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Courault P, Bouvard S, Bouillot C, Bolbos R, Zeinyeh W, Iecker T, Liger F, Billard T, Zimmer L, Chauveau F, Lancelot S. Perspectives on obesity imaging: [ 18F]2FNQ1P a specific 5-HT 6 brain PET radiotracer. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01644-x. [PMID: 39375529 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates suggest that approximatively 25% of the world population will be overweight in 2025. Better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity will help to develop future therapeutics. Serotonin subtype 6 receptors (5-HT6) have been shown to be critically involved in appetite reduction and weight loss. However, it is not known if the pathological cascade triggered by obesity modifies the density of 5-HT6 receptors in the brain. METHODS Influence of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in Wistar rats was explored using MRI (whole-body fat) and PET ([18F]2FNQ1P as a specific 5-HT6 radiotracer). The primary goal was to monitor the 5-HT6 receptor density before and after a 10-week diet (DIO group). The secondary goal was to compare 5-HT6 receptor densities between DIO group, Wistar control diet group, Zucker rats (with genetic obesity) and Zucker lean strain rats. RESULTS Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet showed higher body fat gain than Wistar control diet rats on MRI. [18F]2FNQ1P PET analysis highlighted significant clusters of voxels (located in hippocampus, striatum, cingulate, temporal cortex and brainstem) with increased binding after high-fat diet (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). CONCLUSION This study sheds a new light on the influence of high-fat diet on 5-HT6 receptors. This study also positions [18F]2FNQ1P PET as an innovative tool to explore neuronal consequences of obesity or eating disorder pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Courault
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France.
| | - Sandrine Bouvard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Radu Bolbos
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Waël Zeinyeh
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Thibaut Iecker
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - François Liger
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Thierry Billard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), Université de Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
- National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INSTN), CEA, Saclay, France
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
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Kotańska M, Zadrożna M, Kubacka M, Mika K, Szczepańska K, Nowak B, Alesci A, Miller A, Lauriano ER, Kieć-Kononowicz K. The Effect of KSK-94, a Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, on Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of Developing Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:858. [PMID: 39065709 PMCID: PMC11280160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies highlight the critical role that neural histamine plays in feeding behavior, which is controlled by central histamine H3 and H1 receptors. This is the fundamental motivation for the increased interest in creating histamine H3 receptor antagonists as anti-obesity medications. On the other hand, multiple other neurotransmitter systems have been identified as pharmacotherapeutic targets for obesity, including sigma-2 receptor systems. Interestingly, in our previous studies in the rat excessive eating model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of obesity using dual histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands. Moreover, we showed that compound KSK-94 (structural analog of Abbott's A-331440) reduced the number of calories consumed, and thus acted as an anorectic compound. Therefore, in this study, we extended the previous research and studied the influence of KSK-94 on adipose tissue collected from animals from our previous experiment. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was collected from four groups of rats (standard diet + vehicle, palatable diet + vehicle, palatable diet + KSK-94, and palatable diet + bupropion/naltrexone) and subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The obtained results clearly indicate that compound KSK-94 prevented the hypertrophy and inflammation of visceral adipose tissue, normalized the levels of leptin, resistin and saved the total reduction capacity of adipose tissue, being more effective than bupropion/naltrexon in these aspects. Moreover, KSK-94 may induce browning of visceral white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that dual compounds with a receptor profile like KSK-94, i.e., targeting histamine H3 receptor and, to a lesser extent, sigma-2 receptor, could be attractive therapeutic options for patients at risk of developing obesity or with obesity and some metabolic disorders. However, more studies are required to determine its safety profile and the exact mechanism of action of KSK-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Pitoy M, Gauthier L, Debatisse J, Maulavé J, Météreau E, Beaudoin M, Portier K, Sgambato V, Billard T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S, Tremblay L. SB-258585 reduces food motivation while blocking 5-HT 6 receptors in the non-human primate striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110970. [PMID: 38354894 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The interest in new 5-HT₆ agents stems from their ability to modulate cognition processing, food motivation and anxiety-like behaviors. While these findings come primarily from rodent studies, no studies on primates have been published. Furthermore, our understanding of where and how they act in the brain remains limited. Although the striatum is involved in all of these processes and expresses the highest levels of 5-HT₆ receptors, few studies have focused on it. We thus hypothesized that 5-HT6 receptor blockade would influence food motivation and modulate behavioral expression in non-human primates through striatal 5-HT6 receptors. This study thus aimed to determine the effects of acute administration of the SB-258585 selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist on the feeding motivation and behaviors of six male macaques. Additionally, we investigated potential 5-HT6 targets using PET imaging to measure 5-HT6 receptor occupancy throughout the brain and striatal subregions. We used a food-choice task paired with spontaneous behavioral observations, checking 5-HT6 receptor occupancy with the specific PET imaging [18F]2FNQ1P radioligand. We demonstrated, for the first time in non-human primates, that modulation of 5-HT6 transmission, most likely through the striatum (the putamen and caudate nucleus), significantly reduces food motivation while exhibiting variable, weaker effects on behavior. While these results are consistent with the literature showing a decrease in food intake in rodents and proposing that 5-HT6 receptor antagonists can be used in obesity treatment, they question the antagonists' anxiolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pitoy
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France.
