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Wilhelmi P, Haake V, Zickgraf FM, Giri V, Ternes P, Driemert P, Nöth J, Scholz S, Barenys M, Flick B, Birk B, Kamp H, Landsiedel R, Funk-Weyer D. Molecular signatures of angiogenesis inhibitors: a single-embryo untargeted metabolomics approach in zebrafish. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:943-956. [PMID: 38285066 PMCID: PMC10861732 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in embryonic development, a disruption of this process can lead to severe developmental defects, such as limb malformations. The identification of molecular perturbations representative of antiangiogenesis in zebrafish embryo (ZFE) may guide the assessment of developmental toxicity from an endpoint- to a mechanism-based approach, thereby improving the extrapolation of findings to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to discover molecular changes characteristic of antiangiogenesis and developmental toxicity. We exposed ZFEs to two antiangiogenic drugs (SU4312, sorafenib) and two developmental toxicants (methotrexate, rotenone) with putative antiangiogenic action. Molecular changes were measured by performing untargeted metabolomics in single embryos. The metabolome response was accompanied by the occurrence of morphological alterations. Two distinct metabolic effect patterns were observed. The first pattern comprised common effects of two specific angiogenesis inhibitors and the known teratogen methotrexate, strongly suggesting a shared mode of action of antiangiogenesis and developmental toxicity. The second pattern involved joint effects of methotrexate and rotenone, likely related to disturbances in energy metabolism. The metabolites of the first pattern, such as phosphatidylserines, pterines, retinol, or coenzyme Q precursors, represented potential links to antiangiogenesis and related developmental toxicity. The metabolic effect pattern can contribute to biomarker identification for a mechanism-based toxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wilhelmi
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany.
- University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Volker Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solutions, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska M Zickgraf
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Varun Giri
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Nöth
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marta Barenys
- University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Flick
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
- Preclinical Compound Profiling, Toxicology, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Birk
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Free University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen Am Rhein, Germany
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2
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Borodic G. Botulinum toxin type A in multimodal management of age-related macular degeneration and related diseases. Toxicon 2023; 236:107170. [PMID: 37210045 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of visual loss in the aging population in the Western world. In past decade, intra ocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) pharmaceuticals have revolutionized therapy for exudative (edematous-wet) AMD and become standard practice for the near term. However repeated intra-ocular injections are required for years and long terms results have been limited. The pathogenesis of this condition is multifactorial involving genetic, ischemic, inflammatory factors leading to neovascularization, edema and retinal pigment epithelial scaring resulting in photoreceptor destruction. Based on coincidental observation in reduction in AMD related macular edema on ocular coherence tomography (OCT) in a BoNT A treated patient with facial movement disease, BoNT-A at conventional doses targeting the para orbital area was added to therapeutic regiment in a small number of patients with exudative macular degeneration or related diseases. Measurements of edema and choriocapillaris using Spectral Doman (OCT) and Ocular Coherence Angiography (OCT-A) and Snellen visual acuity were made over the evaluation period. 15 eyes in 14 patients averaged 361 μm central sub foveal edema (CSFT) pre injection and average of 266 μm (CSFT) post injection over an average of 21 months and 5.7 cycles using BoNT A alone at conventional doses (n = 86 post injection measurements, paired t-test p < 0.001 two tailed). Visions at baseline in patients with 20/40 or worse averaged 20/100- pre injection improved to an average of 20/40- in the post injection period (n = 49 measurements p < 0.002 paired t-test). The previous data was added to a group of 12 more severely afflicted patients receiving anti VEGF (aflibercept or bevacizumab) (total 27 patients). With this 27-patient group, patients were followed for an average of 20 months and receiving average of 6 cycles at conventional doses. Improvement in exudative edema and vision were noted with pre injection baseline CSFT average 399.5, post injection average 267, n = 303 post measurement, independent t-test P < 0.0001.). Snellen vision 20/128 baseline average improved to average of 20/60- during post injection period (n = 157 post injection measurements, p < 0.0001 paired t-test to baseline). No substantial adverse effects were noted. Cyclic effects were noted corresponding to duration of action of BoNT-A on a number of patients. The above data is preliminary and is skewed toward early leakage for all conditions. BoNT A may have a role in the treatment of aged related macular degeneration. Controlled studies are needed with careful staging and baseline stratifications for multi-modal management paradigms. The findings are discussed relative to known botulinum toxin type A pharmacology and AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Borodic
- Associated Eye Physicians and Surgeons Inc, Quincy, Ma, 02169, USA.
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3
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de Abrantes RA, Batista TM, Mangueira VM, de Sousa TKG, Ferreira RC, Moura APG, Abreu LS, Alves AF, Velozo ES, Batista LM, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, Sobral MV. Antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of Tonantzitlolone B, an uncommon diterpene from Stillingia loranthacea. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:267-274. [PMID: 34854946 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have played a pivotal role for the discovery of anticancer drugs. Tonantzitlolones are flexibilan-type diterpenes rare in nature; therefore, few reports have shown antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antitumor action of Tonantzitlolone B (TNZ-B) and its toxicity. Toxicity was evaluated in mice (acute and micronucleus assays). Antitumor activity of TNZ-B (1.5 or 3 mg/kg intraperitoneally - i.p.) was assessed in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model. Angiogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were also investigated, in addition to toxicological effects after 7-day treatment. The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) was estimated at around 25 mg/kg (i.p.), and no genotoxicity was recorded. TNZ-B reduced the Ehrlich tumor's volume and total viable cancer cell count (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, TNZ-B reduced peritumoral microvessel density (p < 0.01), suggesting antiangiogenic action. Moreover, a decrease was observed on ROS (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (p < 0.001) levels. No significant clinical findings were observed in the analysis of biochemical, hematological, and histological (liver and kidney) parameters. In conclusion, TNZ-B exerts antitumor and antiangiogenic effects by reducing ROS and NO levels and has weak in vivo dose-repeated toxicity. These data contribute to elucidate the antitumor action of TNZ-B and point the way for further studies with this natural compound as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A de Abrantes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatianne M Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vivianne M Mangueira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatyanna K G de Sousa
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Ferreira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G Moura
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Abreu
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Eudes S Velozo
- Research Laboratory in Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leônia M Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marianna V Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Yu Q, Li K, Zhao A, Wei M, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lian T, Wang C, Xu L, Zhang Y, Xu C, Liu F. Sorafenib not only impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation but also promotes vasoconstriction through the upregulation of vasoconstrictive endothelin type B receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 414:115420. [PMID: 33503445 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a VEGF-targeting agent, sorafenib has been used to treat a number of solid tumors but can easily lead to adverse vascular effects. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, rat mesenteric arteries were subjected to organ cultured in the presence of different concentrations of sorafenib (0, 3, 6 and 9 mg/L) with or without inhibitors (U0126, 10-5 M; SB203580, 10-5 M; SP200126, 10-5 M) of MAPK kinases, and then acetylcholine- or sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation and sarafotoxin 6c-induced vasoconstriction were monitored by a sensitive myograph. The NO synthetases, the nitrite levels, the endothelial marker CD31,the ETB and ETA receptors and the phosphorylation of MAPK kinases were studied. Next, rats were orally administrated by sorafenib for 4 weeks (7.5 and 15 mg/kg/day), and their blood pressure, plasma ET-1, the ETB and ETA receptors and the phosphorylation of MAPK kinases in the mesenteric arteries were investigated. The results showed that sorafenib impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to decreased NO levels and the low expression of eNOS and iNOS. Weak staining for CD31 indicated that sorafenib induced endothelial damage. Moreover, sorafenib caused the upregulation of vasoconstrictive ETB receptors, the enhancement of ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and the activation of JNK/MAPK. Blocking the JNK, ERK1/2 and p38/MAPK signaling pathways by using the inhibitors significantly abolished ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Furthermore, it was observed that the oral administration of sorafenib caused an increase in blood pressure and plasma ET-1, upregulation of the ETB receptor and the activation of JNK in the mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, sorafenib not only impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation but also enhances ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction, which may be the causal factors for hypertension and other adverse vascular effects in patients treated with sorafenib.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin B/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sorafenib/toxicity
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Up-Regulation
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mengqian Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenhao Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Ting Lian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Cangbao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710010, China.
