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Masoumi N, Ghollasi M, Raheleh Halabian, Eftekhari E, Ghiasi M. Carbachol, along with calcium, indicates new strategy in neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Regen Ther 2023; 23:60-66. [PMID: 37122359 PMCID: PMC10130343 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, stem cells have represented a promising treatment in neurological disorders due to the well-defined characteristics of their capability to proliferate and differentiate into any cell type, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, previous studies have shown that calcium signaling modulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The present study investigated the effect of carbachol (CCh), a cholinergic agonist activating acetylcholine receptors, with and without calcium, on the neural differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in neural media, including forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine and retinoic acid. METHODS For this purpose, first, the MTT assay and acridine orange staining were studied to obtain the optimal concentration of CCh. Next, the differentiation tests, such as cellular calcium assay as well as evaluation of qualitative and quantitative expression of neuronal index markers through immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis, respectively, were performed on days 7 and 14 of the differentiation period. RESULTS According to the results, CCh at 1 μM concentration had no cytotoxicity on hADSCs and also induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, CCh with and without calcium increased the expression of neural-specific genes (NSE, MAP2, β-III-tubulin, and MAPK3) and proteins (γ-enolase, MAP2, and β-III-tubulin) as well as the amount of calcium in differentiated hADSCs at 7 and 14 days after induction. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings suggest that CCh acts as an influential therapeutic factor in the field of neural regenerative medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Masoumi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Modeling Movement Disorders via Generation of hiPSC-Derived Motor Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233796. [PMID: 36497056 PMCID: PMC9737271 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of motor neurons (MNs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) overcomes the limited access to human brain tissues and provides an unprecedent approach for modeling MN-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent progression in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of MN differentiation and their applications in the generation of MNs from hiPSCs, with a particular focus on two approaches: induction by small molecules and induction by lentiviral delivery of transcription factors. At each induction stage, different culture media and supplements, typical growth conditions and cellular morphology, and specific markers for validation of cell identity and quality control are specifically discussed. Both approaches can generate functional MNs. Currently, the major challenges in modeling neurological diseases using iPSC-derived neurons are: obtaining neurons with high purity and yield; long-term neuron culture to reach full maturation; and how to culture neurons more physiologically to maximize relevance to in vivo conditions.
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Costamagna D, Casters V, Beltrà M, Sampaolesi M, Van Campenhout A, Ortibus E, Desloovere K, Duelen R. Autologous iPSC-Derived Human Neuromuscular Junction to Model the Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2022; 11:3351. [PMID: 36359747 PMCID: PMC9655384 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness resulting from retrograde axonal degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Here, we generated in vitro human neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from five HSP patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, by means of microfluidic strategy, to model disease-relevant neuropathologic processes. The strength of our NMJ model lies in the generation of lower MNs and myotubes from autologous hiPSC origin, maintaining the genetic background of the HSP patient donors in both cell types and in the cellular organization due to the microfluidic devices. Three patients characterized by a mutation in the SPG3a gene, encoding the ATLASTIN GTPase 1 protein, and two patients with a mutation in the SPG4 gene, encoding the SPASTIN protein, were included in this study. Differentiation of the HSP-derived lines gave rise to lower MNs that could recapitulate pathological hallmarks, such as axonal swellings with accumulation of Acetyl-α-TUBULIN and reduction of SPASTIN levels. Furthermore, NMJs from HSP-derived lines were lower in number and in contact point complexity, denoting an impaired NMJ profile, also confirmed by some alterations in genes encoding for proteins associated with microtubules and responsible for axonal transport. Considering the complexity of HSP, these patient-derived neuronal and skeletal muscle cell co-cultures offer unique tools to study the pathologic mechanisms and explore novel treatment options for rescuing axonal defects and diverse cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility and protein degradation in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Costamagna
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Casters
