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Lopes PKF, Costa SDO, Simino LADP, Chaves WF, Silva FA, Costa CL, Milanski M, Ignacio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic inflammation and the development of an obese phenotype induced by high-fat diet consumption is exacerbated in alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor knockout mice. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113808. [PMID: 38163714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic changes resulting from the consumption of high-fat diets have been linked to low grade inflammation and obesity. Inflammation impairs the hypothalamic expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). The α7nAChR is described as the main component of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in different inflammation models. To assess whether the reduction in α7nAChR expression exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), were used male and female global α7nAChR knockout mouse line in normal or high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, hypothalamic inflammation, food intake, and energy expenditure were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in neuronal cell culture. Consumption of an HFD for 4 weeks resulted in body weight gain and adiposity in male Chrna7-/- mice and the hypothalamus of male Chrna7-/- mice showed neuroinflammatory markers, with increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation in the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Moreover, male Chrna7-/- mice consuming an HFD showed alterations in glucose homeostasis and serum of Chrna7-/- mice that consumed an HFD impaired insulin signalling in neuronal cell culture experiments. In general, female Chrna7-/- mice that consumed an HFD did not show the phenotypic and molecular changes found in male mice, indicating that there is sexual dimorphism in the analysed parameters. Thus, receptor deletion resulted in increased susceptibility to hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic damage associated with HFD consumption in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suleyma de Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Laís A de Paula Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Franciely Alves Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Caroline Lobo Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
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Umbayev B, Saliev T, Safarova (Yantsen) Y, Yermekova A, Olzhayev F, Bulanin D, Tsoy A, Askarova S. The Role of Cdc42 in the Insulin and Leptin Pathways Contributing to the Development of Age-Related Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4964. [PMID: 38068822 PMCID: PMC10707920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and certain cancers. The insulin-leptin axis is crucial in understanding metabolic disturbances associated with age-related obesity. Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that participates in many cellular processes including, but not limited to, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, cell polarity, morphology, proliferation, motility, and migration. Cdc42 functions as an integral part of regulating insulin secretion and aging. Some novel roles for Cdc42 have also been recently identified in maintaining glucose metabolism, where Cdc42 is involved in controlling blood glucose levels in metabolically active tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc., which puts this protein in line with other critical regulators of glucose metabolism. Importantly, Cdc42 plays a vital role in cellular processes associated with the insulin and leptin signaling pathways, which are integral elements involved in obesity development if misregulated. Additionally, a change in Cdc42 activity may affect senescence, thus contributing to disorders associated with aging. This review explores the complex relationships among age-associated obesity, the insulin-leptin axis, and the Cdc42 signaling pathway. This article sheds light on the vast molecular web that supports metabolic dysregulation in aging people. In addition, it also discusses the potential therapeutic implications of the Cdc42 pathway to mitigate obesity since some new data suggest that inhibition of Cdc42 using antidiabetic drugs or antioxidants may promote weight loss in overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Aislu Yermekova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Denis Bulanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
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Guo M, Cao X, Ji D, Xiong H, Zhang T, Wu Y, Suo L, Pan M, Brugger D, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ma B. Gut Microbiota and Acylcarnitine Metabolites Connect the Beneficial Association between Estrogen and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Ovariectomized Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0014923. [PMID: 37140372 PMCID: PMC10269676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00149-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased estrogen level is one of the main causes of lipid metabolism disorders and coronary heart disease in women after menopause. Exogenous estradiol benzoate is effective to some extent in alleviating lipid metabolism disorders caused by estrogen deficiency. However, the role of gut microbes in the regulation process is not yet appreciated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol benzoate supplementation on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, and metabolites in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and to reveal the importance of gut microbes and metabolites in the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders. This study found that high doses of estradiol benzoate supplementation effectively attenuated fat accumulation in OVX mice. There was a significant increase in the expression of genes enriched in hepatic cholesterol metabolism and a concomitant decrease