Vascular endothelial growth factor 1498C/T, 936C/T polymorphisms associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma: a Chinese case-control study

VEGF-2578C/A, -460T/C Polymorphisms and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Functional polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alter the susceptibility toward different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. In this study, we explored the association of VEGF-2578C/A and VEGF-460T/C polymorphisms with esophageal cancer (EC) risk. In total, 330 patients with EC and 330 controls for VEGF-2578C/A polymorphism and 316 patients with EC and 316 controls for VEGF-460T/C polymorphism were genotyped. AA genotype (p = 0.01) and A allele (p = 0.02) of VEGF-2578C/A and CC genotype (p = 0.04) and C allele (p = 0.04) of VEGF-460T/C polymorphism were significantly associated with an increased risk of EC. VEGF-2578C/A and VEGF-460T/C polymorphisms have been studied in different GIT cancers, but results are inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association of these polymorphisms with the risk of GIT cancers. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were used to search the articles. Twenty-one studies on VEGF-2578C/A and 20 studies on VEGF-460T/C polymorphism were included in this meta-analysis. VEGF-2578C/A polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of GIT cancer in the overall population under the overdominant model (p = 0.009). A significant association of VEGF-2578C/A polymorphism with GIT cancer risk has been observed in the middle easterners, Caucasians, and Asians under different genetic models. VEGF-460T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of GIT cancers in Caucasians. Stratification of the data on the basis of cancer type showed a significant association of VEGF-2578C/A polymorphism with the risk of gallbladder cancer, whereas VEGF-460T/C polymorphism was associated with the risk of hepatocellular cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Our meta-analysis suggested that VEGF-2578C/A and VEGF-460T/C polymorphisms were associated with GIT cancer risk.

Impact of VEGFA promoter polymorphisms on esophageal cancer risk in North-West Indians: a case-control study

BACKGROUND

Angiogenesis play a critical role in the development and progression of tumors in solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important endothelial cell mitogen which plays a critical role in normal physiological and tumor angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this case-control study was to investigate the association of VEGF-2578C/A, -2549 I/D, and -460T/C promoter polymorphisms with esophageal cancer risk in North-West Indians.

METHODS

In this study, 200 sporadic esophageal cancer patients and 200 healthy, unrelated, age and gender matched controls were analyzed. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using phenol chloroform method. Genotyping of VEGF- 2549I/D polymorphism was carried out by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whereas VEGF -2578C/A and VEGF-460T/C) polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

RESULTS

AA genotype (p = 0.005) and A allele (p = 0.005) VEGF -2578 C/A, II genotype (p = 0.011) and I allele (p = 0.012) of VEGF - 2549 I/D and CC genotype (p = 0.013) and C allele of VEGF-460T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer. Stratification of data on the basis of gender showed that VEGF -2578 AA genotype (p = 0.001) and A allele (p = 0.001); VEGF -2549 II genotype (p = 0.002) and I allele (p = 0.002) and VEGF- 460CC genotype (p = 0.001) and C allele (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer in female group. Haplotype analysis revealed that A_-2578 I_- 2549 C_- 460 haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk for esophageal cancer in total samples (p = 0.008) as well as in female group (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of present study indicate that VEGF -2578C/A, - 2549I/D and -460T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer in North-West Indians.

A microRNA binding site polymorphism in the 3' UTR region of VEGF-A gene modifies colorectal cancer risk based on ethnicity: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays an integral role in angiogenesis by contributing to growth, development, and metastasis of solid tumors. Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism +936C/T located in the VEGF-A 3' untranslated region (UTR) facilitated the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. The association between VEGF-A gene polymorphism +936C/T and colorectal cancer risk has been widely studied in the last decade, but presently, the results furnished remain enigmatic. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the association between VEGF-A +936C/T miRNA binding site polymorphism and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

METHODS

This meta-analysis included 13 published case-control studies covering 3465 cases (colorectal cancer) and 3476 healthy controls. Publication bias was examined by means of Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression tests. The quality of the studies included was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Subgroup analyses were performed in accordance to the various ethnicities of the study subjects and the study quality.

RESULTS

From the data obtained, it is implied that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism did not correlate with elevated colorectal cancer risk in all genetic models. But the results acquired from the subgroup analysis in over dominant model (CT vs. CC + TT: OR = 1.5047, 95% CI = 1.19-1.90) suggest that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism leads to the raise in the risk of developing CRC among the East Asian population. No association was observed in Caucasian and South Asian population.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism is not a risk factor for developing CRC in Caucasian and South Asian population. However, the East Asian population was related to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer due to the presence of the minor allele.