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5
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Park JF, Clark VR, Banerjee S, Hong J, Razee A, Williams T, Fishbein G, Saddic L, Umar S. Transcriptomic Analysis of Right Ventricular Remodeling in Two Rat Models of Pulmonary Hypertension: Identification and Validation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Right Ventricular Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007058. [PMID: 33541093 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a significant prognostic determinant of morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite the importance of RV function in PAH, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RV dysfunction secondary to PAH remain unclear. We aim to identify and compare molecular determinants of RV failure using RNA sequencing of RV tissue from 2 clinically relevant animal models of PAH. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on RV from rats treated with monocrotaline or Sugen with hypoxia/normoxia. PAH and RV failure were confirmed by catheterization and echocardiography. We validated the RV transcriptome results using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed on human RV tissue from control (n=3) and PAH-induced RV failure patients (n=5). RESULTS We identified similar transcriptomic profiles of RV from monocrotaline- and Sugen with hypoxia-induced RV failure. Pathway analysis showed genes enriched in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and metabolism. Histological staining of human RV tissue from patients with RV failure secondary to PAH revealed significant RV fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as elevated cellular communication network factor 2 (top gene implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) expression in perivascular areas compared with normal RV. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic signature of RV failure in monocrotaline and Sugen with hypoxia models showed similar gene expressions and biological pathways. We provide translational relevance of this transcriptomic signature using RV from patients with PAH to demonstrate evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and protein expression of cellular communication network factor 2 (CTGF [connective tissue growth factor]). Targeting specific molecular mechanisms responsible for RV failure in monocrotaline and Sugen with hypoxia models may identify novel therapeutic strategies for PAH-associated RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Park
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Varina R Clark
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Somanshu Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason Hong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (J.H.)
| | - Asif Razee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany Williams
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gregory Fishbein
- Department of Pathology (G.F.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lou Saddic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (J.F.P., V.R.C., S.B., J.H., A.R., T.W., L.S., S.U.), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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6
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Thanarajasingam G, Leonard JP, Witzig TE, Habermann TM, Blum KA, Bartlett NL, Flowers CR, Pitcher BN, Jung SH, Atherton PJ, Tan A, Novotny PJ, Dueck AC. Longitudinal Toxicity over Time (ToxT) analysis to evaluate tolerability: a case study of lenalidomide in the CALGB 50401 (Alliance) trial. Lancet Haematol 2020; 7:e490-e497. [PMID: 32470440 PMCID: PMC7457391 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of tolerability is increasingly relevant for patients with haematological malignancies treated with chronically administered therapies. Adverse events from these agents might affect the ability of patients to tolerate treatment over time. Conventional toxicity tables that include the incidence of high-grade adverse events, defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, do not provide information on the time profile of these adverse events or reflect the continuous, lower grade symptomatic toxicities that are particularly relevant to treatment tolerability for patients living with indolent disease. Modern approaches to the evaluation and reporting of toxicity that capture the tolerability of treatment to the patient are imperative. In this Viewpoint, we present a focused, pilot, and longitudinal Toxicity over Time analysis of adverse events from lenalidomide and lenalidomide with rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in the CALGB 50401 (Alliance; NCT00238238) trial to define the trajectory of adverse events and quantify the burden of continuous, low-grade events. Toxicity over Time analyses provided clinically relevant descriptions of neutropenia and fatigue trajectories caused by lenalidomide that were not identified by standard analysis of the maximum grade events defined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Systematic, rigorous incorporation of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials will be crucial to our understanding of the tolerability of chronically administered therapies in patients with haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Leonard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kristie A Blum
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy L Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela J Atherton
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angelina Tan
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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7
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Park H, Lee JY, Park S, Song G, Lim W. Developmental toxicity of fipronil in early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Disrupted vascular formation with angiogenic failure and inhibited neurogenesis. J Hazard Mater 2020; 385:121531. [PMID: 31732348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil has been widely used in agriculture to prevent aggressive insects from damaging agricultural products. Fipronil residues circulate in the environment and they have been detected in non-targeted organisms in aquatic environments. To study the effect of fipronil toxicity on environmental health, 6 h post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were treated with fipronil for 72 h. LC50 value was obtained by applying varying concentrations of fipronil to zebrafish embryos for 72 h. As zebrafish embryos are useful vertebrate models for studying developmental and genetic findings in toxicology research, they were exposed to fipronil to study detailed elucidating mechanisms with hazardous end points of toxicity. Cell cycle arrest-related apoptosis supported pathological alterations, such as increased mortality, shortened body length, and reduced hatchability. Furthermore, observed heart defects, including edema and irregular heartbeat were caused due to abnormal blood circulation. In transgenic zebrafish models (fli1:eGFP and olig2:dsRED), disrupted blood vessel formations were indicated by eGFP+ endothelial cells. Moreover, neurogenic defects were observed by studying dsRED+ motor neurons and oligodendrocytes. This study demonstrates fipronil accumulation in aquatic environment and its ability to impair essential processes, such as angiogenesis and neurogenesis during early developmental stage of zebrafish, along with general developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Suresh K, Servinsky L, Jiang H, Bigham Z, Zaldumbide J, Huetsch JC, Kliment C, Acoba MG, Kirsch BJ, Claypool SM, Le A, Damarla M, Shimoda LA. Regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation in microvascular endothelial cells isolated from the SU5416/hypoxia model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L639-L652. [PMID: 31461316 PMCID: PMC6879901 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00396.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a morbid disease characterized by progressive right ventricle (RV) failure due to elevated pulmonary artery pressures (PAP). In PAH, histologically complex vaso-occlusive lesions in the pulmonary vasculature contribute to elevated PAP. However, the mechanisms underlying dysfunction of the microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) that comprise a significant portion of these lesions are not well understood. We recently showed that MVECs isolated from the Sugen/hypoxia (SuHx) rat experimental model of PAH (SuHx-MVECs) exhibit increases in migration/proliferation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS; mtROS) production, intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i), and mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, quenching mtROS with the targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated basal [Ca2+]i, migration and proliferation; however, whether increased mtROS-induced [Ca2+]i entry affected mitochondrial morphology was not clear. In this study, we sought to better understand the relationship between increased ROS, [Ca2+]i, and mitochondrial morphology in SuHx-MVECs. We measured changes in mitochondrial morphology at baseline and following inhibition of mtROS, with the targeted antioxidant MitoQ, or transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channels, which we previously showed were responsible for mtROS-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in SuHx-MVECs. Quenching mtROS or inhibiting TRPV4 attenuated fragmentation in SuHx-MVECs. Conversely, inducing mtROS production in MVECs from normoxic rats (N-MVECs) increased fragmentation. Ca2+ entry induced by the TRPV4 agonist GSK1017920A was significantly increased in SuHx-MVECs and was attenuated with MitoQ treatment, indicating that mtROS contributes to increased TRPV4 activity in SuHx-MVECs. Basal and maximal respiration were depressed in SuHx-MVECs, and inhibiting mtROS, but not TRPV4, improved respiration in these cells. Collectively, our data show that, in SuHx-MVECs, mtROS production promotes TRPV4-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i, mitochondrial fission, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest an important role for mtROS in driving MVEC dysfunction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Servinsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zahna Bigham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel Zaldumbide
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John C Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corrine Kliment
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle G Acoba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Lechner J, Hombrebueno JR, Pedrini E, Chen M, Xu H. Sustained intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation does not affect retinal and choroidal vasculature in Ins2 Akita diabetic mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:440-449. [PMID: 31023085 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119843092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of sustained intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation on the retinal and choroidal vasculature in diabetic eyes. Ins2Akita diabetic mice received five intravitreal injections of anti-mouse vascular endothelial growth factor antibody or goat immunoglobulin G (0.2 µg/µL/eye) over a 4-month period. Retinal and choroidal vascular changes were analysed by confocal microscopy of tissue flat-mounts. Retinal gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members (vascular endothelial growth factors A, B, C and D), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (sVEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and tight junctions (claudin 1, 2, 5; occludin and zonula occludens-1) were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vascular endothelial growth factor A and claudin 5 were significantly increased in diabetic retinae. Gene expression was unaffected by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. The number of acellular vessels was increased in diabetic retinae and reduced following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Retinal and choroidal vascular density and area were unaffected by sustained vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation. Our results suggest that five consecutive intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections do not cause significant vascular changes in the retina and choroid in diabetic and non-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lechner
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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10
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Suresh K, Servinsky L, Jiang H, Bigham Z, Yun X, Kliment C, Huetsch J, Damarla M, Shimoda LA. Reactive oxygen species induced Ca 2+ influx via TRPV4 and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in the SU5416/hypoxia model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L893-L907. [PMID: 29388466 PMCID: PMC6008124 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00430.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by elevations in pulmonary arterial pressure, in part due to formation of occlusive lesions in the distal arterioles of the lung. These complex lesions may comprise multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying EC dysfunction in PAH, lung microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were isolated from normoxic rats (N-MVECs) and rats subjected to SU5416 plus hypoxia (SuHx), an experimental model of PAH. Compared with N-MVECs, MVECs isolated from SuHx rats (SuHx-MVECs) appeared larger and more spindle shaped morphologically and expressed canonical smooth muscle cell markers smooth muscle-specific α-actin and myosin heavy chain in addition to endothelial markers such as Griffonia simplicifolia and von Willebrand factor. SuHx-MVEC mitochondria were dysfunctional, as evidenced by increased fragmentation/fission, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Functionally, SuHx-MVECs exhibited increased basal levels of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and enhanced migratory and proliferative capacity. Treatment with global (TEMPOL) or mitochondria-specific (MitoQ) antioxidants decreased ROS levels and basal [Ca2]i in SuHx-MVECs. TEMPOL and MitoQ also decreased migration and proliferation in SuHx-MVECs. Additionally, inhibition of ROS-induced Ca2+ entry via pharmacologic blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) attenuated [Ca2]i, migration, and proliferation. These findings suggest a role for mitochondrial ROS-induced Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 in promoting abnormal migration and proliferation in MVECs in this PAH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Servinsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zahna Bigham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corrine Kliment