| | - Lisa Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Debatisse
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Maulavé
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Météreau
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Maude Beaudoin
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karine Portier
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, CREFAC, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; UCBL, CNRS, INSERM, CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Trajectoire, Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, 3 Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Léon Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR-5229 CNRS, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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Zimmer L. Recent applications of positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging in psychiatric drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:161-172. [PMID: 37948046 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2278635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatry is one of the medical disciplines that suffers most from a lack of innovation in its therapeutic arsenal. Many failures in drug candidate trials can be explained by pharmacological properties that have been poorly assessed upstream, in terms of brain passage, brain target binding and clinical outcomes. Positron emission tomography can provide pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to help select candidate-molecules for further clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review aims to explain and discuss the various methods using positron-emitting radiolabeled molecules to trace the cerebral distribution of the drug-candidate or indirectly measure binding to its therapeutic target. More than an exhaustive review of PET studies in psychopharmacology, this article highlights the contributions this technology can make in drug discovery applied to psychiatry. EXPERT OPINION PET neuroimaging is the only technological approach that can, in vivo in humans, measure cerebral delivery of a drug candidate, percentage and duration of target binding, and even the pharmacological effects. PET studies in a small number of subjects in the early stages of the development of a psychotropic drug can therefore provide the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data required for subsequent clinical evaluation. While PET technology is demanding in terms of radiochemical, radiopharmacological and nuclear medicine expertise, its integration into the development process of new drugs for psychiatry has great added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
- CERMEP, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaire, Saclay, France
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Sudoł-Tałaj S, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Podlewska S, Kurczab R, Satała G, Mordyl B, Głuch-Lutwin M, Wilczyńska-Zawal N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Czarnota-Łydka K, Kurowska K, Kubacka M, Żesławska E, Nitek W, Olejarz-Maciej A, Doroz-Płonka A, Partyka A, Latacz G, Wesołowska A, Handzlik J. Hydrophobicity modulation via the substituents at positions 2 and 4 of 1,3,5-triazine to enhance therapeutic ability against Alzheimer's disease for potent serotonin 5-HT 6R agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115756. [PMID: 37657272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex aetiology, is the most common memory dysfunction particularly affecting the elderly. Various protein targets have been classified to be involved in the AD treatment, including 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R). So far, the 5-HT6R ligands obtained by our research group have become a good basis for hydrophobicity modulation to give a chance for more effective action toward AD by additional influence on target enzymes, e.g. cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). In the search for 5-HT6R agents with additional inhibitory action on the enzyme, a series of 25 new 1,3,5-triazines (7-31) as modifications of lead, 4-[1-(2,5-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-amine (6), was rationally designed. Molecular modelling, synthesis, crystallographic studies, in vitro biological assays and behavioral studies in vivo were performed. The new triazines showed high affinity (Ki < 100 nM) and selectivity for 5-HT6R. The most effective one, 4-[1-(2,5-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-amine (8), exhibited the strong antagonistic action towards 5-HT6R (Ki = 5 nM, pKb = 8.16), had an impact on the memory processes in the Novel Object Recognition test and displayed anxiolytic-like activity in the Elevated Plus Maze test in rats. Moreover, it had the antiplatelet effect as well as very good permeability (PAMPA model), high metabolic stability (RLMs) and satisfactory safety in vitro. Although the CDK5 inhibitory effects in vitro for the tested compounds (8, 10, 14, 18, 26-31) missed the potency expected from in silico simulations, the novel antagonist (8) with a very satisfying pharmacological and ADMET profile can serve as a new lead structure in further searches for innovative therapy against AD with accompanying symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sudoł-Tałaj
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 16, PL 31-530, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska-Zawal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 16, PL 31-530, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Kurowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Gałęzowski M, Fabritius CH, Pesonen U, Salo H, Olszak-Płachta M, Czerwińska K, Adamczyk J, Król M, Prusis P, Sieprawska-Lupa M, Mikulski M, Kuokkanen K, Obuchowicz R, Korjamo T, Jalava N, Nikiforuk A, Nowak M. 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of substituted 2-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)pyridines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129497. [PMID: 37806499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the discovery and pharmacological characterization of a new series of 6-piperazinyl-7-azaindoles. These compounds demonstrate potent antagonism and selectivity against the 5-HT6 receptor. Our research primarily focuses on optimizing the lead structure and investigating the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds. Our main objective is to improve their activity and selectivity against off-target receptors. Overall, our findings contribute to the advancement of novel compounds targeting the 5-HT6 receptor. Compound 29 exhibits significant promise in terms of pharmacological, physicochemical, and ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties. Consequently, it merits thorough exploration as a potential drug candidate due to its favorable activity profile and successful outcomes in a range of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Justyna Adamczyk
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Król
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Peteris Prusis
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Maciej Mikulski
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katja Kuokkanen
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Timo Korjamo
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niina Jalava
