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Sullere S, Kunczt A, McGehee DS. A cholinergic circuit that relieves pain despite opioid tolerance. Neuron 2023; 111:3414-3434.e15. [PMID: 37734381 PMCID: PMC10843525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a tremendous burden for afflicted individuals and society. Although opioids effectively relieve pain, significant adverse outcomes limit their utility and efficacy. To investigate alternate pain control mechanisms, we explored cholinergic signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), a critical nexus for descending pain modulation. Biosensor assays revealed that pain states decreased acetylcholine release in vlPAG. Activation of cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine tegmentum to vlPAG relieved pain, even in opioid-tolerant conditions, through ⍺7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Activating ⍺7 nAChRs with agonists or stimulating endogenous acetylcholine inhibited vlPAG neuronal activity through Ca2+ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR⍺)-dependent signaling. In vivo 2-photon imaging revealed that chronic pain induces aberrant excitability of vlPAG neuronal ensembles and that ⍺7 nAChR-mediated inhibition of these cells relieves pain, even after opioid tolerance. Finally, pain relief through these cholinergic mechanisms was not associated with tolerance, reward, or withdrawal symptoms, highlighting its potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Sullere
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alissa Kunczt
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel S McGehee
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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2
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Doucette A, Johnson K, Hulke S, Mujteba S, Miller E, Meyer B, Dosa PI, Klein AH. K ATP Channel Prodrugs Reduce Inflammatory and Neuropathic Hypersensitivity, Morphine-Induced Hypersensitivity, and Precipitated Withdrawal in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:18-26. [PMID: 36931644 PMCID: PMC10519579 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers can reduce hypersensitivity associated with chronic pain models in rodents, and reduce morphine tolerance. Many agonists of KATP channels are not soluble in physiologically relevant vehicles, requiring adaptation for clinical use. This study compared the antinociceptive activity of novel KATP channel targeting prodrugs, CKLP1, CKLP2, and CF3-CKLP. These prodrugs are activated by endogenous alkaline phosphatase enzymes present in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Analgesic capabilities of intrathecally injected prodrugs were tested in rodent models of spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as models for neuropathic and inflammatory pain, respectively. CKLP1 and CKLP2 significantly increased mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds 1-2 hours after intrathecal administration in the SNL model, but all three prodrugs were able to attenuate hypersensitivity up to 7 days after CFA treatment. The reduction of opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hypersensitivity in mice treated chronically with morphine was significantly reduced in CKLP1 and CKLP2 treated animals. Prodrug cleavage was confirmed in mouse spinal cords using liquid chromatography. These studies may aid in the further development of KATP channel prodrugs for use in treatments of chronic pain, opioid tolerance, and withdrawal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The cromakalim prodrugs, CKLP1, CKLP2, and CF3-CKLP1 reduced hypersensitivity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in male and female mice. CKLP1 and CKLP2 also reduced morphine-induced hypersensitivity in a mouse model of chronic morphine exposure. CKLP2 reduced jumping and rearing behaviors after naloxone-induced precipitated morphine withdrawal. Taken together, CKLP2 demonstrates the potential for development as a non-opioid analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Doucette
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Shelby Hulke
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Sunna Mujteba
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Elena Miller
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Belle Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Peter I Dosa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota (A.D., K.J., S.H., S.M., E.M., B.M., A.H.K.) and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (P.I.D.)
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3
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Pahan P, Xie JY. Microglial inflammation modulates opioid analgesic tolerance. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1383-1392. [PMID: 37186407 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As we all know, opioids are the drugs of choice for treating severe pain. However, very often, opioid use leads to tolerance, dependence, and hyperalgesia. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and designing strategies for increasing the efficacy of opioids in chronic pain are important areas of research. Microglia are brain macrophages that remove debris and dead cells from the brain and participate in immune defense of the central nervous system during an insult or injury. However, recent studies indicate that microglial activation and generation of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, etc.) in the brain may contribute to opioid tolerance and other side effects of opioid use. In this review, we will summarize the evidence and possible mechanisms by which proinflammatory molecules produced by activated microglia may antagonize the analgesic effect induced by opioids, and thus, lead to opioid tolerance. We will also delineate specific examples of studies that suggest therapeutic targets to counteract the development of tolerance clinically using suppressors of microglial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pahan
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Arkansas, Jonesboro, USA
| | - Jennifer Yanhua Xie
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Arkansas, Jonesboro, USA
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4
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Puig S, Gutstein HB. Chronic Morphine Modulates PDGFR-β and PDGF-B Expression and Distribution in Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 519:147-161. [PMID: 36997020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic effect of opioids decreases over time due to the development of analgesic tolerance. We have shown that inhibition of the platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFR-β) signaling eliminates morphine analgesic tolerance in rats. Although the PDGFR-β and its ligand, the platelet-derived growth factor type B (PDGF-B), are expressed in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord (SG) and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), their precise distribution within different cell types of these structures is unknown. Additionally, the impact of a tolerance-mediating chronic morphine treatment, on the expression and distribution of PDGF-B and PDGFR-β has not yet been studied. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found that in the spinal cord, PDGFR-β and PDGF-B were expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes and co-localized with the mu-opioid receptor (MOPr) in opioid naïve rats. PDGF-B was also found in microglia and astrocytes. Both PDGFR-β and PDGF-B were detected in DRG neurons but not in spinal primary afferent terminals. Chronic morphine exposure did not change the cellular distribution of PDGFR-β or PDGF-B. However, PDGFR-β expression was downregulated in the SG and upregulated in the DRG. Consistent with our previous finding that morphine caused tolerance by inducing PDGF-B release, PDGF-B was upregulated in the spinal cord. We also found that chronic morphine exposure caused a spinal proliferation of oligodendrocytes. The changes in PDGFR-β and PDGF-B expression induced by chronic morphine treatment suggest potential mechanistic substrates underlying opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA
| | - Howard B Gutstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Farmington, 06030 CT, USA.
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5
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Afrose L, McDermott MV, Bhuiyan AI, Pathak SK, Bobeck EN. GPR171 activation regulates morphine tolerance but not withdrawal in a test-dependent manner in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:442-451. [PMID: 35942845 PMCID: PMC9477863 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor, GPR171, is found to be highly expressed within the periaqueductal gray, a pain-modulating region in the brain. Our recent research has shown that a GPR171 agonist increases morphine antinociception in male mice and opioid signaling in vitro . The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination treatment in females as well as whether chronic treatment can be used without exacerbating morphine-induced tolerance and withdrawal in female and male mice. Our results demonstrate that activation of GPR171 with an agonist attenuates morphine tolerance in both female and male mice on the tail-flick test, but not the hotplate test. Importantly, the GPR171 agonist in combination with morphine does not exacerbate morphine-induced tolerance and withdrawal during long-term morphine treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that the GPR171 agonist may be combined with morphine to maintain antinociception while reducing the dose of morphine and therefore reducing side effects and abuse liability. The outcome of this study is clearly an important step toward understanding the functional interactions between opioid receptors and GPR171 and developing safer therapeutics for long-term pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max V. McDermott
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Ashif I. Bhuiyan
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
- Chemistry Doctoral Program
| | - Sanjai K. Pathak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
- Chemistry Doctoral Program
- Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York
| | - Erin N. Bobeck
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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6
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Perry EK, Meirelles LA, Newman DK. From the soil to the clinic: the impact of microbial secondary metabolites on antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:129-142. [PMID: 34531577 PMCID: PMC8857043 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites profoundly affect microbial physiology, metabolism and stress responses. Increasing evidence suggests that these molecules can modulate microbial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics; however, secondary metabolites are typically excluded from standard antimicrobial susceptibility assays. This may in part account for why infections by diverse opportunistic bacteria that produce secondary metabolites often exhibit discrepancies between clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and clinical treatment outcomes. In this Review, we explore which types of secondary metabolite alter antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as how and why this phenomenon occurs. We discuss examples of molecules that opportunistic and enteric pathogens either generate themselves or are exposed to from their neighbours, and the nuanced impacts these molecules can have on tolerance and resistance to certain antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Perry
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lucas A Meirelles
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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7
