1
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Chamberland JA, Collin CA. Effects of forward mask duration variability on the temporal dynamics
of brief facial expression categorization. Iperception 2023; 14:20416695231162580. [PMID: 36968319 PMCID: PMC10031613 DOI: 10.1177/20416695231162580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Task (JACBART) has been
proposed as a standardized method for measuring people's ability to accurately
categorize briefly presented images of facial expressions. However, the factors
that impact performance in this task are not entirely understood. The current
study sought to explore the role of the forward mask's duration (i.e., fixed vs.
variable) in brief affect categorization across expressions of the six basic
emotions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and
three presentation times (i.e., 17, 67, and 500 ms). Current findings do not
demonstrate evidence that a variable duration forward mask negatively impacts
brief affect categorization. However, efficiency and necessity thresholds were
observed to vary across the expressions of emotion. Further exploration of the
temporal dynamics of facial affect categorization will therefore require a
consideration of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Chamberland
- Justin A. Chamberland, School of
Psychology/École de psychologie, University of Ottawa/Université d’Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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2
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Wu Q, Peng K, Xie Y, Lai Y, Liu X, Zhao Z. An ingroup disadvantage in recognizing micro-expressions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1050068. [PMID: 36507018 PMCID: PMC9732534 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-expression is a fleeting facial expression of emotion that usually occurs in high-stake situations and reveals the true emotion that a person tries to conceal. Due to its unique nature, recognizing micro-expression has great applications for fields like law enforcement, medical treatment, and national security. However, the psychological mechanism of micro-expression recognition is still poorly understood. In the present research, we sought to expand upon previous research to investigate whether the group membership of the expresser influences the recognition process of micro-expressions. By conducting two behavioral studies, we found that contrary to the widespread ingroup advantage found in macro-expression recognition, there was a robust ingroup disadvantage in micro-expression recognition instead. Specifically, in Study 1A and 1B, we found that participants were more accurate at recognizing the intense and subtle micro-expressions of their racial outgroups than those micro-expressions of their racial ingroups, and neither the training experience nor the duration of micro-expressions moderated this ingroup disadvantage. In Study 2A and 2B, we further found that mere social categorization alone was sufficient to elicit the ingroup disadvantage for the recognition of intense and subtle micro-expressions, and such an effect was also unaffected by the duration of micro-expressions. These results suggest that individuals spontaneously employ the social category information of others to recognize micro-expressions, and the ingroup disadvantage in micro-expression stems partly from motivated differential processing of ingroup micro-expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Qi Wu,
| | - Kunling Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Lai
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuanchen Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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3
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Ge Y, Su R, Liang Z, Luo J, Tian S, Shen X, Wu H, Liu C. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Right Temporal Parietal Junction Facilitates Spontaneous Micro-Expression Recognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:933831. [PMID: 35874155 PMCID: PMC9305610 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.933831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-expressions are fleeting and subtle emotional expressions. As they are spontaneous and uncontrollable by one's mind, micro-expressions are considered an indicator of genuine emotions. Their accurate recognition and interpretation promote interpersonal interaction and social communication. Therefore, enhancing the ability to recognize micro-expressions has captured much attention. In the current study, we investigated the effects of training on micro-expression recognition with a Chinese version of the Micro-Expression Training Tool (METT). Our goal was to confirm whether the recognition accuracy of spontaneous micro-expressions could be improved through training and brain stimulation. Since the right temporal parietal junction (rTPJ) has been shown to be involved in the explicit process of facial emotion recognition, we hypothesized that the rTPJ would play a role in facilitating the recognition of micro-expressions. The results showed that anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) of the rTPJ indeed improved the recognition of spontaneous micro-expressions, especially for those associated with fear. The improved accuracy of recognizing fear spontaneous micro-expressions was positively correlated with personal distress in the anodal group but not in the sham group. Our study supports that the combined use of tDCS and METT can be a viable way to train and enhance micro-expression recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Biomedicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zilu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Institute of Biomedicine, Beijing, China
| | - Suizi Tian
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunbing Shen
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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4
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Wu Q, Xie Y, Liu X, Liu Y. Oxytocin Impairs the Recognition of Micro-Expressions of Surprise and Disgust. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947418. [PMID: 35846599 PMCID: PMC9277341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As fleeting facial expressions which reveal the emotion that a person tries to conceal, micro-expressions have great application potentials for fields like security, national defense and medical treatment. However, the physiological basis for the recognition of these facial expressions is poorly understood. In the present research, we utilized a double-blind, placebo-controlled, mixed-model experimental design to investigate the effects of oxytocin on the recognition of micro-expressions in three behavioral studies. Specifically, in Studies 1 and 2, participants were asked to perform a laboratory-based standardized micro-expression recognition task after self-administration of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) or placebo (containing all ingredients except for the neuropeptide). In Study 3, we further examined the effects of oxytocin on the recognition of natural micro-expressions. The results showed that intranasal oxytocin decreased the recognition speed for standardized intense micro-expressions of surprise (Study 1) and decreased the recognition accuracy for standardized subtle micro-expressions of disgust (Study 2). The results of Study 3 further revealed that intranasal oxytocin administration significantly reduced the recognition accuracy for natural micro-expressions of surprise and disgust. The present research is the first to investigate the effects of oxytocin on micro-expression recognition. It suggests that the oxytocin mainly plays an inhibiting role in the recognition of micro-expressions and there are fundamental differences in the neurophysiological basis for the recognition of micro-expressions and macro-expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Wu,
