1
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Wilkins JM, Mangalaparthi KK, Netzel BC, Sherman WA, Guo Y, Kalinowska-Lyszczarz A, Pandey A, Lucchinetti CF. Proteomics analysis of periplaque and chronic inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1448215. [PMID: 39234409 PMCID: PMC11371774 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1448215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by increased inflammation and immune responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and iron dyshomeostasis leading to demyelination and axonal damage. In MS, incomplete remyelination results in chronically demyelinated axons and degeneration coinciding with disability. This suggests a failure in the ability to remyelinate in MS, however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to identify proteins whose expression was altered in chronic inactive white matter lesions and periplaque white matter in MS tissue to reveal potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods Laser capture microdissection coupled to proteomics was used to interrogate spatially altered changes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue from three chronic MS individuals and three controls with no apparent neurological complications. Histopathological maps guided the capture of inactive lesions, periplaque white matter, and cortex from chronic MS individuals along with corresponding white matter and cortex from control tissue. Label free quantitation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to discover differentially expressed proteins between the various brain regions. Results In addition to confirming loss of several myelin-associated proteins known to be affected in MS, proteomics analysis of chronic inactive MS lesions revealed alterations in myelin assembly, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. The top altered proteins in MS inactive lesions compared to control white matter consisted of PPP1R14A, ERMN, SIRT2, CARNS1, and MBLAC2. Conclusion Our findings highlight proteome changes in chronic inactive MS white matter lesions and periplaque white matter, which may be crucial for proper myelinogenesis, bioenergetics, focal adhesions, and cellular function. This study highlights the importance and feasibility of spatial approaches such as laser capture microdissection-based proteomics analysis of pathologically distinct regions of MS brain tissue. Identification of spatially resolved changes in the proteome of MS brain tissue should aid in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kiran K Mangalaparthi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brian C Netzel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - William A Sherman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alicja Kalinowska-Lyszczarz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurochemistry and Neuropathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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2
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Ellen O, Ye S, Nheu D, Dass M, Pagnin M, Ozturk E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11112. [PMID: 37446290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
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3
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Kaisey M, Lashgari G, Fert-Bober J, Ontaneda D, Solomon AJ, Sicotte NL. An Update on Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:675-688. [PMID: 36269540 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many patients, the multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic process can be lengthy, costly, and fraught with error. Recent research aims to address the unmet need for an accurate and simple diagnostic process through discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent studies on MS diagnostic fluid biomarkers, with a focus on blood biomarkers, and includes discussion of technical limitations and practical applicability. RECENT FINDINGS This line of research is in its early days. Accurate and easily obtainable biomarkers for MS have not yet been identified and validated, but several approaches to uncover them are underway. Continue efforts to define laboratory diagnostic biomarkers are likely to play an increasingly important role in defining MS at the earliest stages, leading to better long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Kaisey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ghazal Lashgari
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. U10 Mellen Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew J Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont University Health Center, Arnold 2, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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4
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Ziaei A, Garcia-Miralles M, Radulescu CI, Sidik H, Silvin A, Bae HG, Bonnard C, Yusof NABM, Ferrari Bardile C, Tan LJ, Ng AYJ, Tohari S, Dehghani L, Henry L, Yeo XY, Lee S, Venkatesh B, Langley SR, Shaygannejad V, Reversade B, Jung S, Ginhoux F, Pouladi MA. Ermin deficiency leads to compromised myelin, inflammatory milieu, and susceptibility to demyelinating insult. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13064. [PMID: 35285112 PMCID: PMC9425013 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ermin is an actin-binding protein found almost exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) as a component of myelin sheaths. Although Ermin has been predicted to play a role in the formation and stability of myelin sheaths, this has not been directly examined in vivo. Here, we show that Ermin is essential for myelin sheath integrity and normal saltatory conduction. Loss of Ermin in mice caused de-compacted and fragmented myelin sheaths and led to slower conduction along with progressive neurological deficits. RNA sequencing of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter structure in the CNS, pointed to inflammatory activation in aged Ermin-deficient mice, which was corroborated by increased levels of microgliosis and astrogliosis. The inflammatory milieu and myelin abnormalities were further associated with increased susceptibility to immune-mediated demyelination insult in Ermin knockout mice. Supporting a possible role of Ermin deficiency in inflammatory white matter disorders, a rare inactivating mutation in the ERMN gene was identified in multiple sclerosis patients. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for Ermin in maintaining myelin integrity. Given its near-exclusive expression in myelinating oligodendrocytes, Ermin deficiency represents a compelling "inside-out" model of inflammatory dysmyelination and may offer a new paradigm for the development of myelin stability-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Amirah Binte Mohammad Yusof
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liang Juin Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin Yu Jin Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lily Henry
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sejin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Expression Analysis of Ermin and Listerin E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 Genes in the Periphery of Patients with Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:246-254. [PMID: 34676516 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unknown etiology. Recent researches indicate that correct myelination and translational regulation play a role in the pathogeny of SCZ. This study evaluated the expression pattern of Ermin (ERMN) and Listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (LTN1) genes, which play a role in myelination and ribosome quality control, respectively. The expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the peripheral blood (PB) of 50 SCZ patients (male/female: 22/28, age (mean ± standard deviation (SD)): 35.9 ± 5.6) and 50 matched healthy controls (male/female: 23/27, age (mean ± SD): 34.7 ± 5.4) were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, we used a bioinformatics approach based on microarray dataset analysis to examine the expression of these two genes in olfactory epithelium (OE) specimens. The expression of ERMN demonstrated no significant differences in PB samples among SCZ patients and healthy controls (adjusted P-value = 0.101). The expression of LTN1 was significantly higher in PB samples obtained from female patients compared with sex-matched controls (posterior beta = 1.734, adjusted P-value < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between expression of the mentioned genes in PB samples both among SCZ patients and among healthy controls (r = 0.485, P < 0.001 and r = 0.516, P < 0.001, respectively). According to our in silico findings, the ERMN expression levels in OE samples of SCZ were statistically higher than those in controls (log2FC = 1.93, adj.P.Val = 9.66E-15). On the contrary, LTN1 expression levels in OE samples were statistically lower in SCZ cases versus controls (log2FC = - 0.77, adj.P.Val = 2.14E-06). Besides, a significant correlation was found between the expression of the mentioned genes in OE samples (r = - 0.60, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study is the first evidence to highlight the expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the periphery of SCZ patients. Our findings may provide light on the SCZ's pathogeny.