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Xiao X, Bu H, Li Z, Li Z, Bai Q, Wang Z, Yan L, Liu D, Peng X, Jia X, Gao F. NADPH-Oxidase 2 Promotes Autophagy in Spinal Neurons During the Development of Morphine Tolerance. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2089-2096. [PMID: 34008119 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Repeated morphine administration results in analgesic tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of morphine analgesic tolerance remains unclear. NADPH-oxidase 2 (NOX2) is the first discovered NADPH oxidase, which mainly functions to produce reactive oxygen species. Its specific role in morphine tolerance has not been fully investigated. In this work, we found that chronic morphine administration significantly increased the expression of NOX2 in spinal cord. Pretreatment of NOX2 inhibitor blocked the upregulation of NOX2 and autophagy markers, including LC3B and P62, and consequently the development of morphine tolerance. NOX2 and LC3B were both colocalized with NeuN in spinal dorsal horn in morphine-tolerant rats. Our results suggest that the increased autophagy activity in spinal neurons promoted by NOX2 activation contributes to the development of morphine tolerance. NOX2 may be considered as a new therapeutic target for morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huilian Bu
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Chakrabarti S, Liu NJ, Gintzler AR. Relevance of Mu-Opioid Receptor Splice Variants and Plasticity of Their Signaling Sequelae to Opioid Analgesic Tolerance. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:855-862. [PMID: 32804312 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Opioid dose escalation to effectively control pain is often linked to the current prescription opioid abuse epidemic. This creates social as well as medical imperatives to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of opioid tolerance to develop interventions that minimize it, thereby maximizing the analgesic effectiveness of opioids. Profound opioid analgesic tolerance can be observed in the absence of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) downregulation, aggregate MOR G protein uncoupling, and MOR desensitization, in the absence of impaired G protein coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation, arrestin binding, or endocytosis. Thus, we have explored alternative biochemical sequelae that might better account for opioid analgesic tolerance. Our findings indicate that substantial plasticity among upstream and downstream components of opioid receptor signaling and the emergence of alternative signaling pathways are major contributors to opioid analgesic tolerance. An exemplar of this plasticity is our findings that chronic morphine upregulates the MOR variants MOR-1B2 and MOR-1C1 and phosphorylation of their C-terminal sites not present in MOR-1, events causally associated with the chronic morphine-induced shift in MOR G protein coupling from predominantly Gi/Go inhibitory to Gs-stimulatory adenylyl cyclase signaling. The unique feature(s) of these variants that underlies their susceptibility to adapting to chronic morphine by altering the nature of their G protein coupling reveals the richness and pliability of MOR signaling that is enabled by generating a wide diversity of MOR variants. Furthermore, given differential anatomical expression patterns of MOR variants, MOR splice variant-dependent adaptations to chronic morphine could enable mechanistic underpinnings of tolerance and dependence that are CNS region- and cell-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakrabarti
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The use of morphine as a first-line agent for moderate-to-severe pain is limited by the development of analgesic tolerance. Initially opioid receptor desensitization in response to repeated stimulation, thought to underpin the establishment of tolerance, was linked to a compensatory increase in adenylate cyclase responsiveness. The subsequent demonstration of cross-talk between N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and opioid receptors led to the recognition of a role for nitric oxide (NO), wherein blockade of NO synthesis could prevent tolerance developing. Investigations of the link between NO levels and opioid receptor desensitization implicated a number of events including kinase recruitment and peroxynitrite-mediated protein regulation. Recent experimental advances and the identification of new cellular constituents have expanded the potential signaling candidates to include unexpected, intermediary compounds not previously linked to this process such as zinc, histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), micro-ribonucleic acid (mi-RNA) and regulator of G protein signaling Z (RGSZ). A further complication is a lack of consistency in the protocols used to create tolerance, with some using acute methods measured in minutes to hours and others using days. There is also an emphasis on the cellular changes that are extant only after tolerance has been established. Although a review of the literature demonstrates a lack of spatio-temporal detail, there still appears to be a pivotal role for nitric oxide, as well as both intracellular and intercellular cross-talk. The use of more consistent approaches to verify these underlying mechanism(s) could provide an avenue for targeted drug development to rescue opioid efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Gledhill
- CURA Pharmacy, St. John of God Hospital, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia
| | - Anna-Marie Babey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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10
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Silva-Cardoso GK, Nobre MJ. Context-Specific Tolerance and Pharmacological Changes in the Infralimbic Cortex-Nucleus Accumbens Shell Pathway Evoked by Ketamine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1686-1700. [PMID: 33786719 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Like other drugs, ketamine is abused due to its ability to act as a positive reinforcer in the control of behavior, just as natural reinforcers do. Besides, through Pavlovian conditioning, tolerance to drug effects can become conditioned to specific contextual cues showing that environmental stimuli can act as powerful mediators of craving and relapse. In the present study, we shall investigate the effects of long-term ketamine administration and withdrawal on behavioral measures and emotionality, the drug-context-specific influence on the tolerance to the sedative effects of an anesthetic dose of ketamine, and the neuropharmacological events underlying this phenomenon, in rats conditioned with 10 mg/kg of ketamine and later challenged with a dose of ketamine of 80 mg/kg in a familiar and non-familiar environment. Variations in dopamine and serotonin efflux in the infralimbic cortex-nucleus accumbens shell circuitry (IL-NAcSh) was further recorded in the same conditions. Our results highlight that besides its well-known reinforcing properties, ketamine also shares the ability to induce behavioral and pharmacological conditioned tolerance, associated with increases in cortical (IL), and decreases in striatal (NAcSh) dopamine release. To our knowledge, we are presenting the first set of behavioral and neurochemical data showing that, like other drugs of abuse, ketamine can induce learned context-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil
| | - Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF, Franca, SP, 14401-135, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brasil.
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11
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Lewter LA, Golani LK, Cook JM, Li JX. Blockade of α1 subtype GABAA receptors attenuates the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of midazolam in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:345-350. [PMID: 33290344 PMCID: PMC8119291 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines bind to and act on α1-3 and α5-containing GABAA receptors. Previous studies suggest that different GABAA receptor α-subtypes mediate the various behavioral effects of benzodiazepines, which raises the possibility of combining benzodiazepines with subtype-selective GABAA receptor antagonists to improve the therapeutic profiles of benzodiazepines. This study examined the GABAA receptor subtype mediation of the tolerance to midazolam-induced antinociception in rats. Midazolam (3.2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the locomotion in rats which was prevented by the selective α1-preferring GABAA receptor antagonist β-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (βCCt) (3.2 mg/kg). Midazolam increased the paw withdrawal threshold as tested by the von Frey filament assay in the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain model in rats, and this effect was not altered by βCCt or another α1-preferring GABAA receptor antagonist 3-propoxy-β-carboline hydrochloride (3PBC). Repeated treatment with midazolam in combination with vehicle, βCCt or 3PBC (twice daily) for 7 days led to a progressive increase of the ED50 values in the midazolam- and vehicle-treated rats, but not in other rats, suggesting the development of tolerance to midazolam but not to the combination of midazolam with α1-preferring GABAA receptor antagonists. These results suggest the essential role of the α1-subtype of GABAA receptors in mediating the development of tolerance to midazolam-induced antinociceptive effects and raise the possibility of increasing therapeutic profiles of benzodiazepines by selectively blocking specific α-subtypes of GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakeisha A. Lewter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Ahmadi-Soleimani SM, Azizi H, Abbasi-Mazar A. Intermittent REM sleep deprivation attenuates the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 748:135735. [PMID: 33592307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Opioid agonists are used in clinic for pain management, however this application is challenged by development of tolerance and dependence following prolonged exposure. Various approaches have been suggested to address this concern, however, there is still no consensus among the researchers. Neural processing of sleep and nociception are co-regulated through shared brain regions having bidirectional interplays. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether application of REM sleep deprivation (REM-SD) could affect morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence. To this end, adult male rats underwent sleep deprivation during light and dark phases (LSD and DSD, respectively) using the inverted flower pot method and then tolerance and dependence was induced by repeated injection of morphine for 7 days (10 mg/kg, daily, i.p.). Results indicated that REM-SD delays the development of tolerance to morphine during both phases; however this effect was more potent following LSD. Moreover, LSD decreased the baseline thermal threshold and total withdrawal score. One possible hypothesis for our observations is REM-SD-induced attenuation of orexin system which is still controversial among the researchers. Other stronger possibilities might be down-regulation of opioid receptors in response to sleep loss experience. Finally, it seems that modification of sleep periods may assist to decrease the severity of opioid tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Deparment of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi-Mazar
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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13
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Okerman T, Jurgenson T, Moore M, Klein AH. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-cyclic GMP-c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211003375. [PMID: 33745380 PMCID: PMC7983416 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research presented here sought to determine if opioid induced tolerance is linked to activity changes within the PI3Kγ-AKT-cGMP-JNK intracellular signaling pathway in spinal cord or peripheral nervous systems. Morphine or saline injections were given subcutaneously twice a day for five days (15 mg/kg) to male C57Bl/6 mice. A separate cohort of mice received spinal nerve ligation (SNL) one week prior to the start of morphine tolerance. Afterwards, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and sciatic nerves were isolated for quantifying total and phosphorylated- JNK levels, cGMP, and gene expression analysis of Pik3cg, Akt1, Pten, and nNos1. This pathway was downregulated in the spinal cord with increased expression in the sciatic nerve of morphine tolerant and morphine tolerant mice after SNL. We also observed a significant increase in phosphorylated- JNK levels in the sciatic nerve of morphine tolerant mice with SNL. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or JNK, using thalidomide, quercetin, or SP600125, attenuated the development of morphine tolerance in mice with SNL as measured by thermal paw withdrawal. Overall, the PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling pathway is a potential target for reducing the development of morphine tolerance in the peripheral nervous system. Continued research into this pathway will contribute to the development of new analgesic drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Okerman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Taylor Jurgenson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