The association of VEGF rs833061 and rs2010963 polymorphisms with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in an Iranian population

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important regulators of angiogenesis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the VEGF overexpression and tumor progression in several cancers. This study aimed to determine the association of VEGF rs833061 and rs2010963 polymorphism and their haplotypes with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Iranian population. A total of 284 colorectal cancer patients (37.3% women, 62.7% men) were enrolled in this study. Healthy controls without evidence of cancer history or family cancer predispositions were frequency-matched to the cases by sex and age (± 5 years). Genotyping was performed by the Sequenom mass ARRAY method and the genotype distribution and risk estimate were analyzed by SPSS software. The correlation between the genotypes and clinicopathological parameters (Dukes stage, phenotype, location, differentiation, and tumor size) among colorectal cancer patients were investigated. We found a significant relationship, between rs833061T/C genotype and their TG haplotype with the age of diagnosis < 60; (p = 0.012, p = 0.014) and rs2010963G/C genotype with female gender and TG haplotype with third and fourth tumor stage and tumor location (p = 0.04and p = 0.047). This study showed that rs833061T/C genotype and TG haplotype increase the susceptibility to colon cancer in the Iranian population. This susceptibility has a significant relationship with the age of diagnosis and different stages of the tumor.

MicroRNA-binding site polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Genetic variations in miRNAs binding site might participate in cancer risk. This study aimed to systematically review the association between miRNA-binding site polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC). Electronic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Embase. All types of observational studies till 30 November 2018 were included. Overall 85 studies (21 SNPs) from two systematic searches were included analysis. The results showed that in the Middle East population, the minor allele of rs731236 was associated with decreased risk of CRC (heterozygote model: 0.76 [0.61-0.95]). The minor allele of rs3025039 was related to increased risk of CRC in East Asian population (allelic model: 1.25 [1.01-1.54]). Results for rs3212986 were significant in overall and subgroup analysis (P < .05). For rs1801157 in subgroup analysis the association was significant in Asian populations (including allelic model: 2.28 [1.11-4.69]). For rs712, subgroup analysis revealed a significant (allelic model: 1.41 [1.23-1.61]) and borderline (allelic model: 0.92 [0.84-1.00]) association in Chinese and Czech populations, respectively. The minor allele of rs17281995 increased risk of CRC in different genetic models (P < .05). Finally, rs5275, rs4648298, and rs61764370 did not show significant associations. In conclusion, minor allele of rs3025039, rs3212986, and rs712 polymorphisms increases the risk of CRC in the East Asian population, and heterozygote model of rs731236 polymorphism shows protective effect in the Middle East population. In Europeans, the minor allele of rs17281995 may increase the risk of CRC, while rs712 may have a protective effect. Further analysis based on population stratifications should be considered in future studies.

Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms in colorectal cancer patients

AIM

To investigate the associations of the genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) -1498C>T and -634G>C, with the survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODS

A prospective cohort consisting of 131 Brazilians patients consecutively operated on with a curative intention as a result of sporadic colorectal carcinoma was studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and its amplification and allelic discrimination for each genetic polymorphism was performed using the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real-time. The real-time PCR technique was used to identify the VEGF-A -1498C>T (rs833031) and -634G>C (rs2010963) polymorphisms. Genotyping was validated for VEGF-A -1498C>T polymorphism in 129 patients and for VEGF-A -634G>C polymorphism in 118 patients. The analysis of association between categorical variables was performed using logistic regression, survival by Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis by the Cox regression method.

RESULTS

In the univariate analysis there was a significant association (OR = 0.32; P = 0.048) between genotype CC of the VEGF-A -1498C>T polymorphism and the presence of CRC liver metastasis. There was no association between VEGF-A -1498C>T polymorphism and VEGF-A -634G>C polymorphism with further clinical or anatomopathologic variables. The genotype CC of the VEGF-A -1498C>T polymorphism was significantly correlated with the 5-year survival (P = 0.032), but not significant difference (P = 0.27) was obtained with the VEGF-A -634G>C polymorphism with the 5-year survival in the univariate analysis. The genotype CT (HR = 2.79) and CC (HR = 4.67) of the polymorphism VEGF-A -1498C>T and the genotype CC (HR = 3.76) of the polymorphism VEGF-A -634C>G acted as an independent prognostic factor for the risk of death in CRC patients.

CONCLUSION

The CT and CC genotypes of the VEGF-A -1498C>T and the CC genotype of the VEGF-A -634C>G polymorphisms are prognostic factors of survival in Brazilians patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma.