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1A, 02200 Espoo, Finland
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowak
- Ryvu Therapeutics S.A., Sternbacha Street 2, 30-394 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Shin Y, Kim S, Sohn JW. Serotonergic regulation of appetite and sodium appetite. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13328. [PMID: 37525500 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons is changed in response to the changes in feeding status to regulate appetite via the serotonin receptors. Likewise, changes in volume status are known to alter the activity of raphe serotonergic neurons and drugs targeting serotonin receptors were shown to affect sodium appetite. Therefore, the central serotonin system appears to regulate ingestion of both food and salt, although neural mechanisms that induce appetite in response to hunger and sodium appetite in response to volume depletion are largely distinct from each other. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge regarding the regulation of ingestion - appetite and sodium appetite - by the central serotonin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungjik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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8
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Jiang Y, Pan C, Tang T, Liu M, Zhang X. Palladium-catalysed site-selective arene ortho C-H fluoroalkoxylation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2748-2753. [PMID: 36916729 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalysed direct arene C-H fluoroalkoxylation of 4-aryl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with fluorinated alcohols is described. Highly site-selective mono- or bis-fluoroalkoxylation can be achieved by tuning the reaction conditions, affording various fluoroalkoxylated pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives in moderate to good yields, which offer rational tailoring of their biological activity for their application in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chenhong Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Tang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Mingrui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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9
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Stimulation of nucleus accumbens 5-HT6 receptors increases both appetitive and consummatory motivation in an effort-based choice task. Neuroreport 2023; 34:116-121. [PMID: 36608167 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity of the serotonin 6(5-HT6) receptor impacts food intake and body weight in animal models and has also shown potential as a target for treatment of anhedonia, a symptom of major depressive disorder. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region involved in motivational processes and has been implicated in the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia. Here, we assessed the potential role that 5-HT6 receptors in the NAc play in regulating motivation towards food. Rats received surgical implantation of guide cannulas above the NAc shell. On testing days, they were injected with either the selective 5-HT6 agonist EMD 386088 (at 0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/0.5 mL/side) or the 5-HT6 antagonist SB 252585 (at 0, 1.0, and 4.0 µg/0.5 µL/side) prior to completing a 1-h long effort-based choice task. The task simultaneously examined the impact of NAc 5-HT6 receptor manipulation on appetitive motivation, measured as the breakpoint for earning a preferred sugar pellet in a progressive ratio task, and consummatory motivation, quantified as the grams of freely-available rat chow consumed during the session. Stimulation of NAc 5-HT receptors significantly increased both appetitive and consummatory motivation as assessed in this effort-based choice task. In contrast, 5-HT6 antagonism did not affect break point nor the consumption of the freely-available chow. These data suggest that 5-HT6 receptors are functional within the NAc, that their stimulation increases motivated behavior, and that they may therefore be a viable target for the treatment of anhedonia and disorders that inhibit motivational processes.
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Impact of 5-HT 6 Receptor Subcellular Localization on Its Signaling and Its Pathophysiological Roles. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030426. [PMID: 36766768 PMCID: PMC9913600 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT)6 receptor still raises particular interest given its unique spatio-temporal pattern of expression among the serotonin receptor subtypes. It is the only serotonin receptor specifically expressed in the central nervous system, where it is detected very early in embryonic life and modulates key neurodevelopmental processes, from neuronal migration to brain circuit refinement. Its predominant localization in the primary cilium of neurons and astrocytes is also unique among the serotonin receptor subtypes. Consistent with the high expression levels of the 5-HT6 receptor in brain regions involved in the control of cognitive processes, it is now well-established that the pharmacological inhibition of the receptor induces pro-cognitive effects in several paradigms of cognitive impairment in rodents, including models of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The 5-HT6 receptor can engage several signaling pathways in addition to the canonical Gs signaling, but there is still uncertainty surrounding the signaling pathways that underly its modulation of cognition, as well as how the receptor's coupling is dependent on its cellular compartmentation. Here, we describe recent findings showing how the proper subcellular localization of the receptor is achieved, how this peculiar localization determines signaling pathways engaged by the receptor, and their pathophysiological influence.
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11
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Bednarski M, Szczepańska K, Pociecha K, Kubacka M, Nicosia N, Juda I, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Kotańska M. KSK-74: Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand with Anti-Obesity Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137011. [PMID: 35806019 PMCID: PMC9266460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies involving compounds that enhance histamine release, such as histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, have shown efficacy in inhibiting weight gain, but none have passed clinical trials. As part of the search for H3 receptor ligands that have additional properties, the aim of this study is to evaluate the activity in the reduction in weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating, as well as the impact on selected metabolic parameters, and the number and size of adipocytes of two new H3R antagonists, KSK-60 and KSK-74, which also exert a significant affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Compounds KSK-60 and KSK-74 are homologues and the elongation of the distal part of the molecule resulted in an approximate two-fold reduction in affinity at H3R, but simultaneously an almost two-fold increase in affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Animals fed palatable feed and receiving KSK-60 or KSK-74 both at 10 mg/kg b.w. gained significantly less weight than animals in the control obese group. Moreover, KSK-74 significantly compensated for metabolic disturbances that accompany obesity, such as an increase in plasma triglyceride, resistin, and leptin levels; improved glucose tolerance; and protected experimental animals against adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, KSK-74 inhibited the development of inflammation in obesity-exposed adipose tissue. The in vivo pharmacological activity of the tested ligands appears to correlate with the affinity at the sigma-2 receptors; however, the explanation of this phenomenon requires further and extended research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Izabela Juda