- Amanda H Klein, 232 Life Sciences, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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14
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Wang H, Huang M, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ma X, Luo L, Xu X, Xu L, Shi H, Xu Y, Wang A, Xu T. Microglial TLR4-induced TAK1 phosphorylation and NLRP3 activation mediates neuroinflammation and contributes to chronic morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105482. [PMID: 33549727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate the role and signal transduction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in microglial in the development of morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance. METHODS TLR4 and NLRP3 knockout mice and 5Z-7-oxozeaeno (a selective inhibitor against TAK1 activity) were used to observe their effect on the development of morphine tolerance. Intrathecal injections of morphine (0.75 mg/kg once daily for 7 days) were used to establish anti-nociceptive tolerance, which was measured by the tail-flick test. Spinal TLR4, TAK1, and NLRP3 expression levels and phosphorylation of TAK1 were evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Repeated treatment with morphine increased total expression of spinal TLR4, TAK1, and NLRP3 and phosphorylation of TAK1 in wild-type mice. TLR4 knockout attenuated morphine-induced tolerance and inhibited the chronic morphine-induced increase in NLRP3 and phosphorylation of TAK1. Compared with controls, mice that received 5Z-7-oxozeaenol showed decreased development of morphine tolerance and inhibition on repeated morphine-induced increase of NLRP3 but not TLR4. NLRP3 knockout mice showed resistance to morphine-induced analgesic tolerance with no effect on chronic morphine-induced expression of TLR4 and TAK1. TLR4, TAK1, and NLRP3 were collectively co-localized together and with the microglia marker Iba1. CONCLUSIONS Microglial TLR4 regulates TAK1 expression and phosphorylation and results in NLRP3 activation contributes to the development of morphine tolerance through regulating neuroinflammation. Targeting TLR4-TAK1-NLRP3 signaling to regulate neuro-inflammation will be alternative therapeutics and strategies for chronic morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong 226300, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaqing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Limin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Heart Health Center, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong 226300, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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15
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Gomez DM, Everett TJ, Hamilton LR, Ranganath A, Cheer JF, Oleson EB. Chronic cannabinoid exposure produces tolerance to the dopamine releasing effects of WIN 55,212-2 and heroin in adult male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 182:108374. [PMID: 33115642 PMCID: PMC7836093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids were introduced into recreational drug culture in 2008 and quickly became one of the most commonly abused drugs in the United States. The neurobiological consequences resulting from synthetic cannabinoid repeated exposure remain poorly understood. It is possible that a blunted dopamine (DA) response may lead drug users to consume larger quantities to compensate for this form of neurochemical tolerance. Because the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems exhibit considerable cross-talk and cross-tolerance frequently develops following repeated exposure to either opioids or cannabinoids, there is interest in investigating whether a history of synthetic cannabinoid exposure influences the ability of heroin to increase DA release. To test the effects of chronic cannabinoid exposure on cannabinoid- and heroin-evoked DA release, male adult rats were treated with either vehicle or a synthetic cannabinoid (WIN55-212-2; WIN) using an intravenous (IV) dose escalation regimen (0.2-0.8 mg/kg IV over 9 treatments). As predicted, WIN-treated rats showed a rightward shift in the dose-response relationship across all behavioral/physiological measures when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Then, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure changes in the frequency of transient DA events in the nucleus accumbens shell of awake and freely-moving rats, it was observed that the DA releasing effects of both WIN and heroin were significantly reduced in male rats with a pharmacological history of cannabinoid exposure. These results demonstrate that repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid WIN can produce tolerance to its DA releasing effects and cross-tolerance to the DA releasing effects of heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan M Gomez
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Current: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, USA
| | | | | | - Ajit Ranganath
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Erik B Oleson
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Biology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA.
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16
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Fernández de Toro B, de Eugenio LI, Santana AG, Bejarano-Muñoz L, Armstrong Z, Méndez-Líter JA, Asensio JL, Prieto A, Withers SG, Cañada FJ, Martínez MJ. Thioglycoligase derived from fungal GH3 β-xylosidase is a multi-glycoligase with broad acceptor tolerance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4864. [PMID: 32978392 PMCID: PMC7519651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of customized glycoconjugates constitutes a major goal for biocatalysis. To this end, engineered glycosidases have received great attention and, among them, thioglycoligases have proved useful to connect carbohydrates to non-sugar acceptors. However, hitherto the scope of these biocatalysts was considered limited to strong nucleophilic acceptors. Based on the particularities of the GH3 glycosidase family active site, we hypothesized that converting a suitable member into a thioglycoligase could boost the acceptor range. Herein we show the engineering of an acidophilic fungal β-xylosidase into a thioglycoligase with broad acceptor promiscuity. The mutant enzyme displays the ability to form O-, N-, S- and Se- glycosides together with sugar esters and phosphoesters with conversion yields from moderate to high. Analyses also indicate that the pKa of the target compound was the main factor to determine its suitability as glycosylation acceptor. These results expand on the glycoconjugate portfolio attainable through biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández de Toro
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura I de Eugenio
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés G Santana
- Glycochemistry and Molecular recognition group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Bejarano-Muñoz
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zach Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Méndez-Líter
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Glycochemistry and Molecular recognition group, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Ramaekers JG, Mason NL, Theunissen EL. Blunted highs: Pharmacodynamic and behavioral models of cannabis tolerance. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 36:191-205. [PMID: 32014378 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to cannabis comes with neurocognitive impairment, leading to increased risk of human error and injury. Evidence however indicates that such acute effects are less prominent in chronic users, suggesting cannabis tolerance. Models of cannabis tolerance stress the importance of neurobiological or behavioral adaptations following repeated cannabis exposure. The pharmacodynamic model relates neuroadaptive changes in the brain to a blunted response to cannabis. Downregulation of CB1 receptors in chronic cannabis users has been associated with a normalization of dopaminergic output from the ventral tegmental area to the mesolimbic circuit, and a reduction of impairment during acute cannabis exposure. Such neuroadaptions are absent in occasional users, who show strong increments of dopamine and glutamate levels in the striatum, a loss of functional connectivity within the mesolimbic circuit and neurocognitive impairments when exposed to cannabis. Evidence for a behavioral model of cannabis tolerance that poses that users can have volitional control to overcome functional impairment during cannabis intoxication is relatively weak, and at best shows limited control over a limited number of behavioral functions. Cannabis tolerance is most likely to occur in users that consume high doses of cannabis continuously, at a high pace, for a prolonged period of time. Knowledge on frequency, dose and duration of cannabis use that is needed to achieve, maintain or lessen tolerance however is very limited, but will be of importance in the context of cannabis therapeutics and in legal settings when evaluating the impact of cannabis exposure on human function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ramaekers
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - N L Mason
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - E L Theunissen
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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18
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Thanarajasingam G, Leonard JP, Witzig TE, Habermann TM, Blum KA, Bartlett NL, Flowers CR, Pitcher BN, Jung SH, Atherton PJ, Tan A, Novotny PJ, Dueck AC. Longitudinal Toxicity over Time (ToxT) analysis to evaluate tolerability: a case study of lenalidomide in the CALGB 50401 (Alliance) trial. Lancet Haematol 2020; 7:e490-e497. [PMID: 32470440 PMCID: PMC7457391 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of tolerability is increasingly relevant for patients with haematological malignancies treated with chronically administered therapies. Adverse events from these agents might affect the ability of patients to tolerate treatment over time. Conventional toxicity tables that include the incidence of high-grade adverse events, defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, do not provide information on the time profile of these adverse events or reflect the continuous, lower grade symptomatic toxicities that are particularly relevant to treatment tolerability for patients living with indolent disease. Modern approaches to the evaluation and reporting of toxicity that capture the tolerability of treatment to the patient are imperative. In this Viewpoint, we present a focused, pilot, and longitudinal Toxicity over Time analysis of adverse events from lenalidomide and lenalidomide with rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in the CALGB 50401 (Alliance; NCT00238238) trial to define the trajectory of adverse events and quantify the burden of continuous, low-grade events. Toxicity over Time analyses provided clinically relevant descriptions of neutropenia and fatigue trajectories caused by lenalidomide that were not identified by standard analysis of the maximum grade events defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Systematic, rigorous incorporation of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials will be crucial to our understanding of the tolerability of chronically administered therapies in patients with haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Leonard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kristie A Blum
