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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Zeng J, Li X, Xie H, Yang R, Qi H, Zeng N. Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118503. [PMID: 38942157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chen Pi in China, is the most commonly used medicine for regulating qi. As a traditional medicine, CRP has been extensively used in the clinical treatment of nausea, vomiting, cough and phlegm for thousands of years. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Sichuan, Fujian and Zhejiang in China. Due to its high frequency of use, many scholars have conducted a lot of research on it and the related chemical constituents it contains. In this review, the research progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of CRP are summarized. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review aims to sort out the methods of extraction and purification, pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the chemical constituents in CRP, in order to elaborate the future research directions and challenges for the study of CRP and related chemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Valid and comprehensive relevant information was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, PubMed and so on. RESULTS CRP contains a variety of compounds, of which terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main components, and they are also the primary bioactive components that play a pharmacological role. Flavonoids and terpenes are extracted and purified by aqueous and alcoholic extraction methods, assisted by ultrasonic and microwave extraction, in order to achieve higher yields with less resources. Pharmacological studies have shown that CRP possesses a variety of highly active chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, therapeutic for cardiovascular-related disorders, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS There is a diversity in the chemical compositions of CRP, which have multiple biological activities and promising applications. However, the pharmacological activities of CRP are mainly dependent on the action of its chemical components, but the relationship between the structure of chemical components and the biological effects has not been thoroughly investigated, and therefore, the structure-activity relationship is an issue that needs to be elucidated urgently. In addition, the pharmacokinetic studies of the relevant components can be further deepened and the correlation studies between pharmacological effects and syndromes of TCM can be expanded to ensure the effectiveness and rationality of CRP for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yanning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China
| | - Ruocong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P. R. China.
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Szulc A, Wiśniewska K, Żabińska M, Gaffke L, Szota M, Olendzka Z, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Effectiveness of Flavonoid-Rich Diet in Alleviating Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2024; 13:1931. [PMID: 38928874 PMCID: PMC11202533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the burden of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, on a global scale. This is linked to a widespread demographic trend in which developed societies are aging, leading to an increased proportion of elderly individuals and, concurrently, an increase in the number of those afflicted, posing one of the main public health challenges for the coming decades. The complex pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and resulting varied symptoms, which differ depending on the disease, environment, and lifestyle of the patients, make searching for therapies for this group of disorders a formidable challenge. Currently, most neurodegenerative diseases are considered incurable. An important aspect in the fight against and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases may be broadly understood lifestyle choices, and more specifically, what we will focus on in this review, a diet. One proposal that may help in the fight against the spread of neurodegenerative diseases is a diet rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds widely found in products considered healthy, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Many studies indicated not only the neuroprotective effects of these compounds but also their ability to reverse changes occurring during the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we present the main groups of flavonoids, discussing their characteristics and mechanisms of action. The most widely described mechanisms point to neuroprotective functions due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, accompanied with their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, as well as the ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates. The latter feature, together with promoting removal of the aggregates is especially important in neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss a therapeutic potential of selected flavonoids in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases, based on in vitro studies, and their impact when included in the diet of animals (laboratory research) and humans (population studies). Thus, this review summarizes flavonoids' actions and impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic use of these compounds in the future is potentially possible but depends on overcoming key challenges such as low bioavailability, determining the therapeutic dose, and defining what a flavonoid-rich diet is and determining its potential negative effects. This review also suggests further research directions to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (K.W.); (M.Ż.); (L.G.); (M.S.); (Z.O.); (K.P.)
