Six lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms, lipid profile and coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population

Genetic determinants of intracranial large artery stenosis in the northern Manhattan study

BACKGROUND

Intracranial stenosis is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with intracranial atherosclerosis, which is inferred to be the most common underlying cause of intracranial large artery stenosis (ILAS). We previously reviewed known genetic variants related to ILAS in predominantly Asian cohorts, but their prevalence and role in ILAS among western multiethnic populations are uncertain.

METHODS

We leveraged existing imaging and genetic data from the Northern Manhattan Study, a multiethnic prospective cohort study. Based on literature review, we selected adiponectin Q (ADIPOQ) rs2241767 and rs182052, ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) rs112735431, apolipoprotein E (APOE) rs429358, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) rs2910829, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) rs320, and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) rs1799998 variants as candidates to explore. We defined ILAS as luminal stenosis >50% in any intracranial large artery using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

RESULTS

We included 1109 participants (mean age 70 ± 9 years, 70% Hispanic, 60% women) in this study. ILAS was identified in 81 (7%) NOMAS participants. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, principal components, and vascular risk factors showed ILAS prevalence associated with CYP11B2 rs1799998 under the dominant model (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.35-0.89) and LPL rs320 heterozygote genotype (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.05-2.71). The genotype distributions of ADIPOQ rs2241767 and rs182052, APOE rs429358 and CYP11B2 rs1799998 variants were significantly different among non-Hispanic white and Black, and Hispanic groups. When participants were further stratified by race/ethnicity, the estimates were consistent for CYP11B2 rs1799998 across race/ethnic groups but not for LPL rs320.

CONCLUSION

The CYP11B2 rs1799998 variant may be a protective genetic factor for ILAS across race/ethnic groups, but the risk of ILAS associated with LPL rs320 varies by race/ethnic group. Further functional studies may help elucidate the role that these variants play in the pathophysiology of ILAS.

Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Myocardial Infarction Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Aims: Many studies and researchers have reported on the genetic association between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene polymorphisms and myocardial infarction (MI). The results, however, have been inconclusive. Therefore, we assessed the relationship of LPL gene polymorphisms and MI risk by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: Literature was retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Embase databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the genetic associations between LPL gene polymorphisms and MI risk. A total of nine studies, with 10 individual groups, comprising 2785 cases and 4317 controls were used for this meta-analysis. Results: The allelic (p = 0.0003, OR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.79-0.93]) and dominant models (p = 0.001, OR [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.73-0.93]), but not the recessive model (p > 0.05) of LPL gene showed that the HindIII variant significantly decreased the risk of MI. In addition, the allelic model (p = 0.04, OR [95% CI] = 0.71 [0.50-0.99]) for the S447X variant showed a significant decrease in the risk of MI. No association was observed between the PvuII variant and MI (p > 0.05). A subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed that all of the genetic models (allelic model: p < 0.00001, OR [95% CI] = 0.62 [0.51-0.77]; dominant model: p = 0.003, OR [95% CI] = 0.66 [0.50-0.87]; recessive model (p = 0.02, OR [95% CI] = 0.47 [0.25-0.88]) found an association of the HindIII polymorphism with MI in the Asian, but not in the Caucasian population (p > 0.05). Under the dominant model the HindIII SNP was also shown to be associated with MI risk in the Caucasian population (p = 0.03, OR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.76-0.99]). In addition, the allelic (p = 0.02, OR [95% CI] = 0.75 [0.59-0.95]) and dominant models (p = 0.02, OR [95% CI] = 0.51 [0.29-0.90]) for S447X demonstrated a significantly decreased MI risk in the Caucasian, but not in the Asian population (p > 0.05). Conclusions: LPL HindIII and S447X polymorphisms, but not PvuII might be the protective factors for MI. To confirm these results, case-control studies with larger numbers of subjects need to be conducted.

Gender-related relation between metabolic syndrome and S447X and HindIII polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase gene in northern Iran

BACKGROUND

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among genetic factors that contributed to incidence of metabolic syndrome, Polymorphisms of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are major candidates especially because of their effect on obesity and dyslipidemia. S447X (rs328) and Hind III (rs320) Polymorphisms of LPL gene have been reported to change LPL activity, resulting in altered triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. This study investigates the effects of these gene polymorphisms on factors affecting metabolic syndrome in northern population of Iran.

METHODS

Studied population included 223 adults consisting 90 women and 133 men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² as obese subjects, and 156 healthy participants as a control group with BMI <25 that included 68 women and 88 men. All factors causing metabolic syndrome were evaluated. Also DNA was extracted from blood samples and HindIII and S447X LPL gene polymorphisms were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study proves that some genotypes of S447X were associated with a reduced risk of developing low HDL-C only in men, while the protective effects of HindIII on hypertriglyceridemia were only seen in women [corrected]. The point is that this relation is affected by the weight profile of the participants. It can be concluded that there is a gender-related relation between the polymorphisms of LPL gene and the risk factors for incidence of metabolic syndrome in the northern population of Iran.

