1
|
Naowaboot J, Nanna U, Chularojmontri L, Songtavisin T, Tingpej P, Sattaponpan C, Jansom C, Wattanapitayakul S. Mentha cordifolia Leaf Extract Improves Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:157-165. [PMID: 34316480 PMCID: PMC8276705 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mentha cordifolia (MC) is a popular herb used to flavor food in Thailand that exhibits several biological effects. The present study aimed to determine the role of MC in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). ICR obese mice were fed an HFD (45 kcal% lard fat) for 12 weeks, with MC (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) treatment from Week 7. After treatment with MC for 6 weeks, mice showed significantly lower rates of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and hyperlipidemia, and increased amounts of serum adiponectin. Furthermore, in mice treated with MC, serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly inhibited and liver histology results showed decreased lipid accumulation and liver triglyceride content vs. untreated mice. In addition, MC treatment was associated with smaller fat cells and lower gene expression of liver sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. However, MC treatment was associated with higher carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a gene expression and significantly higher rates of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in liver, but lower levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. These results indicate MC regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in a HFD-induced obese mouse model, possibly via activation of AMPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Urarat Nanna
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Linda Chularojmontri
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanitsara Songtavisin
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pholawat Tingpej
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chisanucha Sattaponpan
- Research Administrative Office, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chalerm Jansom
- Research Administrative Office, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suvara Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bin Dahman LS, Humam MA, Barahim OH, Barahman OM, Balfas MA. Association between Liver Enzymes and Dyslipidemia in Yemeni Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF DIABETES MELLITUS 2021; 11:41-51. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.4236/jdm.2021.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
|
3
|
Wu L, Mo W, Feng J, Li J, Yu Q, Li S, Zhang J, Chen K, Ji J, Dai W, Wu J, Xu X, Mao Y, Guo C. Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by up-regulating the FGF21/PGC-1α pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3760-3777. [PMID: 32446270 PMCID: PMC7393201 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be one of the most common chronic liver diseases across worldwide. Astaxanthin (Ax) is a carotenoid, and beneficial effects of astaxanthin, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour activity, have been identified. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of astaxanthin against NAFLD and its underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were fed either a high fat or chow diet, with or without astaxanthin, for up to 12 weeks. L02 cells were treated with free fatty acids combined with different doses of astaxanthin for 48 h. Histopathology, expression of lipid metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis-related gene expression were assessed. And the function of mitochondria was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS The results indicated that astaxanthin attenuated HFD- and FFA-induced lipid accumulation and its associated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Astaxanthin up-regulated FGF21 and PGC-1α expression in damaged hepatocytes, which suggested an unrecognized mechanism of astaxanthin on ameliorating NAFLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Astaxanthin attenuated hepatocyte damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD by up-regulating FGF21/PGC-1α pathway. Our results suggest that astaxanthin may become a promising drug to treat or relieve NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenhui Mo
- Department of GastroenterologyShidong Hospital of ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Tenth HospitalSchool of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Liver DiseasesZhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Tongren HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyShidong Hospital of ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Yuqing Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siregar GA, Irwansyah D. Comparison of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio between Degrees of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3451-3454. [PMID: 32002072 PMCID: PMC6980812 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy. The Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer System (BCLC), guides the treatment of patients with HCC. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an inflammatory marker used as a prognostic factor disease of HCC. An increase in PLR indicates higher host’s inflammatory response and is associated with aggressive HCC behaviour, according to BCLC. AIM: This study aims to determine the PLRs between among the degrees of BCLC (The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) in HCC patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan during 2015-2016. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 166 patients with HCC who were then classified by the BCLC guidelines. PLRs among the patient’s degrees of BCLC were compared using Kruskal Wallis test. RESULTS: A total of 166 HCC patients, 129 (77.7%) were men and 37 (22.3%) were women. The PLR value has a median value of 17841with the lowest value of 1776 and the highest value of 223684. There were differences in PLR levels with various BCLC stages in patients with HCC at Haji Adam Malik Hospital during 2015-2016 (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: There were differences in PLR levels with various BCLC stages in patients with HCC at Haji Adam Malik Hospital during 2015-2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gontar Alamsyah Siregar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dedi Irwansyah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kalkan R, Becer E. RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is an important for the epigenetic regulation of obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5425-5432. [PMID: 31364017 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder that is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is involved in development of obesity and its metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the RANKL and c-Fos gene methylation on obesity with body mass index (BMI), lipid parameters, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels. The study included 68 obese and 46 non-obese subjects. Anthropometric parameters, including body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio, were assessed. Serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plasma leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were measured. Methylation status of RANKL and c-Fos gen were evaluated by MS-HRM. Statistically significant differences were observed between obese patients and the controls with respect to RANKL and c-Fos gene methylation status (p < 0.001). Also, statistically significant importance was observed RANKL gene methylation and increased level of leptin in obese subjects (p = 0.0081). At the same time, statistically significant association between methylation of c-Fos and increased level of adiponectin was observed in obese patients (p = 0.03) On the other hand, decreased level of resistin was observed where the c-Fos was unmetyladed in controls (p = 0.01). We conclude that methylation of RANKL and c-Fos genes have significant influences on obesity and adipokine levels. Based on literature this was the first study which shows the interactions between RANKL and c-Fos methylation and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, ZIP. 