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-12-6205530
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12
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Ferrulli A, Terruzzi I, Senesi P, Succi M, Cannavaro D, Luzi L. Turning the clock forward: New pharmacological and non pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1320-1334. [PMID: 35354547 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity and its main metabolic complication, type 2 diabetes, have attained the status of a global pandemic; there is need for novel strategies aimed at treating obesity and preventing the development of diabetes. A healthy diet and exercise are basic for treatment of obesity but often not enough. Pharmacotherapy can be helpful in maintaining compliance, ameliorating obesity-related health risks, and improving quality of life. In the last two decades, the knowledge of central and peripheral mechanisms underlying homeostatic and hedonic aspects of food intake has significantly increased. Dysregulation of one or more of these components could lead to obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS In order to better understand how potential innovative treatment options can affect obesity, homeostatic and reward mechanisms that regulate energy balance has been firstly illustrated. Then, an overview of potential therapeutic targets for obesity, distinguished according to the level of regulation of feeding behavior, has been provided. Moreover, several non-drug therapies have been recently tested in obesity, such as non-invasive neurostimulation: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation or Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. All of them are promising for obesity treatment and are almost devoid of side effects, constituting a potential resource for the prevention of metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS The plethora of current anti-obesity therapies creates the unique challenge for physicians to customize the intervention, according to the specific obesity characteristics and the intervention side effect profiles; moreover, it allows multimodal approaches addressed to treat obesity and metabolic adaptation with complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Succi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cannavaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligands-KSK-59 and KSK-73-Reduce Body Weight Gain in a Rat Model of Excessive Eating. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111080. [PMID: 34832862 PMCID: PMC8622623 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noting the worldwide rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity new effective drugs are now being sought to combat these diseases. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists may represent an effective therapy as they have been shown to modulate histamine synthesis and release and affect a number of other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, substance P) thus influencing the food intake. Based on the preliminary studies determining affinity, intrinsic activity, and selected pharmacokinetic parameters, two histamine H3 receptor ligands were selected. Female rats were fed palatable food for 28 days and simultaneously administered the tested compounds intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 or 1 mg/kg b.w./day. Weight was evaluated daily and calorie intake was evaluated once per week. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, corticosterone, CRP and IL-6 were determined at the end of experiment. The glucose tolerance test was also performed. To exclude false positives, the effect of tested compounds on spontaneous activity was monitored during the treatment, as well as the amount of consumed kaolin clay was studied as a reflection of possible gastrointestinal disturbances comparable to nausea. The histamine H3 receptor antagonists KSK-59 and KSK-73 administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. prevented weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating. They reduced adipose tissue deposits and improved glucose tolerance. Both compounds showed satisfying ability to penetrate through biological membranes determined in in vitro studies. Compound KSK-73 also reduced the caloric intake of the experimental animals what indicates its anorectic effect. These results show the pharmacological properties of histamine H3 receptor antagonists, (4-pyridyl)piperazine derivatives, as the compounds causing not only slower weight gain but also ameliorating some metabolic disorders in rats having the opportunity to overeat.
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14
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The Phenoxyalkyltriazine Antagonists for 5-HT 6 Receptor with Promising Procognitive and Pharmacokinetic Properties In Vivo in Search for a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Dementia Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910773. [PMID: 34639113 PMCID: PMC8509428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the serotonin receptors, one of the most recently discovered 5-HT6 subtype is an important protein target and its ligands may play a key role in the innovative treatment of cognitive disorders. However, none of its selective ligands have reached the pharmaceutical market yet. Recently, a new chemical class of potent 5-HT6 receptor agents, the 1,3,5-triazine-piperazine derivatives, has been synthesized. Three members, the ortho and meta dichloro- (1,2) and the unsubstituted phenyl (3) derivatives, proved to be of special interest due to their high affinities (1,2) and selectivity (3) toward 5-HT6 receptor. Thus, a broader pharmacological profile for 1–3, including comprehensive screening of the receptor selectivity and drug-like parameters in vitro as well as both, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in vivo, have been investigated within this study. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained results indicated significant procognitive-like activity together with beneficial drug-likeness in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo profiles for both, (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (2) and (RS)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(1-phenoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3), but insensibly predominant for compound 2. Nevertheless, both compounds (2 and 3) seem to be good Central Nervous System drug candidates in search for novel therapeutic approach to dementia diseases, based on the 5-HT6 receptor target.