Associations between LPL gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease: evidence based on an updated and cumulative meta-analysis

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is widely linked to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, but its effects on coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between LPL gene polymorphisms and CAD susceptibility. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the relationship between LPL gene polymorphisms and CAD risk. Comprehensive electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched. A total of 45 records containing 80 eligible studies were analyzed. The results indicated an increased risk between the LPL D9N polymorphism and susceptibility to CAD in the dominant genetic model (AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.14-1.87), whereas the LPL HindIII polymorphism showed a protective effect against CAD under all tested models (GG+GT vs. TT: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.97; GG vs. TT + TG: OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47-0.83; G vs. T: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.92). No significant association was identified for the LPL N291S and PvuII polymorphisms. Stratification analysis by ethnicity suggested a significant correlation between the LPL S447X polymorphism and CAD susceptibility in Caucasians under the dominant and allele genetic models. In summary, our meta-analysis indicated that the LPL D9N polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of CAD, whereas the S447X and HindIII polymorphisms showed protective effects. There was no association observed between the N291S and PvuII polymorphisms and CAD risk.

Association of Multiple Genetic Variants with the Extension and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition that, when associated with ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular events, can be influenced by genetic variants and determine more severe coronary atherosclerosis.

Objectives

To examine the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the extension and severity of coronary disease in subjects with MS and recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

Patients (n = 116, 68% males) aged 56 (9) years, with criteria for MS, were prospectively enrolled to the study during the hospitalization period after an ACS. Clinical and laboratory parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, adiponectin, endothelial function, and the Gensini score were assessed. Polymorphisms of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), methylenotetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, followed by the identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP, and a genetic score was calculated. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used, as appropriate. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Polymorphisms of PON-1, MTHFR and ENOS were not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The DD genotype of LPL was associated with higher severity and greater extension of coronary lesions. Genetic score tended to be higher in patients with Gensini score < P50 (13.7 ± 1.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.6, p = 0.066), with an inverse correlation between genetic and Gensini scores (R = -0.194, p = 0.078).

Conclusions

The LPL polymorphism contributed to the severity of coronary disease in patients with MS and recent ACS. Combined polymorphisms were associated with the extension of coronary disease, and the lower the genetic score the more severe the disease.

Prediction of cholesterol ratios within a Korean population

Cholesterol ratios (total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG)/HDL-c) have been suggested as better indicators to predict various clinical features such as insulin resistance and heart disease. Therefore, we aimed to build a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set to predict constitutional lipid metabolism. The genotype data of 7795 samples were obtained from the Korea Association Resource. Among the total of 7795 samples, 7016 subjects were used to perform 10-fold cross-validation. We selected the SNPs that showed significance constantly throughout all 10 cross-validation sets; another 779 samples were used as the final validation set. After performing the 10-fold cross-validation, the six SNPs (rs4420638 (APOC1), rs12421652 (BUD13), rs17411126 (LPL), rs6589566 (ZPR1), rs16940212 (LOC101928635) and rs10852765 (ABCA8)) were finally selected for predicting cholesterol ratios. The weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS) were calculated based on the regression slopes of the six selected SNPs. Our results showed upward trends of wGRS for both the TC/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios within the 10-fold cross-validation. Similarly, the wGRS of the six SNPs also showed upward trends in analyses using the SNP selection set and final validation set. The selected six SNPs can be used to explain both the TC/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios. Our results may be useful for the prospective predictions of cholesterol-related diseases.

Common variants in the genes of triglyceride and HDL-C metabolism lack association with coronary artery disease in the Pakistani subjects

Background

Serum Triglyceride (TG) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels are modifiable coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. Polymorphisms in the genes regulating TG and HDL-C levels contribute to the development of CAD. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of four such single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the genes for Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) (rs328, rs1801177), Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) (rs66279) and Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) (rs708272) on HDL-C and TG levels and to examine the association of these SNPs with CAD risk.

Methods

A total of 640 subjects (415 cases, 225 controls) were enrolled in the study. The SNPs were genotyped by KASPar allelic discrimination technique. Serum HDL-C and TG were determined by spectrophotometric methods.

Results

The population under study was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and minor allele of SNP rs1801177 was completely absent in the studied subjects. The SNPs were association with TG and HDL-C levels was checked through regression analysis. For rs328, the effect size of each risk allele on TG and HDL-C (mmol/l) was 0.16(0.08) and −0.11(0.05) respectively. Similarly, the effect size of rs662799 for TG and HDL-C was 0.12(0.06) and −0.13(0.0.3) and that of rs708272 was 0.08(0.04) and 0.1(0.03) respectively. The risk allele frequencies of the SNPs were higher in cases than controls, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) and SNPs were not associated with CAD risk (p > 0.05). The combined gene score of four SNPs significantly raised TG and lowered HDL-C but did not increase CAD risk.