in the expression of genes enriched in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways. Further screening of the gut for characteristic metabolites associated with improved lipid metabolism revealed that estradiol benzoate supplementation influenced major subsets of acylcarnitine metabolites. Ovariectomy significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly negatively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Lactobacillus and Eubacterium ruminantium group bacteria, while estradiol benzoate supplementation significantly increased the abundance of characteristic microbes that are significantly positively associated with acylcarnitine synthesis, such as Ileibacterium and Bifidobacterium spp. The use of pseudosterile mice with gut microbial deficiency greatly facilitated the synthesis of acylcarnitine due to estradiol benzoate supplementation and also alleviated lipid metabolism disorders to a greater extent in OVX mice. IMPORTANCE Our findings establish a role for gut microbes in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced lipid metabolism disorders and reveal key target bacteria that may have the potential to regulate acylcarnitine synthesis. These findings suggest a possible route for the use of microbes or acylcarnitine to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De Ji
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Langda Suo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Menghao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daniel Brugger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M, Dabiri S, Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Raji-Amirhasani A, Bejeshk MA. Protective effects of calorie restriction and 17-β estradiol on cardiac hypertrophy in ovariectomized obese rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282089. [PMID: 37098007 PMCID: PMC10128952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and menopause lead to cardiovascular diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) can modulate estrogen deficiency and obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. The protective effects of CR and estradiol on cardiac hypertrophy in ovariectomized obese rats were explored in this study. The adult female Wistar rats were divided into sham and ovariectomized (OVX) groups that received a high-fat diet (60% HFD) or standard diet (SD) or 30% CR for 16 weeks, and then, 1mg/kg E2 (17-β estradiol) was injected intraperitoneally every 4 days for four weeks in OVX-rats. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated before and after each diet. Heart tissues were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analysis. HFD consumption led to weight gain in sham and OVX rats. In contrast, CR and E2 led to body weight loss in these animals. Also, heart weight (HW), heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio, and left ventricular weight (LVW) were enhanced in OVX rats that received SD and HFD. E2 reduced these indexes in both diet conditions but reduction effects of CR were seen only in HFD groups. HFD and SD feeding increased hemodynamic parameters, ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) mRNA expression, and TGF-β1(transforming growth factor-beta 1) protein level in the OVX animals, while CR and E2 reduced these factors. Cardiomyocyte diameter and hydroxyproline content were increased in the OVX-HFD groups. Nevertheless, CR and E2 decreased these indicators. The results showed that CR and E2 treatment reduced obesity-induced-cardiac hypertrophy in ovariectomized groups (20% and 24% respectively). CR appears to have almost as reducing effects as estrogen therapy on cardiac hypertrophy. The findings suggest that CR can be considered a therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jafarynezhad F, Shahbazian M, Farhadi Z, Yadeghari M, Rezvani ME, Safari F, Azizian H. The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist Prevents Cardiac Lipid Accumulation by Stimulating Cardiac Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α: A Preclinical Study in Ovariectomized-Diabetic Rat Model. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 20:e123560. [PMID: 36407026 PMCID: PMC9661540 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiometabolic changes, and menopause exacerbates these conditions, leading to a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), which mediates the rapid effects of estrogen, has beneficial cardiac effects in both T2DM and menopause, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether G1 as a selective GPER-agonist has beneficial effects on cardiac lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats with T2DM. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7 in each group): Sham-control (Sh-Ctl), T2DM, ovariectomized-T2DM (OVX-T2DM), OVX-T2DM-G1 (GPER-agonist), and OVX-T2DM-vehicle (OVX-T2DM-Veh). After stabilization of T2DM, G1 (200 μg/Kg) was administrated for 6 weeks. Then, the levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and lipid accumulation in the cardiac tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with the Sh-Ctl group, cardiac FFAs (P < 0.001), CD36 (P < 0.05), and lipid accumulation (P < 0.001) increased, and cardiac PPARα (P < 0.01) decreased in T2DM animals; ovariectomy intensified these changes. Also, cardiac FFAs, PPARα, and lipid accumulation (P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the OVX-T2DM-G1 group compared to the OVX-T2DM-Veh group. However, cardiac CD36 levels did not change. CONCLUSIONS G1 as a selective GPER-agonist affects lipid metabolism in T2DM animals. It also plays a vital role in improving cardiac metabolism during postmenopausal diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Jafarynezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahbazian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Farhadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Yadeghari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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