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Burton-Smith RN, Song C, Ueno H, Murata T, Iino R, Murata K. Six states of Enterococcus hirae V-type ATPase reveals non-uniform rotor rotation during turnover. Commun Biol 2023; 6:755. [PMID: 37507515 PMCID: PMC10382590 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar-type ATPase from Enterococcus hirae (EhV-ATPase) is a thus-far unique adaptation of V-ATPases, as it performs Na+ transport and demonstrates an off-axis rotor assembly. Recent single molecule studies of the isolated V1 domain have indicated that there are subpauses within the three major states of the pseudo three-fold symmetric rotary enzyme. However, there was no structural evidence for these. Herein we activate the EhV-ATPase complex with ATP and identified multiple structures consisting of a total of six states of this complex by using cryo-electron microscopy. The orientations of the rotor complex during turnover, especially in the intermediates, are not as perfectly uniform as expected. The densities in the nucleotide binding pockets in the V1 domain indicate the different catalytic conditions for the six conformations. The off-axis rotor and its' interactions with the stator a-subunit during rotation suggests that this non-uniform rotor rotation is performed through the entire complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond N Burton-Smith
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute for Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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Cheng Z, Liu Y, Ma M, Sun S, Ma Z, Wang Y, Yu L, Qian X, Sun L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Y. Lansoprazole-induced osteoporosis via the IP3R- and SOCE-mediated calcium signaling pathways. Mol Med 2022; 28:21. [PMID: 35183103 PMCID: PMC8858482 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many clinical studies have shown a correlation between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and osteoporosis or fractures. The purpose of this study was to establish a murine model of chronic oral PPI administration to verify whether PPIs caused bone metabolic impairment and investigate the relevant molecular mechanism underlying the effects of PPIs on MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblasts. Methods A lansoprazole-induced bone loss model was used to investigate the damaging effects of PPIs. In vivo, immunohistochemistry, Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining, micro-CT analysis, and blood biochemical analyses were used to evaluate the effect of lansoprazole on bone injury in mice. In vitro, the effects of lansoprazole and related signaling pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated by CCK-8 assays, EdU assays, flow cytometry, laser confocal microscopy, patch clamping, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results After 6 months of lansoprazole gavage in ICR mice, the micro-CT results showed that compared with that in the vehicle group, the bone mineral density (BMD) in the high-dose group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the bone microarchitecture gradually degraded. Biochemical analysis of bone serum showed that blood calcium and phosphorus were both decreased (P < 0.01). We found that long-term administration of lansoprazole impaired skeletal function in mice. In vitro, we found that lansoprazole (LPZ) could cause calcium overload in MC3T3-E1 cells leading to apoptosis, and 2-APB, an inhibitor of IP3R calcium release channel and SOCE pathway, effectively blocked increase in calcium caused by LPZ, thus protecting cell viability. Conclusions Longterm administration of LPZ induced osteoporotic symptoms in mice, and LPZ triggered calcium increases in osteoblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) persisted at a high concentration, thereby causing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inducing osteoblast apoptosis.