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mohammadalizadeh M, Dabirian S, Akrami M, Hesari Z. SPION based magnetic PLGA nanofibers for neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:375101. [PMID: 35623211 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, magnetic platforms have been widely investigated in diagnostic, therapeutic and research applications due to certain properties, such as cell and tissue tracking and imaging, thermal therapy and being dirigible. In this study, the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in nanofibers has been proposed to combine the advantages of both nanofibers and MNPs to induce neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Magnetic poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers (containing 0%, 5% and 10% SPION) were fabricated and utilized as the matrix for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Morphological, magnetic and mechanical properties were analyzed using FESEM, VSM and tensile test, respectively. The expression of neural markers (TUJ-1, NSE, MAP-2) was assessed quantitative and qualitatively utilizing RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results confirmed the incorporation of MNPs in nanofibrous scaffold, presenting a saturation magnetization of 9.73 emu g-1. Also, with increase in magnetic particle concentration (0%-10%), tensile strength increased from 4.08 to 5.85 MPa, whereas the percentage of elongation decreased. TUJ-1 expression was 3.8 and 1.8 fold for 10% and 5% magnetic scaffold (versus non-magnetic scaffold) respectively, and the expression of NSE was 6.3 and 1.2-fold for 10% and 5%, respectively. Consequently, it seems that incorporation of magnetic biomaterial can promote the neural differentiation of MSCs, during which the augmentation of super paramagnetic iron oxide concentration from 0% to 10% accelerates the neural differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mohammadalizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Dabirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Moazamiyanfar R, Halabian R, Ghollasi M, Poormoghadam D, Entezari M, Endorami SE. Neural Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSc) on Surface-Modified Nanofibrous Scaffolds Coated with Platelet-Rich Plasma. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1991-2001. [PMID: 35359243 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering exploits living cells in a variety of ways to restore, maintain, or enhance tissues and organs. Between stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are very important due to their wide abilities. Growth factors can support proliferation, differentiation, and migration of hiPSCs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could be used as the source of growth factors for hiPSCs. In the present study, proliferation and neural differentiation of hiPSCs on surface-modified nanofibrous Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) coated with platelet-rich plasma was investigated. The results of in vitro analysis showed that on the surface, which was modified nanofibrous scaffolds coated with platelet-rich plasma, significantly enhanced hiPSCs proliferation and neural differentiation were observed. Whereas the MTT ([3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide]) results showed biocompatibility of surface-modified nanofibrous scaffolds coated with platelet-rich plasma and the usage of these modified nanoscaffolds in neural tissue engineering in vivo is promising for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Moazamiyanfar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Delaram Poormoghadam
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Endorami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Cutarelli A, Martínez-Rojas VA, Tata A, Battistella I, Rossi D, Arosio D, Musio C, Conti L. A Monolayer System for the Efficient Generation of Motor Neuron Progenitors and Functional Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051127. [PMID: 34066970 PMCID: PMC8151197 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the conversion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into motor neurons (MNs) have opened to the generation of patient-derived in vitro systems that can be exploited for MN disease modelling. However, the lack of simplified and consistent protocols and the fact that hiPSC-derived MNs are often functionally immature yet limit the opportunity to fully take advantage of this technology, especially in research aimed at revealing the disease phenotypes that are manifested in functionally mature cells. In this study, we present a robust, optimized monolayer procedure to rapidly convert hiPSCs into enriched populations of motor neuron progenitor cells (MNPCs) that can be further amplified to produce a large number of cells to cover many experimental needs. These MNPCs can be efficiently differentiated towards mature MNs exhibiting functional electrical and pharmacological neuronal properties. Finally, we report that MN cultures can be long-term maintained, thus offering the opportunity to study degenerative phenomena associated with pathologies involving MNs and their functional, networked activity. These results indicate that our optimized procedure enables the efficient and robust generation of large quantities of MNPCs and functional MNs, providing a valid tool for MNs disease modelling and for drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cutarelli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Vladimir A. Martínez-Rojas
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alice Tata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingrid Battistella
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Musio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-285216
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Nisin and non-essential amino acids: new perspective in differentiation of neural progenitors from human-induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1142-1152. [PMID: 33899160 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a promising approach towards various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells show the capability to differentiate into neuronal progenitor cells in vitro. In the present study, the differentiation potential of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into neural lineages was examined under the efficient induction media containing forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) in the presence of nisin (Ni), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and combination of those (NEAA-Ni) in vitro. The optimum concentrations of these factors were obtained by MTT assay and acridine orange (AO) staining. The effect of Ni and NEAA on the expression rate of neural-specific markers including NSE, MAP2, and ß-tubulin III was studied via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time RT-PCR analyses. Our results indicated that the induction medium containing Ni or NEAA increased the gene and protein expression of NSE, MAP2, and β-tubulin III on the 14th differentiation day. On the other hand, NEAA-Ni showed a less-differentiated hiPSCs compared to Ni and NEAA alone. In conclusion, the obtained results illustrated that Ni and NEAA could be applied as effective factors for neural differentiation of hiPSCs in the future.