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy L Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela J Atherton
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angelina Tan
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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19
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Chu WG, Wang FD, Sun ZC, Ma SB, Wang X, Han WJ, Wang F, Bai ZT, Wu SX, Freichel M, Xie RG, Luo C. TRPC1/4/5 channels contribute to morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia by enhancing spinal synaptic potentiation and structural plasticity. FASEB J 2020; 34:8526-8543. [PMID: 32359120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000154rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Opioid analgesics remain the mainstay for managing intractable chronic pain, but their use is limited by detrimental side effects such as analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia. Calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity is a key determinant in opiates tolerance and hyperalgesia. However, the exact substrates for this calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity in mediating these maladaptive processes are largely unknown. Canonical transient receptor potential 1, 4, and 5 (TRPC1, 4, 5) proteins assemble into heteromultimeric nonselective cation channels with high Ca2+ permeability and influence various neuronal functions. However, whether and how TRPC1/4/5 channels contribute to the development of opiates tolerance and hyperalgesia remains elusive. Here, we show that TRPC1/4/5 channels contribute to the generation of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Chronic morphine exposure leads to upregulation of TRPC1/4/5 channels in the spinal cord. Spinally expressed TRPC1, TPRC4, and TRPC5 are required for chronic morphine-induced synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) as well as remodeling of synaptic spines in the dorsal horn, thereby orchestrating functional and structural plasticity during the course of morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. These effects are attributed to TRPC1/4/5-mediated Ca2+ elevation in the spinal dorsal horn induced by chronic morphine treatment. This study identifies TRPC1/4/5 channels as a promising novel target to prevent the unwanted morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Chu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- The Fourth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sui-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Resource Polypeptide Drugs & College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhan-Tao Bai
- Research Center for Resource Polypeptide Drugs & College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Cuttler C, Spradlin A, Cleveland MJ, Craft RM. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis on Headache and Migraine. J Pain 2020; 21:722-730. [PMID: 31715263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Use of cannabis to alleviate headache and migraine is relatively common, yet research on its effectiveness remains sparse. We sought to determine whether inhalation of cannabis decreases headache and migraine ratings as well as whether gender, type of cannabis (concentrate vs flower), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, or dose contribute to changes in these ratings. Finally, we explored evidence for tolerance to these effects. Archival data were obtained from Strainprint, a medical cannabis app that allows patients to track symptoms before and after using different strains and doses of cannabis. Latent change score models and multilevel models were used to analyze data from 12,293 sessions where cannabis was used to treat headache and 7,441 sessions where cannabis was used to treat migraine. There were significant reductions in headache and migraine ratings after cannabis use. Men reported larger reductions in headache than women and use of concentrates was associated with larger reductions in headache than flower. Further, there was evidence of tolerance to these effects. PERSPECTIVE: Inhaled cannabis reduces self-reported headache and migraine severity by approximately 50%. However, its effectiveness appears to diminish across time and patients appear to use larger doses across time, suggesting tolerance to these effects may develop with continued use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Cuttler
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
| | - Alexander Spradlin
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Michael J Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Rebecca M Craft
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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21
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Qian J, Zhu Y, Bai L, Gao Y, Jiang M, Xing F, Zhang J, Zhao W, Gu H, Mi Y, Tao YX, Xu JT. Chronic morphine-mediated upregulation of high mobility group box 1 in the spinal cord contributes to analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia in rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:722-742. [PMID: 31879851 PMCID: PMC7283437 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia hinder the long-term utility of opioids. We examined whether spinal high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in morphine tolerance and its underlying mechanisms by using a model of repeated intrathecal (i.t.) injections of morphine. The results showed that chronic i.t. morphine exposure led to increased expression of HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and their mRNAs in the dorsal horn. Morphine challenge also promoted HMGB1 expression and release in cultured spinal neurons, but these effects were inhibited by TAK-242, naloxone (antagonists of TLR4), and TLR4 siRNA. Intrathecal coadministration of morphine with TAK-242 or PDTC (inhibitor of NF-κB activation) also reduced HMGB1 expression in the spinal cord. Repeated i.t. coinjections of morphine with glycyrrhizin (GL, an HMGB1 inhibitor) or HMGB1 siRNA prevented reduction of the maximal possible analgesic effect (MPAE) of morphine and alleviated morphine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. The established morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia were partially reversed when i.t. injections of GL or HMGB1 antibody started at day 7 of morphine injection. Repeated i.t. injections of morphine with HMGB1 siRNA inhibited the activation of NF-κB, but not that of JNK and p38. A single i.t. injection of HMGB1 in naïve rats caused pain-related hypersensitivity and reduction in MPAE. Moreover, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the dorsal horn were upregulated following this treatment, but this upregulation was prevented by coinjection with TAK-242. Together, these results suggest that morphine-mediated upregulation of spinal HMGB1 contributes to analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia via activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling, and the HMGB1 inhibitor might be a promising adjuvant to morphine in the treatment of intractable pain in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Qian
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, E-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ji-Tian Xu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zhengzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical Sciences, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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22
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de Souza Reis INR, Alves de Oliveira J, Ventrella MC, Otoni WC, Marinato CS, Paiva de Matos L. Involvement of glutathione metabolism in Eichhornia crassipes tolerance to arsenic. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:346-350. [PMID: 30925014 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic macrophytes are potentially useful for phytoremediation programmes in environments contaminated by arsenic (As). Biochemical and physiological modification analyses in different plant parts are important to understand As tolerance mechanisms. The objective was to evaluate glutathione metabolism in leaves and roots of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms treated to As. Specimens of E. crassipes were cultured for 3 days in Clark's nutrient solution containing 7 μm As. The enzymes ATP sulphurylase (ATPS), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione sulphotransferase (GST) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) activity, glutathione content, total protein and non-protein thiols were evaluated. The ATPS activity increased in roots. GR activity in leaves and GSH-Px in roots were lower. GST activity was higher in roots and lower in leaves, and γ-ECS activity was higher in leaves. Glutathione levels were lower, total thiol levels were higher and non-protein levels did not change in E. crassipes leaves and roots. Exposure to As increased enzyme activity involved with sulphur metabolism, such as ATPS. Higher GR activity and lower GSH-Px indicate increased glutathione conjugation to As due to increased GSH availability. The higher GST activity indicates its participation in As detoxification and accumulation through As GSH conjugation. Changes in glutathione and thiol levels suggest high phytochelatin synthesis. In conclusion, the increments in ATPS, GR, GST and γ-ECS activity indicate that these enzymes are involved in GSH metabolism and are part of the E. crassipes As detoxification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N R de Souza Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - J Alves de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - M C Ventrella
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - W C Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - C S Marinato
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - L Paiva de Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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23
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Mazeto TK, Picada JN, Correa ÁP, Rebelo IN, Ribeiro MT, Gomez MV, de Souza AH. Antinociceptive and genotoxic assessments of the antagonist TRPV1 receptor SB-366791 on morphine-induced tolerance in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:481-490. [PMID: 31655852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is mainly treated with opioid analgesics such as morphine. However, the use of these substances can cause adverse effects, including dependence and tolerance, necessitating the discovery of a new approach to analgesic therapies. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is linked to thermal sensibility and has been considered as a new therapeutic option for pain treatment. This study aims to investigate the antinociceptive effect and toxicity of SB-366791, a TRPV1 antagonist. Morphine-tolerant and morphine non-tolerant Swiss mice were submitted to the hot plate and thermal tail flick tests. Toxicological evaluations of the genotoxic and mutagenic activities of SB-366791 were assessed using a comet assay and micronucleus test, and the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. In the hot plate test, intrathecal injection of SB-366791 or morphine resulted in significantly increased antinociception in non-tolerant mice. SB-366791 also led to an analgesic effect in the tail flick test. Tolerant mice that received SB-366791 demonstrated a central antinociceptive effect in both thermal tests. No genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay and no mutagenic effects were detected in the micronucleus test or in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Behavioral results of the thermal nociception tests show that SB-366791 has antinociceptive potential in both morphine-tolerant and non-tolerant mice and does not cause genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Nevertheless, new studies should be performed to clarify the activity and participation of vanilloid channels in the antinociception of SB-366791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Kastell Mazeto
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil.