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Kerbel RS, Shaked Y. The potential clinical promise of 'multimodality' metronomic chemotherapy revealed by preclinical studies of metastatic disease. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:293-304. [PMID: 28202353 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a rationale for further clinical development and assessment of metronomic chemotherapy on the basis of unexpected results obtained in translational mouse models of cancer involving treatment of advanced metastatic disease. Historically, mouse cancer therapy models have been dominated by treating established primary tumors or early stage low volume microscopic disease. Treatment of primary tumors is also almost always the case when using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer or patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Studies using such models, and others including transplanted cell lines, often yield highly encouraging results which are seldom recapitulated in the clinic, especially when assessed in randomized phase III clinical trials. While there are likely many different reasons for this discrepancy, one is likely the failure to recapitulate treatment of advanced visceral metastatic disease in mice. With this gap in mind, we have developed a number of models of metastatic human tumor xenografts (and more recently, of mouse tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent mice). A pattern of response we have observed with various targeted agents, e.g. VEGF pathway targeting antiangiogenic drugs or trastuzumab, is effective when treating primary tumors in contrast to a complete or severely reduced lack of such efficacy when treating advanced metastatic disease. Interestingly, an exception to this pattern has been observed using various continuous low-dose metronomic chemotherapy regimens, where counterintuitively, superior responses are observed in the metastatic setting, as well as superiority or equivalence of metronomic chemotherapy over standard maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy, with lesser toxicity. The basis for these encouraging results may be related to the multiple mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor effects and longer duration of metronomic chemotherapy regimens made possible by lesser toxicity. These include antiangiogenesis, stimulation of the immune system, stromal cell targeting in tumors, and possibly direct tumor cell targeting, including targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, metronomic chemotherapy regimens minimize or even eliminate the problem of chemotherapy-induced host responses that may actually secondarily promote tumor growth and malignancy after causing an initial and beneficial anti-tumor response. We suggest that future preclinical studies of metronomic chemotherapy should be concentrated in the following areas: i) further comparative assessment of anti-tumor efficacy in primary vs metastatic treatment settings; ii) rigorous comparative assessment of conventional MTD chemotherapy vs metronomic chemotherapy using the same agent; iii) assessment of potential predictive biomarkers for metronomic chemotherapy, and methods to determine optimal biologic dose and schedule; and iv) a further detailed assessment of the potential of different chemotherapy drugs administered using MTD or metronomic regimens on stimulating or suppressing components of the innate or adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Kerbel
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
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12
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Zamani SS, Hossieni M, Etebari M, Salehian P, Ebrahimi SA. Pharmacokinetics of calycopterin and xanthmicrol, two polymethoxylated hydroxyflavones with anti-angiogenic activities from Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss. Daru 2016; 24:22. [PMID: 27716340 PMCID: PMC5051066 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently flavonoids have attracted the attention of researchers in the fight against cancer. Calycopterin and xanthomicrol, are two polymethoxylated flavonoids found in the aerial parts of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss.. We have recently shown that these compounds possess antiangiogenic activity and may be of value as potential anticancer agents. In order to demonstrate putative in vivo antitumor effect of these compounds we needed preliminary information on both pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties of these two agents. METHOD A new online SPE HPLC method for measurement of calycopterin and xanthomicrol in rat plasma was developed. Pharmacokinetic parameters of calycopterin and xanthomicrol, after i.v. administration in rats, were determined. RESULTS The plasma half-life for both agents was around 4 h, however, the volume of distribution of calycopterin appeared to be about 8 times greater than xanthomicrol. This was probably due the greater hydrophobicity of the former which had other consequences such as much smaller maximum plasma concentration of calycopterin compared to its less methoxylated congener. Preliminary toxicological study of xanthomicrol failed to show any behavioral, histological and biochemical adverse effects after repeated administrations of high doses. Pharmacokinetics of xanthomicrol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Somayeh Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hossieni
- Department of Pharmaology, School of Medicine, Tehran University for Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pirooz Salehian
- Sarem Fertility and Infertility Research Centre, Sarem Hospital, P.O. Box 1396956111, Shahrak-e-Ekbatan, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Avizienyte E, Cole CL, Rushton G, Miller GJ, Bugatti A, Presta M, Gardiner JM, Jayson GC. Synthetic Site-Selectively Mono-6-O-Sulfated Heparan Sulfate Dodecasaccharide Shows Anti-Angiogenic Properties In Vitro and Sensitizes Tumors to Cisplatin In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159739. [PMID: 27490176 PMCID: PMC4973927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS), a ubiquitously expressed glycosaminoglycan (GAG), regulates multiple cellular functions by mediating interactions between numerous growth factors and their cell surface cognate receptors. However, the structural specificity of HS in these interactions remains largely undefined. Here, we used completely synthetic, structurally defined, alternating N-sulfated glucosamine (NS) and 2-O-sulfated iduronate (IS) residues to generate dodecasaccharides ([NSIS]6) that contained no, one or six glucosamine 6-O-sulfates (6S). The aim was to address how 6S contributes to the potential of defined HS dodecasaccharides to inhibit the angiogenic growth factors FGF2 and VEGF165, in vitro and in vivo. We show that the addition of a single 6S at the non-reducing end of [NSIS]6, i.e. [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5, significantly augments the inhibition of FGF2-dependent endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprouting in vitro when compared to the non-6S variant. In contrast, the fully 6-O-sulfated dodecasaccharide, [NSIS6S]6, is not a potent inhibitor of FGF2. Addition of a single 6S did not significantly improve inhibitory properties of [NSIS]6 when tested against VEGF165-dependent endothelial cell functions.In vivo, [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 blocked FGF2-dependent blood vessel formation without affecting tumor growth. Reduction of non-FGF2-dependent ovarian tumor growth occurred when [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 was combined with cisplatin. The degree of inhibition by [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 in combination with cisplatin in vivo equated with that induced by bevacizumab and sunitinib when administered with cisplatin. Evaluation of post-treatment vasculature revealed that [NSIS6S]-[NSIS]5 treatment had the greatest impact on tumor blood vessel size and lumen formation. Our data for the first time demonstrate that synthetic, structurally defined oligosaccharides have potential to be developed as active anti-angiogenic agents that sensitize tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Avizienyte
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EA); (GCJ)
| | - Claire L. Cole
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Rushton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - John M. Gardiner
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7ND, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C. Jayson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EA); (GCJ)
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14
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Arunraja S. Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:346-355. [PMID: 26342521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a chief ingredient of many formulation for the treatment of inflammatory and bone disorders.. OBJECTIVE The study was carried out to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of C. quadrangularis hydroalcoholic extract (CQHE) and to explore the plausible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced by sub plantar administration of formaldehyde (2% v/v) and 0.1ml of complete Freund's adjuvant. Joint swelling was measured on days 8, 9 and 10 in formaldehyde-induced arthritis and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) respectively. Serum and ankle joints of AIA rats were used for estimation of serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress markers and synovial expression of proinflammatory cytokines/cytokine receptor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-R1), angiogenesis marker (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3& 9). An acute and 28-day oral toxicity was carried out to evaluate the safety of the test drug. RESULTS CQHE produced a dose dependent inhibition of joint swelling in both formaldehyde-induced and adjuvant induced arthritis. CQHE treatment also reduced serum TNF-α level, oxidative stress and synovial expression of inflammatory and angiogenesis marker. In sub acute toxicity study of CQHE, chronic administration of CQHE did not produce any physiological and pathological changes as compared to normal rats. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the anti-arthritic potential of C. quadrangularis and it validates its traditional use for the treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - S Arunraja
- Research officer, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore 560100, India
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Abstract
In the late 1990s and the early 2000s, bisphosphonates had become the clinical pillar of excellence for treating metabolic bone disease, and thus their connection with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) caused significant concern. Over the past decade, progress has been made in understanding what is now referred to as medication-related ONJ (MRONJ), because of its connections to agents other than bisphosphonates, although in many respects the progress has been slow. This review highlights the key basic science and translational (animal) studies in the area of MRONJ and suggests areas of focus as the field moves into the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS-5035, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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16
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de Oliveira Dias JR, Badaró E, Novais EA, Colicchio D, Chiarantin GMD, Matioli MM, Verna C, Penha FM, Barros NMT, Meyer CH, Farah ME, Rodrigues EB. Preclinical investigations of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015; 45:577-84. [PMID: 25423640 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20141118-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the retinal safety of intravitreal (IVT) ziv-aflibercept in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen rabbits were given an IVT injection of ziv-aflibercept (25 mg/mL) or aflibercept (40 mg/mL) and examined by funduscopy, electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum, aqueous, and vitreous were obtained afterward for osmolarity analysis. The effect of ziv-aflibercept on human retinal cultured cells (ARPE-19) was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay. RESULTS All eyes showed normal funduscopy, OCT, and ERG findings at baseline and 24 hours or 7 days after the procedure. Median baseline serum, vitreous, and aqueous osmolarity remained unchanged. Histology and TEM showed no major anatomic signs of toxicity. No cytotoxic effect was observed in ARPE-19 cells exposed to ziv-aflibercept. CONCLUSION IVT injection ziv-aflibercept at a concentration of 25 mg/mL proved to be safe for the rabbit retina.