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Perales-Salinas V, Purushotham SS, Buskila Y. Curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105790. [PMID: 38852825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, posing a tremendous burden on health systems worldwide. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms for various neurodegenerative diseases are still unclear, a common pathological hallmark is the abundance of neuroinflammatory processes, which affect both disease onset and progression. In this review, we explore the pathways and role of neuroinflammation in various neurodegenerative diseases and further assess the potential use of curcumin, a natural spice with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that has been extensively used worldwide as a traditional medicine and potential therapeutic agent. Following the examination of preclinical and clinical studies that assessed curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent, we highlight the bioavailability of curcumin in the body and discuss both the challenges and benefits of using curcumin as a therapeutic compound for treating neurodegeneration. Although elucidating the involvement of curcumin in aging and neurodegeneration has great potential for developing future CNS-related therapeutic targets, further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which Curcumin affects brain physiology, especially BBB integrity, under both physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia; The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Qin Y, Yang J, Li H, Li J. Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of nobiletin against respiratory diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155506. [PMID: 38522319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nobiletin is a natural polymethoxylated flavonoid widely present in citrus fruit peels. It has been demonstrated to exert the effects of anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and improve cardiovascular function. Increasing evidences suggest that nobiletin plays an important role in respiratory diseases (RDs) treatment. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of nobiletin against RDs, such as lung cancer, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, coronavirus disease 2019, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS We retrieved extensive literature of relevant literatures in English until June 26, 2023 from the database of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The keywords of "nobiletin and lung", "nobiletin and respiratory disease", "nobiletin and chronic respiratory diseases", "nobiletin and metabolites", "nobiletin and pharmacokinetics", "nobiletin and toxicity" were searched in pairs. A total of 298 literatures were retrieved from the above database. After excluding the duplicates and reviews, 53 were included in the current review. RESULTS We found that the therapeutic mechanisms are based on different signaling pathways. Firstly, nobiletin inhibited the proliferation and suppressed the invasion and migration of cancer cells by regulating the related pathway or key target, like Bcl-2, PD-L1, PARP, and Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin in lung cancer treatment. Secondly, nobiletin treats COPD and ALI by targeting classical signaling pathway mediating inflammation. Besides, the available findings show that nobiletin exerts the effect of PF treatment via regulating mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS With the wide range of pharmacological activities, high efficiency and low toxicity, nobiletin can be used as a potential agent for preventing and treating RDs. These findings will contribute to further research on the molecular mechanisms of nobiletin and facilitate in-depth studies on nobiletin at both preclinical and clinical levels for the treatment of RDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Qin
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingfan Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China; Department of Respiratory Disease, The first Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China.
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Guan Y, Tang G, Li L, Shu J, Zhao Y, Huang L, Tang J. Herbal medicine and gut microbiota: exploring untapped therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease management. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:146-164. [PMID: 38225532 PMCID: PMC10830735 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota that exists in the human gastrointestinal tract is incredibly important for the maintenance of general health as it contributes to multiple aspects of host physiology. Recent research has revealed a dynamic connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, that can influence neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases, particularly NDs. Herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat human diseases, including NDs. These compounds help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of NDs by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing neuroinflammation, and modulating neurotransmitter production. Notably, herbal medicine can mitigate the progression of NDs by regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanisms by which herbal medicine regulates the gut microbiota in the treatment of NDs can help explain the pathogenesis of NDs from a novel perspective and propose novel therapeutic strategies for NDs. In this review, we investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of herbal medicine, focusing on its ability to regulate the gut microbiota and restore homeostasis. We also highlight the challenges and future research priorities of the integration of herbal medicine and modern medicine. As the global population ages, access to this information is becoming increasingly important for developing effective treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Guan
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Guohua Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianzhong Shu
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Brain Disease, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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Seol SI, Davaanyam D, Oh SA, Lee EH, Han PL, Kim SW, Lee JK. Age-Dependent and Aβ-Induced Dynamic Changes in the Subcellular Localization of HMGB1 in Neurons and Microglia in the Brains of an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:189. [PMID: 38247880 PMCID: PMC10814163 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a prototypical danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that co-localizes with amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. HMGB1 levels are significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients. However, the cellular and subcellular distribution of HMGB1 in relation to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has not yet been studied in detail. Here, we investigated whether HMGB1 protein levels in brain tissue homogenates (frontal cortex and striatum) and sera from Tg-APP/PS1 mice, along with its cellular and subcellular localization in those regions, differed. Total HMGB1 levels were increased in the frontal cortices of aged wildtype (7.5 M) mice compared to young (3.5 M) mice, whereas total HMGB1 levels in the frontal cortices of Tg-APP/PS1 mice (7.5 M) were significantly lower than those in age-matched wildtype mice. In contrast, total serum HMGB1 levels were enhanced in aged wildtype (7.5 M) mice and Tg-APP/PS1 mice (7.5 M). Further analysis indicated that nuclear HMGB1 levels in the frontal cortices of Tg-APP/PS1 mice were significantly reduced compared to those in age-matched wildtype controls, and cytosolic HMGB1 levels were also significantly decreased. Triple-fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis indicated that HMGB1 appeared as a ring shape in the cytoplasm of most neurons and microglia in the frontal cortices of 9.5 M Tg-APP/PS1 mice, indicating that nuclear HMGB1 is reduced by aging and in Tg-APP/PS1 mice. Consistent with these observations, Aβ treatment of both primary cortical neuron and primary microglial cultures increased HMGB1 secretion in the media, in an Aβ-dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that nuclear HMGB1 might be translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in both neurons and microglia in the brains of Tg-APP/PS1 mice, and that it may subsequently be secreted extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Seol
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Dashdulam Davaanyam
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Sang-A Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
| | - Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.L.); (P.-L.H.)