| | - Áurea Pandolfo Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Isadora Nunes Rebelo
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Magali Terra Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Gomez
- Department of Neurotransmitters, Institute for Education and Research, Hospital Santa Casa, Domingos Vieira Street, 590, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30150-240, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Hubner de Souza
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, CEP 92425-900, Brazil
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24
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Li W, Du J, Feng H, Wu Q, Xu G, Shabala S, Yu L. Function of NHX-type transporters in improving rice tolerance to aluminum stress and soil acidity. Planta 2020; 251:71. [PMID: 32108903 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that ectopic expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2, from Helianthus tuberosus plant (located at vacuolar and endosome membranes, respectively), in rice plants could enhance its tolerance to aluminum (Al3+) stress and soil acidity. Plant sodium (potassium)/proton (Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters of the NHX family have been extensively characterized as they are related to the enhancement of salt tolerance. However, no previous study has reported NHX transporter functions in plant tolerance to Al3+ toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate their role as a component of the Al3+ stress tolerance mechanism. We show that the ectopic expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2 , from Helianthus tuberosus plant, in rice (located at vacuole and endosome, respectively) could also enhance rice tolerance to Al3+ stress and soil acidity. Expression of either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2 reduced the inhibitory effect of Al3+ on the rice root elongation rate; both genes were reported to be equally effective in improvement of stress conditions. Expression of HtNHX1 enhanced Al3+-trigged-secretion of citrate acids, rhizosphere acidification, and also reduced K+ efflux from root tissues. In contrast, expression of HtNHX2 prevented Al3+-trigged-decrease of H+ influx into root tissues. Al3+-induced damage of the cell wall extensibility at the root tips was impaired by either HtNHX1 or HtNHX2. Co-expression of HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 further improved rice growth, particularly under the Al3+ stress conditions. The results demonstrate that HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 improved rice tolerance to Al3+ via different mechanisms by altering the K+ and H+ fluxes and the cell wall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons KN, Lyons LC. Investigating Alcohol Behavior and Physiology Using Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:135-158. [PMID: 32219744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, is one of the most versatile models for biomedical studies due to the economical husbandry, rapid generation time, and the array of tools for spatial and temporal gene manipulation. The relatively short lifespan of Drosophila (60-80 days) and the high degree of molecular conservation across species make Drosophila ideal to study the complexities of aging. Alcohol is the most abused drug worldwide and alcohol use disorders represent a significant public health problem and economic burden to individuals and society. Stereotypical alcohol-induced behaviors and the underlying molecular mechanisms are conserved from flies to humans making Drosophila a practical model for investigating the development of alcohol-induced behaviors and alcohol pathologies. Here, we outline how to assemble an efficient and controlled alcohol vapor delivery system, the FlyBar, and review paradigms and protocols for the assessment of alcohol-induced behaviors and physiology in Drosophila including the loss-of-righting reflex, sedation, tolerance, alcohol metabolism, and gut permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Fan SK, Ye JY, Zhang LL, Chen HS, Zhang HH, Zhu YX, Liu XX, Jin CW. Inhibition of DNA demethylation enhances plant tolerance to cadmium toxicity by improving iron nutrition. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:275-291. [PMID: 31703150 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the alteration of DNA methylation due to abiotic stresses, such as exposure to the toxic metal cadmium (Cd), has been often observed in plants, little is known about whether such epigenetic changes are linked to the ability of plants to adapt to stress. Herein, we report a close linkage between DNA methylation and the adaptational responses in Arabidopsis plants under Cd stress. Exposure to Cd significantly inhibited the expression of three DNA demethylase genes ROS1/DML2/DML3 (RDD) and elevated DNA methylation at the genome-wide level in Col-0 roots. Furthermore, the profile of DNA methylation in Cd-exposed Col-0 roots was similar to that in the roots of rdd triple mutants, which lack RDD, indicating that Cd-induced DNA methylation is associated with the inhibition of RDD. Interestingly, the elevation in DNA methylation in rdd conferred a higher tolerance against Cd stress and improved cellular Fe nutrition in the root tissues. In addition, lowering the Fe supply abolished improved Cd tolerance due to the lack of RDD in rdd. Together, these data suggest that the inhibition of RDD-mediated DNA demethylation in the roots by Cd would in turn enhance plant tolerance to Cd stress by improving Fe nutrition through a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Arout CA, Waters AJ, MacLean RR, Compton P, Sofuoglu M. Minocycline does not affect experimental pain or addiction-related outcomes in opioid maintained patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2857-2866. [PMID: 30564869 PMCID: PMC6581631 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, inhibits activation of microglia. In preclinical studies, minocycline prevented development of opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The goal of this study was to determine if minocycline changes pain threshold and tolerance in individuals with opioid use disorder who are maintained on agonist treatment. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized human laboratory study, 20 participants were randomized to either minocycline (200 mg/day) or placebo treatment for 15 days. The study had three test sessions (days 1, 8, and 15 of treatment) and one follow-up visit 1 week after the end of treatment. In each test session, participants were assessed on several subjective and cognitive measures, followed by assessment of pain sensitivity using the Cold Pressor Test (CPT). Daily surveys and cognitive measures using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) were also collected four times a day on days 8 through 14 of treatment, and proinflammatory serum cytokines were assessed before and on the last day of treatment. RESULTS Minocycline treatment did not change pain threshold or tolerance on the CPT. Similarly, minocycline did not change severity of pain, opioid craving, withdrawal, or serum cytokines. Minocycline treatment increased accuracy on a Go/No-Go task. CONCLUSIONS While these findings do not support minocycline's effects on OIH, minocycline may have a potential use as a cognitive enhancer for individuals with opioid use disorder, a finding that warrants further systematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Arout
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Andrew J Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Ross MacLean
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Health Administration Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peggy Compton
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Health Administration Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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28
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Coutre SE, Byrd JC, Hillmen P, Barrientos JC, Barr PM, Devereux S, Robak T, Kipps TJ, Schuh A, Moreno C, Furman RR, Burger JA, O'Dwyer M, Ghia P, Valentino R, Chang S, Dean JP, James DF, O'Brien SM. Long-term safety of single-agent ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 3 pivotal studies. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1799-1807. [PMID: 31196847 PMCID: PMC6595265 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib, a first-in-class once-daily oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is continued until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. We conducted an integrated safety analysis of single-agent ibrutinib from randomized phase 3 studies PCYC-1112 (RESONATE, n = 195) and PCYC-1115/1116 (RESONATE-2, n = 135), and examined longer-term safety separately in the phase 1b/2 PCYC-1102/1103 study (n = 94, 420 mg/d). In the integrated analysis (ibrutinib treatment up to 43 months), the most common adverse events (AEs) were primarily grade 1/2; diarrhea (n = 173, 52% any-grade; n = 15, 5% grade 3) and fatigue (n = 119, 36% any-grade; n = 10, 3% grade 3). The most common grade 3/4 AEs were neutropenia (n = 60, 18%) and pneumonia (n = 38, 12%). Over time, prevalence of AEs of interest (diarrhea, fatigue, grade ≥3 infection, bleeding, and neutropenia) trended down; prevalence of hypertension increased, but incidence decreased after year 1. AEs led to dose reductions in 42 (13%) patients and permanent discontinuations in 37 (11%); dose modifications due to AEs were most common during year 1 and decreased in frequency thereafter. The most common AEs (preferred term) contributing to discontinuation included pneumonia (n = 4), anemia (n = 3), and atrial fibrillation (n = 3). With long-term follow-up on PCYC-1102/1103 (ibrutinib treatment up to 67 months), grade 3/4 AEs were generally similar to those in the integrated analysis. Overall, AEs were primarily grade 1/2 and manageable during prolonged ibrutinib treatment in patients with CLL. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01578707, #NCT01722487, #NCT01724346, #NCT01105247, and #NCT01109069.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John C Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter Hillmen
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul M Barr
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Cancer Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Stephen Devereux
- King's College Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anna Schuh
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard R Furman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Jan A Burger
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stephen Chang
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA; and
| | - James P Dean
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA; and
| | | | - Susan M O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Boutarfi Z, Rebiahi SA, Morghad T, Perez Pulido R, Grande Burgos MJ, Mahdi F, Lucas R, Galvez A. Biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of Enterobacter spp. isolated from an Algerian hospital environment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 18:291-297. [PMID: 31005732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, 77 Enterobacter spp. isolates from a collection of 175 Gram-negative bacilli isolated from Tlemcen University Hospital Center (North-West of Algeria) were tested for antibiotic resistance, biocide tolerance and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS The isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Biocide tolerance was determined by broth microdilution, and antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion. Genetic determinants of resistance were studied by PCR amplification using suitable primers. RESULTS The most common Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae (58.4%), followed by Enterobacter hormaechei (24.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was to ticarcillin either alone or in combination with clavulanic acid (70.1%), followed by cefepime (68.8%), cefotaxime (63.6%), ceftazidime (54.5%) and gentamicin (54.5%). Tobramycin was active against 87.0% of the isolates. Levels of biocide tolerance were high for hexachlorophene and to a lesser extent for benzalkonium chloride. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in 44.2% and 36.4% of isolates, respectively. Other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) frequently detected were aac(6')-Ib (57.1%) and sul2 (50.6%). Multidrug-resistant isolates carrying several ARGs were common. Significant positive correlations were detected for efflux pump genes with ARGs and also between ARGs. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal thatEnterobacter spp. isolates from hospital settings are both resistant to clinically-used antibiotics and tolerant to biocides. Biocide tolerance could be an advantage for antibiotic-resistant strains in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Boutarfi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Sid-Ahmed Rebiahi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Touhami Morghad
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ruben Perez Pulido
- Department of Health Sciences, Microbiology Division, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Fatma Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Department of Health Sciences, Microbiology Division, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Galvez
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l'Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à l'Environnement (LAMAABE), Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria.