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Babaie A, Bakhshandeh B, Abedi A, Mohammadnejad J, Shabani I, Ardeshirylajimi A, Reza Moosavi S, Amini J, Tayebi L. Synergistic effects of conductive PVA/PEDOT electrospun scaffolds and electrical stimulation for more effective neural tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen X, Ye K, Yu J, Gao J, Zhang L, Ji X, Chen T, Wang H, Dai Y, Tang B, Xu H, Sun X, Hu J. Regeneration of sciatic nerves by transplanted microvesicles of human neural stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:233-248. [PMID: 32052220 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Injured nerves cannot regenerate on their own, and a lack of engraftable human nerves has been a major obstacle in cell-based therapies for regenerating damaged nerves. A monolayer culture approach to obtain adherent neural stem cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-NSCs) was established, and the greatest number of stemness characteristics were achieved by the eighth generation of hESC-NSCs (P8 hESC-NSCs). To overcome deficits in cell therapy, we used microvesicles secreted from P8 hESC-NSCs (hESC-NSC-MVs) instead of entire hESC-NSCs. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of hESC-NSC-MVs in vitro, hESC-NSC-MVs were cocultured with dorsal root ganglia to determine the length of axons. In vivo, we transected the sciatic nerve in SD rats and created a 5-mm gap. A sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a silicone tube filled with hESC-NSC-MVs (45 μg) in the MVs group, P8 hESC-NSCs (1 × 106 single cells) in the cell group and PBS in the control group. The hESC-NSC-MVs group showed better morphological recovery and a significantly greater number of regenerated axons than the hESC-NSCs group 12 weeks after nerve injury. These results indicated that the hESC-NSC-MVs group had the greatest ability to repair and reconstruct nerve structure and function. As a result, hESC-NSC-MVs may have potential for applications in the field of nerve regenerative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianyi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianyan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Cytokines Induce Monkey Neural Stem Cell Differentiation through Notch Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1308526. [PMID: 32509845 PMCID: PMC7244951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1308526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has a limited ability to renew the damaged cells after a brain or spinal cord injury whether it is nonhuman primates like monkeys or humans. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a potential therapy for CNS injuries due to their pluripotency and differentiation abilities. Cytokines play an important role in CNS development and repair of CNS injuries. However, the detailed cytokine signaling response in monkey neural stem cells is rarely studied. In our previous research, we isolated NSCs from the adult monkey brain and found the effects of cytokines on monkey NSCs. Now, we further analyzed the regulation mechanisms of cytokines to the proliferation of monkey NSCs such as bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), BMP4/leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or retinoic acid (RA)/Forskolin. The data showed that BMP4 inhibited cell proliferation to arrest, but it did not affect the stemness of NSCs. BMP4/LIF promoted the astrocyte-like differentiation of monkey NSCs, and RA/forskolin induced the neuronal differentiation of monkey NSCs. BMP4/LIF and RA/forskolin induced monkey NSC differentiation by regulating Notch signaling. These results provide some theoretical evidence for NSC therapy to brain or spinal cord injury in regenerative medicine.
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Li Y, Mao X, Zhou X, Su Y, Zhou X, Shi K, Zhao S. An optimized method for neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 330:108486. [PMID: 31706928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is an excellent model for elucidating the key mechanisms involved in neurogenesis, and also provides an unlimited source of progenitors for cell-based nerve regeneration. However, the existing protocols such as small molecule substances, 3D matrix, co-culture technique and transgenic method, are complicated and difficult to operate, thus are limited by laboratory conditions. Looking for an easy-to-operate protocol with easily gained material and high induction efficiency has always been a hot issue in neuroscience research. NEW METHODS This paper established an optimized method for embryonic neurogenesis using a strategy of "combinatorial screening". In our study, the whole process of embryonic neurogenesis was divided into two phases, and the differentiation efficiency of seven experimental protocols in phase I and three protocols in phase II were systematically evaluated in A2lox and 129 ESCs. RESULTS In phase I differentiation, "2-day embryoid bodies formation + 6-day retinoic acid induction" (Phase I-protocol 3) could effectively induce the differentiation of ESCs into neural precursor cells (NPCs). Furthermore, in phase II, N2B27 medium II (Phase II-protocol 3) could better support the subsequent differentiation from NPCs into neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Such a combinational method (phase I-protocol 3 and phase II-protocol 3) can realize embryonic neurogenesis with high efficiency, easy implementation and low-cost, and is suitable for promotion in most laboratories. CONCLUSIONS Through "combinatorial screening" strategy, we established an optimized method for embryonic neurogenesis in vitro, which is expected to be a powerful tool for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Wuhan Centres for Disease Prevention and Control, 24# Jianghan N. Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, PR China
| | - Xianyi Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Yuting Su
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Kaituo Shi
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, PR China.
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12
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Norouz F, Halabian R, Salimi A, Ghollasi M. A new nanocomposite scaffold based on polyurethane and clay nanoplates for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Dehqan Niri A, Karimi Zarchi AA, Ghadiri Harati P, Salimi A, Mujokoro B. Tissue engineering scaffolds in the treatment of brain disorders in geriatric patients. Artif Organs 2019; 43:947-960. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Dehqan Niri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Parisa Ghadiri Harati
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Basil Mujokoro
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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14
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Trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improve motor symptoms of parkinsonian rat model. Biologicals 2019; 61:61-67. [PMID: 31262640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effects of Trabecular Meshwork Mesenchymal Stem Cells (TM-MSCs) transplantation, as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells, were evaluated in the animal model of PD. After the development and confirmation of hemi-parkinsonian rats by administration of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) and apomorphine-induced rotation test, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled TM-MSCs (normal and induced cells) were transplanted in the striatum of rats. Next, the rotation test, rotarod test, open field, passive avoidance memory tests and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were done. The results showed that the number of turns significantly decreased and the improvement of motor performance was achieved after cell transplantation. However, there was no significant difference in passive avoidance memory of animals documented by shuttle box test. The number of GFP- labeled cells expressing TH significantly is increased compared to the vehicle group. Collectively, it seems that TM-MSCs and induced TM-MSCs cell transplantation have positive effects on some aspects of the animal model of PD. Other studies may reveal the potentially positive aspects of these cells in the laboratory and clinical studies.
