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Effects of mechanical force on proliferation and apoptosis of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5205-5213. [PMID: 35441898 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the effects of mechanical force on the proliferation, apoptosis, and morphology of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp (SHEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Caries-free stranded deciduous teeth were extracted, and SHEDs were isolated through enzymatic digestion. The cultured SHEDs were subjected to different levels of mechanical stimuli (0, 100, 200, and 300 g) for 7 days (30 min/day) using external centrifugal force. Cell proliferation was evaluated with the CCK-8 assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The cell morphology was examined using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Cell proliferation assay showed no differences between the three stimulation groups and the control group in day 1 to day 3. From the 4th day, cell proliferation was significantly lower in the mechanical force groups than in the control group, but no significant difference was observed among the three mechanical force groups. Besides, there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis among the four groups for 7 days. On day 7 after stimulation, the SHEDs were shrunken, with significantly increased isochromosome in the nucleus and an increase in lysosomes. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force can inhibit the proliferation and affect morphology of SHEDs, but it has no effect on cell apoptosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical force stimulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation of SHEDs. Mechanical force stimulation had no significant effect on cell apoptosis of SHEDs. The morphology and ultrastructure of SHEDs changed after mechanical force stimulation.
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Kang SM, Kim D, Lee JH, Takayama S, Park JY. Engineered Microsystems for Spheroid and Organoid Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001284. [PMID: 33185040 PMCID: PMC7855453 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3D in vitro model systems such as spheroids and organoids provide an opportunity to extend the physiological understanding using recapitulated tissues that mimic physiological characteristics of in vivo microenvironments. Unlike 2D systems, 3D in vitro systems can bridge the gap between inadequate 2D cultures and the in vivo environments, providing novel insights on complex physiological mechanisms at various scales of organization, ranging from the cellular, tissue-, to organ-levels. To satisfy the ever-increasing need for highly complex and sophisticated systems, many 3D in vitro models with advanced microengineering techniques have been developed to answer diverse physiological questions. This review summarizes recent advances in engineered microsystems for the development of 3D in vitro model systems. The relationship between the underlying physics behind the microengineering techniques, and their ability to recapitulate distinct 3D cellular structures and functions of diverse types of tissues and organs are highlighted and discussed in detail. A number of 3D in vitro models and their engineering principles are also introduced. Finally, current limitations are summarized, and perspectives for future directions in guiding the development of 3D in vitro model systems using microengineering techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Joong Yull Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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Continuous hypergravity alters the cytoplasmic elasticity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts via actin filaments. J Biomech 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun C, Liu F, Cen S, Chen L, Wang Y, Sun H, Deng H, Hu R. Tensile strength suppresses the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament cells in inflammatory microenvironments. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:666-672. [PMID: 28560407 PMCID: PMC5482070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of orthodontic force in osteogenesis differentiation, matrix deposition and mineralization in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) cells in inflammatory microenvironments. The mesenchymal origin of PDLCs was confirmed by vimentin and cytokeratin staining. PDLCs were exposed to inflammatory cytokines (5 ng/ml IL‑1β and 10 ng/ml TNF‑α) and/or tensile strength (0.5 Hz, 12% elongation) for 12, 24 or 48 h. Cell proliferation and tensile strength‑induced cytokine expression were assessed by MTT assay and ELISA, respectively. Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and type I collagen (COL‑I) expression were analysed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured, and the mineralization profile was evaluated by alizarin red S staining. PDLCs exposed to tensile strength in inflammatory microenvironments exhibited reduced proliferation and mineralization potential. Treatment with the inflammatory cytokines IL‑1β and TNF‑α increased RUNX2 expression levels; however, decreased COL‑I expression levels, indicating that bone formation and matrix deposition involve different mechanisms in PDL tissues. Notably, RUNX2 and COL‑I expression levels were decreased in PDLCs exposed to a combination of an inflammatory environment and loading strength. The decreased osteogenic potential in an inflammatory microenvironment under tensile strength suggests that orthodontic force may amplify periodontal destruction in orthodontic patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Shendan Cen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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Zhang ZZ, Jiang D, Wang SJ, Qi YS, Zhang JY, Yu JK. Potential of centrifugal seeding method in improving cells distribution and proliferation on demineralized cancellous bone scaffolds for tissue-engineered meniscus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15294-15302. [PMID: 26102091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered meniscus offers a possible solution to the regeneration and replacement problem of meniscectomy. However, the nonuniform distribution and declined proliferation of seeded cells on scaffolds hinder the application of tissue-engineered meniscus as a new generation of meniscus graft. This study systematically investigated the performances of different seeding techniques by using the demineralized cancellous bone (DCB) as the scaffold. Static seeding, injection seeding, centrifugal seeding, and vacuum seeding methods were used to seed the meniscal fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to scaffolds. Cell-binding efficiency, survival rate, distribution ability, and long-term proliferation effects on scaffolds were quantitatively evaluated. Cell adhesion was compared via cell-binding kinetics. Cell viability and morphology were assessed by using fluorescence staining. Combined with the reconstructed three-dimensional image, the distribution of seeded cells was investigated. