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Rajcsanyi LS, Zheng Y, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, de Zwaan M, Herzog W, Ehrlich S, Zipfel S, Giel K, Egberts K, Burghardt R, Föcker M, Antel J, Fischer-Posovszky P, Hebebrand J, Hinney A. Unexpected identification of obesity-associated mutations in LEP and MC4R genes in patients with anorexia nervosa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7067. [PMID: 38528040 PMCID: PMC10963783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations leading to a reduced or loss of function in genes of the leptin-melanocortin system confer a risk for monogenic forms of obesity. Yet, gain of function variants in the melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene predispose to a lower BMI. In individuals with reduced body weight, we thus expected mutations leading to an enhanced function in the respective genes, like leptin (LEP) and MC4R. Therefore, we have Sanger sequenced the coding regions of LEP and MC4R in 462 female patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and 445 healthy-lean controls. In total, we have observed four and eight variants in LEP and MC4R, respectively. Previous studies showed different functional in vitro effects for the detected frameshift and non-synonymous variants: (1) LEP: reduced/loss of function (p.Val94Met), (2) MC4R: gain of function (p.Val103Ile, p.Ile251Leu), reduced or loss of function (p.Thr112Met, p.Ser127Leu, p.Leu211fsX) and without functional in vitro data (p.Val50Leut). In LEP, the variant p.Val94Met was detected in one patient with AN. For MC4R variants, one patient with AN carried the frameshift variant p.Leu211fsX. One patient with AN was heterozygous for two variants at the MC4R (p.Val103Ile and p.Ser127Leu). All other functionally relevant variants were detected in similar frequencies in patients with AN and lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sophie Rajcsanyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Section for Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Institute of Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine II, General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence in Eating Disorders KOMET, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence in Eating Disorders KOMET, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Burghardt
- Oberberg Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Fasanenkiez, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
- LWL-University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Section for Molecular Genetics of Mental Disorders, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Ali AHA. The common gene MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism associated with obesity: A meta-analysis. HUMAN GENE 2022; 33:201035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humgen.2022.201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Differential Signaling Profiles of MC4R Mutations with Three Different Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041224. [PMID: 32059383 PMCID: PMC7072973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in hypothalamic weight regulation and energy expenditure as part of the leptin–melanocortin pathway. Mutations in this G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) are the most common cause for monogenetic obesity, which appears to be mediated by changes in the anorectic action of MC4R via GS-dependent cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling as well as other signaling pathways. To study potential bias in the effects of MC4R mutations between the different signaling pathways, we investigated three major MC4R mutations: a GS loss-of-function (S127L) and a GS gain-of-function mutant (H158R), as well as the most common European single nucleotide polymorphism (V103I). We tested signaling of all four major G protein families plus extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and β-arrestin2 recruitment, using the two endogenous agonists, α- and β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), along with a synthetic peptide agonist (NDP-α-MSH). The S127L mutation led to a full loss-of-function in all investigated pathways, whereas V103I and H158R were clearly biased towards the Gq/11 pathway when challenged with the endogenous ligands. These results show that MC4R mutations can cause vastly different changes in the various MC4R signaling pathways and highlight the importance of a comprehensive characterization of receptor mutations.
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Yu K, Li L, Zhang L, Guo L, Wang C. Association between MC4R rs17782313 genotype and obesity: A meta-analysis. Gene 2020; 733:144372. [PMID: 31954858 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a huge burden of the world. It is commonly recognized that dietary structure and physical inactivity is essential in the progress of obesity. However, some individuals still face the trouble of obese even though they live a healthy life. Except for the combination of diseases, the operation of both lifestyle and genetic features contributes to obesity. Melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene is one of the known hereditary factors of obesity. rs17782313, a single nucleotide variant in MC4R gene, has been reported unclear results in whether it plays a role in obesity. This meta-analysis is to estimate the association between MC4R rs17782313 genotype and obesity. METHOD A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library with specific search strategy. Select qualified studies to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), P value and I2 value were used to assess the strength of the association in meta-analysis and adjusted with ethnicity, quality and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) testing method. RESULT 6 eligible studies involving 3133 obese cases and 3123 normal-weight participants were selected from 378 articles. Allele B of MC4R rs17782313 present a statistically significant association with obesity under allele contrast model (OR = 1.325, 95%CI: 1.219-1.439), dominant model (OR = 1.320, 95%CI: 1.184-1.472), recessive model (OR = 1.690, 95%CI: 1.420-2.011) and homozygous type of co-dominant model (OR = 1.925, 95%CI: 1.590-2.330), respectively, and P < 0.05. CONCLUSION Mutated MC4R rs17782313 is associated with higher risk of obesity. People with homozygous mutant genotype of MC4R rs17782313 would be more likely to suffer from obesity, while heterozygous mutant genotype needs further studies to clarify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, PR China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, PR China
| | - Chengjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, PR China.