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Zhao N, Xu Q, Wang M, Fei X, Pan Y, Chen X, Ma S. Mechanism of kidney injury caused by bevacizumab in rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:8675-8683. [PMID: 25674232 PMCID: PMC4314018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate kidney injury caused by high dose bevacizumab to uncover the possible mechanisms involving in this process. METHODS Forty rats were divided into four groups: cisplation group (treated with 1 mg/kg cisplation), Bev-high group (treated with 5 mg/kg bevacizumab); Bev-low group (treated with 2.5 mg/kg bevacizumab) and control group (treated with saline). The urine microalbumin, serum cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were detected in the four group rats, respectively. The immunoglobulin of IgG, IgA and IgM and protein of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and nephrin were detected by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS All the levels of microalbumin, cystatin C, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in Bev-high group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P < 0.05). The cystatin C was much more increased in kidney Bev-high group than cisplatin and Bev-low groups (P < 0.05). The light microscope showed a normal glomerular morphology in the four groups, while the electronic microscopy showed the podocytes were extensively fused in cisplatin group and Bev-high group. The two groups were found IgG and IgM deposition as well. The VEGF in kidney amples were down regulated in high dose bevacizumab group, whereas the nephrin and IgA showed no significant expression changes at all. CONCLUSION Bevacizumab increases the risk of injury in glomerular filtration barrier in a dose dependent model. The injury may not only associate with the rising level of proteinuria but also with podocyte-dependent membrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qunhong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuelong Pan
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ma YL, Lin SW, Fang HC, Chou KJ, Bee YS, Chu TH, Chang MC, Weng WT, Wu CY, Cho CL, Tai MH. A novel poly-naphthol compound ST104P suppresses angiogenesis by attenuating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in endothelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16611-27. [PMID: 25244013 PMCID: PMC4200753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of neovascularization, plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. ST104P is a soluble polysulfated-cyclo-tetrachromotropylene compound with anti-viral and anti-thrombotic activities. However, the functions of ST104P in angiogenesis have never been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of ST104P in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Application of ST104P potently suppressed the microvessels sprouting in aortic rings ex vivo. Furthermore, ST104P treatment significantly disrupted the vessels' development in transgenic zebrafish in vivo. Above all, repeated administration of ST104P resulted in delayed tumor growth and prolonged the life span of mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Mechanistic studies revealed that ST104P potently inhibited the migration, tube formation and wound closure of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, ST104P treatment inhibited the secretion and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that ST104P is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor and may hold potential for treatment of diseases due to excessive angiogenesis including cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Aorta
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/blood supply
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Macrocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Macrocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Macrocyclic Compounds/toxicity
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morphogenesis/drug effects
- Naphthalenesulfonates/chemistry
- Naphthalenesulfonates/pharmacology
- Naphthalenesulfonates/therapeutic use
- Naphthalenesulfonates/toxicity
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Zebrafish/embryology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Lin
- National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Chang Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Kang-Ju Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chi Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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19
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Lankhorst S, Kappers MHW, van Esch JHM, Smedts FMM, Sleijfer S, Mathijssen RHJ, Baelde HJ, Danser AHJ, van den Meiracker AH. Treatment of hypertension and renal injury induced by the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: preclinical study. Hypertension 2014; 64:1282-9. [PMID: 25185126 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Common adverse effects of angiogenesis inhibition are hypertension and renal injury. To determine the most optimal way to prevent these adverse effects and to explore their interdependency, the following drugs were investigated in unrestrained Wistar Kyoto rats exposed to the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: the dual endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan; the calcium channel blocker amlodipine; the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril; and the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil. Mean arterial pressure was monitored telemetrically. After 8 days, rats were euthanized and blood samples and kidneys were collected. In addition, 24-hour urine samples were collected. After sunitinib start, mean arterial pressure increased rapidly by ≈30 mm Hg. Coadministration of macitentan or amlodipine largely prevented this rise, whereas captopril or sildenafil did not. Macitentan, captopril, and sildenafil diminished the sunitinib-induced proteinuria and endothelinuria and glomerular intraepithelial protein deposition, whereas amlodipine did not. Changes in proteinuria and endothelinuria were unrelated. We conclude that in our experimental model, dual endothelin receptor antagonism and calcium channel blockade are suitable to prevent angiogenesis inhibition-induced hypertension, whereas dual endothelin receptor antagonism, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition can prevent angiogenesis inhibition-induced proteinuria. Moreover, the variable response of hypertension and renal injury to different antihypertensive agents suggests that these side effects are, at least in part, unrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lankhorst
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Mariëtte H W Kappers
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Joep H M van Esch
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Frank M M Smedts
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Hans J Baelde
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.)
| | - Anton H van den Meiracker
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., M.H.W.K., J.H.M.v.E., A.H.J.D., A.H.v.d.M.) and Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute (S.S., R.H.J.M.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, The Netherlands (F.M.M.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands (M.H.W.K.); and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (H.J.B.).
