Matrix Gla protein (MGP) promoter polymorphic variants and its serum level in stenosis of coronary artery

Association between OX40L polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranians

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease that genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of OX40L promoter gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iranians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three hundred and sixty-eight subjects including 184 healthy subjects and 184 T2DM patients were enrolled in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied to detect genotype and allele frequencies of rs3850641, rs1234313 and rs10912580. In addition, SNPStats web tool was applied to estimate haplotype frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD).

RESULTS

The distribution of tested polymorphisms was statistically different between the T2DM patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.01). rs1234313 AG (OR = 0.375, 95% CI = 0.193-0.727, P = 0.004) and rs10912580 AG (OR = 0.351, 95% CI = 0.162-0.758, P = 0.008) genotypes were associated with the decreased risk of T2DM in Iranians. Moreover, our prediction revealed that AAG (OR = 0.46, 95% CI= (0.28-0.76), P = 0.0028) and GAG (OR = 0.24, 95% CI= (0.13-0.45), P < 0.0001) haplotypes were related to the reduced risk of the disease. However, the tested polymorphisms had no effect on biochemical parameters and body mass index (BMI) in the patient group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our findings revealed that OX40L promoter gene polymorphisms are associated with T2DM. Moreover, genotype and allelic variations were related to the decreased risk of T2DM in Iranians. Further studies are recommended to show whether these polymorphic variations could affect OX40/OX40L interaction or OX40L phenotype.

Association of OX40L gene polymorphism with multiple sclerosis in Iranians

Introduction

The exact etiology of multiple sclerosis is unknown but recent studies indicated a link between tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 and the disease. Polymorphisms located in the regulatory region of the gene may affect its phenotype. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of promoter polymorphisms of the gene with multiple sclerosis and also to estimate the frequency of haplotypes in the patients and healthy subjects.

Methods

Two hundred age- and sex-matched subjects including 100 patients and 100 healthy subjects were investigated in the study. Genotype and allele distributions of rs3850641, rs1234313, and rs10912580 polymorphisms in the promoter region of the gene were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, haplotype frequencies estimation and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed by SNPStats web tool.

Results

The distribution of AA, AG and GG genotypes of rs3850641 was significantly different between the patient and healthy groups (P = 0.009). In addition, frequencies of A and G alleles of rs3850641 were different between the groups (P < 0.001). Also the distribution of rs3850641 genotypes was different between the women of the both groups (P = 0.007). Our analysis revealed that rs3850641 AG (Odds ratio = 0.393, 95 % confidence interval = 0.170-0.907, P = 0.029) and GG (Odds ratio = 0.373, 95 % confidence interval = 0.168-0.830, P = 0.016) genotypes were associated with decreased risk of the disease. However, rs1234313 genotype and allele distributions were not different between the groups. The distribution of rs10912580polymorphism. AA, AG, and GG genotypes was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.007). rs10912580 AG genotype was associated with low risk of the disease (Odds ratio = 0.252, 95 % confidence interval = 0.102-0.623, P = 0.003). The distribution of haplotypes was statistically different between the patient and healthy groups (P < 0.001). A-G-A was the most frequent haplotype among the patients and the estimated frequency was higher than that of the control group (0.5527 versus 0.3739).

Conclusion

The distribution of rs3850641 and rs10912580 genotypes was different between the patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, rs3850641 AG and GG genotypes and also rs10912580 AG genotype were associated with low risk of the disease in Iranians. Further studies with large groups are recommended to show whether genotype variation in the patients could alter the response to treatment or not.

Matrix Gla protein polymorphism rs1800802 is associated with atheroma plaque progression and with cardiovascular events in a chronic kidney disease cohort

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased atherosclerotic burden and higher risk for cardiovascular events (CVE). Atherosclerosis has a significant genetic component and, in CKD, it is influenced by mineral metabolism alterations. Therefore, genetic modifications of mineral metabolism-related proteins could affect atherosclerosis in CKD patients. In the present study we investigated the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the matrix gamma-carboxy glutamic acid protein (MGP) on atherosclerosis progression and CVE in a CKD cohort.

Methods

A total of 2187 CKD patients from the Observatorio Nacional de Aterosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) study were genotyped for SNPs present in the matrix gamma-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) protein (MGP) gene. Atheromatosis was detected by vascular ultrasound. Progression of atheromatosis, defined as an increase in territories with plaque, was assessed after 24 months. Patients were followed for 48 months for CVE. Association of SNPs with plaque progression was assessed by logistic regression and their capacity to predict CVE by Cox regression.

Results

Three SNPs of the MGP gene were analyzed. No association of the rs4236 or the rs1800801 SNPs was detected with any of the outcomes. However, patients homozygotes for the minor allele of the rs1800802 SNP showed higher adjusted risk for plaque progression [odds ratio 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.06-4.9)] and higher risk of suffering a CVE [hazard ratio 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.13-4.12)] compared with the rest of genotypes. No association of the SNP with total or dp-ucMGP levels was found in a subsample.

Conclusions

The rs1800802 polymorphism of MGP is associated with plaque progression and CVE in CKD patients.

Association of gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in iranian patients

INTRODUCTION

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was demonstrated to stimulate insulin secretion. Relation of GIPR gene variation to impaired insulin response has been suggested in previous studies. However, little information is available regarding GIPR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter and coding regions of GIPR in Iranian T2DM patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two hundred subjects including 100 healthy and 100 T2DM patients were recruited in the study. Genotypes and allele frequency of rs34125392, rs4380143 and rs1800437 in the promoter, 5' UTR and coding region of GIPR were investigated by RFLP-PCR and Nested-PCR.