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Wang Y, Chen W, Hao L, McVicar A, Wu J, Gao N, Liu Y, Li YP. C1 Silencing Attenuates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Endodontic Disease. J Endod 2019; 45:898-906. [PMID: 31104818 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic disease, 1 of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, occurs when the dental pulp becomes infected and inflamed, leading to bone destruction around the tooth root, severe pain, and tooth loss. Although many studies have tried to develop therapies to alleviate the bone erosion and inflammation associated with endodontic disease, there is an urgent need for an effective treatment. METHODS In this study, we used a gene-based therapy approach by administering recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Atp6v1c1 knockdown to target both periapical bone resorption and inflammation in the mouse model of endodontic disease. RESULTS The results showed that Atp6v1c1 knockdown is simultaneously capable of reducing bone resorption by 70% through impaired osteoclast activation, inhibiting inflammation by decreasing T-cell infiltration in the periapical lesion by 75%, and protecting the periodontal ligament from destruction caused by inflammation. Notably, AAV-mediated gene therapy of Atp6v1c1 knockdown significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1α, interleukin 17, interleukin 12, and interleukin 6 levels in periapical tissues caused by bacterial infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that Atp6v1c1 knockdown reduced osteoclast-specific functional genes (ie, Ctsk) in periapical tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that AAV-mediated Atp6v1c1 knockdown in periapical tissues slowed endodontic disease progression, prevented bone erosion, and alleviated inflammation in the periapical tissues and periodontal ligament potentially through regulation of toll-like receptor signaling, indicating that targeting Atp6v1c1 may facilitate the design of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammation and bone erosion in endodontic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abigail McVicar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jinjin Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Tsunoda J, Song C, Imai FL, Takagi J, Ueno H, Murata T, Iino R, Murata K. Off-axis rotor in Enterococcus hirae V-ATPase visualized by Zernike phase plate single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15632. [PMID: 30353110 PMCID: PMC6199243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EhV-ATPase is an ATP-driven Na+ pump in the eubacteria Enterococcus hirae (Eh). Here, we present the first entire structure of detergent-solubilized EhV-ATPase by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) using Zernike phase plate. The cryo-EM map dominantly showed one of three catalytic conformations in this rotary enzyme. To further stabilize the originally heterogeneous structure caused by the ATP hydrolysis states of the V1-ATPases, a peptide epitope tag system was adopted, in which the inserted peptide epitope sequence interfered with rotation of the central rotor by binding the Fab. As a result, the map unexpectedly showed another catalytic conformation of EhV-ATPase. Interestingly, these two conformations identified with and without Fab conversely coincided with those of the minor state 2 and the major state 1 of Thermus thermophilus V/A-ATPase, respectively. The most prominent feature in EhV-ATPase was the off-axis rotor, where the cytoplasmic V1 domain was connected to the transmembrane Vo domain through the off-axis central rotor. Furthermore, compared to the structure of ATP synthases, the larger size of the interface between the transmembrane a-subunit and c-ring of EhV-ATPase would be more advantageous for active ion pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tsunoda
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.,National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fabiana Lica Imai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan. .,National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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5
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Gargiuli C, Schena E, Mattioli E, Columbaro M, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Greggi T, Lattanzi G. Lamins and bone disorders: current understanding and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22817-22831. [PMID: 29854317 PMCID: PMC5978267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C is a major constituent of the nuclear lamina implicated in a number of genetic diseases, collectively known as laminopathies. The most severe forms of laminopathies feature, among other symptoms, congenital scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteolysis or delayed cranial ossification. Importantly, specific bone districts are typically affected in laminopathies. Spine is severely affected in LMNA-linked congenital muscular dystrophy. Mandible, terminal phalanges and clavicles undergo osteolytic processes in progeroid laminopathies and Restrictive Dermopathy, a lethal developmental laminopathy. This specificity suggests that lamin A/C regulates fine mechanisms of bone turnover, as supported by data showing that lamin A/C mutations activate non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis, as the one dependent on TGF beta 2. Here, we review current knowledge on laminopathies affecting bone and LMNA involvement in bone turnover and highlight lamin-dependent mechanisms causing bone disorders. This knowledge can be exploited to identify new therapeutic approaches not only for laminopathies, but also for other rare diseases featuring bone abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gargiuli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Greggi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Spine Deformity Department, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