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20
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Ryu YL, Jung KH, Son MK, Yan HH, Kim SJ, Shin S, Hong S, Hong SS. Anticancer activity of HS-527, a novel inhibitor targeting PI3-kinase in human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:68-77. [PMID: 25016056 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is known to have low 5-year survival rate and poor response to treatment. In this study, we synthesized HS-527, a new PI3-kinase inhibitor, and investigated not only its anticancer activity, but also its mechanism of action in pancreatic cancer cells. HS-527 had higher specificity for PI3K than other kinases and inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by down-regulating Akt and P70S6K. And HS-527 inhibited the cell growth and proliferation of the pancreatic cancer in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with greater activity than gemcitabine. Even HS-527 showed lower cytotoxicity than gemcitabine in normal cells. When treated with HS-527, the cancer cells appeared apoptotic, increasing the expression of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Furthermore, HS-527 showed an anti-angiogenic activity by decreasing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, and inhibited the migration of endothelial cells, and the formation of new blood vessel in mouse Matrigel plug assay. In this study, we found that HS-527 showed anti-cancer activity through an inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that HS-527 could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim Ryu
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghye Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Imanishi S, Okura M, Zaha H, Yamamoto T, Akanuma H, Nagano R, Shiraishi H, Fujimaki H, Sone H. Prenatal exposure to permethrin influences vascular development of fetal brain and adult behavior in mice offspring. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:617-629. [PMID: 24150868 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are one of the most widely used classes of insecticides and show neurotoxic effects that induce oxidative stress in the neonatal rat brain. However, little is still known about effects of prenatal exposure to permethrin on vascular development in fetal brain, central nervous system development, and adult offspring behaviors. In this study, the effects of prenatal exposure to permethrin on the development of cerebral arteries in fetal brains, neurotransmitter in neonatal brains, and locomotor activities in offspring mice were investigated. Permethrin (0, 2, 10, 50, and 75 mg/kg) was orally administered to pregnant females once on gestation day 10.5. The brains of permethrin-treated fetuses showed altered vascular formation involving shortened lengths of vessels, an increased number of small branches, and, in some cases, insufficient fusion of the anterior communicating arteries in the area of circle of Willis. The prenatal exposure to permethrin altered neocortical and hippocampus thickness in the mid brain and significantly increased norepinephrine and dopamine levels at postnatal day 7 mice. For spontaneous behavior, the standing ability test using a viewing jar and open-field tests showed significant decrease of the standing ability and locomotor activity in male mice at 8 or 12 weeks of age, respectively. The results suggest that prenatal exposure to permethrin may affect insufficient development of the brain through alterations of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imanishi
- Health Risk Research Section, Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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22
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Chiang JH, Yang JS, Lu CC, Hour MJ, Liu KC, Lin JH, Lee TH, Chung JG. Effect of DNA damage response by quinazolinone analogue HMJ-38 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells: evidence for γH2A.X and DNA-PK-dependent pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:590-601. [PMID: 24064905 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113504791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the mechanism of quinazolinone analogue HMJ-38-induced DNA damage in endothelial cells in vitro. We attempt to evaluate the antiangiogenetic response utilizing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Herein, the results demonstrated that HMJ-38 incubation triggered DNA damage behavior and showed a longer DNA migration in HUVECs based on the comet assay and the analysis of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis to contact DNA smears. We further gained to determine a marker of DNA double strand breaks, phosphorylated histone H2A.X (Ser139) (γH2A.X), in HMJ-38-treated HUVECs by flow cytometry and Western blotting assay. We consider that HMJ-38 has caused an increase in γH2A.X, and DNA damage seemed to mediate through DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) binding to Ku70/Ku80 as well as advanced activated p-Akt (Ser473) and stimulated phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) conditions in HUVECs. Importantly, the effect of above DNA damage response was prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (a reactive oxygen species scavenger), and NU7026 (a DNA-PK inhibitor) could attenuate DNA-PK catalytic subunit and phosphorylation of H2A.X on Ser139 expression in comparison with HMJ-38 alone treated HUVECs. Therefore, HMJ-38-provoked DNA damage stress in HUVECs probably led to the activation of γH2A.X/DNA-PK/GSK-3β signaling. In summary, our novel finding provides more information addressing the pharmacological approach of newly synthesized HMJ-38 for further development and therapeutic application in antiangiogenetic effect of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-S Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-J Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - K-C Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-H Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-H Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-G Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Ferreira AK, Freitas VM, Levy D, Ruiz JLM, Bydlowski SP, Rici REG, Filho OMR, Chierice GO, Maria DA. Anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activity of synthetic phosphoethanolamine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57937. [PMID: 23516420 PMCID: PMC3597720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, and represents the third most common urological malignancy. Despite the advent of targeted therapies for RCC and the improvement of the lifespan of patients, its cost-effectiveness restricted the therapeutic efficacy. In a recent report, we showed that synthetic phosphoethanolamine (Pho-s) has a broad antitumor activity on a variety of tumor cells and showed potent inhibitor effects on tumor progress in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that murine renal carcinoma (Renca) is more sensitive to Pho-s when compared to normal immortalized rat proximal tubule cells (IRPTC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In vitro anti-angiogenic activity assays show that Pho-s inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, Pho-s has anti-proliferative effects on HUVEC by inducing a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. It causes a decrease in cyclin D1 mRNA, VEGFR1 gene transcription and VEGFR1 receptor expression. Pho-s also induces nuclear fragmentation and affects the organization of the cytoskeleton through the disruption of actin filaments. Additionally, Pho-s induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The putative therapeutic potential of Pho-s was validated in a renal carcinoma model, on which our remarkable in vivo results show that Pho-s potentially inhibits lung metastasis in nude mice, with a superior efficacy when compared to Sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our findings provide evidence that Pho-s is a compound that potently inhibits lung metastasis, suggesting that it is a promising novel candidate drug for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Mária Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rose Eli Grassi Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootecny, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Durvanei Augusto Maria
- Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Weitensteiner SB, Liebl J, Krystof V, Havlíček L, Gucký T, Strnad M, Fürst R, Vollmar AM, Zahler S. Trisubstituted pyrazolopyrimidines as novel angiogenesis inhibitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54607. [PMID: 23336010 PMCID: PMC3545992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current inhibitors of angiogenesis comprise either therapeutic antibodies (e.g. bevacicumab binding to VEGF-A) or small molecular inhibitors of receptor tyrosin kinases like e.g. sunitinib, which inhibits PDGFR and VEGFR. We have recently identified cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) as novel alternative and pharmacologically accessible target in the context of angiogenesis. In the present work we demonstrate that trisubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines constitute a novel class of compounds which potently inhibit angiogenesis. All seven tested compounds inhibited endothelial cell proliferation with IC50 values between 1 and 18 µM. Interestingly, this seems not to be due to cytotoxicity, since none of them showed acute cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells at a concentration of 10 µM,. The three most potent compounds (LGR1404, LGR1406 and LGR1407) also inhibited cell migration (by 27, 51 and 31%, resp.), chemotaxis (by 50, 70 and 60% in accumulative distance, resp.), and tube formation (by 25, 60 and 30% of total tube length, resp.) at the non-toxic concentration of 10 µM. Furthermore, angiogenesis was reduced in vivo in the CAM assay by these three compounds. A kinase selectivity profiling revealed that the compounds prevalently inhibit Cdk2, Cdk5 and Cdk9. The phenotype of the migrating cells (reduced formation of lamellipodia, loss of Rac-1 translocation to the membrane) resembles the previously described effects of silencing of Cdk5 in endothelial cells. We conclude that especially LGR1406 and LGR1407 are highly attractive anti-angiogenic compounds, whose effects seem to largely depend on their Cdk5 inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Krystof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Department of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Department of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Fürst
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ZY1, a novel 21-amino acid peptide from human placenta growth factor-1 (PlGF-1), against ocular neovascularization, and to study its possible toxicity to the retina and the underlying mechanism of antiangiogenic effect. METHODS MTS assays, a modified Boyden chamber and Matrigel(™) were used to evaluate the effect of ZY1 on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of RF/6A rhesus macaque choroid-retina endothelial cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro. The antiangiogenic effect of ZY1 was also studied with corneal micropocket angiogenesis assays and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) assays in mice. Electrophysiological tests and histological examinations were used to study the possible toxicity of ZY1 against mouse neuroretina. Competitive ELISA and Western blotting were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ZY1. RESULTS ZY1 inhibited VEGF-induced RF/6A proliferation, migration and tube formation. It also inhibited ocular neovascularization when applied to the corneal micropocket angiogenesis assays and OIR assays in mice. Electrophysiological tests and histological examinations revealed no evident functional or morphologic abnormalities in mouse neuroretina after ZY1 injection. ZY1 competed for binding to VEGFR-1 against PlGF and VEGF and inhibited VEGFR-1/ERK/AKT activation. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the novel peptide ZY1 is an effective inhibitor of ocular pathologic angiogenesis and may provide a promising alternative for ocular antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Inoue K. [Supports for the toxicity of the molecular target medicine]. Nihon Rinsho 2012; 70 Suppl 7:678-686. [PMID: 23350485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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27
