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Arunachalam P, Venkatakrishnan P, Janakiraman N, Sangeetha S. Detection of Structure Characteristics and Its Discontinuity Based Field Programmable Gate Array Processor in Cancer Cell by Wavelet Transform. j med imaging hlth inform 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Digital clinical histopathology is one of the crucial techniques for precise cancer cell diagnosing in modern medicine. The Synovial Sarcoma (SS) cancer cell patterns seem to be a spindle shaped cell (SSC) structure and it is very difficult to identify the exact oval shaped cell
structure through pathologist’s eye perception. Meanwhile, there is necessitating for monitoring and securing the successful and effective image data processing in the the huge network data which is also a complex one. A field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was regarded as a necessary
one for this. In this work, based on FPGA a Cancer Cell classification is made for the regulation and execution. Hence, mathematically the SSC regularity structures and its discontinuities are measured by the holder exponent (HE) function. In this research work, HE values have been
determined by Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) and Wavelet Leader (WL) methods with basis function of Haar wavelet based on FPGA Processor. The quantitative parameters such as Mean of Asymptotic Discontinuity (MAD), Mean of Removable Discontinuity (MRD) and Number of Discontinuity Points
(NDPs) have been considered to determine the prediction of discontinuity detection between WTMM and WL methods. With the help of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, the significant difference of discontinuity detection performance between both the methods has been analyzed. From
the experimental results, it is clear that the WL method is more practically feasible and it gives satisfactory performance, in terms of sensitivity and specificity percentage values, which are 80.56% and 59.46%, respectively in the blue color components of the SNR 20 dB noise image.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Arunachalam
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, KLN College of Engineering-Madurai, Affiliated to Centre for Research Anna University-Chennai 630612, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Venkatakrishnan
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, CMR Technical Campus, Telangana 501401, India
| | - N. Janakiraman
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, KLN College of Engineering-Madurai, Affiliated to Centre for Research Anna University-Chennai 630612, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Sangeetha
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Telangana 501401, India
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Jensen M, Müller C, Schwedhelm E, Arunachalam P, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Gerloff C, Zeller T, Choe CU. Homoarginine- and Creatine-Dependent Gene Regulation in Murine Brains with l-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051865. [PMID: 32182846 PMCID: PMC7084559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to stroke pathology in both human and mouse studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. To investigate transcriptional changes in cerebral AGAT metabolism, we applied a transcriptome analysis in brains of wild-type (WT) mice compared to untreated AGAT-deficient (AGAT−/−) mice and AGAT−/− mice with creatine or hArg supplementation. We identified significantly regulated genes between AGAT−/− and WT mice in two independent cohorts of mice which can be linked to amino acid metabolism (Ivd, Lcmt2), creatine metabolism (Slc6a8), cerebral myelination (Bcas1) and neuronal excitability (Kcnip3). While Ivd and Kcnip3 showed regulation by hArg supplementation, Bcas1 and Slc6a8 were creatine dependent. Additional regulated genes such as Pla2g4e and Exd1 need further evaluation of their influence on cerebral function. Experimental stroke models showed a significant regulation of Bcas1 and Slc6a8. Together, these results reveal that AGAT deficiency, hArg and creatine regulate gene expression in the brain, which may be critical in stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Märit Jensen
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53770
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Gelderblom M, Gallizioli M, Ludewig P, Thom V, Arunachalam P, Rissiek B, Bernreuther C, Glatzel M, Korn T, Arumugam TV, Sedlacik J, Gerloff C, Tolosa E, Planas AM, Magnus T. IL-23 (Interleukin-23)-Producing Conventional Dendritic Cells Control the Detrimental IL-17 (Interleukin-17) Response in Stroke. Stroke 2017; 49:155-164. [PMID: 29212740 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammatory mechanisms can exacerbate ischemic tissue damage and worsen clinical outcome in patients with stroke. Both αβ and γδ T cells are established mediators of tissue damage in stroke, and the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in inducing the early events of T cell activation and differentiation in stroke is not well understood. METHODS In a murine model of experimental stroke, we defined the immune phenotype of infiltrating DC subsets based on flow cytometry of surface markers, the expression of ontogenetic markers, and cytokine levels. We used conditional DC depletion, bone marrow chimeric mice, and IL-23 (interleukin-23) receptor-deficient mice to further explore the functional role of DCs. RESULTS We show that the ischemic brain was rapidly infiltrated by IRF4+/CD172a+ conventional type 2 DCs and that conventional type 2 DCs were the most abundant subset in comparison with all other DC subsets. Twenty-four hours after ischemia onset, conventional type 2 DCs became the major source of IL-23, promoting neutrophil infiltration by induction of IL-17 (interleukin-17) in γδ T cells. Functionally, the depletion of CD11c+ cells or the genetic disruption of the IL-23 signaling abrogated both IL-17 production in γδ T cells and neutrophil infiltration. Interruption of the IL-23/IL-17 cascade decreased infarct size and improved neurological outcome after stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a central role for interferon regulatory factor 4-positive IL-23-producing conventional DCs in the IL-17-dependent secondary tissue damage in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gelderblom
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.).