Conclusion

The studied SNPs were associated with TG and HDL-C levels, but not with CAD in Pakistani population under study.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0419-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Interaction of lipoprotein lipase polymorphisms with body mass index and birth weight to modulate lipid profiles in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-III Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

Interactions between body mass index (BMI), birth weight and risk parameters may contribute to diseases rather than the individual effects of each factor. However this hypothesis needs to be confirmed. This study aimed to determine to what extent variants of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) might interact with birth weight or body weight in determining the lipid profile concentrations in children and adolescents.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Substudy of the third survey of a national surveillance system (CASPIAN-III Study) in Iran.

METHODS

Whole blood samples (kept frozen at -70 °C) were randomly selected from 750 students aged 10-18 years. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-resolution melt analysis were performed to assess S447X (rs328), HindIII (rs320) and D9N (rs1801177) polymorphisms.

RESULTS

The AG/GG genotype in D9N polymorphism was associated with higher LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and lower HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentration. Significant interactions were found for D9N polymorphism and birth weight in association with plasma HDL-C concentration, and also for D9N polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C levels. HindIII polymorphism had significant association with birth weight for HDL-C concentration, and with BMI for TG and HDL-C levels. Significant interactions were found for S447X polymorphism and BMI in association with plasma TG and HDL-C concentrations.

CONCLUSION

We found significant interactive effects from LPL polymorphisms and birth weight on HDL-C concentration, and also effects from LPL polymorphisms and BMI on TG and HDL-C concentrations.

Relationship between the Apolipoprotein AI, B gene polymorphism and the risk of non-traumatic osteonecrosis

BACKGROUND

Previous studies suggested that Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) gene polymorphisms may result in lipid metabolism disorders. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes may be associated with the occurrence of osteonecrosis.

METHODS

We designed a case-control study including 429 patients of osteonecrosis and 368 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the DNA fragments in promoter -75 G > A of ApoAI gene and EcoR I, Xba I and 3'-VNTR of ApoB gene in osteonecrosis patients and healthy controls. We utilized polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to genotype these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

RESULTS

For -75 G > A polymorphism of ApoAI, AA genotype frequency (0.501) was significantly higher in patients with osteonecrosis than that in control (0.462) subjects (P <0.001), GA genotype frequency (0.170) was significantly lower than that in the control (0.310) group (P <0.0001). In osteonecrosis patients, the odds ratio (OR) of A allele was 3.932 (95% CI: 3.0847 ~ 5.0123), which suggested that subjects carrying A allele of promoter region -75 G > A of ApoAI gene had higher susceptibility to osteonecrosis than G allele carriers. The genotype and allele frequency distributions showed no significant difference in EcoR I, Xba Iand 3'-VNTR loci of ApoB gene between the osteonecrosis group and control group.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggested that ApoAI gene -75G > A polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to osteonecrosis in Chinese population. However, our results need further investigation with large sample size and various populations.

Associations of lipoprotein lipase gene rs326 with changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in healthy Chinese Han youth

To investigate the effects of a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (HC/LF) diet on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins (Apos) of healthy Chinese Han youth with different genotypes of lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) rs326, 56 subjects were given a washout diet of 30.1% fat and 54.1% carbohydrate for seven days, followed by the HC/LF diet of 13.8% fat and 70.1% carbohydrate for six days, with no total energy restriction. Plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Apo B-100 and Apo A-I were analyzed at baseline and before and after the HC/LF diet. The results show that, when compared with before the HC/LF diet, only the male G carriers experienced increased HDL-C (p = 0.008) and Apo A-I (p = 0.005) after the HC/LF diet. Decreased TC in both males and females and increased TG in females were found regardless of the genotype after the HC/LF diet. LDL-C decreased in all the subjects although the decrease was not significant in the female G carriers. These results demonstrate that the G allele of LPL rs326 associates with the elevated levels of HDL-C and Apo A-I after the HC/LF diet in males of the healthy Chinese Han Youth.

Associations of three lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms, lipid profiles and coronary artery disease

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism by hydrolyzing the core triglycerides (TGs) of circulating chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The effects of LPL polymorphisms on lipid levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) have been inconsistent among studies and populations. To assess the lipid profiles and distributions of three LPL gene polymorphisms in Saudi patients with CAD, the HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms in the LPL gene were analyzed in 226 patients with CAD and 110 controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect LPL gene polymorphisms. The plasma lipid profiles of the patients were determined using standard enzymatic methods. Patients in the CAD group had significantly higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels than controls irrespective of the HindIII, PvuII or Ser447Ter genotype. Compared to the findings in controls, the HindIII TT, PvuII TC and Ser447Ter CC genotypes were associated with significantly reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with CAD (P<0.0001). In summary, there are associations between LPL gene variants and high plasma TG, TC and LDL-C levels as well as low HDL-C levels.