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Lin SZ, Wei WT, Chen H, Chen KJ, Tong HF, Wang ZH, Ni ZL, Liu HB, Guo HC, Liu DL. Antitumor activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42146. [PMID: 22876305 PMCID: PMC3410916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emodin has been showed to induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in our previous studies. This study was designed to investigate whether emodin could inhibit the angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer tissues and its mechanism. Methodology/Principal Finding In accordance with our previous study, emodin inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth, induced apoptosis, and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine on pancreatic caner cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in implanted pancreatic cancer tissues, decreased the expression of angiogenesis-associated factors (NF-κB and its regulated factors VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and eNOS), and reduced eNOS phosphorylation, as evidenced by both immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of implanted tumors. In addition, we found that emodin had no effect on VEGFR expression in vivo. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggested that emodin has potential anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer via its dual role in the promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis, probably through regulating the expression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated angiogenesis-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Zhang Lin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Gangjee A, Zhao Y, Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Bailey-Downs LC, Kisliuk RL. Novel tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines with dual antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4217-25. [PMID: 22739090 PMCID: PMC3397428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We designed, synthesized and evaluated 13 novel tricyclic indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidines as RTK inhibitors. These analogues were synthesized via a Dieckmann condensation of 1,2-phenylenediacetonitrile followed by cyclocondensation with guanidine carbonate to afford the 2-amino-3,9-dihydro-indeno[2,1-d]pyrimidin-4-one. Sulfonation of the 4-position followed by displacement with appropriately substituted anilines afforded the target compounds. These compounds were potent inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) and inhibited angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantonic membrane (CAM) assay compared to standards. In addition, compound 7 had a two digit nanomolar GI(50) against nine tumor cell lines, a submicromolar GI(50) against 29 of other tumor cell lines in the preclinical NCI 60 tumor cell line panel. Compound 7 also demonstrated significant in vivo inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis in a B16-F10 syngeneic mouse melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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Sun J, Wang S, Wei YH. Reproductive toxicity of Rhizoma Sparganii (Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham.) in mice: mechanisms of anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen pharmacologic activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137:1498-1503. [PMID: 21878384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indications and preliminary studies of Rhizoma Sparganii (RS) suggest its pharmacological mechanism is involved with endocrine/angiogenesis functions. We therefore studied its potential toxicity on reproduction in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reproductive toxicity of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg RS extract were studied in pregnant ICR mice and its offspring. The embryos' fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) were evaluated as targets of endocrine/angiogenesis by immunohistochemical test. RESULTS The offspring of treated mice (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg RS extract) during their pregnancy had various pathological conditions, suggesting an abnormal FGF signaling phenomenon during pregnancy. Embryos from the 400 mg/kg group had significantly depressed levels of FGF-1 (P < 0.01) and VEGF (P < 0.05) expression levels as compared to controls by immunohistochemical test. Dysplasia in the heart (12.9%), craniofacial region (18.3%) and vertebrae (32.5%) presented in embryos of the 400 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the ER-α expression was inversely proportional to FGF-1 levels in the same embryo (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results implicate a FGF signaling abnormality in vivo and indicate that RS has anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen toxicity effects in pregnant rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Zhang S, Cao Z, Tian H, Shen G, Ma Y, Xie H, Liu Y, Zhao C, Deng S, Yang Y, Zheng R, Li W, Zhang N, Liu S, Wang W, Dai L, Shi S, Cheng L, Pan Y, Feng S, Zhao X, Deng H, Yang S, Wei Y. SKLB1002, a Novel Potent Inhibitor of VEGF Receptor 2 Signaling, Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4439-50. [PMID: 21622720 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, People's Republic of China
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Benny O, Nakai K, Yoshimura T, Bazinet L, Akula JD, Nakao S, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Panigrahy D, Pakneshan P, D'Amato RJ. Broad spectrum antiangiogenic treatment for ocular neovascular diseases. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20824139 PMCID: PMC2931703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization is a hallmark of late stage neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 50 in the western world. The treatments focus on suppression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), while current approved therapies are limited to inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exclusively. However, this treatment does not address the underlying cause of AMD, and the loss of VEGF's neuroprotective can be a potential side effect. Therapy which targets the key processes in AMD, the pathological neovascularization, vessel leakage and inflammation could bring a major shift in the approach to disease treatment and prevention. In this study we have demonstrated the efficacy of such broad spectrum antiangiogenic therapy on mouse model of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Benny
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Koh YJ, Kim HZ, Hwang SI, Lee JE, Oh N, Jung K, Kim M, Kim KE, Kim H, Lim NK, Jeon CJ, Lee GM, Jeon BH, Nam DH, Sung HK, Nagy A, Yoo OJ, Koh GY. Double antiangiogenic protein, DAAP, targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietins in tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and vascular leakage. Cancer Cell 2010; 18:171-84. [PMID: 20708158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two vascular growth factor families, VEGF and the angiopoietins, play critical and coordinate roles in tumor progression and metastasis. A single inhibitor targeting both VEGF and angiopoietins is not available. Here, we developed a chimeric decoy receptor, namely double anti-angiogenic protein (DAAP), which can simultaneously bind VEGF-A and angiopoietins, blocking their actions. Compared to VEGF-Trap or Tie2-Fc, which block either VEGF-A or angiopoietins alone, we believe DAAP is a highly effective molecule for regressing tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in implanted and spontaneous solid tumors; it can also effectively reduce ascites formation and vascular leakage in an ovarian carcinoma model. Thus, simultaneous blockade of VEGF-A and angiopoietins with DAAP is an effective therapeutic strategy for blocking tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Koh
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Thaler S, Fiedorowicz M, Choragiewicz TJ, Bolz S, Tura A, Henke-Fahle S, Yoeruek E, Zrenner E, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Ziemssen F, Schuettauf F. Toxicity testing of the VEGF inhibitors bevacizumab, ranibizumab and pegaptanib in rats both with and without prior retinal ganglion cell damage. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88:e170-6. [PMID: 20491691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of intravitreally introduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in rat eyes with healthy retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and into others with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced RGC damage. METHODS Bevacizumab, ranibizumab and pegaptanib were intravitreally injected each at two different concentrations. Respective vehicles of the three substances served as controls. In a different group, additionally a rat anti-VEGF antibody was injected after NMDA treatment. Retrogradely labelled RGC were counted on retinal wholemounts 1 week or 2 months after intravitreal introduction of the VEGF inhibitors. Electron microscopy (EM) was performed on normal rat eyes 2 months after introduction of the VEGF inhibitors. RESULTS RGC counts in healthy rat eyes were essentially unchanged from those of the control animals after the administration of both low and high concentrations of bevacizumab, ranibizumab or pegaptanib. Compared to the other two substances, however, high doses of pegaptanib and its respective vehicle significantly decreased RGC after 1 week and led to a marked increase of mitochondrial swelling in EM. In eyes with NMDA-induced RGC damage, no changes of RGC numbers were detected after rat anti-VEGF antibody or bevacizumab, ranibizumab and pegaptanib at both tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Even at higher doses, bevacizumab and ranibizumab showed no toxic effects on RGC in vivo in either untreated rats or in the NMDA-induced RGC damage model. Also a rat anti-VEGF antibody showed no adverse effects after NMDA. Anti-VEGF therapy therefore appears safe even for eyes with additional excitotoxic RGC damage. Potential harm from the pegaptanib carrier solution at very high local concentrations cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Thaler
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Gangjee A, Namjoshi OA, Ihnat MA, Buchanan A. The contribution of a 2-amino group on receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition and antiangiogenic activity in 4-anilinosubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3177-81. [PMID: 20403693 PMCID: PMC2866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparison between a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with and without the 2-amino group is presented in order to determine the validity of our hypothesis that inclusion of this group improves potency against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The 2-amino analogs were better against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet derived growth factor-beta (PDGFR-beta) in whole cell inhibition assays and in the A431 cytotoxicity assay compared to the 2-desamino analogs. However, the 2-desamino analogs were more potent inhibitors against vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGFR-2) than the corresponding 2-amino compounds. In addition, none of the 2-desamino compounds exhibited better anti-angiogenic activity in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as compared to the standard and were only micromolar inhibitors. This study validates our original hypothesis that the inclusion of a 2-amino group in pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines improves multiple RTK inhibition and antiangiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Pilatova M, Varinska L, Perjesi P, Sarissky M, Mirossay L, Solar P, Ostro A, Mojzis J. In vitro antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of synthetic chalcone analogues. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1347-55. [PMID: 20450969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As flavonoids, chalcones possess a wide variety of biological activities including anticancer properties. In the present study we have investigated the in vitro antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of four synthetic chalcones. E-2-(4'-methoxybenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone (3) was the most active compound with IC(50)=10(-7)mol l(-1) in Jurkat cells. In both Jurkat and HeLa chalcone 3-treated cells we found a significant increase in the proportion of cancer cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle as well as an increase in cells having sub-G(0)/G(1) DNA content which is considered to be a marker of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis was also confirmed by annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation. These effects were associated with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2, and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bax. Furthermore, chalcone 3 was selected to evaluate its effect on some angiogenic events. In non-toxic concentrations, chalcone 3 inhibited VEGF-induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, it also decreased secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (mainly MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, the present study has assessed the in vitro antiproliferative/antiangiogenic potential of chalcone 3. This results generate a rationale for in vivo efficacy studies with this compound in preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pilatova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of bevacizumab on cell viability and proliferation in a commonly used retinal ganglion cell line, RGC-5, were examined. METHODS RGC-5 cells were exposed to 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml of commercially available bevacizumab in vitro. To examine the specificity of effects, cells were also cultured with increasing and comparable concentrations of proteins (increasing the concentration of proteins in the culture media by 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml by using additional fetal bovine serum [FBS] and bovine serum albumin [BSA]). Cell proliferation was assessed using a WST-1 kit, crystal violet staining and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by quantifying cell numbers in proliferation-deficient RGC-5 following exposure to bevacizumab using the WST-1 kit, microscopic examination of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI) cells and flow cytometry for differential staining with PI. RESULTS Bevacizumab was not toxic to RGC-5 cells in the tested concentrations. It had a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. A stimulatory effect on proliferation was also noted when equivalent amounts of proteins from FBS or BSA were used, which suggests that bevacizumab may stimulate proliferation non-specifically by increasing the protein contents of the cell growth environment. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab could alter the internal milieu of the eye by increasing protein concentrations to elicit functional responses in retinotypic cells. This may be especially relevant for cells outwith the control of vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA