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15
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Bednarski M, Kuder K, Szczepańska K, Pociecha K, Pomierny B, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Sapa J, Kotańska M. Metabolic benefits of novel histamine H 3 receptor ligands in the model of excessive eating: The importance of intrinsic activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111952. [PMID: 34325303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS One of the therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity is the use of histamine H3 receptor ligands. Histamine plays a significant role in eating behavior because it causes a loss of appetite and is considered to be a satiety signal released during food intake. MATERIAL AND METHODS Histamine ligands were selected based on the preliminary studies which included determination of intrinsic activity and selected pharmacokinetic parameters. Female Wistar rats were fed palatable feed for 28 days and simultaneously the tested compounds were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w./day. Rats' weight was evaluated daily and calories intake was evaluated once per week. At the end of experiment insulin and glucose tolerance tests was performed. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, insulin, glucose, C-peptide and CRP were also determined. In order to rule out false-positive results the influence of tested compounds on spontaneous activity of rats was monitored. RESULTS Animals fed palatable feed and treated with KSK-61 or KSK-63 compounds showed the slowest weight gain which was comparable to the one observed in control animals. Both compounds with the highest pharmacological activity have also similar pharmacokinetic properties with quite long half-life and high volume of distribution indicating that they can freely cross most biological barriers. Some compounds, especially KSK-63, compensated for metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION The presented study proves that search among the active histamine H3 receptor ligands for the new therapeutic agents to treat obesity is justified. Compounds KSK-61 and KSK-63 can be considered as the leading structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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16
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Marcinkowska M, Bucki A, Sniecikowska J, Zagórska A, Fajkis-Zajączkowska N, Siwek A, Gluch-Lutwin M, Żmudzki P, Jastrzebska-Wiesek M, Partyka A, Wesołowska A, Abram M, Przejczowska-Pomierny K, Cios A, Wyska E, Mika K, Kotańska M, Mierzejewski P, Kolaczkowski M. Multifunctional Arylsulfone and Arylsulfonamide-Based Ligands with Prominent Mood-Modulating Activity and Benign Safety Profile, Targeting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12603-12629. [PMID: 34436892 PMCID: PMC8436213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The current pharmaceutical
market lacks therapeutic agents designed
to modulate behavioral disturbances associated with dementia. To address
this unmet medical need, we designed multifunctional ligands characterized
by a nanomolar affinity for clinically relevant targets that are associated
with the disease pathology, namely, the 5-HT2A/6/7 and
D2 receptors. Compounds that exhibited favorable functional
efficacy, water solubility, and metabolic stability were selected
for more detailed study. Pharmacological profiling revealed that compound 11 exerted pronounced antidepressant activity (MED 0.1 mg/kg),
outperforming commonly available antidepressant drugs, while compound 16 elicited a robust anxiolytic activity (MED 1 mg/kg), exceeding
comparator anxiolytics. In contrast to the existing psychotropic agents
tested, the novel chemotypes did not negatively impact cognition.
At a chronic dose regimen (25 days), 11 did not induce
significant metabolic or adverse blood pressure disturbances. These
promising therapeutic-like activities and benign safety profiles make
the novel chemotypes potential treatment options for dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sniecikowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagórska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agata Siwek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Gluch-Lutwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Partyka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cios
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Mierzejewski
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kolaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland.,Adamed Pharma S.A., 6A Mariana Adamkiewicza Street, Pienkow, 05-152 Czosnow, Poland
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17
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Sapa J, Kotańska M. Influence of betahistine repeated administration on a weight gain and selected metabolic parameters in the model of excessive eating in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111892. [PMID: 34229247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to search for a promising therapeutic target or small molecules that can control excessive eating since limiting the intake of foods, especially tasty ones, could be effective in the treatment or prevention of obesity. Some studies indicate betahistine as an unique drug having the ability to ameliorate, for example, antipsychotic-induced weight gain. This study aimed to determine whether repeated administration of betahistine (histamine H1R agonist and H3R antagonist) could be beneficial in reducing the intake of tasty foods or the body's response to overeating via mechanisms such as by influencing the levels of hormones involved in the regulation of food intake or the levels of selected metabolic parameters. Studies were performed in the excessive eating model in rats, which perfectly illustrates the harmful high-caloric intake from freely available tasty products rich in sugar and fat. Our results indicated that repeated administration of betahistine to rats caused lower gain of body mass compared to the control rats fed palatable feed. Interestingly, betahistine treatment increased the consumption of cheese, which is a source of histamine. Although betahistine did not prevent the development of metabolic disorders, such as reduced glucose tolerance, in test animals, it significantly increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which could certainly be considered beneficial. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the effect of repeated administration of betahistine on satiety, gastrointestinal disorders, and the preference for histamine-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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18
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Arrieta-Rodríguez L, Espinoza-Rosales D, Vera G, Cho YH, Cabezas D, Vásquez-Velásquez D, Mella-Raipán J, Lagos CF, Recabarren-Gajardo G. Novel N-Arylsulfonylindoles Targeted as Ligands of the 5-HT 6 Receptor. Insights on the Influence of C-5 Substitution on Ligand Affinity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060528. [PMID: 34206083 PMCID: PMC8227400 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of twenty-two C-5 substituted N-arylsulfonylindoles was prepared with the aim of exploring the influence of C-5 substitution on 5-HT6 receptor affinity. Eleven compounds showed moderate to high affinity at the receptor (Ki = 58–403 nM), with compound 4d being identified as the most potent ligand. However, regarding C-5 substitution, both methoxy and fluorine were detrimental for receptor affinity compared to our previously published unsubstituted compounds. In order to shed light on these observations, we performed docking and molecular dynamics simulations with the most potent compounds of each series (4d and 4l) and PUC-10, a highly active ligand previously reported by our group. The comparison brings about deeper insight about the influence of the C-5 substitution on the binding mode of the ligands, suggesting that these replacements are detrimental to the affinity due to precluding a ligand from reaching deeper inside the binding site. Additionally, CoMFA/CoMSIA studies were performed to systematize the information of the main structural and physicochemical characteristics of the ligands, which are responsible for their biological activity. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models presented high values of q2 (0.653; 0.692) and r2 (0.879; 0.970), respectively. Although the biological activity of the ligands can be explained in terms of the steric and electronic properties, it depends mainly on the electronic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Arrieta-Rodríguez