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Bi H, Chen X, Gao S, Yu X, Xiao J, Zhang B, Liu X, Dai M. Key Triggers of Osteoclast-Related Diseases and Available Strategies for Targeted Therapies: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:234. [PMID: 29326938 PMCID: PMC5742334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many diseases such as osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, bone tumors, and Paget's disease. In contrast, osteopetrosis results from osteoclast deficiency. Available strategies for combating over-activated osteoclasts and the subsequently induced diseases can be categorized into three approaches: facilitating osteoclast apoptosis, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and impairing bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are representative molecules that function by triggering osteoclast apoptosis. New drugs, such as tumor necrosis factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (e.g., denosumab) have been developed for targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B /RANKL/osteoprotegerin system or CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, which play critical roles in osteoclast formation. Furthermore, vacuolar (H+)-ATPase inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 2 impair different stages of the bone resorption process. Recently, significant achievements have been made in this field. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of the current progress in research involving osteoclast-related diseases and of the development of targeted inhibitors of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Wierer M, Prestel M, Schiller HB, Yan G, Schaab C, Azghandi S, Werner J, Kessler T, Malik R, Murgia M, Aherrahrou Z, Schunkert H, Dichgans M, Mann M. Compartment-resolved Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Aorta during Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Reveals Osteoclast-specific Protein Expression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:321-334. [PMID: 29208753 PMCID: PMC5795394 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis leads to vascular lesions that involve major rearrangements of the vascular proteome, especially of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Using single aortas from ApoE knock out mice, we quantified formation of plaques by single-run, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. To probe localization on a proteome-wide scale we employed quantitative detergent solubility profiling. This compartment- and time-resolved resource of atherogenesis comprised 5117 proteins, 182 of which changed their expression status in response to vessel maturation and atherosclerotic plaque development. In the insoluble ECM proteome, 65 proteins significantly changed, including relevant collagens, matrix metalloproteinases and macrophage derived proteins. Among novel factors in atherosclerosis, we identified matrilin-2, the collagen IV crosslinking enzyme peroxidasin as well as the poorly characterized MAM-domain containing 2 (Mamdc2) protein as being up-regulated in the ECM during atherogenesis. Intriguingly, three subunits of the osteoclast specific V-ATPase complex were strongly increased in mature plaques with an enrichment in macrophages thus implying an active de-mineralization function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wierer
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- §Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,¶Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Guangyao Yan
- §Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaab
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sepiede Azghandi
- §Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Julia Werner
- ‖Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- ‖Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- §Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,**Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- ‡‡Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,§§Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), e.V., Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- ‖Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,¶¶DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- §Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany;
| | - Matthias Mann
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany;
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8
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Pan J, Wang J, Hao L, Zhu G, Nguyen DN, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Li YP, Chen W. The Triple Functions of D2 Silencing in Treatment of Periapical Disease. J Endod 2017; 43:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Brömme D, Panwar P, Turan S. Cathepsin K osteoporosis trials, pycnodysostosis and mouse deficiency models: Commonalities and differences. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:457-72. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1160884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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de Oliveira MR. Phloretin-induced cytoprotective effects on mammalian cells: A mechanistic view and future directions. Biofactors 2016; 42:13-40. [PMID: 26826024 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin (C15 H14 O5 ), a dihydrochalcone flavonoid, is mainly found in fruit, leaves, and roots of apple tree. Phloretin exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities in mammalian cells through mechanisms that have been partially elucidated throughout the years. Phloretin bioavailability is well known in humans, but still remains to be better studied in experimental animals, such as mouse and rat. The focus of the present review is to gather information regarding the mechanisms involved in the phloretin-elicited effects in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Several manuscripts were analyzed and data raised by authors were described and discussed here in a mechanistic manner. Comparisons between the effects elicited by phloretin and phloridzin were made whenever possible, as well as with other polyphenols, clarifying questions about the use of phloretin as a potential therapeutic agent. Toxicological aspects associated to phloretin exposure were also discussed here. Furthermore, a special section containing future directions was created as a suggestive guide towards the elucidation of phloretin-related actions in mammalian cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), CEP, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
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11
