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Hosseini F, Asadi F, Rabiei R, Kiani F, Harari RE. Applications of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of uncommon cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography imaging: A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00073-0. [PMID: 38942125 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a sight-threatening condition often associated with inflammatory and diabetic diseases. Early detection is crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in automating CME diagnosis through optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but its utility needs critical evaluation. This systematic review assesses the application of AI to diagnosis CME, specifically focusing on disorders like postoperative CME (Irvine Gass syndrome) and retinitis pigmentosa without obvious vasculopathy, using OCT imaging. A comprehensive search was conducted across 6 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and IEEE) from 2018 to November, 2023. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for in-depth analysis. We evaluate AI's role in CME diagnosis and its performance in "detection", "classification", and "segmentation" of OCT retinal images. We found that convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods consistently outperformed other machine learning techniques, achieving an average accuracy of over 96 % in detecting and identifying CME from OCT images. Despite certain limitations such as dataset size and ethical concerns, the synergy between AI and OCT, particularly through CNNs, holds promise for significantly advancing CME diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Hosseini
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Asadi
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Rabiei
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kiani
- Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rayan Ebnali Harari
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Patrascanu OS, Tutunaru D, Musat CL, Dragostin OM, Fulga A, Nechita L, Ciubara AB, Piraianu AI, Stamate E, Poalelungi DG, Dragostin I, Iancu DCE, Ciubara A, Fulga I. Future Horizons: The Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology. J Pers Med 2024; 14:656. [PMID: 38929877 PMCID: PMC11204977 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability globally, leading to significant increases in healthcare costs and economic strains. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a crucial technology in this context, promising to have a significant impact on the management of CVDs. A wide range of methods can be used to develop effective models for medical applications, encompassing everything from predicting and diagnosing diseases to determining the most suitable treatment for individual patients. This literature review synthesizes findings from multiple studies that apply AI technologies such as machine learning algorithms and neural networks to electrocardiograms, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A narrative review of 127 articles identified 31 papers that were directly relevant to the research, encompassing a broad spectrum of AI applications in cardiology. These applications included AI models for ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography, and cardiac MRI aimed at diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, and valvulopathies. The papers also explored new methods for cardiovascular risk assessment, automated measurements, and optimizing treatment strategies, demonstrating the benefits of AI technologies in cardiology. In conclusion, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiology promises substantial advancements in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Stefan Patrascanu
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independentei St, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (O.S.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Dana Tutunaru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Carmina Liana Musat
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Oana Maria Dragostin
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ana Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Luiza Nechita
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Alin Ionut Piraianu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Elena Stamate
- Department of Cardiology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 169 Splaiul Independentei St, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (O.S.P.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Diana Gina Poalelungi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ionut Dragostin
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 2 Buzaului St, 810325 Braila, Romania;
| | | | - Anamaria Ciubara
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 35 AL Cuza St, 800010 Galati, Romania; (D.T.); (C.L.M.); (O.M.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.I.P.); (D.G.P.); (A.C.); (I.F.)
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Lopez-Jimenez F, Kapa S, Friedman PA, LeBrasseur NK, Klavetter E, Mangold KE, Attia ZI. Assessing Biological Age: The Potential of ECG Evaluation Using Artificial Intelligence: JACC Family Series. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 10:775-789. [PMID: 38597855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Biological age may be a more valuable predictor of morbidity and mortality than a person's chronological age. Mathematical models have been used for decades to predict biological age, but recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to new capabilities in age estimation. Using deep learning methods to train AI models on hundreds of thousands of electrocardiograms (ECGs) to predict age results in a good, but imperfect, age prediction. The error predicting age using ECG, or the difference between AI-ECG-derived age and chronological age (delta age), may be a surrogate measurement of biological age, as the delta age relates to survival, even after adjusting for chronological age and other covariates associated with total and cardiovascular mortality. The relative affordability, noninvasiveness, and ubiquity of ECGs, combined with ease of access and potential to be integrated with smartphone or wearable technology, presents a potential paradigm shift in assessment of biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric Klavetter
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn E Mangold
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachi I Attia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Artsi Y, Sorin V, Konen E, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni G, Klang E. Large language models for generating medical examinations: systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:354. [PMID: 38553693 PMCID: PMC10981304 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Writing multiple choice questions (MCQs) for the purpose of medical exams is challenging. It requires extensive medical knowledge, time and effort from medical educators. This systematic review focuses on the application of large language models (LLMs) in generating medical MCQs. METHODS The authors searched for studies published up to November 2023. Search terms focused on LLMs generated MCQs for medical examinations. Non-English, out of year range and studies not focusing on AI generated multiple-choice questions were excluded. MEDLINE was used as a search database. Risk of bias was evaluated using a tailored QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS Overall, eight studies published between April 2023 and October 2023 were included. Six studies used Chat-GPT 3.5, while two employed GPT 4. Five studies showed that LLMs can produce competent questions valid for medical exams. Three studies used LLMs to write medical questions but did not evaluate the validity of the questions. One study conducted a comparative analysis of different models. One other study compared LLM-generated questions with those written by humans. All studies presented faulty questions that were deemed inappropriate for medical exams. Some questions required additional modifications in order to qualify. CONCLUSIONS LLMs can be used to write MCQs for medical examinations. However, their limitations cannot be ignored. Further study in this field is essential and more conclusive evidence is needed. Until then, LLMs may serve as a supplementary tool for writing medical examinations. 2 studies were at high risk of bias. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Artsi
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ha'Hadas St. 1, Rishon Le Zion, Zefat, 7550598, Israel.
| | - Vera Sorin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
- DeepVision Lab, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Konen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eyal Klang
- Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Freitas V. Launching a New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. Radiology 2024; 310:e240474. [PMID: 38501948 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.240474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Freitas
- From the Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
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Appel JM. Artificial intelligence in medicine and the negative outcome penalty paradox. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2024:jme-2023-109848. [PMID: 38290853 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds considerable promise for transforming clinical diagnostics. While much has been written both about public attitudes toward the use of AI tools in medicine and about uncertainty regarding legal liability that may be delaying its adoption, the interface of these two issues has so far drawn less attention. However, understanding this interface is essential to determining how jury behaviour is likely to influence adoption of AI by physicians. One distinctive concern identified in this paper is a 'negative outcome penalty paradox' (NOPP) in which physicians risk being penalised by juries in cases with negative outcomes, whether they overrule AI determinations or accept them. The paper notes three reasons why AI in medicine is uniquely susceptible to the NOPP and urges serious further consideration of this complex dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Appel
- Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Gordijn B, Ten Have H. What's wrong with medical black box AI? MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2023; 26:283-284. [PMID: 37518812 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Gordijn
- Institute of Ethics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Henk Ten Have
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA
- Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
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