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Lymperopoulos D, Dedemadi AG, Voulgari ML, Georgiou E, Dafnis I, Mountaki C, Panagopoulou EA, Karvelas M, Chiou A, Karathanos VT, Chroni A. Corinthian Currants Promote the Expression of Paraoxonase-1 and Enhance the Antioxidant Status in Serum and Brain of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:426. [PMID: 38672443 PMCID: PMC11047902 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), a serum antioxidant enzyme, has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis that involves early oxidative damage. Corinthian currants and their components have been shown to display antioxidant and other neuroprotective effects in AD. We evaluated the effect of a Corinthian currant paste-supplemented diet (CurD), provided to 1-month-old 5xFAD mice for 1, 3, and 6 months, on PON1 activity and levels of oxidation markers in serum and the brain of mice as compared to a control diet (ConD) or glucose/fructose-matched diet (GFD). Administration of CurD for 1 month increased PON1 activity and decreased oxidized lipid levels in serum compared to ConD and GFD. Longer-term administration of CurD did not, however, affect serum PON1 activity and oxidized lipid levels. Furthermore, CurD administered for 1 and 3 months, but not for 6 months, increased PON1 activity and decreased free radical levels in the cortex of mice compared to ConD and GFD. To probe the mechanism for the increased PON1 activity in mice, we studied the effect of Corinthian currant polar phenolic extract on PON1 activity secreted by Huh-7 hepatocytes or HEK293 cells transfected with a PON1-expressing plasmid. Incubation of cells with the extract led to a dose-dependent increase of secreted PON1 activity, which was attributed to increased cellular PON1 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that phenolics in Corinthian currants can increase the hepatic expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme PON1 and that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet during the early stages of AD in mice reduces brain oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Lymperopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Lydia Voulgari
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Georgiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dafnis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mountaki
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini A. Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Michalis Karvelas
- Research and Development Department, Agricultural Cooperatives’ Union of Aeghion, 25100 Aeghion, Greece;
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
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Uczay M, Pflüger P, Picada JN, de Oliveira JDM, da SilvaTorres IL, Medeiros HR, Vendruscolo MH, von Poser G, Pereira P. Geniposide and asperuloside alter the COX-2 and GluN2B receptor expression after pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:951-962. [PMID: 36536207 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asperuloside (ASP) and geniposide (GP) are iridoids that have shown various biological properties, such as reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of ASP and GP through the experimental model of pilocarpine-induced seizures. Mice were treated daily with saline, valproic acid (VPA), GP (5, 25, or 50 mg/kg), or ASP (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 8 days. Pilocarpine (PILO) treatment was administered after the last day of treatment, and the epileptic behavior was recorded for 1 h and analyzed by an adapted scale. Afterward, the hippocampus and blood samples were collected for western blot analyses, ELISA and comet assay, and bone marrow to the micronucleus test. We evaluated the expression of the inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), GluN2B, a subunit of the NMDA receptor, pGluR1, an AMPA receptor, and the enzyme GAD-1 by western blot and the cytokine TNF-α by ELISA. The treatments with GP and ASP were capable to decrease the latency to the first seizure, although they did not change the latency to status epilepticus (SE). ASP demonstrated a genotoxic potential analyzed by comet assay; however, the micronuclei frequency was not increased in the bone marrow. The GP and ASP treatments were capable to reduce COX-2 and GluN2B receptor expression after PILO exposure. This study suggests that GP and ASP have a protective effect on PILO-induced seizures, decreasing GluN2B receptor and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Uczay
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iraci Lucena da SilvaTorres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Vendruscolo
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gilsane von Poser
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071374. [PMID: 35883865 PMCID: PMC9311529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly prevalent, comorbid, and disabling disorder. The underlying mechanism of ethanol neurotoxicity and the involvement of oxidative stress is still not fully elucidated. However, ethanol metabolism has been associated with increased oxidative stress through alcohol dehydrogenase, the microsomal ethanol oxidation system, and catalase metabolic pathways. We searched the PubMed and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog databases to review the literature systematically and summarized the findings focusing on AUD and alcohol abstinence in relation to oxidative stress. In addition, we reviewed the ClinicalTrials.gov resource of the US National Library of Medicine to identify all ongoing and completed clinical trials that include therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants. The retrieved clinical and preclinical studies show that oxidative stress impacts AUD through genetics, alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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Zheng Q, Wang Y, Zhang S. Beyond Alkaloids: Novel Bioactive Natural Products From Lobelia Species. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638210. [PMID: 33762957 PMCID: PMC7982472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we reviewed the progress in the phytochemical and biological investigations of bioactive components derived from medicinally valuable Lobelia species. In the last 60 years, Lobelia has garnered significant attention from the phytochemist from around the world, majorly due to the discovery of bioactive piperidine alkaloids (e.g., lobinaline and lobeline) in the early 1950s. Later, lobeline underwent clinical trials for several indications including the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and a multicenter phase three trial for smoking cessation. Subsequently, several other alkaloids derived from different species of Lobelia were also investigated for their pharmacological characteristics. However, in the last few years, the research focus has started shifting to the characterization of the other novel chemical classes. The major shift has been noticed due to the structurally similar alkaloid components, which essentially share similar pharmacological, physicochemical, and toxicological profiles. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of their progress with special attention to understanding the molecular mechanisms of the novel bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfang Zheng
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Dong Medical Research of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dong Medical Research of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- 2011 Collaboration and Innovation Center for Digital Chinese Medicine in Hunan, Changsha, China
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Lazzarotto L, Pflüger P, Regner GG, Santos FM, Aguirre DG, Brito VB, Moura DJ, Dos Santos NM, Picada JN, Parmeggiani B, Frusciante MR, Leipnitz G, Pereira P. Lacosamide improves biochemical, genotoxic, and mitochondrial parameters after PTZ-kindling model in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:351-363. [PMID: 32851690 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of lacosamide (LCM) on biochemical and mitochondrial parameters after PTZ kindling in mice. Male mice were treated on alternative days for a period of 11 days with LCM (20, 30, or 40 mg/kg), saline, or diazepam (2 mg/kg), before PTZ administration (50 mg/kg). The hippocampi were collected to evaluate free radicals, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the mitochondrial complexes I-III, II, and II-III, as well as Bcl-2 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions. Hippocampi, blood, and bone marrow were collected for genotoxic and mutagenic evaluations. LCM 40 mg/kg increased latency and decreased percentage of seizures, only on the 3rd day of observation. The dose of 30 mg/kg only showed positive effects on the percentage of seizures on the 2nd day of observation. LCM decreased free radicals and SOD activity and the dose of 40 mg/kg were able to increase CAT activity. LCM 30 and 40 mg/kg improved the enzymatic mitochondrial activity of the complex I-III and LCM 30 mg/kg improved the activity of the complex II. In the comet assay, the damage induced by PTZ administration was reduced by LCM 20 and 30 mg/kg. The dose of 20 mg/kg increased COX-2 expression while the highest dose used, 40 mg/kg, was able to reduce this expression when compared to the group treated with LCM 20 mg/kg. Although LCM did not produce the antiepileptogenic effect in vivo, it showed the neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress, bioenergetic dysfunction, and DNA damage induced by the repeated PTZ administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Lazzarotto
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marcélia Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonçalves Aguirre
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Verônica Bidinotto Brito
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Dinara Jaqueline Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | | | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marina Rocha Frusciante
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
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Mazeto TK, Picada JN, Correa ÁP, Rebelo IN, Ribeiro MT, Gomez MV, de Souza AH. Antinociceptive and genotoxic assessments of the antagonist TRPV1 receptor SB-366791 on morphine-induced tolerance in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:481-490. [PMID: 31655852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is mainly treated with opioid analgesics such as morphine. However, the use of these substances can cause adverse effects, including dependence and tolerance, necessitating the discovery of a new approach to analgesic therapies. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is linked to thermal sensibility and has been considered as a new therapeutic option for pain treatment. This study aims to investigate the antinociceptive effect and toxicity of SB-366791, a TRPV1 antagonist. Morphine-tolerant and morphine non-tolerant Swiss mice were submitted to the hot plate and thermal tail flick tests. Toxicological evaluations of the genotoxic and mutagenic activities of SB-366791 were assessed using a comet assay and micronucleus test, and the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. In the hot plate test, intrathecal injection of SB-366791 or morphine resulted in significantly increased antinociception in non-tolerant mice. SB-366791 also led to an analgesic effect in the tail flick test. Tolerant mice that received SB-366791 demonstrated a central antinociceptive effect in both thermal tests. No genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay and no mutagenic effects were detected in the micronucleus test or in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Behavioral results of the thermal nociception tests show that SB-366791 has antinociceptive potential in both morphine-tolerant and non-tolerant mice and does not cause genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Nevertheless, new studies should be performed to clarify the activity and participation of vanilloid channels in the antinociception of SB-366791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Kastell Mazeto