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Ejaz S, Ashraf M, Nawaz M, Lim CW, Kim B. Anti-angiogenic and teratological activities associated with exposure to total particulate matter from commercial cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:368-76. [PMID: 19084571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and the embryonic movement (EM) pathway are evolutionarily conserved mechanisms, which are essential for embryonic development. Deviation in these processes from exposure to cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) may produce vascular, morphogenetic, and teratological disorders. The anti-angiogenic and teratogenic potential of TPM from commercially available cigarettes was studied. In vitro effects of TPM on angiogenesis were determined with different assays utilizing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). A chicken embryo model was used to demonstrate the in vivo effects of TPM on EM, vascular development, and organogenesis. The current study provides evidence that cigarette TPM plays an impeding role in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and sprouting, which are crucial factors in angiogenesis. Video recordings and kinematic analyses of the TPM exposed chicken embryos revealed a striking decrease in EM. Likewise, exposure of TPM to embryos resulted in ocular, mandibular, and abdominal hemorrhaging. Several teratologies including ectopia cordis, as well as bi-trunked and mammoth headed embryos were frequent findings among TPM treated embryos. These results are strongly reminiscent of morphogenetic and teratogenic deformities in TPM exposed embryos. This shows that cigarette smoking during pregnancy can be fatal to growing embryos. In addition, TPM may produce defective morphogenesis, leading to various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Angiogenesis and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Nimeiri HS, Oza AM, Morgan RJ, Friberg G, Kasza K, Faoro L, Salgia R, Stadler WM, Vokes EE, Fleming GF. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib for patients with recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer: a trial of the Chicago, PMH, and California Phase II Consortia. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 110:49-55. [PMID: 18423560 PMCID: PMC2699608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this phase II trial were to assess the activity and tolerability of the combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib in patients with recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. METHODS This was a single arm, multicenter phase II trial with overall objective response as the primary endpoint. Eligible patients had two or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens for recurrent or refractory disease and no prior anti-VEGF or anti-EGFR agents. Bevacizumab, 15 mg/kg, was administered intravenously every 21 days and erlotinib, 150 mg orally, was given daily. RESULTS Between July and October 2005, 13 patients were enrolled. There were two major objective responses, one complete response of 16+ month duration and one partial response of 11 month duration, for a response rate of 15% (95% CI 1.9% to 45.4%). Seven patients had a best response of stable disease. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities included anemia (n=1), nausea (n=2), vomiting (n=1), hypertension (n=1), and diarrhea (n=2). One patient with an ileostomy was removed from the study secondary to grade 3 diarrhea. Two patients had fatal gastrointestinal perforations. CONCLUSION There was no strong suggestion that this combination was superior to single agent bevacizumab, and the rate of gastrointestinal perforation was of concern. The study was therefore stopped. Identification of risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation will be of importance for the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Uto Y, Nagasawa H, Jin CZ, Nakayama S, Tanaka A, Kiyoi S, Nakashima H, Shimamura M, Inayama S, Fujiwara T, Takeuchi Y, Uehara Y, Kirk KL, Nakata E, Hori H. Design of antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: 2-nitroimidazoles containing a 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6042-53. [PMID: 18474428 PMCID: PMC3113482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We designed chiral 2-nitroimidazole derivatives containing a 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety as antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. Based on results of molecular orbital calculations, the 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety is expected to show high electrophilicity comparable to that of the 2-methylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety included in TX-1123 and tyrphostin AG17. We evaluated the antiangiogenic and radiosensitizing effects of the new compounds, along with other biological properties including their activities as hypoxic cytotoxicities and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitory activities. Among the compounds tested, 5 (TX-2036) proved to be the strongest antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. All the other chiral 2-nitroimidazole derivatives having 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety tested were also antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. The PTK inhibitory activity of 5 (TX-2036) showed this to be a promising and potent EGFR kinase inhibitor, having an IC(50) value of lower than 2microM. This compound also was an Flt-1 kinase inhibitor having an IC(50) value of lower than 20microM. Our results show that these chiral 2-nitroimidazole derivatives that contain the 2-aminomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione moiety as a potent antiangiogenic pharmacophoric descriptor are promising lead candidates for the development of antiangiogenic hypoxic cell radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Mitahorahigashi-5, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Cheng-Zhe Jin
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakayama
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ayako Tanaka
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Saori Kiyoi
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakashima
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimamura
- Medical Research and Development Center, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science,3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | - Seiichi Inayama
- Institute of Oriental Medical Sciences,2-6-3 Ebisunishi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 155-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutrical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutrical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Uehara
- Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institutes of Health, 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kenneth L. Kirk
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hori
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Choueiri TK. Axitinib, a novel anti-angiogenic drug with promising activity in various solid tumors. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 9:658-671. [PMID: 18516765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Axitinib is an oral inhibitor of the VEGF, PDGF and colony stimulating factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinases and is currently in development by Pfizer Inc for the potential treatment of various solid tumors. Phase II trials with this agent alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs were reported in several types of malignancy, with activity observed in thyroid, pancreatic, lung, renal, breast and colorectal cancers, melanoma and other carcinomas. Although frequent side effects have included fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome and proteinuria, axitinib was well tolerated overall. Larger, randomized phase II/III studies were ongoing at the time of publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, 44 Binney Street, dana 1230, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Rajpar S, Osio A, Besse B. [Management of targeted molecular therapies toxicities in thoracic cancerology]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2008; 64:104-110. [PMID: 18589292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeted molecular therapies, mainly enzyme inhibitors and humanized antibodies, are being widely developed, especially in the area of lung cancer. Though often considered to be better tolerated than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies, targeted molecular therapies induce specific toxicities that may have detrimental effects on the quality of life. We sum up various toxicities from targeted treatment available for lung cancer in France with the aim of improving their prevention, diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajpar
- Département de Médecine, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 Rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Lung cancer is a bad prognostic illness with a limited survival and many side effects related to treatment used. Supportive care in cancer attends to enhance patient care among cancer and treatments suffering. Opioids are one of the most important treatments in the management of dyspnoea and pain. Every new drug in supportive care is tested to diminish side effects of treatment like erythropoietin against anemia or aprepitant against emesis. Many trials are developed to enhance this supportive care especially in lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scotté
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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Martinović D, Blake LS, Durhan EJ, Greene KJ, Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Makynen EA, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT. Reproductive toxicity of vinclozolin in the fathead minnow: confirming an anti-androgenic mode of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008; 27:478-488. [PMID: 18348629 DOI: 10.1897/07-206r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize responses of the reproductive endocrine system of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to the fungicide vinclozolin (VZ), using a 21-d reproduction assay, and a shorter-term (approximately two weeks) test in which fish were cotreated with the VZ (a putative anti-androgen) and the androgen 17beta-trenbolone (TB). Effects on fecundity, gonadal histology, secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive hormones, and relative abundance of androgen receptor (AR) and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) mRNA transcripts were evaluated in one or both of these studies. Fecundity of VZ-exposed fish was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the 21-d test, culminating in complete reproductive failure at a concentration of 700 microg/L. Exposure to VZ decreased expression of male secondary sexual characteristics -- an effect typical of anti-androgens. The finding that exposure of females to TB-induced expression of prominent, male-like tubercles, which could be effectively blocked with VZ, provides powerful evidence of the anti-androgenic activity of VZ in vivo. In the two experiments VZ produced several responses possibly indicative of compensation or adaptation of the fish to the anti-androgen, including increases in gonad weight, AR and 11 betaHSD mRNA transcript abundance, and ex vivo gonadal production of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Overall, our results demonstrate that the model anti-androgen VZ, which also is an environmental contaminant, impairs reproductive success of fathead minnows and elicits endocrine responses consistent with an anti-androgenic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Martinović
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the local tolerance, systemic toxicity, and toxicokinetics in dogs and rabbits of pegaptanib sodium, an aptamer that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)). METHODS Dogs received biweekly, bilateral, intravitreous (IVT) injections of pegaptanib sodium for 9 months at doses of 0.3 (n = 10), 1 (n = 10), or 3 mg (n = 14); 14 control dogs received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In rabbits, pegaptanib sodium was administered by IVT injection biweekly for 6 months at doses of 0.2 (n = 14), 0.67 (n = 14), or 2 mg (n = 18); 18 rabbits received PBS. The systemic and ocular safety of pegaptanib sodium was assessed. Assessments in both dogs and rabbits included complete ophthalmologic examinations, serum chemistry, hematology, urinalysis, and coagulation assessments, as well as gross and microscopic pathologic examination. In addition, dogs were assessed by electroretinography and electrocardiography. In a cardiovascular safety study, loading intravenous boluses and maintenance infusions of pegaptanib sodium or PBS were administered to dogs (n = 4) in an ascending dose design, with each dose level separated by 2-3 days. The pegaptanib dosing regimens were designed to achieve pegaptanib plasma concentrations of approximately 90, 270, or 900 ng/mL. RESULTS There were no pegaptanib sodium-associated clinical, ophthalmologic, pathologic, or cardiovascular abnormalities at doses of pegaptanib that achieved systemic and ocular exposure levels in excess of those associated with the recommended pegaptanib IVT dosing regimen of 0.3 mg per study eye in patients with age-related macular degeneration. CONCLUSION These studies, together with data from clinical trials, provide strong evidence that inhibition of VEGF(165) by pegaptanib in the eye is a safe therapy for the treatment of ocular neovascular disease.