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6
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Yang Y, Chu L, Zeng Z, Xu S, Yang H, Zhang X, Jia J, Long N, Hu Y, Liu J. Four specific biomarkers associated with the progression of glioblastoma multiforme in older adults identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6643-6654. [PMID: 34516348 PMCID: PMC8806527 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1975980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy in adults. Owing to individual tolerance and tumor heterogeneity, the therapy methods for young adults do not apply to older adults. The present study aimed to identify specific biomarkers for GBM in older adults using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene expression profiles of older adults with GBM were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and set as a discovery cohort to construct WGCNA. Core genes of clinically significant modules were used to perform functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and Pearson correlation analyses. Gene expression profiles of young in TCGA and older GBM patients from our research group were set as verification cohorts for hub gene expression and diagnostic value. Four significant gene modules associated clinically with older adults with GBM were identified, whereas 251 genes were core genes with module membership>0.8 and gene significance>0.2. Ermin (ERMN), myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP), proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), and oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (OPALIN) genes had significant relationships with the Karnofsky score (KPS) in older GBM patients. ERMN, MOBP, PLP1, and OPALIN had no relationship with KPS in young GBM patients. These genes were upregulated in GBM tissues from older patients with low but not high KPS and had high diagnostic value. In conclusion, ERMN, MOBP, PLP1, and OPALIN may serve as specific biomarkers for the progression of GBM in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Jia
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Niya Long
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaxin Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Cerebral Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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7
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Ahmad I, Wergeland S, Oveland E, Bø L. A higher proportion of ermin-immunopositive oligodendrocytes in areas of remyelination. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256155. [PMID: 34437581 PMCID: PMC8389439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete remyelination is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS)-lesions, but there is no established marker for recent remyelination. We investigated the role of the oligodendrocyte/myelin protein ermin in de- and remyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model, and in MS. The density of ermin+ oligodendrocytes in the brain was significantly decreased after one week of CPZ exposure (p < 0.02). The relative proportion of ermin+ cells compared to cells positive for the late-stage oligodendrocyte marker Nogo-A increased at the onset of remyelination in the corpus callosum (p < 0.02). The density of ermin-positive cells increased in the corpus callosum during the CPZ-phase of extensive remyelination (p < 0.0001). In MS, the density of ermin+ cells was higher in remyelinated lesion areas compared to non-remyelinated areas both in white- (p < 0.0001) and grey matter (p < 0.0001) and compared to normal-appearing white matter (p < 0.001). Ermin immunopositive cells in MS-lesions were not immunopositive for the early-stage oligodendrocyte markers O4 and O1, but a subpopulation was immunopositive for Nogo-A. The data suggest a relatively higher proportion of ermin immunopositivity in oligodendrocytes compared to Nogo-A indicates recent or ongoing remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intakhar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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8
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Shiva S, Gharesouran J, Sabaie H, Asadi MR, Arsang-Jang S, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Expression Analysis of Ermin and Listerin E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 Genes in Autistic Patients. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:701977. [PMID: 34349621 PMCID: PMC8326841 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.701977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that involves social interaction defects, impairment of non-verbal and verbal interactions, and limited interests along with stereotypic activities. Its incidence has been increasing rapidly in recent decades. Despite numerous attempts to understand the pathophysiology of ASD, its exact etiology is still unclear. Recent data shows the role of accurate myelination and translational regulation in ASD's pathogenesis. In this study, we assessed Ermin (ERMN) and Listerin E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 (LTN1) genes expression in Iranian ASD patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects' peripheral blood using quantitative real-time PCR to recognize any probable dysregulation in the expression of these genes and propose this disorder's mechanisms. Analysis of the expression demonstrated a significant ERMN downregulation in total ASD patients compared to the healthy individuals (posterior beta = -0.794, adjusted P-value = 0.025). LTN1 expression was suggestively higher in ASD patients in comparison with the corresponding control individuals. Considering the gender of study participants, the analysis showed that the mentioned genes' different expression levels were significant only in male subjects. Besides, a significant correlation was found between expression of the mentioned genes (r = -0.49, P < 0.0001). The present study provides further supports for the contribution of ERMN and LTN1 in ASD's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Shiva
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Arsang-Jang