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15
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Reference Gene Validation via RT-qPCR for Human iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Neural Progenitors. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6820-6832. [PMID: 30927132 PMCID: PMC6728297 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Correct selection of the reference gene(s) is the most important step in gene expression analysis. The aims of this study were to identify and evaluate the panel of possible reference genes in neural stem cells (NSC), early neural progenitors (eNP) and neural progenitors (NP) obtained from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). The stability of expression of genes commonly used as the reference in cells during neural differentiation is variable and does not meet the criteria for reference genes. In the present work, we evaluated the stability of expression of 16 candidate reference genes using the four most popular algorithms: the ΔCt method, BestKeeper, geNorm and NormFinder. All data were analysed using the online tool RefFinder to obtain a comprehensive ranking. Our results indicate that NormFinder is the best tool for reference gene selection in early stages of hiPSC neural differentiation. None of the 16 tested genes is suitable as reference gene for all three stages of development. We recommend using different genes (panel of genes) to normalise RT–qPCR data for each of the neural differentiation stages.
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16
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Rahmani A, Nadri S, Kazemi HS, Mortazavi Y, Sojoodi M. Conductive electrospun scaffolds with electrical stimulation for neural differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells. Artif Organs 2019; 43:780-790. [PMID: 30674064 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrical stimulus is a new approach to neural differentiation of stem cells. In this work, the neural differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells (CJMSCs) on a new 3D conductive fibrous scaffold of silk fibroin (SF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGo) were examined. rGo (3.5% w/w) was dispersed in SF-acid formic solution (10% w/v) and conductive nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning method. SEM and TEM microscopies were used for fibrous scaffold characterization. CJMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and 2 electrical impulse models (Current 1:115 V/m, 100-Hz frequency and current 2:115 v/m voltages, 0.1-Hz frequency) were applied for 7 days. Also, the effect of the fibrous scaffold and electrical impulses on cell viability and neural gene expression were examined using MTT assay and qPCR analysis. Fibrous scaffold with the 220 ± 20 nm diameter and good dispersion of graphene nanosheets at the surface of nanofibers were fabricated. The MTT result showed the viability of cells on the scaffold, with current 2 lower than current 1. qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression of β-tubulin (2.4-fold P ≤ 0.026), MAP-2 (1.48-fold; P ≤ 0.03), and nestin (1.5-fold; P ≤ 0.03) genes were higher in CJMSCs on conductive scaffold with 100-Hz frequency compared to 0.1-Hz frequency. Collectively, we proposed that SF-rGo fibrous scaffolds, as a new conductive fibrous scaffold with electrical stimulation are good strategies for neural differentiation of stem cells and the type of electrical pulses has an influence on neural differentiation and proliferation of CJMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahmani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Sayed Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sojoodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mirzaei A, Saburi E, Islami M, Ardeshirylajimi A, Omrani MD, Taheri M, Moghadam AS, Ghafouri-Fard S. Bladder smooth muscle cell differentiation of the human induced pluripotent stem cells on electrospun Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanofibrous structure. Gene 2019; 694:26-32. [PMID: 30735717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) regeneration plays an important role in retrieving the bladder-wall functionality and it can be achieved by a proper cell-co-polymer constructed by tissue engineering. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can be specifically prepared for the patient, was considered as cells in this study, and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a most interesting polymer in biomedical applications was applied to the scaffold fabrication by electrospinning. After scaffold characterization, SMC differentiation potential of the human iPSCs was investigated while cultured on the PLGA nanofibrous scaffold by evaluation of the SMC related important gene and protein markers. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), Smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM-22a) as two early SMC markers were significantly up regulated either two and three weeks after differentiation induction in human iPSCs cultured on PLGA compared to those cells cultured on the tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). But Calponin-1, Caldesmon1 and myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression differences in human iPSCs cultured on PLGA and TCPS were significant only three weeks after differentiation induction based on its lately expression in the differentiation process. ASMA and MHC proteins were also considered for evaluation by immunocytochemistry on differentiated iPSCs whereas results showed higher expression of these proteins in stem cells grown on PLGA compared to the TCPS. According to the results, human iPSCs demonstrated a great SMC differentiation potential when grown on PLGA and it could be considered as a promising cell-co-polymer for use in bladder tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirzaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Immunogenetics and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Islami
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shapouri Moghadam