| | - Yanni Xie
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuanchen Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- School of Finance and Management, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
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5
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The design of error-correcting output codes based deep forest for the micro-expression recognition. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Fan L, He J, Zheng Y, Nie Y, Chen T, Zhang H. Facial micro-expression recognition impairment and its relationship with social anxiety in internet gaming disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Sun MX, Liong ST, Liu KH, Wu QQ. The heterogeneous ensemble of deep forest and deep neural networks for micro-expressions recognition. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Guerdelli H, Ferrari C, Barhoumi W, Ghazouani H, Berretti S. Macro- and Micro-Expressions Facial Datasets: A Survey. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041524. [PMID: 35214430 PMCID: PMC8879817 DOI: 10.3390/s22041524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Automatic facial expression recognition is essential for many potential applications. Thus, having a clear overview on existing datasets that have been investigated within the framework of face expression recognition is of paramount importance in designing and evaluating effective solutions, notably for neural networks-based training. In this survey, we provide a review of more than eighty facial expression datasets, while taking into account both macro- and micro-expressions. The proposed study is mostly focused on spontaneous and in-the-wild datasets, given the common trend in the research is that of considering contexts where expressions are shown in a spontaneous way and in a real context. We have also provided instances of potential applications of the investigated datasets, while putting into evidence their pros and cons. The proposed survey can help researchers to have a better understanding of the characteristics of the existing datasets, thus facilitating the choice of the data that best suits the particular context of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Guerdelli
- Research Team on Intelligent Systems in Imaging and Artificial Vision (SIIVA), LR16ES06 Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Modélisation et Traitement de’Information et dea Connaissance (LIMTIC), Institut Supérieur d’Informatique d’El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (H.G.); (W.B.); (H.G.)
- Media Integration and Communication Center, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrari
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Walid Barhoumi
- Research Team on Intelligent Systems in Imaging and Artificial Vision (SIIVA), LR16ES06 Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Modélisation et Traitement de’Information et dea Connaissance (LIMTIC), Institut Supérieur d’Informatique d’El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (H.G.); (W.B.); (H.G.)
- Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Carthage, Université de Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Ghazouani
- Research Team on Intelligent Systems in Imaging and Artificial Vision (SIIVA), LR16ES06 Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Modélisation et Traitement de’Information et dea Connaissance (LIMTIC), Institut Supérieur d’Informatique d’El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (H.G.); (W.B.); (H.G.)
- Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Carthage, Université de Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
| | - Stefano Berretti
- Media Integration and Communication Center, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-216-96202969
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9
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Validation of a Performance Measure of Broad Interpersonal Accuracy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Döllinger L, Laukka P, Högman LB, Bänziger T, Makower I, Fischer H, Hau S. Training Emotion Recognition Accuracy: Results for Multimodal Expressions and Facial Micro Expressions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708867. [PMID: 34475841 PMCID: PMC8406528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonverbal emotion recognition accuracy (ERA) is a central feature of successful communication and interaction, and is of importance for many professions. We developed and evaluated two ERA training programs-one focusing on dynamic multimodal expressions (audio, video, audio-video) and one focusing on facial micro expressions. Sixty-seven subjects were randomized to one of two experimental groups (multimodal, micro expression) or an active control group (emotional working memory task). Participants trained once weekly with a brief computerized training program for three consecutive weeks. Pre-post outcome measures consisted of a multimodal ERA task, a micro expression recognition task, and a task about patients' emotional cues. Post measurement took place approximately a week after the last training session. Non-parametric mixed analyses of variance using the Aligned Rank Transform were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs. Results showed that multimodal training was significantly more effective in improving multimodal ERA compared to micro expression training or the control training; and the micro expression training was significantly more effective in improving micro expression ERA compared to the other two training conditions. Both pre-post effects can be interpreted as large. No group differences were found for the outcome measure about recognizing patients' emotion cues. There were no transfer effects of the training programs, meaning that participants only improved significantly for the specific facet of ERA that they had trained on. Further, low baseline ERA was associated with larger ERA improvements. Results are discussed with regard to methodological and conceptual aspects, and practical implications and future directions are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Döllinger
