in NPs treated male mice. Complete blood count analysis indicated that NPs treated female mice had significantly reduced white blood cells (P = 0.05) and lymphocytes count (P = 0.03). NPs treated male had significantly reduced serum cholesterol levels (P = 0.05) than control group. It was observed that Superoxide dismutase concentrations in liver (P = 0.025) and kidney (P = 0.008), Malondialdehyde concentrations in liver (P = 0.044) of female and Malondialdehyde concentrations in kidney (P < 0.001) and brain (P < 0.001) and catalase concentrations in liver (P = 0.05) of NPs treated male mice were significantly higher than their respective control groups.. In conclusion, we are reporting that oral supplementation with 75 mg/ml solvent/Kg body weight of Lanthanum Zirconate nanoparticles can affect the behavior, leukocyte count, serum cholesterol and antioxidant metabolites from vital organs of albino mice in a gender specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazar Aftab
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Irum Naz Akram
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tafheem Khosa
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Qandeel Zahra
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Irum Bashir
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|