- Bu-Ali Research Institute, Department of Immunogenetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Comparison between Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles with Either Surface-Adsorbed or Encapsulated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on the Neural Differentiation of iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010182. [PMID: 30621332 PMCID: PMC6337453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is vital in the neural differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells, and together may have therapeutic potential for neural regeneration. In this study, a multiplexed polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (PBCA NP) delivery platform was constructed, incorporating either surface-adsorbed or encapsulated BDNF for the induction of neural differentiation in induced pleuripotent stem cells (iPSCs), where tween 80 (T80) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) were added for central nervous system (CNS) targeting and magnetic resonance (MR) image tracking, respectively. Both methods by which the BDNF was carried resulted in loading efficiencies greater than 95%. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of BDNF resulted in neural differentiation of iPSCs detected on immunofluorescence staining as early as 7 days, with enhanced differentiation efficiency by 1.3-fold compared to the control on flow cytometry; the delivery system of surface-adsorbed BDNF gave rise to cells that had the best neural development than the encapsulated formulation. T80-coating disrupted the in vitro blood–brain barrier model with a corresponding 1.5- to two-fold increase in permeability. SPIO-loaded PBCA NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent, rapid decay in signal intensity on the phantom MR experiment. This study demonstrates the versatility of the PBCA NP, and the surface-adsorption of BDNF is the preferred method of delivery for the differentiation of iPSCs.
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19
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Hosseini FS, Soleimanifar F, Aidun A, Enderami SE, Saburi E, Marzouni HZ, Khani MM, Khojasteh A, Ardeshirylajimi A. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) improved osteogenic differentiation of the human induced pluripotent stem cells while considered as an artificial extracellular matrix. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11537-11544. [PMID: 30478907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocell polymers can be the best implants for replacing bone defects in patients. The pluripotent stem cells produced from the patient and the nanofibrous polymeric scaffold that can be completely degraded in the body and its produced monomers could be also usable are the best options for this implant. In this study, electrospun poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers were fabricated and characterized and then osteogenic differentiation of the human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was investigated while cultured on PHBV scaffold. MTT results showed that cultured iPSCs on PHBV proliferation were increased compared to those cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as the control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were also significantly increased in iPSCs cultured on PHBV compared to the cultured on TCPS under osteogenic medium. Gene expression evaluation demonstrated that Runx2, collagen type I, ALP, osteonectin, and osteocalcin were upregulated in iPSCs cultured on PHBV scaffold in comparison with those cultured on TCPS for 2 weeks. Western blot analysis have shown that osteocalcin and osteopontin expression as two major osteogenic markers were increased in iPSCs cultured on PHBV scaffold. According to the results, nanofiber-based PHBV has a promising potential to increase osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells and iPSCs-PHBV as a cell-co-polymer construct demonstrated that has a great efficiency for use as a bone tissue engineered bioimplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Dietary supplements and probiotic research center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Aidun
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Tissues and Biomaterials Research Group (TBRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Enderami
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hasan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Bianchi F, Malboubi M, Li Y, George JH, Jerusalem A, Szele F, Thompson MS, Ye H. Rapid and efficient differentiation of functional motor neurons from human iPSC for neural injury modelling. Stem Cell Res 2018; 32:126-134. [PMID: 30278374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary rodent neurons and immortalised cell lines have overwhelmingly been used for in vitro studies of traumatic injury to peripheral and central neurons, but have some limitations of physiological accuracy. Motor neurons (MN) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enable the generation of cell models with features relevant to human physiology. To facilitate this, it is desirable that MN protocols both rapidly and efficiently differentiate human iPSCs into electrophysiologically active MNs. In this study, we present a simple, rapid protocol for differentiation of human iPSCs into functional spinal (lower) MNs, involving only adherent culture and use of small molecules for directed differentiation, with the ultimate aim of rapid production of electrophysiologically functional cells for short-term neural injury experiments. We show successful differentiation in two unrelated iPSC lines, by quantifying neural-specific marker expression, and by evaluating cell functionality at different maturation stages by calcium imaging and patch clamping. Differentiated neurons were shown to be electrophysiologically altered by uniaxial mechanical deformation. Spontaneous network activity decreased with applied stretch, indicating aberrant network connectivity. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this rapid, simple protocol for differentiating iPSC-derived MNs, suitable for in vitro neural injury studies focussing on electrophysiological alterations caused by mechanical deformation or trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bianchi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yichen Li
- Department Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Julian H George
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Antoine Jerusalem
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Francis Szele
- Department Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Mark S Thompson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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21