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Sharma M, Li Y, Stoll ML, Tollefsbol TO. The Epigenetic Connection Between the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes. Front Genet 2020; 10:1329. [PMID: 32010189 PMCID: PMC6974692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming an alarming health issue due to elevated incidences of these diseases over the past few decades. Various environmental factors are associated with a number of metabolic diseases and often play a crucial role in this process. Amongst the factors, diet is the most important factor that can regulate these diseases via modulation of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome participates in multiple metabolic processes in the human body and is mainly responsible for regulation of host metabolism. The alterations in function and composition of the gut microbiota have been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases via induction of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by noncoding RNAs. These induced epigenetic modifications can also be regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota including short-chain fatty acids, folates, biotin and trimethylamine-N-oxide. In addition, studies have elucidated the potential role of these microbial-produced metabolites in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. Hence, this review focuses on the interactions between the gut microbiome and epigenetic processes in the regulation and development of obesity and diabetes, which may have potential as a novel preventive or therapeutic approach for several metabolic and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Matthew L Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Morell-Azanza L, Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Giuranna J, Azcona-SanJulián MC, Hebebrand J, Marti A, Hinney A. Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Lipocalin 2 Gene Variants in Spanish Children with Abdominal Obesity: Effects on BMI-SDS After a Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:E960. [PMID: 31035493 PMCID: PMC6566731 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations leading to a reduced function of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) exert a major gene effect on extreme obesity. Recently it was shown that the bone derived hormone lipocalin 2 (LCN2) binds to the MC4R and activates a MC4R dependent anorexigenic pathway. We identified mutations in both genes and screened the effects of MC4R and LCN2 mutations on eating behavior and weight change after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twelve children (11.24 ± 2.6 years, BMI-SDS 2.91 ± 1.07) with abdominal obesity participated in a lifestyle intervention. MC4R and LCN2 coding regions were screened by Sanger sequencing. Eating behavior was assessed at baseline with the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). We detected three previously described non-synonymous MC4R variants (Glu42Lys, Thr150Ile, and Arg305Gln) and one non-synonymous polymorphism (Ile251Leu). Regarding LCN2, one known non-synonymous variant (Thr124Met) was detected. Eating behavior was described in carriers of the MC4R and LCN2 mutation and in non-carriers. MC4R and LCN2 mutations were detected in 2.42% and 0.84%, respectively, of Spanish children with abdominal obesity. A number of subjects with functional mutation variants in MC4R and LCN2 were able to achieve a reduction in BMI-SDS after a lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Morell-Azanza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008, Pamplona , Spain.
| | - Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008, Pamplona , Spain.
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, D-45147, Essen,Germany.
| | - Mª Cristina Azcona-SanJulián
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008, Pamplona , Spain.
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra,c/ Pío XII, 36. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, D-45147, Essen,Germany.
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008, Pamplona , Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, D-45147, Essen,Germany.
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Rovite V, Wolff-Sagi Y, Zaharenko L, Nikitina-Zake L, Grens E, Klovins J. Genome Database of the Latvian Population (LGDB): Design, Goals, and Primary Results. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:353-360. [PMID: 29576601 PMCID: PMC6048300 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Genome Database of the Latvian Population (LGDB) is a national biobank that collects, maintains, and processes health information, data, and biospecimens collected from representatives of the Latvian population. These specimens serve as a foundation for epidemiological research and prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. METHODS Participant recruitment and biomaterial and data processing were performed according to specifically designed standard protocols, taking into consideration international quality requirements. Legal and ethical aspects, including broad informed consent and personal data protection, were applied according to legal norms of the Republic of Latvia. RESULTS Since its start in 2006, the LGDB is comprised of biosamples and associated phenotypic and clinical information from over 31,504 participants, constituting approximately 1.5% of the Latvian population. The LGDB represents a mixed-design biobank and includes participants from the general population as well as disease-based cohorts. The standard set of biosamples stored in the LGDB consists of DNA, plasma, serum, and white blood cells; in some cohorts, these samples are complemented by cancer biopsies and microbiome and urine samples. The LGDB acts as a core structure for the Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC), representing the national node of Latvia in Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure - European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC). CONCLUSIONS The development of the LGDB has enabled resources for biomedical research and promoted genetic testing in Latvia. Further challenges of the LGDB are the enrichment and harmonization of collected biosamples and data, the follow-up of selected participant groups, and continued networking and participation in collaboration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
| | - Yael Wolff-Sagi
- National Program for Quality Indicators in Community Healthcare Braun School of Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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The impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in mothers and their children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:367-377. [PMID: 29299736 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy has been suggested to decrease the risk for obesity in women after delivery and to minimize excessive weight gain in their children. Epigenetic DNA methylation has been proposed to impact on gene activity, thereby providing a plausible molecular mechanism for a broad range of biological processes and diseases. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplementation during pregnancy could modify the DNA methylation status of the promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes in mothers and their children. METHODS A sample of 15 pregnant women was taken from a prospective, randomized mother and infant nutrition and probiotic study. Seven women received the probiotic supplementation and eight served as controls. The women's and their children's DNA methylation status of obesity (623 genes) and weight gain-related (433) gene promoters were analyzed from blood samples at the mean of 9.8 months (range 6.1-12.7 months) postpartum. RESULTS Probiotic supplementation led to significantly decreased levels of DNA methylation in 37 gene promoters and increased levels of DNA methylation in one gene promoter in women. In their children, 68 gene promoters were significantly affected consistently with a lower level of DNA methylation in the probiotic group. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our pilot study, we suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may affect the DNA methylation status of certain promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes both in mothers and their children, thereby providing a potential mechanism for long-lasting health effects.