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences (DESAM), Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lan YL, Lou JC, Lyu W, Zhang B. Update on the synergistic effect of HSL and insulin in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819877300. [PMID: 31565213 PMCID: PMC6755629 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819877300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the three lipases in adipose tissue present during periods of energy demand. HSL is tightly controlled by insulin regulation via the central and peripheral systems. The suppressive effects of insulin on HSL are also associated with complex crosstalk with other pathways in the metabolic network. Because impaired insulin action is the driving force behind the pathogenesis of diabetes and other metabolic complications, elucidation of the intricate relationships between HSL and insulin may provide an in-depth understanding of these pandemic diseases and potentially identify strategies to inhibit disease development. Insulin not only differentially regulates HSL isoform transcription but also post-transcriptionally affects HSL phosphorylation by stimulating PKA and endothelin (ET-1), and controls its expression indirectly via regulating the activity of growth hormone (GH). In addition, a rapid elevation of HSL levels was detected after insulin injection in patients, which suggests that the inhibitory effects of insulin on HSL can be overridden by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Conversely, individuals with hereditary HSL deficiency, and animals with experimental HSL deletion, showed major disruptions in mRNA/protein expression in insulin signaling pathways, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver. Notably, HSL inactivation could cause insulin-independent fatty liver, while insulin resistance induced by HSL deficiency may further aggravate disease progression. The common beliefs that HSL is the overall rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis and that insulin is an inhibitor of HSL have been challenged by recent discoveries; therefore, a renewed examination of their relationships is required. In this review, by analyzing current data related to the role of, and mutual regulation between, HSL and insulin and discussing unanswered questions and disparities in different lines of studies, the authors intend to shed light on our understanding of lipid metabolism and provide a rational basis for future research in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second
Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People’s
Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Z, Yu R, Xiong Y, Du F, Zhu S. A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:203. [PMID: 29037210 PMCID: PMC5644081 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of diseases, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipotoxicity, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation are involved in the disease process. Lipotoxicity promotes inflammation and IR, which in turn, increase adipocyte lipolysis and exacerbates lipotoxicity. Furthermore, IR and inflammation form a vicious circle, with each condition promoting the other and accelerating the development of NAFLD in the presence of lipotoxicity. As an integrator of inflammatory pathway networks, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) regulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as adiponectin in NAFLD. In this review, the relationships between lipotoxicity, IR and inflammation in NAFLD are discussed, with particular emphasis on the inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonge Chen
- Medical Center of The Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fangteng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Shuishan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai D, Wen F, Zhou S, Su Z, Liu G, Wang M, Zhou J, He F. Association of MTTP gene variants with pediatric NAFLD: A candidate-gene-based analysis of single nucleotide variations in obese children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185396. [PMID: 28953935 PMCID: PMC5617203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We used targeted next-generation sequencing to investigate whether genetic variants of lipid metabolism-related genes are associated with increased susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. Methods A cohort of 100 obese children aged 6 to 18 years were divided into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups and subjected to hepatic ultrasound, anthropometric, and biochemical analyses. We evaluated the association of genetic variants with NAFLD susceptibility by investigating the single nucleotide polymorphisms in each of 36 lipid-metabolism-related genes. The panel genes were assembled for target region sequencing. Correlations between single nucleotide variations, biochemical markers, and clinical phenotypes were analyzed. Results 97 variants in the 36 target genes per child were uncovered. Twenty-six variants in 16 genes were more prevalent in NAFLD subjects than in in-house controls. The mutation rate of MTTP rs2306986 and SLC6A2 rs3743788 was significantly higher in NAFLD subjects than in non-NAFLD subjects (OR: 3.879; P = 0.004; OR: 6.667, P = 0.005). Logistic regression analysis indicated the MTTP variant rs2306986 was an independent risk factor for NAFLD (OR: 23.468, P = 0.044). Conclusions The results of this study, examining a cohort of obese children, suggest that the genetic variation at MTTP rs2306986 was associated with higher susceptibility to NAFLD. This may contribute to the altered lipid metabolism by disruption of assembly and secretion of lipoprotein, leading to reducing fat export from the involved hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Dai
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (SZ)
| | - Shaoming Zhou
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (FW); (SZ)
| | - Zhe Su
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fusheng He
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitra S, Fernandez-Del-Valle M, Hill JE. The role of MRI in understanding the underlying mechanisms in obesity associated diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1115-1131. [PMID: 27639834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its possible association with diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been studied for decades for its impact on healthcare. Recent studies clearly indicate the need for developing accurate and reproducible methodologies for assessing body fat content and distribution. Body fat distribution plays a significant role in developing an insight in the underlying mechanisms in which adipose tissue is linked with various diseases. Among imaging technologies including computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), MRI and MRS seem to be the best emerging techniques and together are being considered as the gold standard for body fat content and distribution. This paper reviews studies up to the present time involving different methodologies of these two emerging technologies and presents the basic concepts of MRI and MRS with required novel image analysis techniques in accurate, quantitative, and direct assessment of body fat content and distribution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason E Hill
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mirhafez SR, Avan A, Pasdar A, Kazemi E, Ghasemi F, Tajbakhsh A, Tabaee S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of tumor necrosis factor-α promoter G-308A gene polymorphism with increased triglyceride level of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Gene 2015; 568:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
11
|
Chen L, Chen R, Wang H, Liang F. Mechanisms Linking Inflammation to Insulin Resistance. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:508409. [PMID: 26136779 PMCID: PMC4468292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now widespread around the world. Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation is responsible for the decrease of insulin sensitivity, which makes obesity a major risk factor for insulin resistance and related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromes. The state of low-grade inflammation is caused by overnutrition which leads to lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Obesity might increase the expression of some inflammatory cytokines and activate several signaling pathways, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signaling and action. It has been suggested that specific factors and signaling pathways are often correlated with each other; therefore, both of the fluctuation of cytokines and the status of relevant signaling pathways should be considered during studies analyzing inflammation-related insulin resistance. In this paper, we discuss how these factors and signaling pathways contribute to insulin resistance and the therapeutic promise targeting inflammation in insulin resistance based on the latest experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, China
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan 430061, China
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- *Fengxia Liang:
| |
Collapse
|