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Nadadhur AG, Leferink PS, Holmes D, Hinz L, Cornelissen-Steijger P, Gasparotto L, Heine VM. Patterning factors during neural progenitor induction determine regional identity and differentiation potential in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2018; 32:25-34. [PMID: 30172094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural tube consists of neural progenitors (NPs) that acquire different characteristics during gestation due to patterning factors. However, the influence of such patterning factors on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) during in vitro neural differentiation is often unclear. This study compared neural induction protocols involving in vitro patterning with single SMAD inhibition (SSI), retinoic acid (RA) administration and dual SMAD inhibition (DSI). While the derived NP cells expressed known NP markers, they differed in their NP expression profile and differentiation potential. Cortical neuronal cells generated from 1) SSI NPs exhibited less mature neuronal phenotypes, 2) RA NPs exhibited an increased GABAergic phenotype, and 3) DSI NPs exhibited greater expression of glutamatergic lineage markers. Further, although all NPs generated astrocytes, astrocytes derived from the RA-induced NPs had the highest GFAP expression. Differences between NP populations included differential expression of regional identity markers HOXB4, LBX1, OTX1 and GSX2, which persisted into mature neural cell stages. This study suggests that patterning factors regulate how potential NPs may differentiate into specific neuronal and glial cell types in vitro. This challenges the utility of generic neural induction procedures, while highlighting the importance of carefully selecting specific NP protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya G Nadadhur
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Prisca S Leferink
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dwayne Holmes
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Hinz
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paulien Cornelissen-Steijger
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Gasparotto
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Grochowski C, Radzikowska E, Maciejewski R. Neural stem cell therapy-Brief review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 173:8-14. [PMID: 30053745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian neural stem cells are unique because of their properties, such as differentiation capacity, self-renewal, quiescence, and also because they exist in specific niches, which are the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) - the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. SVZ is situated along the ependymal cell layer, dividing the ventricular area and subventricular zone. There are several sources of neural stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells, human fetal brain-derived neural stem/progenitor cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells, direct reprogrammed astrocytes. Stem cell sciences are a promising tool for research purposes as well as therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells appear to be very useful for human neuron studies, allowing the creation of defined neuron populations, particularly for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as ischemic events. Neural stem cell sciences have a promising future in terms of stem cell therapy as well as research. There is, however, still a great need for further research to overcome obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Doktora Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400, Lublin, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the MSWiA in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Doktora Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
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23
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to the entire nervous system. Animal models suggest that defects in NSC proliferation and differentiation contribute to several brain disorders (e.g., microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, and Huntington's disease). However, animal models of such diseases do not fully recapitulate all disease-related phenotypes because of substantial differences in brain development between rodents and humans. Therefore, additional human-based evidence is required to understand the mechanisms that are involved in the development of neurological diseases that result from human NSC (hNSC) dysfunction. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells provide a new model to investigate the contribution of hNSCs to various neurological pathologies. In this chapter, we review the role of hNSCs in both neurodevelopment- and neurodegeneration-related human brain pathologies, with an emphasis on recent evidence that has been obtained using embryonic stem cell- or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hNSCs and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Liszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells on polycaprolactone/gelatin bi-electrospun nanofibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1195-1202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Neuronal Models for the Study of Autophagy Pathways in Human Neurodegenerative Disease. Cells 2017; 6:cells6030024. [PMID: 28800101 PMCID: PMC5617970 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable tools for research into the causes of diverse human diseases, and have enormous potential in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. Our ability to reprogramme patient cells to become hiPSCs, and to subsequently direct their differentiation towards those classes of neurons that are vulnerable to stress, is revealing how genetic mutations cause changes at the molecular level that drive the complex pathogeneses of human neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy dysregulation is considered to be a major contributor in neural decline during the onset and progression of many human neurodegenerative diseases, meaning that a better understanding of the control of non-selective and selective autophagy pathways (including mitophagy) in disease-affected classes of neurons is needed. To achieve this, it is essential that the methodologies commonly used to study autophagy regulation under basal and stressed conditions in standard cell-line models are accurately applied when using hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures. Here, we discuss the roles and control of autophagy in human stem cells, and how autophagy contributes to neural differentiation in vitro. We also describe how autophagy-monitoring tools can be applied to hiPSC-derived neurons for the study of human neurodegenerative disease in vitro.