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Kang Derwent JJ, Mieler WF. Thermoresponsive hydrogels as a new ocular drug delivery platform to the posterior segment of the eye. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2008. [PMID: 19277236 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1422037.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize thermoresponsive hydrogels (liquids at room temperature, gels at body temperature) as a novel drug delivery platform to the posterior segment. METHODS Thermoresponsive hydrogels were synthesized using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), cross-linked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). Proteins were then encapsulated into the hydrogels, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and, finally, bevacizumab and ranibiumab. By varying the degree of cross-linker density, the rate of protein release could be adjusted. The rate of release was assessed at various time points with Bradford assay, and the bioactivity of the released anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents was studied in an in vitro cell culture assay. RESULTS Cross-linked PNIPAAm hydrogel exhibited a fast and reversible phase change with alteration in temperature. The rate of protein release was examined as a function of cross-link density. Release profiles of the proteins showed that there was an initial burst of release within 48 hours, and then a steady state was reached, which was sustained for approximately 3 weeks. Hydrogels with less cross-linking showed faster release and yielded a more pliable gel for intravitreal injection via small-gauge needles. Examination of the gels after the release experiment revealed significant residual entrapped protein. CONCLUSION Thermoresponsive hydrogels were successfully synthesized and exhibited fast and reversible phase changes. The gel was able to encapsulate and release various proteins. Current formulation of the gel will be modified to extend the release time and to be made fully biodegradable. Thermoresponsive hydrogels appear to be a promising, minimally invasive platform for extended drug delivery to the posterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Kang Derwent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhang Y, He L, Zhou Y. Taspine isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis inhibits growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) by inducing its apoptosis. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:112-119. [PMID: 17976967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the effects of taspine isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticsi on the growth and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line by MTT and flow cytometer, respectively. At the same time, a series of changes were observed in HUVEC treated by taspine, including microstructure, protein expression of bax, bcl-2 and VEGF. The change of microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein expression of bax and bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and VEGF protein secreted was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed taspine could inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle was significantly stopped at the S phase. Under electronic microscope, the morphology of HUVEC treated with taspine showed nuclear karyopycnosis, chromatin agglutination and typical apoptotic body. Bcl-2 and VEGF expressions were decreased and bax expression was increased. All these results demonstrate that taspine has an inhibitory effect on growth of HUVEC and can induce its apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #120, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study the corneal biocompatibility of bevacizumab on various cultured human corneal cells. METHODS Cell cultures of corneal keratinocytes (CKs), corneal fibroblasts (CFs), and corneal endothelial cells (CECs) were harvested from human donor eyes and exposed to various concentrations of bevacizumab (0.25-5.0 mg/mL). Cell viability was assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at days 1 and 4 after exposure. For cytotoxicity testing, confluent cells were cultured in serum-depleted medium, and the MTT test was performed after 24 hours of incubation. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), keratan sulphate (KS), and cytokeratin-3 (AE5) was studied by immunohistochemistry. Live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assay was performed and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after 24 hours of incubation. Cell morphology was assessed with a phase-contrast microscope after 7 days of exposure with different concentrations of bevacizumab (0.25-5.0 mg/mL), and signs of cellular damage were assessed. RESULTS No cytotoxic effect of bevacizumab on CKs, CFs, and CECs could be observed when used at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL or lower. Bevacizumab-treated cells showed no signs of cellular damage compared with the control. CKs, CFs, and CECs stained positively for VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. CKs and CECs stained positively for AE5, whereas CFs were immunopositive for KS. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab is not toxic to corneal cells of human origin in vitro at doses usually used for treatment of corneal neovascularization, which is 20-fold higher than that used for intravitreal application.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/toxicity
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Bevacizumab
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Serum-Free
- Endothelium, Corneal/cytology
- Endothelium, Corneal/drug effects
- Endothelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Epithelium, Corneal/cytology
- Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects
- Epithelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Keratan Sulfate/metabolism
- Keratin-3/metabolism
- Tetrazolium Salts
- Thiazoles
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Efdal Yoeruek
- Department of Ophthalmology I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Choi IK, Shin HJ, Lee HS, Kwon HJ. Streptochlorin, a marine natural product, inhibits NF-kappaB activation and suppresses angiogenesis in vitro. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:1338-1343. [PMID: 18051603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential step in tumor progress and metastasis. Accordingly, small molecules that inhibit angiogenesis would appear to be a promising way to cure angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer. In the present study, we report that streptochlorin, a small molecule from marine actinomycete, exhibits a potent antiangiogenic activity. The compound potently inhibited endothelial cell invasion and tube formation stimulated with vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) at low micromolar concentrations where it showed no cytotoxicity to the cells. In addition, streptochlorin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in the newly developed cell-based reporter gene assay. These data demonstrate that streptochlorin is a new inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation and can be a basis for the development of novel anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kwon Choi
- Chemical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no known effective therapies for distantly metastatic, rapidly progressive thyroid carcinomas unresponsive to radioiodine. OBJECTIVE Since thyroid carcinomas are hypervascular and thalidomide is antiangiogenic, we assessed thalidomide's tumoristatic effects and toxicity in a phase II trial. DESIGN Thirty-six patients with follicular, papillary, insular, or medullary thyroid carcinomas and distant, radioiodine-unresponsive metastases (volumes increasing >or= 30% per year before entry) were accrued between July 2001 and December 2002. Daily thalidomide started at 200 mg, increasing over 6 weeks to 800 mg or maximum tolerated dose. Toxicities and responses were assessed at 8-week intervals with tumor volume assessments. MAIN OUTCOMES Twenty-eight of 36 patients were evaluable, 5 with partial responses (PR: 18%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 6-37%) and 9 patients with stable disease (SD: 32%; 95% CI: 12-42%) for overall 50% response (95% CI: 31-69%). Median PR duration was 4 months (range: 2-6 months), and SD duration was 6 months (range: 2-14 months). Median survival was 23.5 months for responders (PR + SD) and 11 months for nonresponders. Most frequent toxicity was fatigue (69% grade 1-2, 8% grade 3-4). Four patients had grade 3-4 infections (without neutropenia), one had pericardial effusion, and one had pulmonary embolus. CONCLUSIONS Thalidomide confers therapeutic benefit in subsets of thyroid cancer patients with rapidly progressive, distantly metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Ain
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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Xu L, Zuch CL, Lin YS, Modi NB, Lum BL. Pharmacokinetics and safety of bevacizumab administered in combination with cisplatin and paclitaxel in cynomolgus monkeys. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:607-14. [PMID: 17549476 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bevacizumab is the first anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody approved for use in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of a variety of solid tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of bevacizumab when administered concomitantly with paclitaxel and cisplatin to cynomolgus monkeys, and to assess the pharmacokinetic and safety interactions between bevacizumab and the two chemotherapeutic agents. METHODS Twenty male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis) were randomized to one of four treatment groups: vehicle, bevacizumab alone, cisplatin alone, and the combination of cisplatin and bevacizumab. Blood collection over serial time points allowed determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel and bevacizumab and the maximum concentration (C (max)) for cisplatin. Drug concentrations were determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption, high performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, for cisplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab, respectively. RESULTS AUC0-t values for bevacizumab when administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy were 6,747 +/- 1,872 and 7,366 +/- 1,599 microg/ml x day, respectively. AUC0-t values for paclitaxel with or without concomitantly administered bevacizumab were 10.9 +/- 2.9 and 10.3 +/- 3.7 microg/ml x day, respectively. No alterations in the C (max) of bevacizumab, paclitaxel, or cisplatin were observed between any of the treatment groups. As expected, based on their known safety profile, the administration of cisplatin and paclitaxel were associated with vomiting, decreased body weight, and transient decreases in white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts; concomitant bevacizumab administration did not alter the incidence or severity of these toxicological effects. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetic estimates for bevacizumab, paclitaxel and cisplatin indicate that combination of bevacizumab with the two chemotherapeutic agents does not result in a pharmacokinetic interaction. Moreover, the addition of bevacizumab to the chemotherapy regimen did not appear to alter the safety profiles of cisplatin/paclitaxel in cynomolgus monkeys. Results from the present study supported the clinical development of bevacizumab treatment regimens in combination with the chemotherapeutic agents paclitaxel and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way (MS-70), South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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