An efficient domino strategy for synthesis of 3-substituted 4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives in water

One-pot multi-component synthesis of novel chromeno[4,3-b]pyrrol-3-yl derivatives as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A green and efficient one-pot multi-component protocol was developed for the synthesis of some novel dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrol-3-yl derivatives through the reaction of arylglyoxals, malono derivatives, and different 4-amino coumarins in ethanol at reflux condition. In this method, all products were obtained in good to excellent yield. Next, all synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds displayed potent inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values in the range of 48.65 ± 0.01–733.83 ± 0.10 μM compared to the standard inhibitor acarbose (IC₅₀ = 750.90 ± 0.14 μM). The kinetic study of compound 5e as the most potent derivative (IC₅₀ = 48.65 ± 0.01 μM) showed a competitive mechanism with a K_i value of 42.6 µM. Moreover, docking studies revealed that dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]pyrrol-3-yl effectively interacted with important residues in the active site of α-glucosidase.

Synthesis of 1,2,3,triazole modified analogues of hydrochlorothiazide via click chemistry approach and in-vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition studies

The current study was aimed to discover potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. A 25 membered library of new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of hydrochlorothiazide (1) (HCTZ, a diuretic drug also being used for the treatment of high blood pressure) was synthesized through click chemistry approach. The structures of all derivatives 2-26 were deduced by MS, IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds were found to be new. Compounds 1-26 were evaluated for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Among them, 18 compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ values between 24 and 379 µM. α-Glucosidase inhibitor drug acarbose (IC₅₀ = 875.75 ± 2.08 μM) was used as the standard. Kinetics studies of compounds 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 23, and 24 revealed that only compound 15 as a mixed-type of inhibitor, while others were non-competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme. All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic when checked against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line.