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26
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Baranek M, Belter A, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ, Stobiecki M, Markiewicz WT, Barciszewski J. Effect of small molecules on cell reprogramming. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:277-313. [PMID: 27918060 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with alive and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are able to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body which makes them a potent substantial player in regenerative medicine. The easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells may allow obtaining and cultivating tissues in vitro. Reprogramming refers to regression of mature cells to its initial pluripotent state. One of the approaches affecting pluripotency is the usage of low molecular mass compounds that can modulate enzymes and receptors leading to the formation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It would be great to assess the general character of such compounds and reveal their new derivatives or modifications to increase the cell reprogramming efficiency. Many improvements in the methods of pluripotency induction have been made by various groups in order to limit the immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, increase the efficiency and accelerate the kinetics. Understanding the epigenetic changes during the cellular reprogramming process will extend the comprehension of stem cell biology and lead to potential therapeutic approaches. There are compounds which have been already proven to be or for now only putative inducers of the pluripotent state that may substitute for the classic reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in order to improve the time and efficiency of pluripotency induction. The effect of small molecules on gene expression is dosage-dependent and their application concentration needs to be strictly determined. In this review we analysed the role of small molecules in modulations leading to pluripotency induction, thereby contributing to our understanding of stem cell biology and uncovering the major mechanisms involved in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baranek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Belter
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Z Naskręt-Barciszewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - W T Markiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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27
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Cell culture chamber with gas supply for prolonged recording of human neuronal cells on microelectrode array. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 280:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Alloisio S, Garbati P, Viti F, Dante S, Barbieri R, Arnaldi G, Petrelli A, Gigoni A, Giannoni P, Quarto R, Nobile M, Vassalli M, Pagano A. Generation of a Functional Human Neural Network by NDM29 Overexpression in Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6097-6106. [PMID: 27699601 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in life sciences suggest that human and rodent cell responses to stimuli might differ significantly. In this context, the results achieved in neurotoxicology and biomedical research practices using neural networks obtained from mouse or rat primary culture of neurons would benefit of the parallel evaluation of the same parameters using fully differentiated neurons with a human genetic background, thus emphasizing the current need of neuronal cells with human origin. In this work, we developed a human functionally active neural network derived by human neuroblastoma cancer cells genetically engineered to overexpress NDM29, a non-coding RNA whose increased synthesis causes the differentiation toward a neuronal phenotype. These cells are here analyzed accurately showing functional and morphological traits of neurons such as the expression of neuron-specific proteins and the possibility to generate the expected neuronal current traces and action potentials. Their morphometrical analysis is carried out by quantitative phase microscopy showing soma and axon sizes compatible with those of functional neurons. The ability of these cells to connect autonomously forming physical junctions recapitulates that of hippocampal neurons, as resulting by connect-ability test. Lastly, these cells self-organize in neural networks able to produce spontaneous firing, in which spikes can be clustered in bursts. Altogether, these results show that the neural network obtained by NDM29-dependent differentiation of neuroblastoma cells is a suitable tool for biomedical research practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, via Sestri 37, 16154, Genoa, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Viti
- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Arnaldi
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Arianna Gigoni
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Nobile
- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy. .,Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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29
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Transcriptomic signatures of neuronal differentiation and their association with risk genes for autism spectrum and related neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e864. [PMID: 27483382 PMCID: PMC5022076 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are also implicated in fragile X syndrome (FXS), intellectual disabilities (ID) or schizophrenia (SCZ), and converge on neuronal function and differentiation. The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the most widely used system to study neurodevelopment, is currently discussed for its applicability to model cortical development. We implemented an optimal neuronal differentiation protocol of this system and evaluated neurodevelopment at the transcriptomic level using the CoNTeXT framework, a machine-learning algorithm based on human post-mortem brain data estimating developmental stage and regional identity of transcriptomic signatures. Our improved model in contrast to currently used SH-SY5Y models does capture early neurodevelopmental processes with high fidelity. We applied regression modelling, dynamic time warping analysis, parallel independent component analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify activated gene sets and networks. Finally, we tested and compared these sets for enrichment of risk genes for neuropsychiatric disorders. We confirm a significant overlap of genes implicated in ASD with FXS, ID and SCZ. However, counterintuitive to this observation, we report that risk genes affect pathways specific for each disorder during early neurodevelopment. Genes implicated in ASD, ID, FXS and SCZ were enriched among the positive regulators, but only ID-implicated genes were also negative regulators of neuronal differentiation. ASD and ID genes were involved in dendritic branching modules, but only ASD risk genes were implicated in histone modification or axonal guidance. Only ID genes were over-represented among cell cycle modules. We conclude that the underlying signatures are disorder-specific and that the shared genetic architecture results in overlaps across disorders such as ID in ASD. Thus, adding developmental network context to genetic analyses will aid differentiating the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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30