ADRB2 polymorphisms in allergic asthma in Han Chinese children

BACKGROUND

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene have been linked to pathogenesis of and treatment responses in asthma. In China, where asthma is common, little information exists regarding ADRB2 variants and their effects on asthma. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between variations in ADRB2 and childhood asthma.

METHODS

Blood samples were collected from 298 pediatric asthma cases treated in our hospital from July 2013 to September 2014; 304 samples were collected from healthy children for a control group. Six loci (at base positions -47, 79, -2387, 46, 523, and 491) of ADRB2 were genotyped using the TaqMan probe assay; SHEsis was used to determine haplotypes. Allele frequencies and genotype distributions were compared between groups using chi square and t tests.

RESULTS

No significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies were found between the groups for the polymorphic loci -2387 bp (T>C), 46 bp (G>A), and 523 bp (C>A) (p > 0.05). However, genotype frequencies for the ADRB2 SNPs at -47 bp (C>T) and 79 bp (G>C) differed significantly between asthma and control groups (p < 0.05). Further, linkage disequilibrium was found between these 2 SNPs (D' = 0.990, r(2) = 0.962), as well as between SNPs at 46 and 523 bp (D' = 0.985, r(2) = 0.607). Finally, of the 4 haplotypes analyzed in these samples (haplotypes III, IV, IX, and XI), the frequency of haplotype III was significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (p < 0.05; odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.97).

CONCLUSION

Variations of ADRB2 at base positions -47 (C>T) and 79 (G>C), as well as haplotype III, may contribute to susceptibility to childhood asthma.

C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in relation to the risk and the clinical and biological characteristics of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma

Background

One of the main glycoproteins responsible for angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor. It is believed that C936T polymorphism, located in the VEGF gene, is correlated with susceptibility towards development of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify the frequencies of the genotypes of C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma, in comparison with controls, and whether this correlates with the degree of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and occurrence of metastases at the time of the diagnosis. The analysis was done on 261 patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma and 261 controls. The genotypes of C936T polymorphism were evaluated by means of the polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion, using peripheral blood samples.

Results

The occurrences of genotype 936CC were similar in the two groups (80.5% versus 78.5%, p = 0.2288). In relation to tumor location, lymph node involvement, infiltration and tumor metastasis, no statistically significant results were obtained (p = 0.3116, p = 0.8485, p = 0.9408 and p = 0.2861, respectively).

Conclusion

C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene did not influence the occurrence of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma development and did not correlated with the degree of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and occurrence of metastases.

Polymorphisms in the genes related to angiogenesis are associated with uterine cervical cancer

INTRODUCTION

The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) participates in the angiogenesis of several cancer types. The goal of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in genes related to angiogenesis (PAI-1-675 4G/5G, VEGF C936T, and TGF-β1 G-800A) to evaluate the risk for developing uterine cervical cancer (UCC).

METHODS

In a case-control study, 100 healthy subjects and 100 patients with UCC from Mexico were included. We determined the genetic profile of the polymorphic markers, which were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using a sequence-specific primer.

RESULTS

There was no statistical difference in the allele distribution from the intergroup comparisons of PAI-1 675 4G/5G and VEGF C936T data; however, a significant difference was observed within TGF-β1 G-800A. The linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed that PAI-1 -675 4G and TGF-β1 -800A pair-haplotype was in strong linkage disequilibrium with a significantly increased risk (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-7.25) to UCC.

CONCLUSIONS

The polymorphisms in the genes related to angiogenesis -675 4G/5G PAI-1 and G-800A TGF-β1, segregated solely or combined, might contribute to the increased susceptibility to UCC in a Mexican population.

Immune microenvironmental shift along human colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: is it relevant to tumor development, biomarkers and biotherapeutic targets?

Human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the leading cancers. Every year, the WHO estimates a total of 945,000 new CRC cases, with 492,000 deaths worldwide. Most CRCs arise from the main premalignant lesion, colorectal adenomas, and the progression of colorectal adenoma to CRCs may take a long-term time course. The development of human CRCs is not only determined by the adenomatous cells, but also by the interaction between adenomatous cells and host immune environment. In response to tumor initiation or invasion, many inflammatory cells and components will be inevitably activated and form an inflammatory microenvironment surrounding the CRC tumors. Accumulative evidence has revealed that inflammatory response plays a key role in the development of human CRCs by implicating in many aspects including in determining the microenvironmental immune function shift from immunosurveillance to immunosuppression and significantly influences the progression of precancerous lesions to cancers. In this review, the functional changes of immune microenvironment from precancerous stage (adenoma) to cancer stage are summarized, and their potential as predictive biomarkers and biotherapeutic significance in preventing the development of CRCs are discussed.