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petri Laukka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Björn Högman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanja Bänziger
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | | | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Hau
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Zhang J, Yin M, Shu D, Liu D. The Establishment of Pseudorandom Ecological Microexpression Recognition Test (PREMERT) and Its Relevant Resting-State Brain Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:281. [PMID: 32848665 PMCID: PMC7406786 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The EMERT (ecological microexpression recognition test) by Zhang et al. (2017) used between-subjects Latin square block design for backgrounds; therefore, participants could not get comparable scores. The current study used within-subject pseudorandom design for backgrounds to improve EMERT to PREMERT (pseudorandom EMERT) and used eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect relevant brain activity of PREMERT for the first time. The results showed (1) two new recapitulative indexes of PREMERT were adopted, such as microexpression M and microexpression SD. Using pseudorandom design, the participants could effectively identify almost all the microexpressions, and each microexpression type had significant background effect. The PREMERT had good split-half reliability, parallel-forms reliability, criterion validity, and ecological validity. Therefore, it could stably and efficiently detect the participants' microexpression recognition abilities. Because of its pseudorandom design, all participants did the same test; their scores could be compared with each other. (2) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF; 0.01-0.1 Hz) in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting states and ALFF difference could predict microexpression M, and the ALFF difference was less predictive. The relevant resting-state brain areas of microexpression M were some frontal lobes, insula, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, parietal lobe, caudate nucleus, precuneus, thalamus, putamen, temporal lobe, and cerebellum. (3) ALFFs in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting states and ALFF difference could predict microexpression SD, and the ALFF difference was more predictive. The relevant resting-state brain areas of microexpression SD were some frontal lobes, central anterior gyrus, supplementary motor area, insula, hippocampus, amygdala, cuneus, occipital lobe, fusiform gyrus, parietal lobe, caudate nucleus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, temporal lobe, and cerebellum. (4) There were many similar relevant resting-state brain areas, such as brain areas of expression recognition, microexpressions consciousness and attention, and the change from expression backgrounds to microexpression, and some different relevant resting-state brain areas, such as precuneus, insula, and pallidum, between microexpression M and SD. The ALFF difference was more sensitive to PREMERT fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhang
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Deming Shu
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dianzhi Liu
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Matsumoto D, Hwang HC. Commentary: Electrophysiological Evidence Reveals Differences between the Recognition of Microexpressions and Macroexpressions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1293. [PMID: 31263437 PMCID: PMC6584814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Matsumoto
- Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Humintell, El Cerrito, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: David Matsumoto
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13
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Zhu C, Yin M, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu D. Ecological micro-expression recognition characteristics of young adults with subthreshold depression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216334. [PMID: 31042784 PMCID: PMC6493753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro-expression (ME) processing characteristics of patients with depression has been studied but has not been investigated in people with subthreshold depression. Based on this, by adopting the ecological MEs recognition paradigm, this study aimed to explore ME recognition in people with subthreshold depression. A 4 (background expression: happy, neutral, sad and fearful) × 4 (ME: happy, neutral, sad, and fearful) study was designed; two groups of participants (experimental group with subthreshold depression vs. healthy control group, 32 participants in each group) were asked to complete the ecological ME recognition task, and the corresponding accuracy (ACC) and reaction time (RT) were analyzed. Results: (1) Under different background conditions, recognizing happy MEs had the highest ACC and shortest RT. (2) There was no significant difference in the ACC and RT between experimental and control groups. (3)In different contexts, individuals with subthreshold depression tended to misjudge neutral, sad, and fearful MEs as happy, while neutral MEs were misjudged as sad and fearful. (4) The performance of individuals with subthreshold depression in the ecological ME recognition task were influenced by the type of ME; they showed highest ACC and shortest RT when recognizing happy MEs (vs. the other MEs). Conclusions: (1) The performance of individuals’ ecological ME recognition were influenced by the background expression, and this embodied the need for ecological ME recognition. (2) Individuals with subthreshold depression showed normal ecological ME recognition ability. (3) In terms of misjudgment, individuals with subthreshold depression showed both positive and negative bias, when completing the ecological ME recognition task. (4) Compared with the other MEs, happy MEs showed an advantage recognition effect for individuals with subthreshold depression who completed the ecological ME recognition task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Department of Criminal Investigation, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyun Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianzhi Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yin M, Tian L, Hua W, Zhang J, Liu D. The Establishment of Weak Ecological Microexpressions Recognition Test (WEMERT): An Extension on EMERT. Front Psychol 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 30890973 PMCID: PMC6411658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The JACBART (Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test) microexpression recognition test only examines facial expressions under the neutral expression background and the ecological validity is not