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Ali W, Garbo S, Kincses A, Nové M, Spengler G, Di Bello E, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Karcz T, Szymańska E, Żesławska E, Starek M, Dąbrowska M, Nitek W, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Pyka P, Fioravanti R, Jacob C, Battistelli C, Zwergel C, Handzlik J. Seleno-vs. thioether triazine derivatives in search for new anticancer agents overcoming multidrug resistance in lymphoma. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114761. [PMID: 36179403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas are still difficult to treat even with modern therapies as, among others, multidrug resistance (MDR) is often counteracting a successful cancer therapy. P-gp/ABC-transporters are well-known for their crucial role in the main tumour MDR mechanism, eliminating drugs and cytotoxic substances from the cancer cell by efflux, and their modulators are promising for innovative therapy, but none has been approved in the pharmaceutical market yet. Herein, we have designed, synthesised and analysed 30 novel seleno- and thioether 1,3,5-triazine derivatives conducting comprehensive studies to evaluate their potential application in human JURKAT lymphoma cells. Among the new compounds, four (11, 12, 13 and 23) were much more effective than the reference inhibitor verapamil, being potent ABCB1 inhibitors already at 2 μM, while 5 and 15 showed very potent ABCB1 inhibitory activity only at 20 μM. Results of P-gp ATPase assays, supported with docking studies, indicated the competitive substrate mode of modulating action for 15, while ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 genes expression induction by 15 with q-PCR was confirmed. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties in both sensitive (PAR) and resistant (MDR) mouse T-lymphoma cell lines, and compound 15, also considering its promising ABCB1 inhibition properties, was revealed to be the best compound in terms of its cytotoxic effect (IC50: 16.73 μM) as well as concerning the antiproliferative effect (IC50: 5.35 μM) in MDR cells. Regarding the mechanistic studies looking at the cell cycle, the thioether 15 and selenium derivatives 26 and 29 were significantly effective in the regulation of cell cycle-related genes alone or in co-treatment with doxorubicin counteracting Cyclin D1 and E1 expression and increasing p53 and p21 levels, shedding first light on their mechanism of action. In summary, we explored the chemical space of seleno- and thioether 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with interesting activity against lymphoma. Especially compound 15 is worthy of being studied deeper to evaluate its precise mode of action further as well it can be improved regarding its potency and drug-likeness.
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Muñoz-Patiño N, Sánchez-Eguía BN, Araiza-Olivera D, Flores-Alamo M, Hernández-Ortega S, Martínez-Otero D, Castillo I. Synthesis, structure, and biological activity of bis(benzimidazole)amino thio- and selenoether nickel complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111198. [PMID: 32801056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new nickel (II) complexes with bis(benzimidazole)thio- and selenoether-based ligands have been synthesized and characterized in the solid state by elemental analysis, IR, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray crystallography, and in solution by FAB+ mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds revealed octahedral geometries for all nickel centers. Three of the four complexes are dimers with chloride bridges between the two Ni(II) ions. However, in solution all complexes have a monomeric formulation, based on mass spectrometry and osmometry measurements. The complexes were also screened for their cytotoxic activity on human cell lines (HeLa, SK-LU-1 and HEK-293), and compared with a related Cu(II) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Patiño
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico
| | - Brenda N Sánchez-Eguía
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniela Araiza-Olivera
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Facultad de Química, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ivan Castillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Mexico.
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Ali W, Więcek M, Łażewska D, Kurczab R, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Kucwaj-Brysz K, Lubelska A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Siwek A, Nasim MJ, Partyka A, Sudoł S, Latacz G, Wesołowska A, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Handzlik J. Synthesis and computer-aided SAR studies for derivatives of phenoxyalkyl-1,3,5-triazine as the new potent ligands for serotonin receptors 5-HT 6. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:740-751. [PMID: 31229876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This research has provided the most active 5-HT6R agents among 1,3,5-triazine derivatives investigated to date and has also identified the world's first selenium-containing 5-HT6R ligands. The studies are focused on design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking-supported SAR analysis for novel 5-HT6R agents as derivatives of lead structure 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (7). The lead modifications included an introduction of: (i) various small substituents at benzene ring, (ii) a branched ether linker or (iii) the ether oxygen replacement with other chalcogen (S, Se) or sulfonyl moiety. Hence, a series of new compounds (7-24) was synthesized and examined on their affinities for 5-HT6R and selectivity, in respect to the 5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R and dopamine D2 receptor, in the radioligand binding assays. For representative most active compounds functional bioassays and toxicity profile in vitro and antidepressant-like activity in vivo were examined. The 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl derivative (10) was found as the most active triazine 5-HT6R antagonist (Ki = 11 nM). SAR analysis indicated, that an exchange of oxygen to selenium (7 vs. 22), and especially, to sulfur (7 vs. 19) was beneficial to increase both affinity and antagonistic action for 5-HT6R. Surprisingly, an introduction of SO2 caused a drastic decrease of the 5-HT6R affinity, which was explained at a molecular level based on docking studies. All in vivo tested compounds (10, 18 and 21) did not show any risk of toxicity in the safety studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ali
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Więcek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Annamaria Lubelska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sudoł
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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