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (E.-H.L.); (P.-L.H.)
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Inchon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.-I.S.); (D.D.); (S.-A.O.)
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Baek H, Sanjay, Park M, Lee HJ. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protects the brain and improves cognitive function in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:268. [PMID: 37978414 PMCID: PMC10655395 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural anthocyanin with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. However, as the effects of C3G on the amyloidogenic pathway, autophagy, tau phosphorylation, neuronal cell death, and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease models have not been reported, we attempted to investigate the same in the brains of APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were analyzed. After oral administration of C3G (30 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks, the cortical and hippocampal regions in the brains of APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were analyzed. C3G treatment reduced the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) peptides and reduced the protein expression of the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and β-secretase in the cortical and hippocampal regions. And C3G treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related markers, LC3B-II, LAMP-1, TFEB, and PPAR-α and downregulated that of SQSTM1/p62, improving the autophagy of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, C3G increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-AMPK/AMPK and Sirtuin 1 and decreased that of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as phosphorylated-Akt/Akt and phosphorylated-ERK/ERK, thus demonstrating its neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, C3G regulated the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling by upregulating phosphorylated-Akt/Akt and phosphorylated-GSK3β/GSK3β expression. C3G administration mitigated tau phosphorylation and improved synaptic function and plasticity by upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein-95. Although the potential of C3G in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse models has not yet been reported, oral administration of the C3G is shown to protect the brain and improve cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Baek
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Pang Y, Xiong J, Wu Y, Ding W. A review on recent advances on nobiletin in central and peripheral nervous system diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:485. [PMID: 37932838 PMCID: PMC10626649 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of nobiletin in neuronal disorders has received extensive attention. However, the study of nobiletin in the peripheral nervous system is limited. Nobiletin, as a compound with high fat solubility, high bioavailability and low toxicity, has been extensively studied. Accumulating scientific evidence has shown that nobiletin has a variety of biological functions in the nervous system, such as inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing the neurotoxic response, improving the antioxidant capacity, promoting the survival of nerve cells, promoting axon growth, reducing blood‒brain barrier permeability, reducing brain oedema, promoting cAMP response element binding protein expression, improving memory, and promoting mild depolarization of nerve cell mitochondria to improve antioxidative stress capacity. Accumulating studies have shown that nobiletin also protects enteric nervous system, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. To explore the new therapeutic potential of nobiletin in the nervous system, recent and relevant research progress is reviewed in this article. This will provide a new research idea for nobiletin in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Pang
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - You Wu
- Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Li S, Li Y, Sun W, Qin Z, Lu Y, Song Y, Ga M, Yuan F, Liu Q. Sanwei DouKou Decoction ameliorate Alzheimer disease by increasing endogenous neural stem cells proliferation through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116364. [PMID: 36921910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanwei DouKou decoction (SDKD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription derived from the Tibetan medical book "Si Bu Yi Dian" and is clinically used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the potential mechanism of SDKD treatment for AD remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential mechanism by which SDKD alleviates AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts of SDKD were identified with Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). 5 × FAD mice were treated with SDKD for 8 weeks. The efficacy of SDKD against AD was evaluated by in-vivo experiments. Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests were used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of Nestin in hippocampus. In in-vitro experiments, the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) technique was used to detect cell viability, the proliferation of neural stem cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining, the intracellular protein expression was detected by Western Blot. RESULTS The results of this study suggested that SDKD may ameliorate AD. SDKD significantly shortened the escape latency of mice in the Morris water maze experiment, increased the number of times the mice crossed the target quadrant, and prolonged freezing time in the contextual fear memory experiment. SDKD also improved neuronal pathology in the hippocampus, decreased neuronal loss, and increased Nestin protein levels. Furthermore, in in-vitro experiments, SDKD could significantly increase Neural stem cells (NSCs) viability, promoted NSCs proliferation, and also effectively activated the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, increased Wnt family member 3A (Wnt3a), β-catenin and CyclinD1 protein levels, activated the NSCs proliferation pathways in AD model mouse brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that sanwei doukou decoction can ameliorate AD by increasing endogenous neural stem cells proliferation through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Our observations justify the traditional use of SDKD for a treatment of AD in nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Song
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Man Ga
- Institue of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Farong Yuan
- Jinhe Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd, Xining, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy and Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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11