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Sun X, Wang L, Li H, Jin C, Yu Y, Hou L, Liu X, Yu Y, Yan R, Xue F. Identification of microenvironment related potential biomarkers of biochemical recurrence at 3 years after prostatectomy in prostate adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16024-16042. [PMID: 34133324 PMCID: PMC8266350 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading adult malignancies. Identification of multiple causative biomarkers is necessary and helpful for determining the occurrence and prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. We aimed to identify the potential prognostic genes in the prostate adenocarcinoma microenvironment and to estimate the causal effects simultaneously. We obtained the gene expression data of prostate adenocarcinoma from TCGA project and identified the differentially expressed genes based on immune-stromal components. Among these genes, 68 were associated with biochemical recurrence at 3 years after prostatectomy in prostate adenocarcinoma. After adjusting for the minimal sets of confounding covariates, 14 genes (TNFRSF4, ZAP70, ERMN, CXCL5, SPINK6, SLC6A18, CHRM2, TG, CLLU1OS, POSTN, CTSG, NETO1, CEACAM7, and IGLV3-22) related to the microenvironment were identified as prognostic biomarkers using the targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Both the average and individual causal effects were obtained to measure the magnitude of the effect. CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analyses showed that these prognostic genes were mainly associated with immune responses. POSTN and NETO1 were correlated with androgen receptor expression, a main driver of prostate adenocarcinoma progression. Finally, five genes were validated in another prostate adenocarcinoma cohort (GEO: GSE70770). These findings might lead to the improved prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuandi Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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Abstract
The central nervous system is simply divided into two distinct anatomical regions based on the color of tissues, i.e. the gray and white matter. The gray matter is composed of neuronal cell bodies, glial cells, dendrites, immune cells, and the vascular system, while the white matter is composed of concentrated myelinated axonal fibers extending from neuronal soma and glial cells, such as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. As neuronal cell bodies are located in the gray matter, great attention has been focused mainly on the gray matter regarding the understanding of the functions of the brain throughout the neurophysiological areas, leading to a scenario in which the function of the white matter is relatively underestimated or has not received much attention. However, increasing evidence shows that the white matter plays highly significant and pivotal functions in the brain based on the fact that its abnormalities are associated with numerous neurological diseases. In this review, we will broadly discuss the pathways and functions of myelination, which is one of the main processes that modulate the functions of the white matter, as well as the manner in which its abnormalities are related to neurological disorders.
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Balseanu AT, Grigore M, Pinosanu LR, Slevin M, Hermann DM, Glavan D, Popa-Wagner A. Electric Stimulation of Neurogenesis Improves Behavioral Recovery After Focal Ischemia in Aged Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:732. [PMID: 32742258 PMCID: PMC7365235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The major aim of stroke therapies is to stimulate brain repair and to improve behavioral recuperation after cerebral ischemia. Despite remarkable advances in cell therapy for stroke, stem cell-based tissue replacement has not been achieved yet stimulating the search for alternative strategies for brain self-repair using the neurogenic zones of the brain, the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, during aging, the potential of the hippocampus and the SVZ to generate new neuronal precursors, declines. We hypothesized that electrically stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis in aged rats could increase the odds of brain self-repair and improve behavioral recuperation after focal ischemia. Following stroke in aged animals, the rats were subjected to two sessions of electrical non-convulsive stimulation using ear-clip electrodes, at 7- and 24 days after MCAO. Animal were sacrificed after 48 days. We report that electrical stimulation (ES) stimulation of post-stroke aged rats led to an improved functional recovery of spatial long-term memory (T-maze) but not on the rotating pole or the inclined plane, both tests requiring complex sensorimotor skills. Surprisingly, ES had a detrimental effect on the asymmetric sensorimotor deficit. Histologically, there was a robust increase in the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and SVZ of the infarcted hemisphere and the presence of a considerable number of neurons expressing tubulin beta III in the infarcted area. Among the gene that were unique to ES, we noted increases in the expression of seizure related 6 homolog like which is one of the physiological substrate of the β-secretase BACE1 involved in the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer’s disease and Igfbp3 and BDNF receptor mRNAs which has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after cerebral ischemia. However, ES was associated with a long-term down regulation of cortical gene expression after stroke in aged rats suggesting that gene expression in the peri-infarcted cortical area may not be related to electrical stimulation induced-neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tudor Balseanu
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Monica Grigore
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Leonard-Radu Pinosanu
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mark Slevin
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology the Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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