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30
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Della Noce B, Carvalho Uhl MVD, Machado J, Waltero CF, de Abreu LA, da Silva RM, da Fonseca RN, de Barros CM, Sabadin G, Konnai S, da Silva Vaz I, Ohashi K, Logullo C. Carbohydrate Metabolic Compensation Coupled to High Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in Ticks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4753. [PMID: 30894596 PMCID: PMC6427048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural byproducts of metabolism that have toxic effects well documented in mammals. In hematophagous arthropods, however, these processes are not largely understood. Here, we describe that Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and embryonic cell line (BME26) employ an adaptive metabolic compensation mechanism that confers tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations too high for others organisms. Tick survival and reproduction are not affected by H2O2 exposure, while BME26 cells morphology was only mildly altered by the treatment. Furthermore, H2O2-tolerant BME26 cells maintained their proliferative capacity unchanged. We evaluated several genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway, major pathways for carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism, describing a metabolic mechanism that explains such tolerance. Genetic and catalytic control of the genes and enzymes associated with these pathways are modulated by glucose uptake and energy resource availability. Transient increase in ROS levels, oxygen consumption, and ROS-scavenger enzymes, as well as decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels, were indicative of cell adaptation to high H2O2 exposure, and suggested a tolerance strategy developed by BME26 cells to cope with oxidative stress. Moreover, NADPH levels increased upon H2O2 challenge, and this phenomenon was sustained mainly by G6PDH activity. Interestingly, G6PDH knockdown in BME26 cells did not impair H2O2 tolerance, but generated an increase in NADP-ICDH transcription. In agreement with the hypothesis of a compensatory NADPH production in these cells, NADP-ICDH knockdown increased G6PDH relative transcript level. The present study unveils the first metabolic evidence of an adaptive mechanism to cope with high H2O2 exposure and maintain redox balance in ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Della Noce
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Vianna de Carvalho Uhl
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Josias Machado
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Waltero
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Araujo de Abreu
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sabadin
- Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda and Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, NUPEM-UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Frimodt-Møller J, Løbner-Olesen A. Efflux-Pump Upregulation: From Tolerance to High-level Antibiotic Resistance? Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:291-293. [PMID: 30770171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent study shows that high expression of the efflux-pump AcrAB-TolC, which increases antibiotic tolerance, reduces DNA mismatch repair in Escherichia coli to promote spontaneous mutations. Because mutations in target genes can lead to high-level resistance, this highlights how transiently tolerant cells can develop resistance in response to antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Frimodt-Møller
- Department of Biology, Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abdelkrim S, Jebara SH, Jebara M. Antioxidant systems responses and the compatible solutes as contributing factors to lead accumulation and tolerance in Lathyrus sativus inoculated by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 166:427-436. [PMID: 30292109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term lead (Pb) uptake by plants is important to better understand the mechanisms of metal uptake, plant tolerance and detoxification strategy. Thus we examined the response of Lathyrus sativus to 1 mM Pb application in hydroponic sorption kinetics at 24, 48 and 72 h, and we investigated the contribution of two inocula I1 (R. leguminosarum (M5) + B. simplex + Luteibacter sp + Variovorax sp) and I5 (R. leguminosarum (M5) + P. fluorescens (K23) + Luteibacter sp + Variovorax sp) in plant mechanisms responses. Pb application induced its immediate uptake by L. sativus with highest concentrations, which increased gradually mostly for inoculated plants. The control plant shoots accumulated the highest concentration of lead at 24 h. However, at 48 and 72 h this potential uptake was significantly enhanced in plants inoculated with I5. Moreover, inoculation increased significantly root Pb-uptake with the maximum reached at 72 h. We observed a progressive decline in chlorophyll contents after Pb exposure in control plants that was higher than in PGPR-treated plants and the greatest improvement (152%) was recorded in I5 inoculated leaves. The PGPR also promoted significant elevation in the carotenoid content with the highest increases (188%) in plants inoculated with I5 at 72 h. Data illustrated remarkable augmentation in malondialdehyde, ion leakage level and decrease in membrane stability. Whereas, inoculation enhanced significantly cellular membrane integrity through increases in membrane stability index as compared to the control plants. In response to Pb, proline biosynthesis, as well as total soluble sugars concentration, immediately increased and the stimulatory effect was more pronounced in inoculated plants at 72 h. Lead considerably altered the activities of SOD, GPOX, CAT and APX enzymes in leaves and roots in a time- and inoculation- dependent manner. It is concluded that antioxidant enzymes, carotenoids, soluble sugars and proline were involved in the main defense mechanism and tolerance of Lathyrus sativus to Pb oxidative stress, as well lead accumulation, and are likely to operate in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhir Abdelkrim
- Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia; National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Harzalli Jebara
- Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
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Alboghobeish S, Naghizadeh B, Kheirollah A, Ghorbanzadeh B, Mansouri MT. Fluoxetine increases analgesic effects of morphine, prevents development of morphine tolerance and dependence through the modulation of L-type calcium channels expression in mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 361:86-94. [PMID: 30550947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of fluoxetine on morphine-induced analgesia, as well as preventive effects of it on morphine induced tolerance and dependence in mice. We also elucidate the involvement of L-type Ca2+ channels in these phenomena. To induce morphine tolerance, mice were treated with morphine (50 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. To evaluate the involvement of the calcium channel in the effects of fluoxetine (5, 20 mg/kg), combination ineffective doses of the two L-type calcium channel blockers, nimodipine (5 mg/kg) or diltiazem (20 mg/kg) with flouxetine were used with each morphine dose. Nociceptive behavior was evaluated using hot-plate test, while physical dependence assessed by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the fourth day of experiment. The expression of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 subunits of the L-type calcium channels in cortex and mesolimbic tissues were measured using western immunoassay. Results showed that co-administration of fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) with morphine increased its acute analgesia effect and prevented the induction of morphine antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence in mice. Moreover, these effects was potentiated by pre-treatment with diltiazem or nimodipine. Results also showed up-regulation of the Cav1.3 and Cav1.2 expression in the cerebral cortex and mesolimbic regions through the development of morphine dependence. Moreover, chronic administration of fluoxetine with morphine reduced the observed up-regulation of Cav1.3 and Cav1.2 expression in cortex and mesolimbic tissues. Our data indicated that co-administering of fluoxetine with morphine could potentiate the antinociceptive effect of morphine, prevent morphine analgesia tolerance and attenuated the morphine withdrawal signs during induction phases. Moreover, we also pointed out for the first time the role of L-type Ca2+ channel channels in the modulatory effects of fluoxetine on the morphine-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Naghizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular &Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cicero TJ, Kasper ZA, Ellis MS. Increased use of heroin as an initiating opioid of abuse: Further considerations and policy implications. Addict Behav 2018; 87:267-271. [PMID: 30006021 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, we reported a marked increase in the use of heroin as an initiating opioid in non-tolerant, first time opioid users. In the current paper, we sought to update and expand upon these results, with a discussion of the policy implications on the overall opioid epidemic. METHODS Opioid initiation data from the original study were updated to include surveys completed through 2017 (N = 8382) from a national sample of treatment-seeking opioid users. In addition, past month abuse of heroin and prescription were analyzed as raw numbers of treatment program entrant in the last five years (2013-2017), drawing from only those treatment centers that participated every year in that time frame. RESULTS The updated data confirm and extend the results of our original study: the use of heroin as an initiating opioid increased from 8.7% in 2005 to 31.6% in 2015, with increases in overall Ns per initiation year reflecting a narrowing of the "treatment gap", the time lag between opioid initiation from 2005 to 2015 and later treatment admission (up to 2017). Slight decreases were observed in treatment admissions, but this decline was totally confined to prescription opioid use, with heroin use continuing to increase in absolute numbers. CONCLUSIONS Given that opioid novices have limited tolerance, the risk of fatal overdose for heroin initiates is elevated compared to prescription opioids, particularly given non-oral administration and often unknown purity/adulterants (i.e., fentanyl). Imprecision of titrating dose among opioid novices may explain observed increases opioid overdoses. Future policy decisions should note that prescription opioid-specific interventions may have little impact on a growing heroin epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Cicero
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - Zachary A Kasper
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Matthew S Ellis
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Nicholson MW, Sweeney A, Pekle E, Alam S, Ali AB, Duchen M, Jovanovic JN. Diazepam-induced loss of inhibitory synapses mediated by PLCδ/ Ca 2+/calcineurin signalling downstream of GABAA receptors. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1851-1867. [PMID: 29904150 PMCID: PMC6232101 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), GABA-gated chloride/bicarbonate channels, which are the key mediators of transmission at inhibitory synapses in the brain. This activity underpins potent anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines in patients. However, extended benzodiazepine treatments lead to development of tolerance, a process which, despite its important therapeutic implications, remains poorly characterised. Here we report that prolonged exposure to diazepam, the most widely used benzodiazepine in clinic, leads to a gradual disruption of neuronal inhibitory GABAergic synapses. The loss of synapses and the preceding, time- and dose-dependent decrease in surface levels of GABAARs, mediated by dynamin-dependent internalisation, were blocked by Ro 15-1788, a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist, and bicuculline, a competitive GABA antagonist, indicating that prolonged enhancement of GABAAR activity by diazepam is integral to the underlying molecular mechanism. Characterisation of this mechanism has revealed a metabotropic-type signalling downstream of GABAARs, involving mobilisation of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores and activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which, in turn, dephosphorylates GABAARs and promotes their endocytosis, leading to disassembly of inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, functional coupling between GABAARs and Ca2+ stores was sensitive to phospholipase C (PLC) inhibition by U73122, and regulated by PLCδ, a PLC isoform found in direct association with GABAARs. Thus, a PLCδ/Ca2+/calcineurin signalling cascade converts the initial enhancement of GABAARs by benzodiazepines to a long-term downregulation of GABAergic synapses, this potentially underpinning the development of pharmacological and behavioural tolerance to these widely prescribed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Sweeney