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Liu S, Zhu W, Li S, Ma J, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang B, Li Z, Liang X, Shi W. Bovine parathyroid hormone enhances osteoclast bone resorption by modulating V-ATPase through PTH1R. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:284-92. [PMID: 26647715 PMCID: PMC4716795 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar-type H+ adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) plays an important role in cellular acidification and bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, the direct effect of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) on V-ATPase has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of bPTH on V-ATPase and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts from bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes of C57BL/6 mice were cultured with or without bPTH. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the V-ATPase a3-subunit and d2-subunit (by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis), V-ATPase activity (using the V type ATPase Activity Assay kit) and the bone resorption function of osteoclasts (by bone resorption assay) were examined following treatment with various concentrations of bPTH (0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 ng/ml) alone or with bPTH and its inhibitor, bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, the expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors in osteoclasts was also detected. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of V-ATPase a3-subunit and d2-subunit increased in a dose-dependent manner, paralleling the level of bPTH present. In addition, an increase in the concentration of bPTH was accompanied by the increased resorption capability of osteoclasts, whereas bone resorption was inhibited in the presence of bafilomycin A1. In addition, we confirmed the existence of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) in osteoclasts using three different methods (RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining). We found that bPTH enhanced the bone resorption capability of osteoclasts by modulating the expression of V-ATPase subunits, intracellular acidification and V-ATPase activity. Thus, we propose that PTH has a direct effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and that this effect is mediated through PTH1R, thus contributing to bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huitao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghe Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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12
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Yoshida M, Ishida Y, Adachi K, Murase H, Nakagawa H, Doi T. Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Destruxin E Analogues. Chemistry 2015; 21:18417-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Garcia-Rodriguez J, Mendiratta S, White MA, Xie XS, De Brabander JK. Synthesis and structure-activity studies of the V-ATPase inhibitor saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe) and simplified analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4393-8. [PMID: 26372654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient total synthesis of the potent V-ATPase inhibitor saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe), a synthetic variant of the natural product salicylihalamide A (SaliA), has been accomplished aimed at facilitating the development of SaliPhe as an anticancer and antiviral agent. This new approach enabled facile access to derivatives for structure-activity relationship studies, leading to simplified analogs that maintain SaliPhe's biological properties. These studies will provide a solid foundation for the continued evaluation of SaliPhe and analogs as potential anticancer and antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Saurabh Mendiratta
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA
| | - Xiao-Song Xie
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8591, USA
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
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14
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Zn/Ag micro-galvanic couples formed on titanium and osseointegration effects in the presence of S. aureus. Biomaterials 2015; 65:22-31. [PMID: 26141835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium implants possessing simultaneous osseointegration and antibacterial ability are desirable. In this work, three types of Zn/Ag micro-galvanic couples are fabricated on titanium by plasma immersion ion implantation to investigate the osseointegration and antibacterial effects as well as the involved mechanisms. The in vitro findings disclose enhanced proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and gene expressions of the rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as well as good antibacterial ability on all three micro-galvanic couples. Excellent antimicrobial ability is also observed in vivo and the micro-CT and histological results reveal notable osseointegration in vivo despite the presence of bacteria. The Zn/Ag micro-galvanic couple formed on Zn/Ag dual-ion co-implanted titanium shows the best osseointegration as well as good antibacterial properties in vivo obtained from a rabbit tibia model. The difference among the three Zn/Ag micro-galvanic couples can be ascribed to the contact between the Ag NPs and Zn film, which affects the corrosion process. Our results indicate that the biological behavior can be controlled by the corrosion process of the Zn/Ag micro-galvanic couples.
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15
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Yoshida M, Sato H, Ishida Y, Nakagawa H, Doi T. Scalable solution-phase synthesis of the biologically active cyclodepsipeptide destruxin E, a potent negative regulator of osteoclast morphology. J Org Chem 2013; 79:296-306. [PMID: 24251640 DOI: 10.1021/jo402437z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The scalable solution-phase synthesis of the cyclodepsipeptide destruxin E (1) has been achieved. Diastereoselective dihydroxylation of the terminal alkene in a 2-alkoxy-4-pentenoic amide, 7, was successfully accomplished utilizing (DHQD)2PHAL as the chiral ligand, and it was found that the use of the l-proline moiety in the substrate as a chiral auxiliary was essential for the induction of high diastereoselectivity to afford the key compound 4 on a gram scale. MNBA-mediated macrolactonization of 3 was also performed without formation of the dimerized product even under higher-dilution conditions, and it is noteworthy that the internal hydrogen bonds and s-cis configuration of the amide bond between N-methylalanine and N-methylvaline in the cyclization precursor 3 would assist in the macrolactonization to provide the macrolactone 2 without forming a dimerized product. Finally, epoxide formation in the side chain afforded destruxin E (1) on a gram scale in high purity (>98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Kim JL, Li HM, Kim YH, Lee YJ, Shim JH, Lim SS, Kang YH. Osteogenic activity of yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) extract modulating differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 40:1289-305. [PMID: 23227798 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone integrity is maintained through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Imbalance of the process results in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This study investigated the yellow flag iris extract (YFIE) and revealed its anti-osteoporotic effects in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 mouse cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. When osteoblasts were treated with 1-20 μg/ml YFIE in an osteogenic medium, the bone nodule formation by calcium deposits was markedly enhanced during differentiation. Consistently, YFIE stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I secretion with a substantial effect on osteoblast proliferation. On the other hand, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pre-incubated with 1-20 μg/ml YFIE for 5 days in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Non-toxic YFIE markedly attenuated the differentiation of macrophages to multi-nucleated osteoclasts. YFIE diminished RANKL-elevated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and bone resorption. In addition, the YFIE treatment retarded RANKL-induced cathepsin K production and carbonic anhydrase II expression, both of which are involved in bone resorption. Therefore, YFIE potentially posesses therapeutic agents that may prevent osteoporosis through promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lye Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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17
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Pangrazio A, Caldana ME, Lo Iacono N, Mantero S, Vezzoni P, Villa A, Sobacchi C. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis: report of 41 novel mutations in the TCIRG1 gene and diagnostic implications. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:2713-8. [PMID: 22231430 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Here we report 41 novel mutations in the TCIRG1 gene that is responsible for the disease in more than 50% of ARO patients. The characterisation of mutations in this gene might be useful in the process of drug design for osteoporosis treatment. INTRODUCTION Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder due to reduced bone resorption by osteoclasts. In this process, a crucial role is played by the proton pump V-ATPase. Biallelic mutations in the TCIRG1 gene, encoding for the a3 subunit of this pump, are responsible for more than one half of ARO patients. METHODS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ARO have been collected for 7 years and mutation analysis of the TCIRG1 gene was performed using direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified exons according to both a standard protocol and a modified one. RESULTS We report here 41 novel mutations identified in 67 unpublished patients, all with biallelic mutations. In particular, we describe two novel large genomic deletions and two splice site mutations in the 5' UTR of the TCIRG1 gene, in patients previously classified as mono-allelic. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlights the importance of two large genomic deletions and mutations in the 5' UTR with respect to patient management and, more critically, to prenatal diagnosis. With the present work, we strongly contribute to the molecular dissection of TCIRG1-deficient ARO and identify several protein residues which are fundamental for proton pump function and could thus be the target of future drugs designed to inhibit osteoclast resorptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pangrazio
- Milan Unit, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council, 20138, Milan, Italy
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18
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Kim JL, Kang MK, Gong JH, Park SH, Han SY, Kang YH. Novel antiosteoclastogenic activity of phloretin antagonizing RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of murine macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1223-33. [PMID: 22700286 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Bone-remodeling imbalance resulting in more bone resorption than bone formation is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone compound largely present in apple peels, possesses antiphotoaging, and antiinflammatory activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Phloretin inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and diminished bone resorption area produced during the osteoclast differentiation process. It was also found that ≥ 10 μM phloretin reduced RANKL-enhanced tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase activity and matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The phloretin treatment retarded RANKL-induced expression of carbonic anhydrase II, vacuolar-type H(+) -ATPase D2 and β3 integrin, all involved in the bone resorption. Furthermore, submicromolar phloretin diminished the expression and secretion of cathepsin K elevated by RANKL, being concurrent with inhibition of TRAF6 induction and NF-κB activation. RANKL-induced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor was also suppressed by phloretin. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by phloretin entail a disturbance of TRAF6-NFATc1-NF-κB pathway triggered by RANKL. Therefore, phloretin may be a potential therapeutic agent targeting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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19
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Brisson L, Reshkin SJ, Goré J, Roger S. pH regulators in invadosomal functioning: proton delivery for matrix tasting. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:847-60. [PMID: 22673002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-rich finger-like cellular structures sensing and interacting with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and involved in its proteolytic remodeling. Invadosomes are structures distinct from other adhesion complexes, and have been identified in normal cells that have to cross tissue barriers to fulfill their function such as leukocytes, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. They also represent features of highly aggressive cancer cells, allowing them to escape from the primary tumor, to invade surrounding tissues and to reach systemic circulation. They are localized to the ventral membrane of cells grown under 2-dimensional conditions and are supposed to be present all around cells grown in 3-dimensional matrices. Indeed invadosomes are key structures in physiological processes such as inflammation and the immune response, bone remodeling, tissue repair, but also in pathological conditions such as osteopetrosis and the development of metastases. Invadosomes are subdivided into podosomes, found in normal cells, and into invadopodia specific for cancer cells. While these two structures exhibit differences in organization, size, number and half-life, they share similarities in molecular composition, participation in cell-matrix adhesion and promoting matrix degradation. A key determinant in invadosomal function is the recruitment and release of proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), serine proteases and cysteine cathepsins, together with their activation in a tightly controlled and highly acidic microenvironment. Therefore numerous pH regulators such as V-ATPases and Na(+)/H(+) exchangers, are found in invadosomes and are directly involved in their constitution as well as their functioning. This review focuses on the participation of pH regulators in invadosome function in physiological and pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on ECM remodeling by osteoclasts during bone resorption and by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Brisson
- Nutrition, Growth and Cancer, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm U, France
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20
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Henriksen K, Flores C, Thomsen JS, Brüel AM, Thudium CS, Neutzsky-Wulff AV, Langenbach GEJ, Sims N, Askmyr M, Martin TJ, Everts V, Karsdal MA, Richter J. Dissociation of bone resorption and bone formation in adult mice with a non-functional V-ATPase in osteoclasts leads to increased bone strength. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27482. [PMID: 22087326 PMCID: PMC3210177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis caused by defective acid secretion by the osteoclast, is characterized by defective bone resorption, increased osteoclast numbers, while bone formation is normal or increased. In contrast the bones are of poor quality, despite this uncoupling of formation from resorption.To shed light on the effect of uncoupling in adult mice with respect to bone strength, we transplanted irradiated three-month old normal mice with hematopoietic stem cells from control or oc/oc mice, which have defective acid secretion, and followed them for 12 to 28 weeks.Engraftment levels were assessed by flow cytometry of peripheral blood. Serum samples were collected every six weeks for measurement of bone turnover markers. At termination bones were collected for µCT and mechanical testing. An engraftment level of 98% was obtained. From week 6 until termination bone resorption was significantly reduced, while the osteoclast number was increased when comparing oc/oc to controls. Bone formation was elevated at week 6, normalized at week 12, and reduced onwards. µCT and mechanical analyses of femurs and vertebrae showed increased bone volume and bone strength of cortical and trabecular bone.In conclusion, these data show that attenuation of acid secretion in adult mice leads to uncoupling and improves bone strength.
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21
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Cao Y, Wang D, Liu B, Yao G, Fu Y, Bi Z. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and risk of osteoporotic fracture. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2975-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Nishisho T, Hata K, Nakanishi M, Morita Y, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Yasui N, Yoneda T. The a3 isoform vacuolar type H⁺-ATPase promotes distant metastasis in the mouse B16 melanoma cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:845-55. [PMID: 21669964 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the acidic microenvironments critically influence malignant behaviors of cancer including invasiveness, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Because the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) has been shown to cause extracellular acidification by pumping protons, we studied the role of V-ATPase in distant metastasis. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the high-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells strongly expressed the a3 isoform V-ATPase compared to the low-metastatic B16 parental cells. Consistent with this, B16-F10 cells created acidic environments in lung metastases by acridine orange staining and strong a3 V-ATPase expression in bone metastases by immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemical analysis showed B16-F10 cells expressed a3 V-ATPase not only in cytoplasm but also plasma membrane, whereas B16 parental cells exhibited its expression only in cytoplasm. Of note, knockdown of a3 V-ATPase suppressed invasiveness and migration with reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in B16-F10 cells and significantly decreased lung and bone metastases, despite that tumor growth was not altered. Importantly, administration of a specific V-ATPase a3 inhibitor FR167356 reduced bone metastasis of B16-F10 cells. These results suggest that a3 V-ATPase promotes distant metastasis of B16-F10 cells by creating acidic environments via proton secretion. Our results also suggest that inhibition of the development of cancer-associated acidic environments by suppressing a3 V-ATPase could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Nishisho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Type 17 T-helper cells might be a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:771-4. [PMID: 21556758 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, is a pressing public health problem. Recent studies have suggested a possible role of T-helper (Th) cells in the pathogenesis of bone loss which occurs in systemic inflammatory diseases. However, there are contradictions in the published literature regarding the functional role of Th1/Th2 cells in the regulation of the differentiation of osteoclasts. These paradoxes have now been clarified by the recent discovery of Th17 cells, a novel subset of Th cells that selectively secrete several proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-17. It has been confirmed that Th17 cells have stimulatory effects on osteoclastogenesis and accelerate bone loss in animal models with inflammatory disorders. Targeting Th17 cells or IL-17 may inhibit the bone resorption with RA. Thus, we are led to suppose that Th17 cells might be promising therapeutic targets in osteoporosis.