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and DNA assay were employed to assess cell proliferation. Cell-binding kinetics and cell survival of the MFCs were improved via centrifugal seeding compared to injection or vacuum seeding methods. Seeded MFCs by centrifugation showed a more homogeneous distribution throughout the scaffold than cells seeded by other methods. Moreover, the penetration depth in the scaffold of seeded MFCs by centrifugation was 300-500 μm, much higher than the value of 100-300 μm by the surface static and injection seeding. The long-term proliferation of the MFCs in the centrifugal group was also significantly higher than that in the other groups. The results of the MSCs were similar to those of the MFCs. The centrifugal seeding method could significantly improve MFCs or MSCs distribution and proliferation on the DCB scaffolds, thus providing a simple, cost-effective, and effective cell-seeding protocol for tissue-engineered meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Jie Wang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Song Qi
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- †Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mechanical stress stimulates the osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla via erk 1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:494378. [PMID: 24826377 PMCID: PMC4009119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are a potent candidate for the apexogenesis/apexification due to their multiple differentiation capacity. During the orthodontic treatment of developing teeth, SCAPs in vivo are usually subjected to the cyclic stress induced by compression forces. However, it remains unclear whether mechanical stress can affect the proliferation and differentiation of human SCAPs. RESULTS Human SCAPs were isolated and stimulated by 200 g mechanical stimuli for 30 min and their proliferation and differentiation capacity were evaluated in vitro at different time points. MTT and FCM results demonstrated that cell proliferation was enhanced, while TEM findings showed the morphological and ultrastructural changes in stress-treated SCAPs. ALP activity and mineralization capacity of stress-treated SCAPs were upregulated . In the meantime, higher odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation were found in stress-treated SCAPs by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, as indicated by the expression of related markers at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the protein expressions of pJNK and pERK MAPK pathways were upregulated. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that mechanical stress is an important factor affecting the proliferation and differentiation of SCAPs via the activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathway.
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Diercke K, König A, Kohl A, Lux C, Erber R. Human primary cementoblasts respond to combined IL-1β stimulation and compression with an impaired BSP and CEMP-1 expression. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:402-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Way L, Scutt N, Scutt A. Cytocentrifugation: a convenient and efficient method for seeding tendon-derived cells into monolayer cultures or 3-D tissue engineering scaffolds. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:567-79. [PMID: 21948096 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are very common, requiring some 200,000 reconstructions per year in the USA. Autografting can be used to repair these but donor tissue is limited and harvesting leads to morbidity at the graft sites. Tissue engineering has been used to grow simple tissues such as skin, cartilage and bone and due to their low vascularity and simple structure, tendons should be ideal candidates for such an approach. Scaffolds are essential for tissue engineering as they provide structure and signals that regulate growth. However, they present a physical barrier to cell seeding with the majority of the cells congregating at the scaffold surface. To address this we used centrifugation to enhance penetration of tendon-derived cells to the centres of 3-D scaffolds. The process had no apparent deleterious effects on the cells and both plating efficiency and cell distribution improved. After attachment the cells continued to proliferate and deposit a collagenous matrix. Scaffold penetration was investigated using layers of Azowipes allowing the separation and examination of individual leaves. At relatively low g-forces, cells penetrated a stack of 6 Azowipes leaving cells attached to each leaf. These data suggest that cytocentrifugation improves the penetration and homogeneity of tendon derived cells in 3-D and monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Way
- Bone Biology Group, Department of Human Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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Wongdee K, Tulalamba W, Thongbunchoo J, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Prolactin alters the mRNA expression of osteoblast-derived osteoclastogenic factors in osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 349:195-204. [PMID: 21116687 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is known to participate in the lactation-induced maternal bone loss, presumably by inducing the release of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), a potent osteoclastogenic factor from osteoblasts. Since maternal bone resorption was too massive to be solely explained by RANKL and osteoclasts did not express PRL receptors (PRLR), the involvement of some other osteoblast-derived osteoclastogenic modulators was anticipated. Herein, the authors used quantitative real-time PCR to investigate the mRNA expressions of various osteoclastogenic factors in osteoblast-like UMR106 cells directly exposed to PRL for 48 h. These cells were found to express PRLR and respond to 300 ng/ml PRL by increasing RANKL mRNA expression. This PRL concentration (comparable to plasma PRL levels in lactation) also induced the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2, and ephrin-B1, whereas a higher concentration (500 ng/ml) was required to upregulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1. However, 100-500 ng/ml PRL affected neither the cell proliferation, the cell viability nor the mRNA expressions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, ephrin type-B receptor 4 and ephrin-B2. In conclusion, besides RANKL overexpression, PRL upregulated the expressions of other osteoclastogenic modulators, i.e., MCP-1, Cox-2, TNF-α, IL-1, and ephrin-B1, thus, further explaining how PRL induced bone loss in lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Consortium for Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteal-derived cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1443-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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