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Eva Pekle
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sabina Alam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Afia B Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael Duchen
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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Abstract
Study Objectives To assess the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a "sleep aid," we evaluated tolerance development to pre-sleep ethanol's sedative-hypnotic effects, and subsequent ethanol dose escalation. Methods Volunteers, 21-55 years old, with insomnia in otherwise good medical and psychiatric health and no history of alcoholism or drug abuse participated. In experiment 1 (n = 24) 0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 g/kg (n = 8 per dose) ethanol was administered before sleep and 8-hour nocturnal polysomnograms (NPSGs) were collected. In experiment 2, after six nights pretreatment with ethanol 0.45 g/kg (n = 6) versus placebo (n = 6), choice of pre-sleep ethanol or placebo was assessed over seven choice nights. Results The 0.6 g/kg ethanol dose increased total sleep time and stage 3-4 sleep on night 2, but these effects were lost by night 6 (p < .05). Six nights of ethanol pretreatment produced on the choice nights more self-administered ethanol refills than the placebo pretreatment (p < .03). Conclusions These are the first data to explicitly show the risks associated with the use of alcohol as a "sleep aid" among people with insomnia. Initially, a moderate dose of ethanol improved NPSG sleep, which was lost by night 6. Tolerance was associated with enhanced self-administration of pre-sleep ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Roehrs
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Thomas Roth
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Chen YH, Ge CL, Wang H, Ge MH, He QQ, Zhang Y, Tian W, Wu ZX. GCY-35/GCY-36-TAX-2/TAX-4 Signalling in O 2 Sensory Neurons Mediates Acute Functional Ethanol Tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3020. [PMID: 29445226 PMCID: PMC5813177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is a widely used beverage and abused drug. Alcoholism causes severe damage to human health and creates serious social problems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ethanol actions is important for the development of effective therapies. Alcohol has a wide spectrum of effects on physiological activities and behaviours, from sensitization to sedation and even intoxication with increasing concentrations. Animals develop tolerance to ethanol. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, NPR-1 negatively regulates the development of acute tolerance to ethanol. Here, using in vivo Ca2+ imaging, behavioural tests and chemogenetic manipulation, we show that the soluble guanylate cyclase complex GCY-35/GCY-36-TAX-2/TAX-4 signalling pathway in O2 sensory neurons positively regulates acute functional tolerance in npr-1 worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Li Ge
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hai Ge
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
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Fan YX, Qian C, Liu B, Wang C, Liu H, Pan X, Teng P, Hu L, Zhang G, Han Y, Yang M, Wu XF, Liu WT. Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 via HSF-1-HSP70-TLR4 axis attenuates neuroinflammation and ameliorates postoperative pain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:111-122. [PMID: 29017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain is a common form of acute pain that, if not managed effectively, can become chronic pain. Evidence has shown that glia, especially microglia, mediate neuroinflammation, which plays a vital role in pain sensitization. Moreover, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R), the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) have been considered key components in central pain sensitization and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the body's endogenous "immune brakes" will inhibit these receptors and achieve inflammation tolerance as well as relieve postoperative pain. After searching for potential candidates to serve as this immune brake, we identified and focused on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene. To regulate SOCS3 expression, we used paeoniflorin to induce heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/TLR4 signaling. We found that paeoniflorin significantly induced SOCS3 expression both in vitro and in vivo and promoted the efflux of HSP70 from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin markedly attenuated incision-induced mechanical allodynia, and this effect was abolished by small interfering RNAs targeting SOCS3. These findings demonstrated an effective and safe strategy to alleviate postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Gonek M, Akbarali HI, Henderson G, Dewey WL. Reversal of oxycodone and hydrocodone tolerance by diazepam. Brain Res 2017; 1674:84-90. [PMID: 28830768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control has declared opioid abuse to be an epidemic. Overdose deaths are largely assumed to be the result of excessive opioid consumption. In many of these cases, however, opioid abusers are often polydrug abusers. Benzodiazepines are one of the most commonly co-abused substances and pose a significant risk to opioid users. In 2016, the FDA required boxed warnings - the FDA's strongest warning - for prescription opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines about the serious risks associated with using these medications at the same time. The point of our studies was to evaluate the interactions between these two classes of drugs. We investigated whether diazepam adds to the depressant effects of opioids or do they alter the levels of tolerance to opioids. In the present study, we have found that the antinociceptive tolerance that developed to repeated administration of oxycodone was reversed by an acute dose of diazepam. Antinociceptive tolerance to hydrocodone was also reversed by acute injection of diazepam; however, a fourfold higher dose of diazepam was required when compared to reversal of oxycodone-induced tolerance. These doses of diazepam did not potentiate the acute antinociceptive effect of either opioid. The same dose of diazepam that reversed oxycodone antinociceptive tolerance also reversed oxycodone locomotor tolerance while having no potentiating effects. These studies show that diazepam does not potentiate the acute effect of prescription opioids but reverses the tolerance developed after chronic administration of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gonek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
| | - Graeme Henderson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA
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Piercey MJ, Ells TC, Macintosh AJ, Truelstrup Hansen L. Variations in biofilm formation, desiccation resistance and Benzalkonium chloride susceptibility among Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 257:254-261. [PMID: 28710947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic foodborne microorganism noted for its ability to survive in the environment and food processing facilities. Survival may be related to the phenotype of individual strains including the ability to form biofilms and resist desiccation and/or sanitizer exposure. The objectives of this research were to compare 14 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from blood (3), food (6) and water (5) with respect to their benzalkonium chloride (BAC) sensitivity, desiccation resistance, and ability to form biofilm. Correlations were tested between those responses, and the presence of the SSI-1 (Stress Survival Islet) and LGI1/CC8 (Listeria Genomic Island 1 in a clonal complex 8 background) genetic markers. Genetic sequences from four strains representing different phenotypes were also probed for predicted amino acid differences in biofilm, desiccation, and membrane related genes. The water isolates were among the most desiccation susceptible strains, while strains exhibiting desiccation resistance harboured SSI-1 or both the SSI-1 and LGI1/CC8 markers. BAC resistance was greatest in planktonic LGI1/CC8 cells (relative to non-LGI1/CC8 cells), and higher BAC concentrations were also needed to inhibit the formation of biofilm by LGI1/CC8 strains during incubation for 48h and 6days compared to other strains. Formation of biofilm on stainless steel was not significantly (p>0.05) different among the strains. Analysis of genetic sequence data from desiccation and BAC sensitive (CP4 5-1, CP5 2-3, both from water), intermediate (Lm568, food) and desiccation and BAC resistant (08 5578, blood, human outbreak) strains led to the finding of amino acid differences in predicted functional protein domains in several biofilm, desiccation and peptidoglycan related genes (e.g., lmo0263, lmo0433, lmo0434, lmo0771, lmo0973, lmo1080, lmo1224, lmo1370, lmo1744, and lmo2558). Notably, the LGI1/CC8 strain 08-5578 had a frameshift mutation in lmo1370, a gene previously associated with desiccation resistance. In conclusion, the more desiccation and BAC resistant LGI1/CC8 isolates may pose a challenge for sanitation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Piercey
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Timothy C Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Andrew J Macintosh
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Sedman T, Vasar E, Volke V. Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide's Glucose-Lowering Effect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2335-2339. [PMID: 28379427 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are popular antidiabetic drugs with potent glucose-lowering effects and low risk of hypoglycemia. Animal experiments and human data indicate that tolerance develops toward at least some of their effects (e.g., gastric motility). Whether tolerance develops toward the glucose-lowering effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists has never been formally tested. OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis whether tolerance develops toward glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists' glucose-lowering effect in chronic use. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION We conducted a single group, open-label clinical trial. Ten healthy volunteers were treated with 0.6 mg liraglutide once daily subcutaneously for 21 days. The drug's effect was quantified by serial graded glucose infusion tests, with glucose and c-peptide measured every 20 minutes and insulin secretion rate calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was a change in the dose-response relationship between calculated insulin secretion rate and blood glucose level after acute and chronic administration of liraglutide. RESULTS Liraglutide clearly decreased the glucose values during the graded glucose infusion test and robustly enhanced insulin secretion. For all parameters, chronic liraglutide was as effective as acute treatment in human subjects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that our results largely refute the hypothesis of tolerance development with prolonged liraglutide use in healthy nonobese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Sedman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Volke
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Basaraba RJ, Ojha AK. Mycobacterial Biofilms: Revisiting Tuberculosis Bacilli in Extracellular Necrotizing Lesions. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0024-2016. [PMID: 28597824 PMCID: PMC7875192 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0024-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under detergent-free in vitro conditions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis in humans, spontaneously forms organized multicellular structures called biofilms. Moreover, in vitro biofilms of M. tuberculosis are more persistent against antibiotics than their single-cell planktonic counterparts, thereby raising questions about the occurrence of biofilms in the host tissues and their significance in persistence during chemotherapy of tuberculosis. In this article, we present arguments that extracellular M. tuberculosis in necrotizing lesions likely grows as biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Basaraba
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Co 80524
| | - Anil K Ojha
- Wadsworth Center, NY State Department of Health and University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208