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Vivien Thom
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Björn Rissiek
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Markus Glatzel
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Thomas Korn
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Thiruma Valavan Arumugam
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Eva Tolosa
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Anna M Planas
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.L., V.T., P.A., B.R., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), Department for Neuroradiological Diagnosis and Intervention (J.S.), and Institute of Immunology (E.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain (M. Gallizioli, A.M.P.); Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Germany (T.K.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (T.K.); and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.).
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Arunachalam P, Ludewig P, Melich P, Arumugam TV, Gerloff C, Prinz I, Magnus T, Gelderblom M. CCR6 (CC Chemokine Receptor 6) Is Essential for the Migration of Detrimental Natural Interleukin-17-Producing γδ T Cells in Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:1957-1965. [PMID: 28611085 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.016753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immune-mediated tissue damage after stroke evolves within the first days, and lymphocytes contribute to the secondary injury. Our goal was to identify T-cell subpopulations, which trigger the immune response. METHODS In a model of experimental stroke, we analyzed the immune phenotype of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing γδ T cells and explored the therapeutic potential of neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibodies in combination with mild therapeutic hypothermia. RESULTS We show that brain-infiltrating IL-17-positive γδ T cells expressed the Vγ6 segment of the γδ T cells receptor and were largely positive for the chemokine receptor CCR6 (CC chemokine receptor 6), which is a characteristic for natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells. These innate lymphocytes are established as major initial IL-17 producers in acute infections. Genetic deficiency in Ccr6 was associated with diminished infiltration of natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells and a significantly improved neurological outcome. In the ischemic brain, IL-17 together with tumor necrosis factor-α triggered the expression of CXC chemokines and neutrophil infiltration. Therapeutic targeting of synergistic IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α pathways by IL-17 neutralization and therapeutic hypothermia resulted in additional protective effects in comparison to an anti-IL-17 antibody treatment or therapeutic hypothermia alone. CONCLUSIONS Brain-infiltrating IL-17-producing γδ T cells belong to the subset of natural IL-17-producing γδ T cells. In stroke, these previously unrecognized innate lymphocytes trigger a highly conserved immune reaction, which is known from host responses toward pathogens. We demonstrate that therapeutic approaches targeting synergistic IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α pathways in parallel offer additional neuroprotection in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Patrick Melich
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Thiruma Valavan Arumugam
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Immo Prinz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- From the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.A., P.L., P.M., C.G., T.M., M.G.); Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (T.V.A.); and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (I.P.).
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Gelderblom M, Arunachalam P, Magnus T. γδ T cells as early sensors of tissue damage and mediators of secondary neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:368. [PMID: 25414640 PMCID: PMC4220696 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous or medically induced reperfusion occurs in up to 70% of patients within 24 h after cerebral ischemia. Reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue can augment the inflammatory response that causes additional injury. Recently, T cells have been shown to be an essential part of the post-ischemic tissue damage, and especially IL-17 secreting T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory reactions in the brain. After stroke, it seems that the innate γδ T cells are the main IL-17 producing cells and that the γδ T cell activation constitutes an early and mainly damaging immune response in stroke. Effector mechanism of γδ T cell derived IL-17 in the ischemic brain include the induction of metalloproteinases, proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil attracting chemokines, leading to a further amplification of the detrimental inflammatory response. In this review, we will give an overview on the concepts of γδ T cells and IL-17 in stroke pathophysiology and on their potential importance for human disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
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Gelderblom M, Melzer N, Schattling B, Göb E, Hicking G, Arunachalam P, Bittner S, Ufer F, Herrmann AM, Bernreuther C, Glatzel M, Gerloff C, Kleinschnitz C, Meuth SG, Friese MA, Magnus T. TRPM2 cation channel regulates detrimental immune cell invasion in ischemic stroke. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gelderblom M, Melzer N, Schattling B, Göb E, Hicking G, Arunachalam P, Bittner S, Ufer F, Herrmann AM, Bernreuther C, Glatzel M, Gerloff C, Kleinschnitz C, Meuth SG, Friese MA, Magnus T. Transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 cation channel regulates detrimental immune cell invasion in ischemic stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:3395-402. [PMID: 25236871 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain injury during stroke results in oxidative stress and the release of factors that include extracellular Ca(2+), hydrogen peroxide, adenosine diphosphate ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. These alterations of the extracellular milieu change the activity of transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 (TRPM2), a nonselective cation channel expressed in the central nervous system and the immune system. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of TRPM2 to the tissue damage after stroke. METHODS In accordance with current quality guidelines, we independently characterized Trpm2 in a murine ischemic stroke model in 2 different laboratories. RESULTS Gene deficiency of Trpm2 resulted in significantly improved neurological outcome and decreased infarct size. Besides an already known moderate neuroprotective effect of Trpm2 deficiency in vitro, ischemic brain invasion by neutrophils and macrophages was particularly reduced in Trpm2-deficient mice. Bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that Trpm2 deficiency in the peripheral immune system is responsible for the protective phenotype. Furthermore, experiments with mixed bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that Trpm2 is essential for the migration of neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, also of macrophages into ischemic hemispheres. Notably, the pharmacological TRPM2 inhibitor, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid, was equally protective in the stroke model. CONCLUSIONS Although a neuroprotective effect of TRPM2 in vitro is well known, we can show for the first time that the detrimental role of TRPM2 in stroke primarily depends on its role in activating peripheral immune cells. Targeting TRPM2 systemically represents a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gelderblom
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Nico Melzer
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Benjamin Schattling
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Eva Göb
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Gordon Hicking
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Stefan Bittner
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Friederike Ufer
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Markus Glatzel
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Sven G Meuth
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.)