high. The EMERT (Ecological MicroExpressions Recognition Test) microexpression recognition test examined six microexpressions under seven backgrounds but does not detect the intensity of expressions. In the current study, a weak ecological microexpression recognition test was established to examine the recognition features of six weak microexpressions in all seven high intensity basic expressions. The results found: (1) the test had good retest reliability, criterion validity and ecological validity; and (2) the reliability and validity tests revealed a lot of characteristics of weak microexpression recognition. There were training effects in some weak microexpression recognition. Weak microexpression recognition was generally positively related to the microexpression recognition of JACBART but were generally negatively related to approximate common expressions. The backgrounds main effects in all weak microexpressions were significant and pairwise comparisons show there were a wide range of differences between weak microexpressions under different backgrounds. The standard deviations, of the accuracy of weak microexpressions in different backgrounds, were used to define the fluctuations of the weak microexpression recognition and we found that weak microexpression recognition had many fluctuations. (3) Personality openness and its subdimensions (O1, O2, O3, and O5) were generally positively related to some weak microexpression recognition, except O1, which was significantly negatively related to surprise under neutrality. O1 was positively related to the standard deviation of the weak anger microexpression recognition accuracies and O6 was negatively related to the standard deviation of the weak happiness microexpression recognition accuracies in the first measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yin
- Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Wei Hua
- School of Education, Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dianzhi Liu
- School of Education, Soochow University, Soochow, China
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15
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Zeng X, Wu Q, Zhang S, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Zhang M. A False Trail to Follow: Differential Effects of the Facial Feedback Signals From the Upper and Lower Face on the Recognition of Micro-Expressions. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2015. [PMID: 30405497 PMCID: PMC6208096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-expressions, as fleeting facial expressions, are very important for judging people’s true emotions, thus can provide an essential behavioral clue for lie and dangerous demeanor detection. From embodied accounts of cognition, we derived a novel hypothesis that facial feedback from upper and lower facial regions has differential effects on micro-expression recognition. This hypothesis was tested and supported across three studies. Specifically, the results of Study 1 showed that people became better judges of intense micro-expressions with a duration of 450 ms when the facial feedback from upper face was enhanced via a restricting gel. Additional results of Study 2 showed that the recognition accuracy of subtle micro-expressions was significantly impaired under all duration conditions (50, 150, 333, and 450 ms) when facial feedback from lower face was enhanced. In addition, the results of Study 3 also revealed that blocking the facial feedback of lower face, significantly boosted the recognition accuracy of subtle and intense micro-expressions under all duration conditions (150 and 450 ms). Together, these results highlight the role of facial feedback in judging the subtle movements of micro-expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zeng
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheying Liu
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meishan Zhang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Zhu C, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu Z, Tang Z, Xu Y, Zhang D, Liu D. Comparison of Ecological Micro-Expression Recognition in Patients with Depression and Healthy Individuals. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:199. [PMID: 29089879 PMCID: PMC5651037 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the characteristics of ordinary facial expressions in patients with depression, and have not investigated the processing characteristics of ecological micro-expressions (MEs, i.e., MEs that presented in different background expressions) in these patients. Based on this, adopting the ecological MEs recognition paradigm, this study aimed to comparatively evaluate facial ME recognition in depressed and healthy individuals. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) background expression: the accuracy (ACC) in the neutral background condition tended to be higher than that in the fear background condition, and the reaction time (RT) in the neutral background condition was significantly longer than that in other backgrounds. The type of ME and its interaction with the type of background expression could affect participants’ ecological MEs recognition ACC and speed. Depression type: there was no significant difference between the ecological MEs recognition ACC of patients with depression and healthy individuals, but the patients’ RT was significantly longer than that of healthy individuals; and (2) patients with depression judged happy MEs that were presented against different backgrounds as neutral and judged neutral MEs that were presented against sad backgrounds as sad. The present study suggested the following: (1) ecological MEs recognition was influenced by background expressions. The ACC of happy MEs was the highest, of neutral ME moderate and of sadness and fear the lowest. The response to the happy MEs was significantly shorter than that of identifying other MEs. It is necessary to conduct research on ecological MEs recognition; (2) the speed of patients with depression in identifying ecological MEs was slower than of healthy individuals; indicating that the patients’ cognitive function was impaired; and (3) the patients with depression showed negative bias in the ecological MEs recognition task, reflecting the lack of happy ME recognition ability and the generalized identification of sad MEs in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyun Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Didi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dianzhi Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Effectiveness of a short audiovisual emotion recognition training program in adults. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-017-9631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Svetieva E, Frank MG. Empathy, emotion dysregulation, and enhanced microexpression recognition ability. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-015-9528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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