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Rahmati B, Beik A. Prevention of morphine dependence and tolerance by Nepeta menthoides was accompanied by attenuation of Nitric oxide overproduction in male mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 199:39-51. [PMID: 28130112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Repeated administration of morphine for chronic pain leads to dependence and tolerance that limits clinical usage. Nepeta menthoides is commonly known as Iranian Ustukhuddoos and are administered in traditional medicine for gastrodynia, bone pain, blood depurative and restlessness. AIMS OF STUDY To investigate the effects of Nepeta menthoides on expression and acquisition of morphine dependence and tolerance in mice with regard to oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphine dependence in mice was developed by administration of gradually increasing doses of morphine twice daily for 7 consecutive days. In experimental groups, administration of Nepeta menthoides (200 and 400mg/kg), methadone and their combination were performed 60min prior to each morphine injection (for acquisition) or the last injection of morphine on test day (for expression). Morphine tolerance was measured by the tail-immersion test before and after the administration of a single dose of morphine (100mg/kg; i.p.) on the test day (8th day). Morphine dependence was also evaluated by counting the number of jumps after the injection of naloxone (5mg/kg; i.p.). RESULTS Nepeta menthoides, similar to methadone, significantly prevented the development (but not the expression) of morphine dependence, tolerance, and potentiated morphine antinociception and also reduced (23.23±1.15) Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction (35.23±3.36) (in compared with naloxone group (6.3±0.52)). However, single and repeated application of the extract could not change high single-dose morphine analgesia. CONCLUSION It appears that Nepeta menthoides and methadone prevented morphine dependence and tolerance, partly through inhibition of the NO overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Rahmati
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, 1417953836 Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, 3319118651 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Beik
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, 3319118651 Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a unique ligand-operated chaperone present in key areas for pain control, in both the peripheral and central nervous system. Sigma-1 receptors interact with a variety of protein targets to modify their function. These targets include several G-protein-coupled receptors such as the μ-opioid receptor, and ion channels such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Sigma-1 antagonists modify the chaperoning activity of sigma-1 receptor by increasing opioid signaling and decreasing NMDAR responses, consequently enhancing opioid antinociception and decreasing the sensory hypersensitivity that characterizes pathological pain conditions. However, the participation in pain relief of other protein partners of sigma-1 receptors in addition to opioid receptors and NMDARs cannot be ruled out. The enhanced opioid antinociception by sigma-1 antagonism is not accompanied by an increase in opioid side effects , including tolerance, dependence or constipation, so the use of sigma-1 antagonists may increase the therapeutic index of opioids. Furthermore, sigma-1 antagonists (in the absence of opioids) have been shown to exert antinociceptive effects in preclinical models of neuropathic pain induced by nerve trauma or chemical injury (the antineoplastic paclitaxel), and more recently in inflammatory and ischemic pain. Although most studies attributed the analgesic properties of sigma-1 antagonists to their central actions, it is now known that peripheral sigma-1 receptors also participate in their effects. Overwhelming preclinical evidence of the role of sigma-1 receptors in pain has led to the development of the first selective sigma-1 antagonist with an intended indication for pain treatment, which is currently in Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Entrena
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Animal Behavior Research Unit, Scientific Instrumentation Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Baeyens
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique José Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Talarek S, Listos J, Orzelska-Gorka J, Jakobczuk M, Kotlinska J, Biala G. The Importance of L-Arginine:NO:cGMP Pathway in Tolerance to Flunitrazepam in Mice. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:309-316. [PMID: 27957675 PMCID: PMC5236083 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of drugs modifying l-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway on the development of tolerance to flunitrazepam (FNZ)-induced motor impairment in mice. FNZ-induced motor incoordination was assessed on the 1st and 8th days of experiment, using the rotarod and chimney tests. It was found that (a) both a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor: NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and an unselective neuronal NOS inhibitor: 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) inhibited the development of tolerance to the motor-impairing effects of FNZ in the rotarod and the chimney tests and (b) both a NO precursor: l-arginine and a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): sildenafil did not affect the development of tolerance to FNZ-induced motor impairment in mice. Those findings provided behavioural evidence that NO could contribute an important role in the development of tolerance to FNZ in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Talarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Orzelska-Gorka
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jakobczuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kotlinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Biala
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Ulugol A, Topuz RD, Gunduz O, Kizilay G, Karadag HC. Changes in nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels in rat brain regions after acute and chronic cannabinoid treatment in conjunction with the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:537-548. [PMID: 27371029 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been indicated that acute and chronic morphine administrations enhance nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) levels in the brain, which might play role in the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Accordingly, N/OFQ receptor (NOP) antagonists have been shown to prevent the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Our aim is to observe whether cannabinoids, similarly to opioids, enhance N/OFQ levels in pain-related brain regions and whether antagonism of NOP receptors attenuates the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of cannabinoids. Hot plate and Tail flick tests are used to assess the antinociceptive response in Sprague-Dawley rats. N/OFQ levels are measured in cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus of rat brains using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Within 9 days, animals became completely tolerant to the antinociceptive effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (2, 4, 6 mg/kg, i.p.). Chronic administration of JTC-801, a NOP receptor antagonist, at a dose that exerted no effect on its own (1 mg/kg, i.p.), attenuated development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of WIN 55,212-2 (4 mg/kg, i.p.). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that N/OFQ levels significantly increased in amygdala, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and locus coeruleus of rat brains when WIN 55,212-2 was combined with JTC-801. We hypothesize that, similar to opioids, chronic cannabinoid + NOP antagonist administration may enhance N/OFQ levels and NOP receptor antagonism prevents development of tolerance to cannabinoid antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ulugol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ruhan D Topuz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Kizilay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan C Karadag
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
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Abstract
One area that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of chronic pain and opioid tolerance/hyperalgesia is the modulation of the central nervous system (CNS) immunological response that ensues following injury or opioid administration. Broadly defined, central neuroimmune activation involves the activation of cells that interface with the peripheral nervous system and blood. Activation of these cells, as well as parenchymal microglia and astrocytes by injury, opioids, and other stressors, leads to subsequent production of cytokines, cellular adhesion molecules, chemokines, and the expression of surface antigens that enhance a CNS immune cascade. This response can lead to the production of numerous pain mediators that can sensitize and lower the threshold of neuronal firing: the pathologic correlate to central sensitization and chronic pain states. CNS innate immunity and Toll-like receptors, in particular, may be vital players in this orchestrated immune response and may hold the answers to what initiates this complex cascade. The challenge remains in the careful perturbation of injury/opioid-induced neuroimmune activation to down-regulate this process without inhibiting beneficial CNS autoimmunity that subserves neuronal protection following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A DeLeo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Blau PA, Schwade N, Roland P. Diazepam Tolerance Effects on Vestibular Function Testing, Part II: Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Parameters during Rotational Testing. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 114:722-9. [PMID: 16240937 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether clinical doses of diazepam (DZ; 10 mg/d) administered for 14 days result in tolerance as measured by the sinuosidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) rotational test. It has been shown that repeated dosing with DZ leads to accumulation and tolerance in outcome measures that assess memory, sedation, and psychomotor tasks. Methods: In a double-blinded, repeated-measures design, 30 normal male subjects who ranged in age from 20 to 36 years were randomly assigned to a placebo group or a DZ group and participated in 6 SHA rotational sessions over a 2-week period. Analysis of drug-placebo differences in percent change from baseline was performed with a 1-way analysis of variance. Results: Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and phase frequencies at 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 Hz were significant (p < .05) for treatment group. No significant effect was observed for gain and phase frequency at 0.16 Hz — a finding that indicates selective effects on different central nervous system mechanisms. There was no statistical significance for time. Conclusions: Clinically, the DZ subjects' scores remained within the normal ranges for vestibulo-ocular phase and gain, suggesting that patients in whom drug cessation is problematic may not have to discontinue DZ before testing with the SHA rotational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Blau
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390-8876, USA
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Altun A, Ozdemir E, Yildirim K, Gursoy S, Durmus N, Bagcivan I. The effects of endocannabinoid receptor agonist anandamide and antagonist rimonabant on opioid analgesia and tolerance in rats. Gen Physiol Biophys 2016; 34:433-40. [PMID: 26374993 DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2015017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cannabinoid (CB) system in the tolerance to analgesic effect of opioid remains obscure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the endocannabinoid nonselective receptor agonist anandamide (AEA) and CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Male Wistar albino rats weighing 215-230 g were used in these experiments. To constitute morphine analgesic tolerance, a 3-day cumulative dosing regimen was used. The analgesic effects of AEA (10 mg/kg), SR141716 (10 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg) were considered at 30-min intervals by tail flick (TF) and hot plate (HP) analgesia tests. The analgesic effects of the drugs were measured as TF and HP latencies in all groups for each rat and converted to %MPE. The data were analysed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. The findings suggested that AEA in combination with morphine produced a significant increase in expression of analgesic tolerance to morphine. Conversely, cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716 attenuated morphine analgesic tolerance. In addition, administration of AEA with morphine increased morphine analgesia. In conclusion, we observed that the cannabinoid receptor agonist anandamide and CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 plays a significant role in the opioid analgesia and tolerance.
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