| | - Manuel A Friese
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.).
| | - Tim Magnus
- From the Department of Neurology (M. Gelderblom, P.A., C.G., T.M.), Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (B.S., F.U., M.A.F.), and Institute of Neuropathology (C.B., M. Glatzel), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (N.M., G.H., S.B., A.M.H., S.G.M.); and Department of Neurology, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (E.G., C.K.).
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Gelderblom M, Daehn T, Schattling B, Ludewig P, Bernreuther C, Arunachalam P, Matschke J, Glatzel M, Gerloff C, Friese MA, Magnus T. Plasma levels of neuron specific enolase quantify the extent of neuronal injury in murine models of ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 59:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Gelderblom M, Neumann M, Ludewig P, Bernreuther C, Krasemann S, Arunachalam P, Gerloff C, Glatzel M, Magnus T. Deficiency in serine protease inhibitor neuroserpin exacerbates ischemic brain injury by increased postischemic inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63118. [PMID: 23658802 PMCID: PMC3643909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The only approved pharmacological treatment for ischemic stroke is intravenous administration of plasminogen activator (tPA) to re-canalize the occluded cerebral vessel. Not only reperfusion but also tPA itself can induce an inflammatory response. Microglia are the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and the first immune cells to become activated in stroke. Neuroserpin, an endogenous inhibitor of tPA, is up-regulated following cerebral ischemia. To examine neuroserpin-dependent mechanisms of neuroprotection in stroke, we studied neuroserpin deficient (Ns(-/-))mice in an animal model of temporal focal ischemic stroke. Infarct size and neurological outcome were worse in neuroserpin deficient mice even though the fibrinolytic activity in the ischemic brain was increased. The increased infarct size was paralleled by a selective increase in proinflammatory microglia activation in Ns(-/-) mice. Our results show excessive microglial activation in Ns(-/-) mice mediated by an increased activity of tPA. This activation results in a worse outcome further underscoring the potential detrimental proinflammatory effects of tPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Mahammed K, Venugopala K, Arunachalam P, Raju K. Synthesis, Spectral Studies and Anti-Bacterial Activity of Novel Substituted aryl/heteroaryl-(12-substituted phenyl-12H-7-oxa-8, 10-diazabenzo[ a]anthracen-11-yl)-amine. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2009. [DOI: 10.2174/157018009789057616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The use of ureteric stents in reimplantation surgery is important. The younger the patient, the more important the stenting of ureters post reimplantation becomes, because even minimal oedema following surgery will produce ureteric obstruction unless stents are in place. JJ stents are now the preferred method of choice in ureteric reimplantation surgery, but in the past the patient required another admission to hospital and general anaesthetic to have the stents removed endoscopically. We describe a technique whereby the stents are attached to the suprapubic catheter and are therefore removed prior to the patient's discharge from hospital, thus obviating the need for a second admission and second anaesthetic for the stent removal. We have studied 23 patients with this technique and find that it is a reliable and safe method to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Barbour
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Arunachalam P. Botulinum toxin injection for failed tracheoesophageal voice in laryngectomies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arunachalam P. Clinico-epidemiological study of rhinosporidiosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(03)00884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The safety of wound closure with tissue glue after surgery has been well established. The efficacy of its use in circumcision is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative study of tissue glue versus suture closure after circumcision. The duration of the operative procedure, pain score, cosmesis and postoperative complications were evaluated. There were no complications in either group. There was no statistically significant difference in the pain score in both groups. However the mean time taken for tissue glue was 16.6 minutes and the mean time taken for sutures was 23.7 minutes. (p < 0.0001) which was statistically significant. The cosmetic appearance was found to be superior in the tissue glue group as there were no suture marks on the join of the shaft skin and foreskin base.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arunachalam
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia
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Abstract
Polyps of the gall bladder are uncommon conditions in children. We present a case report of a 14-year-old girl who had calculous cholecystitis and an adenomatous hyperplastic polyp of the gall bladder. She was treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kikiros
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, G.P.O. Box D184, Perth 6001, Western Australia.
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Arunachalam P. A Case of Amœbic Abscess of Liver. Ind Med Gaz 1930; 65:329-330. [PMID: 29008722 PMCID: PMC5157237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Arunachalam
- Assistant to the Second Physician, King George's Hospital, Vizagapatam
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