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Daniela Espinoza-Rosales
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Vera
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - Young Hwa Cho
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
| | - David Cabezas
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (D.C.); (J.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile
| | - David Vásquez-Velásquez
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (D.C.); (J.M.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Valparaíso 2360134, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Lab, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Recabarren-Gajardo
- Bioactive Heterocycles Synthesis Laboratory (BHSL), Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (L.A.-R.); (D.E.-R.); (G.V.); (Y.H.C.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-23541418
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Kotańska M, Mika K, Szafarz M, Kubacka M, Müller CE, Sapa J, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Effects of GPR18 Ligands on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in a Female Rat Model of Excessive Eating. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030270. [PMID: 33809564 PMCID: PMC8002110 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR18 has been proposed to play a role in the progression of metabolic disease and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of selective GRP18 ligands (the antagonists PSB-CB5 and PSB-CB27 and the agonist PSB-KK1415) on body mass and the development of metabolic disorders commonly accompanying obesity. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats. In order to determine the anorectic activity of the investigated ligands, their effect on food and water intake in a model of excessive eating was assessed. Lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels as well as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in plasma were also evaluated. Potential side effects were examined in rat models of pica behavior and conditioned taste aversion. Animals treated with different ligands gained significantly less weight than rats from the obese control group. Effects of GPR18 antagonists on food intake and body weight were specific and unrelated to visceral illness, stress or changes in spontaneous activity. However, the GPR18 agonist is likely to affect body weight by inducing gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea. The presented preliminary data support the idea that the search for selective GPR18 antagonists for the treatment of obesity might be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-12-6205530
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland;
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Szczepańska K, Pockes S, Podlewska S, Höring C, Mika K, Latacz G, Bednarski M, Siwek A, Karcz T, Nagl M, Bresinsky M, Mönnich D, Seibel U, Kuder KJ, Kotańska M, Stark H, Elz S, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Structural modifications in the distal, regulatory region of histamine H 3 receptor antagonists leading to the identification of a potent anti-obesity agent. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113041. [PMID: 33261900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4-pyridylpiperazine derivatives with varying regulatory region substituents proved to be potent histamine H3 receptor (H3R) ligands in the nanomolar concentration range. The most influential modification that affected the affinity toward the H3R appeared by introducing electron-withdrawing moieties into the distal aromatic ring. In order to finally discuss the influence of the characteristic 4-pyridylpiperazine moiety on H3R affinity, two Ciproxifan analogues 2 and 3 with a slight modification in their basic part were obtained. The replacement of piperazine in 3 with piperidine in compound 2, led to slightly reduced affinity towards the H3R (Ki = 3.17 and 7.70 nM, respectively). In fact, 3 showed the highest antagonistic properties among all compounds in this series, hence affirming our previous assumptions, that the 4-pyridylpiperazine moiety is the key element for suitable interaction with the human histamine H3 receptor. While its structural replacement to piperidine is also tolerated for H3R binding, the heteroaromatic 4-pyridyl moiety seems to be essential for proper ligand-receptor interaction. The putative protein-ligand interactions responsible for their high affinity were demonstrated using molecular modeling techniques. Furthermore, selectivity, intrinsic activity at the H3R, as well as drug-like properties of ligands were evaluated using in vitro methods. Moreover, pharmacological in vivo test results of compound 9 (structural analogue of Abbott's A-331440) clearly indicate that it may affect the amount of calories consumed, thus act as an anorectic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków, 31-343, Poland
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Martin Nagl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kamil J Kuder
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
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Sudoł S, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Kurczab R, Wilczyńska N, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Latacz G, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Żesławska E, Nitek W, Partyka A, Buzun K, Doroz-Płonka A, Wesołowska A, Bielawska A, Handzlik J. Chlorine substituents and linker topology as factors of 5-HT 6R activity for novel highly active 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with procognitive properties in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112529. [PMID: 32693296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the light of recent lines of evidence, 5-HT6R ligands are a promising tool for future treatment of memory impairment. Hence, this study has supplied highly potent 5-HT6R agents with procognitive effects, which represent an original chemical class of 1,3,5-triazines, different from widely studied sulfone and indole-like 5-HT6R ligands. The new compounds were rationally designed as modifications of lead, 4-(1-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (1), involving an introduction of: (i) two chlorines at benzene ring and (ii) varied linkers joining the triazine ring to aromatic ethers. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological tests and computer-aided SAR analysis for 19 new compounds were carried out. Most of the new triazines displayed high affinity (Ki < 100 nM) and selectivity towards 5-HT6R, with respect to 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R and D2R. The crystallography-supported docking studies, including quantum-polarized ligand docking (QPLD), indicated that chlorine atoms may be involved in different type of halogen bonding, however, the linker properties seem to predominately affect the 5-HT6R affinity. 4-[1-(2,5-Dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (9), which displayed: the highest affinity (Ki = 6 nM), very strong 5-HT6R antagonistic action (KB = 27 pM), procognitive effects in vivo in novel object recognition (NOR) test in rats, a very good permeability in PAMPA model and satisfying safety in vitro, was identified as the most potent 1,3,5-triazine agent so far, useful as a new lead for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sudoł