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Liao Y, Wang X, Huang L, Qian H, Liu W. Mechanism of pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and its therapeutic potential by traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122104. [PMID: 36713841 PMCID: PMC9880437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are disorders characterized by degenerative degeneration of neurons and loss of their function. NDs have a complicated pathophysiology, of which neuroinflammation and neuronal death are significant factors. The inflammatory process known as pyroptosis ("fiery death") is caused by a family of pore-forming proteins called Gasdermins (GSDMs), which appears downstream from the activation of the inflammasome. Clear evidence of enhanced pyroptosis-related proteins activity in common NDs has coincided with abnormal aggregation of pathological proteins (such as Aβ, tau, α-synuclein et al.), making pyroptosis an attractive direction for the recent study of NDs. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms driving pyroptosis, the mechanistic links between pyroptosis and NDs, and emerging therapeutic strategies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to inhibit pyroptosis for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Qian
- Department of Breast Cancer Oncology, Foshan No 1 Hospital, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Hu Qian, ; Wei Liu,
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Integrative Cancer Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hu Qian, ; Wei Liu,
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12
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Carrara A, Pola I, Floris E, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer's Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010180. [PMID: 36671042 PMCID: PMC9855271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Carrara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pola
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Floris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Sun K, Zhang H, Zhang T, Sun N, Hao J, Wang Z, Gao C. Spinal HDAC6 mediates nociceptive behaviors induced by chronic constriction injury via neuronal activation and neuroinflammation. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231218352. [PMID: 37982151 PMCID: PMC10734332 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231218352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities and currently lacks effective treatment. Prior research has shown that HDAC6 plays a crucial role in pain sensitization, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. HDAC6 inhibitors have been found to alleviate mechanical allodynia caused by inflammation and peripheral nerve damage. In this study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of HDAC6 in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Our findings indicate that HDAC6 expression in the spinal cord (SC) is upregulated in a time-dependent manner following chronic constriction injury (CCI). HDAC6 is primarily expressed in neurons and microglia in the spinal cord. CCI-induced HDAC6 production was abolished by intrathecal injection of a microglia inhibitor. ACY-1215, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor, significantly reduced CCI-induced mechanical allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia. ACY-1215 also inhibited neuron activation and suppressed CCI-induced pyroptosis and neuroinflammatory responses. In summary, our results suggest that HDAC6 contributes to the development and maintenance of NP through neuronal activation and neuroinflammation. HDAC6 may be a promising target for treating NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Pain Management, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingru Hao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Can Gao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Poddar NK, Agarwal D, Agrawal Y, Wijayasinghe YS, Mukherjee A, Khan S. Deciphering the enigmatic crosstalk between prostate cancer and Alzheimer's disease: A current update on molecular mechanisms and combination therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166524. [PMID: 35985445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prostate cancer (PCa) are considered the leading causes of death in elderly people worldwide. Although both these diseases have striking differences in their pathologies, a few underlying mechanisms are similar when cell survival is considered. In the current study, we employed an in-silico approach to decipher the possible role of bacterial proteins in the initiation and progression of AD and PCa. We further analyzed the molecular connections between these two life-threatening diseases. The androgen deprivation therapy used against PCa has been shown to promote castrate resistant PCa as well as AD. In addition, cell signaling pathways, such as Akt, IGF, and Wnt contribute to the progression of both AD and PCa. Besides, various proteins and genes are also common in disease progression. One such similarity is mTOR signaling. mTOR is the common downstream target for many signaling pathways and plays a vital role in both PCa and AD. Targeting mTOR can be a favorable line of treatment for both AD and PCa. However, drug resistance is one of the challenges in effective drug therapy. A few drugs that target mTOR have now become ineffective due to the development of resistance. In that regard, phytochemicals can be a rich source of novel drug candidates as they can act via multiple mechanisms. This review also presents mTOR targeting phytochemicals with promising anti-PCa, anti-AD activities, and approaches to overcome the issues associated with phytochemical-based therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Disha Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Yamini Agrawal
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | | | - Arunima Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, 247554 Saharanpur, UP, India.
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15
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Sušjan-Leite P, Ramuta TŽ, Boršić E, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I. Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940969. [PMID: 35979366 PMCID: PMC9377691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These deposits are both directly toxic to neurons, invoking loss of cell connectivity and cell death, and recognized by innate sensors that upon activation release neurotoxic cytokines, chemokines, and various reactive species. This neuroinflammation is propagated through signaling cascades where activated sensors/receptors, adaptors, and effectors associate into multiprotein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SMOCs, involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, such as myddosomes, inflammasomes, and necrosomes, their assembly, and evidence for their involvement in common neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent progress in the understanding of particular SMOC participation in common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease offers novel therapeutic strategies for currently absent disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sušjan-Leite
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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