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Abstract
The heritability of obesity has long been appreciated and the genetics of obesity has been the focus of intensive study for decades. Early studies elucidating genetic factors involved in rare monogenic and syndromic forms of extreme obesity focused attention on dysfunction of hypothalamic leptin-related pathways in the control of food intake as a major contributor. Subsequent genome-wide association studies of common genetic variants identified novel loci that are involved in more common forms of obesity across populations of diverse ethnicities and ages. The subsequent search for factors contributing to the heritability of obesity not explained by these 2 approaches ("missing heritability") has revealed additional rare variants, copy number variants, and epigenetic changes that contribute. Although clinical applications of these findings have been limited to date, the increasing understanding of the interplay of these genetic factors with environmental conditions, such as the increased availability of high calorie foods and decreased energy expenditure of sedentary lifestyles, promises to accelerate the translation of genetic findings into more successful preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Waalen
- The Scripps Research Institute and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California.
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Park J, Sharma N, Cutting GR. Melanocortin 3 receptor has a 5' exon that directs translation of apically localized protein from the second in-frame ATG. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1547-57. [PMID: 25051171 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a canonical MSH receptor that plays an essential role in energy homeostasis. Variants in MC3R have been implicated in obesity in humans and mice. However, interpretation of the functional consequences of these variants is challenging because the translational start site of MC3R is unclear. Using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we discovered a novel upstream exon that extends the length of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) in MC3R without changing the open-reading frame. The full-length 5' UTR directs utilization of an evolutionarily conserved second in-frame ATG as the primary translation start site. MC3R synthesized from the second ATG is localized to apical membranes of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, consistent with its function as a cell surface mediator of melanocortin signaling. Expression of MC3R causes relocalization of melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, an accessory factor for melanocortin-2 receptor, to the apical membrane, coincident with the location of MC3R. In contrast, protein synthesized from MC3R cDNAs lacking the 5' UTR displayed diffuse cytosolic distribution and has no effect on the distribution of melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2. Our findings demonstrate that a previously unannotated 5' exon directs translation of MC3R protein that localizes to apical membranes of polarized cells. Together, our work provides insight on the structure of human MC3R and reveals a new pathway for regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeenah Park
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (J.P., N.S., G.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; and Department of Pediatrics (G.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-3914
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Han L, Tang L, Wang C, Chen Z, Zhang T, Chen S, Liu S, Peng X, Mai Y, Duan S. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene rs11642015 polymorphism is significantly associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes subsequent to adjustment for body mass index. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:681-686. [PMID: 25054011 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs11642015 polymorphism with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity in certain populations has not been previously reported. A population-based study was conducted that included 490 type 2 diabetic, 471 prediabetic and 575 normal subjects. The main outcomes of the study were prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of FTO rs11642015 with the risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity following adjustment for the corresponding confounders. A meta-analysis was also conducted to evaluate the association between FTO rs11642015 and obesity. FTO rs11642015 was significantly associated with prediabetes in the whole sample under the additive model [odds ratio (OR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17-1.93; P=0.002], particularly in females. The polymorphism remained consistently significant following adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), showing an increased prediabetes risk with an additive effect (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.19-2.01; P=0.001). In addition, a significant association was found for rs11642015 with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes under the dominant model. However, under the stringent Bonferroni's correction there was no evidence of positive associations for FTO rs11642015 with obesity in the whole sample, females or males. Findings of the meta-analysis showed that FTO rs11642015 was not predisposed to obesity. In conclusion, the T allele of FTO rs11642015 is positively associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, even after adjustment for age and BMI, particularly in females. Subjects carrying the CT + TT genotype are predisposed to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, results of the population-based study and follow-up meta-analysis suggested that FTO rs11642015 is not significantly associated with susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Mai
- The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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