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilczyńska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, PL 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Deparmtent of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, PL 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Deparmtent of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, PL 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Kang JS. Dietary restriction of amino acids for Cancer therapy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32190097 PMCID: PMC7071719 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosyntheses of proteins, nucleotides and fatty acids, are essential for the malignant proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Cumulating research findings show that amino acid restrictions are potential strategies for cancer interventions. Meanwhile, dietary strategies are popular among cancer patients. However, there is still lacking solid rationale to clarify what is the best strategy, why and how it is. Here, integrated analyses and comprehensive summaries for the abundances, signalling and functions of amino acids in proteomes, metabolism, immunity and food compositions, suggest that, intermittent dietary lysine restriction with normal maize as an intermittent staple food for days or weeks, might have the value and potential for cancer prevention or therapy. Moreover, dietary supplements were also discussed for cancer cachexia including dietary immunomodulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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23
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Emery S, Fieux S, Vidal B, Courault P, Bouvard S, Tourvieille C, Iecker T, Billard T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S. Preclinical validation of [ 18F]2FNQ1P as a specific PET radiotracer of 5-HT 6 receptors in rat, pig, non-human primate and human brain tissue. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:57-63. [PMID: 32006785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to perform in-vitro and in-vivo radiopharmacological characterizations of [18F]2FNQ1P, a new PET radiotracer of 5-HT6 receptors, in rat, pig, non-human primate and human tissues. The 5-HT6 receptor is one of the more recently identified serotonin receptors in central nervous system and, because of its role in memory and cognitive processes, is considered as a promising therapeutic target. METHODS In-vitro autoradiography and saturation binding assays were performed in postmortem brain tissues from rat, pig, non-human primate and human caudate nucleus, completed by serum stability assessment in all species and cerebral radiometabolite and biodistribution studies in rat. RESULTS In all species, autoradiography data revealed high binding levels of [18F]2FNQ1P in cerebral regions with high 5-HT6 receptor density. Binding was blocked by addition of SB258585 as a specific antagonist. Binding assays provided KD and Bmax values of respectively 1.34 nM and 0.03 pmol·mg-1 in rat, 0.60 nM and 0.04 pmol·mg-1 in pig, 1.38 nM and 0.07 pmol·mg-1 in non-human primate, and 1.39 nM and 0.15 pmol·mg-1 in human caudate nucleus. In rat brain, the proportion of unmetabolized [18F]2FNQ1P was >99% 5 min after iv injection and 89% at 40 min. The biodistribution studies found maximal radioactivity in lungs and kidneys (3.5 ± 1.2% ID/g and 2.0 ± 0.7% ID/g, respectively, 15 min post-injection). CONCLUSION These radiopharmacological data confirm that [18F]2FNQ1P is a specific radiotracer for molecular imaging of 5-HT6 receptors and suggest that it could be used as a radiopharmaceutical in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Emery
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sylvain Fieux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Vidal
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Courault
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sandrine Bouvard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Billard
- CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France; National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology INSTN, CEA, Saclay, France.
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; CERMEP Imaging Platform, Bron, France
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Are the Hydantoin-1,3,5-triazine 5-HT 6R Ligands a Hope to a Find New Procognitive and Anti-Obesity Drug? Considerations Based on Primary In Vivo Assays and ADME-Tox Profile In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244472. [PMID: 31817628 PMCID: PMC6943527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the 5-HT6 serotonin receptor is an important target giving both agonists and antagonists similar therapeutic potency in the treatment of topic CNS-diseases, no 5-HT6R ligand has reached the pharmaceutical market yet due to the too narrow chemical space of the known 5-HT6R agents and insufficient “drugability.” Recently, a new group of non-indole and non-sulfone hydantoin-triazine 5-HT6R ligands was found, where 3-((4-amino-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (KMP-10) was the most active member. This study is focused on wider pharmacological and “druglikeness” characteristics for KMP-10. A computer-aided insight into molecular interactions with 5-HT6R has been performed. “Druglikeness” was examined using an eight-test panel in vitro, i.e., a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), and Caco-2 permeability-, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) affinity-, plasma protein binding-, metabolic stability- and drug–drug interaction-assays, as well as mutagenicity- and HepG2-hepatotoxicity risk tests. Behavioral studies in vivo, i.e., elevated plus-maze (EPM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, were performed. Extended studies on the influence of KMP-10 on rats’ metabolism, including biochemical tests, were conducted in vivo. Results indicated significant anxiolytic and precognitive properties, as well as some anti-obesity properties in vivo, and it was found to satisfy the “druglikeness” profile in vitro for KMP-10. The compound seems to be a good lead-structure and candidate for wider pharmacological studies in search for new CNS-drugs acting via 5-HT6R.
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5-HT6 receptor antagonism reduces defecation in rat: A potential treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Innovative Chemical Family of 5-HT 6 Serotonin Receptor Agents with Therapeutic Perspectives for Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143420. [PMID: 31336820 PMCID: PMC6678253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among serotonin receptors, the 5-HT6 subtype is the most controversial and the least known in the field of molecular mechanisms. The 5-HT6R ligands can be pivotal for innovative treatment of cognitive impairment, but none has reached pharmacological market, predominantly, due to insufficient “druglikeness” properties. Recently, 1,3,5-triazine-piperazine derivatives were identified as a new chemical family of potent 5-HT6R ligands. For the most active triazine 5-HT6R agents found (1–4), a wider binding profile and comprehensive in vitro evaluation of their drug-like parameters as well as behavioral studies and an influence on body mass in vivo were investigated within this work. Results indicated the most promising pharmacological/druglikeness profiles for 4-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3) and 4-((2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)methyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (4), which displayed a significant procognitive action and specific anxiolytic-like effects in the behavioral tests in vivo together with satisfied pharmaceutical and safety profiles in vitro. The thymol derivative (4) seems to be of higher importance as a new lead candidate, due to the innovative, non-indole and non-sulfone structure with the best 5-HT6R binding properties.