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Shu T, Wu T, Pang M, Liu C, Wang X, Wang J, Liu B, Rong L. Effects and mechanisms of melatonin on neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:566-571. [PMID: 27130826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a lipophilic molecule mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, has properties of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis to improve neuroprotective functions. Here, we investigate effects and mechanisms of melatonin on neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSCs were induced into neural stem cells (NSCs), then further differentiated into neurons in medium with or without melatonin, melatonin receptor antagonist (Luzindole) or Phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002). Melatonin significantly promoted the number of neurospheres and cell viability. In addition, Melatonin markedly up-regulated gene and protein expression of Nestin and MAP2. However, Luzindole or LY294002 attenuated these increase. The expression of pAKT/AKT were increased by Melatonin, while Luzindole or LY294002 declined these melatonin-induced increase. These results suggest that melatonin significantly increased neural differentiation of iPSCs via activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through melatonin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Common Splendor International Health Management, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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31
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Ding V, Chin A, Peh G, Mehta JS, Choo A. Generation of novel monoclonal antibodies for the enrichment and characterization of human corneal endothelial cells (hCENC) necessary for the treatment of corneal endothelial blindness. MAbs 2015; 6:1439-52. [PMID: 25484056 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the primary treatment option to restore vision for patients with corneal endothelial blindness. Although the success rate of treatment is high, limited availability of transplant grade corneas is a major obstacle. Tissue-engineered corneal endothelial grafts constructed using cultivated human corneal endothelial cells (hCENC) isolated from cadaveric corneas may serve as a potential graft source. Currently, tools for the characterization of cultured hCENC and enrichment of hCENC from potential contaminating cells such as stromal fibroblasts are lacking. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of novel cell surface monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for hCENC. These mAbs could be used for enrichment and characterization of hCENC. Out of a total of 389 hybridomas, TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 were found to be specific to the corneal endothelial monolayer by immunostaining of frozen tissue sections. Both mAbs were able to clearly identify hCENC with good 'cobblestone-like' morphology from multiple donors. The antigen targets for TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 were found to be CD166/ALCAM and Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx-6), respectively, both of which have not been previously described as markers of hCENC. Additionally, unlike other Prdx-6 mAbs, TAG-2A12 was found to specifically bind cell surface Prdx-6, which was only expressed on hCENC and not on other cell types screened such as human corneal stromal fibroblasts (hCSF) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). From our studies, we conclude that TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 are promising tools to quantitatively assess hCENC quality. It is also noteworthy that the binding specificity of TAG-2A12 could be used for the enrichment of hCENC from cell mixtures of hCSF and hPSC.
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Key Words
- AA, antibiotic/antimycotic
- ALCAM/CD166
- CM, conditioned medium
- DM, descement membrane
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DSAEK, Descement's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- FNC, fibronectin and collagen-based
- FT, flowthrough
- GPC-4, Glypican-4
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- ICC, immunocytochemistry
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- LEC, lens epithelial cells
- MACS, magnetic affinity cell separations
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MPL, monophosphryl-lipid A
- Na+K+ATPase, sodium potassium ATPase
- Peroxiredoxin-6
- Prdx-6, Peroxiredoxin-6
- TDM, trehalose dichorynmycolate
- ZO-1, zonula occludins-1
- cell enrichment
- characterization
- hCENC, human corneal endothelial cells
- hCSF, human corneal stromal fibroblasts
- hPSC, human pluripotent stem cells
- human corneal endothelial cells
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- monoclonal antibodies
- nMFI, normalized mean fluorescence intensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ding
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute; Centros , Singapore
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32
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Gomez JC, Edgar JM, Agbay AM, Bibault E, Montgomery A, Mohtaram NK, Willerth SM. Incorporation of Retinoic Acid Releasing Microspheres into Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregates for Inducing Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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33
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Holmgren G, Ghosheh N, Zeng X, Bogestål Y, Sartipy P, Synnergren J. Identification of stable reference genes in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:232-9. [PMID: 25852171 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00130.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reference genes, often referred to as housekeeping genes (HKGs), are frequently used to normalize gene expression data based on the assumption that they are expressed at a constant level in the cells. However, several studies have shown that there may be a large variability in the gene expression levels of HKGs in various cell types. In a previous study, employing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) subjected to spontaneous differentiation, we observed that the expression of commonly used HKG varied to a degree that rendered them inappropriate to use as reference genes under those experimental settings. Here we present a substantially extended study of the HKG signature in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), including nine global gene expression datasets from both hESC and human induced pluripotent stem cells, obtained during directed differentiation toward endoderm-, mesoderm-, and ectoderm derivatives. Sets of stably expressed genes were compiled, and a handful of genes (e.g., EID2, ZNF324B, CAPN10, and RABEP2) were identified as generally applicable reference genes in hPSCs across all cell lines and experimental conditions. The stability in gene expression profiles was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis. Taken together, the current results suggest that differentiating hPSCs have a distinct HKG signature, which in some aspects is different from somatic cell types, and underscore the necessity to validate the stability of reference genes under the actual experimental setup used. In addition, the novel putative HKGs identified in this study can preferentially be used for normalization of gene expression data obtained from differentiating hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Holmgren
- Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry/Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nidal Ghosheh
- Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry/Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Buck Institute, Novato, California; and
| | - Yalda Bogestål
- Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; AstraZeneca Research and Development, Global Medicines Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Global Medicines Development Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden;
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