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Barzel A, Privman E, Peeri M, Naor A, Shachar E, Burstein D, Lazary R, Gophna U, Pupko T, Kupiec M. Native homing endonucleases can target conserved genes in humans and in animal models. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6646-59. [PMID: 21525128 PMCID: PMC3159444 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, both homing endonucleases (HEases) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been engineered and selected for the targeting of desired human loci for gene therapy. However, enzyme engineering is lengthy and expensive and the off-target effect of the manufactured endonucleases is difficult to predict. Moreover, enzymes selected to cleave a human DNA locus may not cleave the homologous locus in the genome of animal models because of sequence divergence, thus hampering attempts to assess the in vivo efficacy and safety of any engineered enzyme prior to its application in human trials. Here, we show that naturally occurring HEases can be found, that cleave desirable human targets. Some of these enzymes are also shown to cleave the homologous sequence in the genome of animal models. In addition, the distribution of off-target effects may be more predictable for native HEases. Based on our experimental observations, we present the HomeBase algorithm, database and web server that allow a high-throughput computational search and assignment of HEases for the targeting of specific loci in the human and other genomes. We validate experimentally the predicted target specificity of candidate fungal, bacterial and archaeal HEases using cell free, yeast and archaeal assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Barzel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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25
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Martí-Cabrera M, Martí-Masanet M, Esplugues JV. [Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors: is the risk of osteoporosis and fractures real?]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:271-7. [PMID: 21419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most widely used groups of drugs and their potential toxicity is periodically reviewed, emphasizing aspects originally considered secondary. The present review analyzes the physiological and pharmacological bases and the scarce clinical evidence for a potential association between the continued administration of PPI and the development of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Both disorders are clearly related to calcium homeostasis and are highly important in elderly patients due to their poor general prognosis and disabling consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martí-Cabrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, España
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26
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Yuan FL, Li X, Lu WG, Xu RS, Zhao YQ, Li CW, Li JP, Chen FH. Regulatory T cells as a potent target for controlling bone loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:173-6. [PMID: 20920469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis, affect hundreds and millions of people worldwide leading causes of long-term pain and disability. Effective clinical treatment for bone destruction in bone diseases is lacking because the knowledge about molecular mechanisms leading to bone destruction are incompletely understood. Recently, it has been confirmed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in suppressing the immune response in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. In vitro, Tregs directly inhibit osteoclasts and differentiation and function. In mice, the injection of Tregs into the TNF transgenic results in enhanced systemic bone density. In addition, it has been shown that increase of Tregs numbers by overexpressing the FoxP3 is effective in the prevention of local and systemic bone destruction. In vivo treatment with anti-CD28 superagonist antibody leading to a stronger increase in Tregs numbers protect against TNF-a-induced bone loss in TNF-transgenic mice. In agreement, Tregs can control ovariectomy-induced bone loss in FoxP3-transgenic mice. In this paper, we will briefly discuss the biological features of Tregs and summarize recent advances on the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis and treatment of bone loss in metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lai Yuan
- The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China.
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