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Áurea Pandolfo Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Isadora Nunes Rebelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Magali Terra Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Institute for Education and Research, Hospital Santa Casa, Domingos Vieira Street, 590, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30150-240, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
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de Carvalho MAJ, Chaves-Filho A, de Souza AG, de Carvalho Lima CN, de Lima KA, Rios Vasconcelos ER, Feitosa ML, Souza Oliveira JV, de Souza DAA, Macedo DS, de Souza FCF, de França Fonteles MM. Proconvulsant effects of sildenafil citrate on pilocarpine-induced seizures: Involvement of cholinergic, nitrergic and pro-oxidant mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:60-74. [PMID: 31004733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Proconvulsant effect is a serious adverse event associated with sildenafil use. Here, we investigated the possible proconvulsant effects of sildenafil in pilocarpine (PILO)-induced seizures model, which mimics some aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. We also evaluated sildenafil's effects on hippocampal markers related to PILO-induced seizure, for instance, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) markers, namely nitrite, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). The influences of muscarinic receptors blockade on sildenafil proconvulsant effects and brain nitrite levels were also evaluated. Male mice were submitted to single or repeated (7 days) sildenafil administration (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later, PILO was injected and mice were further evaluated for 1 h for seizure activity. Sildenafil induced a dose- and time-progressive proconvulsant effect in PILO-induced seizures. Sildenafil also potentiated the inhibitory effect of PILO in AChE activity and induced a further increase in nitrite levels and pro-oxidative markers, mainly in the hippocampus. Repeated sildenafil treatment also increased the hippocampal expression of iNOS and nNOS isoforms, while the blockade of muscarinic receptors attenuated both sildenafil-induced proconvulsant effect and brain nitrite changes. Our data firstly demonstrated the proconvulsant effect of sildenafil in PILO-model of seizures. This effect seems to be related to an increased cholinergic-nitrergic tone and pro-oxidative brain changes. Also, our findings advert to caution in using sildenafil for patients suffering from neurological conditions that reduces seizure threshold, such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Albuquerque Jales de Carvalho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Chaves-Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alana Gomes de Souza
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Camila Nayane de Carvalho Lima
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Klistenes Alves de Lima
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Ricardo Rios Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Feitosa
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Victor Souza Oliveira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Denia Alves Albuquerque de Souza
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Souza
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria de França Fonteles
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Nursing and Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Macáková K, Afonso R, Saso L, Mladěnka P. The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:429-444. [PMID: 30703480 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids have always attracted scientific interest due to either their positive or negative effects on human beings. This review aims to summarize their antioxidant effects by both classical in vitro scavenging assay and at the cellular level. Since most in vitro studies used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, the results from those studies are summed up in the first part of the article. In the second part, available data on the effect of alkaloids on NADPH-oxidase, the key enzyme for reactive oxygen species production, at the cellular level, are summarized. More than 130 alkaloids were tested by DPPH assay. However, due to methodological differences, a direct comparison is hardly possible. It can be at least concluded that some of them were either similar to or even more active than standard antioxidants and the number of aromatic hydroxyl groups seems to be the major determinant for the activity. The data on inhibition of NADPH-oxidase activity by alkaloids demonstrated that there is little relationship to the DPPH assay. The mechanism seems to be based on inhibition of synthesis, activation or translocation of NADPH-oxidase subunits. In some alkaloids, activation of the nuclear factor Nrf2 pathway was documented to be the grounds for inhibition of NADPH-oxidase. Interestingly, many alkaloids can behave both as anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants depending on conditions and pro-oxidation might be the reason for activation of Nrf2. Available data on other "antioxidant" transcription factors FOXOs and PPARs are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Rita Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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