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27
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Ali W, Więcek M, Łażewska D, Kurczab R, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Lubelska A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Siwek A, Nasim MJ, Partyka A, Sudoł S, Latacz G, Wesołowska A, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Handzlik J. Synthesis and computer-aided SAR studies for derivatives of phenoxyalkyl-1,3,5-triazine as the new potent ligands for serotonin receptors 5-HT 6. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:740-751. [PMID: 31229876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This research has provided the most active 5-HT6R agents among 1,3,5-triazine derivatives investigated to date and has also identified the world's first selenium-containing 5-HT6R ligands. The studies are focused on design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking-supported SAR analysis for novel 5-HT6R agents as derivatives of lead structure 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (7). The lead modifications included an introduction of: (i) various small substituents at benzene ring, (ii) a branched ether linker or (iii) the ether oxygen replacement with other chalcogen (S, Se) or sulfonyl moiety. Hence, a series of new compounds (7-24) was synthesized and examined on their affinities for 5-HT6R and selectivity, in respect to the 5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R and dopamine D2 receptor, in the radioligand binding assays. For representative most active compounds functional bioassays and toxicity profile in vitro and antidepressant-like activity in vivo were examined. The 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl derivative (10) was found as the most active triazine 5-HT6R antagonist (Ki = 11 nM). SAR analysis indicated, that an exchange of oxygen to selenium (7 vs. 22), and especially, to sulfur (7 vs. 19) was beneficial to increase both affinity and antagonistic action for 5-HT6R. Surprisingly, an introduction of SO2 caused a drastic decrease of the 5-HT6R affinity, which was explained at a molecular level based on docking studies. All in vivo tested compounds (10, 18 and 21) did not show any risk of toxicity in the safety studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ali
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Więcek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Annamaria Lubelska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sudoł
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Marcinkowska M, Bucki A, Panek D, Siwek A, Fajkis N, Bednarski M, Zygmunt M, Godyń J, Del Rio Valdivieso A, Kotańska M, Kołaczkowski M, Więckowska A. Anti-Alzheimer's multitarget-directed ligands with serotonin 5-HT 6 antagonist, butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory, and antioxidant activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900041. [PMID: 31162703 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT6 receptors, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and oxidative stress are related to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of BuChE provides symptomatic treatment of the disease and the same effect was demonstrated for 5-HT 6 antagonists in clinical trials. Oxidative stress is regarded as a major and primary factor contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease; therefore, antioxidant agents may provide a disease-modifying effect. Combining BuChE inhibition, 5-HT 6 antagonism, and antioxidant properties may result in multitarget-directed ligands providing cognition-enhancing properties with neuroprotective activity. On the basis of the screening of the library of 5-HT 6 antagonists against BuChE, we selected two compounds and designed their structural modifications that could lead to improved BuChE inhibitory activity. We synthesized two series of compounds and tested their affinity and functional activity at 5-HT 6 receptors, BuChE inhibitory activity and antioxidant properties. Compound 12 with K i and K b values against 5-HT 6 receptors of 41.8 and 74 nM, respectively, an IC 50 value of 5 µM against BuChE and antioxidant properties exceeding the activity of ascorbic acid is a promising lead structure for further development of anti-Alzheimer's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marcinkowska
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nikola Fajkis
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alvaro Del Rio Valdivieso
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Computer-Aided Studies for Novel Arylhydantoin 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as 5-HT₆ Serotonin Receptor Ligands with Antidepressive-Like, Anxiolytic and Antiobesity Action In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102529. [PMID: 30282913 PMCID: PMC6222450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and computer-aided structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis for a novel group of aromatic triazine-methylpiperazines, with an hydantoin spacer between 1,3,5-traizine and the aromatic fragment. New compounds were synthesized and their affinities for serotonin 5-HT₆, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT₇, and dopamine D₂ receptors were evaluated. The induced-fit docking (IFD) procedure was performed to explore the 5-HT₆ receptor conformation space employing two lead structures. It resulted in a consistent binding mode with the activity data. For the most active compounds found in each modification line, anti-obesity and anti-depressive-like activity in vivo, as well as "druglikeness" in vitro, were examined. Two 2-naphthyl compounds (18 and 26) were identified as the most active 5-HT₆R agents within each lead modification line, respectively. The 5-(2-naphthyl)hydantoin derivative 26, the most active one in the series (5-HT₆R: Ki = 87 nM), displayed also significant selectivity towards competitive G-protein coupled receptors (6⁻197-fold). Docking studies indicated that the hydantoin ring is stabilized by hydrogen bonding, but due to its different orientation, the hydrogen bonds form with S5.44 and N6.55 or Q6.58 for 18 and 26, respectively. Compound 26 exerted anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like activities. Importantly, it demonstrated anti-obesity properties in animals fed palatable feed, and did not show toxic effects in vitro.
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