RESULTS

Our finding indicated that rs34125392 genotype distribution was statistically different between T2DM and healthy groups (P = 0.043). In addition, distribution of T/- + -/- versus TT was significantly different between the both groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, rs34125392 T/- genotype increased the risk of T2DM (OR = 2.68, 95%CI = 1.203-5.653, P = 0.015). However, allele frequency and genotype distributions of rs4380143 and rs1800437 were not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the tested polymorphisms had no effect on biochemical variables.

CONCLUSION

We concluded that GIPR gene polymorphism is associated with T2DM. In addition; rs34125392 heterozygote genotype may increase the risk of T2DM. More studies with large sample size in other populations are recommended to show the ethnical relation of these polymorphisms to T2DM.

Lack of association between CYP27B1 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranian patients

Purpose

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with multiple etiological factors. Previous studies indicated that 1- alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a molecule that is produced by CYP27B1, could protect insulin-secreted cells from destruction by immune cells. The aim of the study was to investigate the CYP27B1 promoter gene polymorphism in T2DM.

Methods

Two hundred subjects including 100 T2DM and 100 healthy individuals were recruited in the study. ARMS-PCR technique was used to identify rs10877012 genotypes in the 5' region of CYP27B1.

Results

The frequency of CC, CA, and AA genotype was 61/50, 31/39, and 8/11, respectively in T2DM patients compared to healthy subjects. There was no significant difference between both groups in regarding to genotype and allele distribution (P > 0.05). CA (RR = 1.535, 95% CI = 0.841- 2.802) and AA (1.677, 95% CI = 0.627-4.490) genotypes had no association with increased risk of T2DM. In addition, CA + AA versus CC showed no increased risk for T2DM (RR = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.365-1.121).

Conclusion

We found no association between rs10877012 polymorphism and T2DM. There was no increased risk of this polymorphism in T2DM. Further studies with large groups are suggested in other populations to better understand the relation of CYP27B1 gene variation, especially its ethnicity-dependent relation with T2DM.

Role of the Transcription Factor FOSL1 in Organ Development and Tumorigenesis

The transcription factor FOSL1 plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. Primarily, FOSL1 is crucial for the differentiation of several cell lineages, namely adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In solid tumors, FOSL1 controls the progression of tumor cells through the epithelial–mesenchymal transformation. In this review, we summarize the available data on FOSL1 expression, stabilization, and degradation in the cell. We discuss how FOSL1 is integrated into the intracellular signaling mechanisms and provide a comprehensive analysis of FOSL1 influence on gene expression. We also analyze the pathological changes caused by altered Fosl1 expression in genetically modified mice. In addition, we dedicated a separate section of the review to the role of FOSL1 in human cancer. Primarily, we focus on the FOSL1 expression pattern in solid tumors, FOSL1 importance as a prognostic factor, and FOSL1 perspectives as a molecular target for anticancer therapy.

Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) Gene with Coronary Artery Disease and Serum MGP Levels

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an important regulatory protein for inhibition of calcification in the vessel wall and cartilage. The MGP gene polymorphisms are suspected to increase the risk of extracellular calcification through altering the related gene expression and serum MGP levels. The goal of this study was to examine the correlation between rs4236 (Thr83-Ala), rs12304 (Glu60-X) and rs1800802 (T138-C) polymorphisms of the MGP gene and coronary artery calcification. Serum MGP levels of 168 subjects who had undergone coronary angiography were analyzed along with genotyping of MGP gene polymorphisms. The results indicated that serum MGP levels were significantly associated with rs4236 and rs1800802 polymorphisms of the MGP gene with the occurrence of coronary artery diseases (CAD). Allelic distributions of MGP gene polymorphisms and serum MGP levels, respectively, were not significantly interconnected with the presence of CAD. Our results revealed that serum MGP levels of CAD patients show association with rs4236 and rs1800802 polymorphisms, but serum MGP levels alone do not directly reflect the risk of CAD. The role of MGP genetic variants on formation and progression of arterial calcification should be regarded in cardiovascular diseases.

Association of arginine vasopressin (AVP) promoter polymorphisms with preeclampsia

OBJECTIVES

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease of pregnancy characterized by early onset of maternal hypertension and proteinuria. New findings indicate that arginine vasopressin (AVP) may be a contributing factor to ignite PE. The aim of this study was to identify if there is any correlation between arginine vasopressin promoter polymorphisms and PE.

STUDY DESIGN

Venous blood samples of 100 PE and 100 normal pregnant women were obtained for DNA extraction to identify the polymorphisms of AVP promoter by RFLP and nested-PCR techniques.

MAIN OUTCOME

rs3729965 polymorphism of PE women was detected to have significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.028).

RESULTS

Statistical analysis of three polymorphisms namely rs3729965, rs61138008 and rs3761249 of preeclamptic women (PEW) and none preeclamptic pregnant women (NPEW) revealed that rs3729965 genotypic distribution was significantly different between both groups (P = 0.04). Further analysis revealed that rs3729965 CT genotype of PEW had significant correlation to their BMI (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSION

Polymorphic variants located on the promoter region of AVP are associated with PE. Thus we hypothesize that allelic variation may have a role in increasing the risk of developing PE.

Association of the Inactive Circulating Matrix Gla Protein with Vitamin K Intake, Calcification, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a small Gla vitamin K-dependent protein, is the most powerful natural occurring inhibitor of calcification in the human body. To become biologically active, MGP must undergo vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and phosphorylation. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the inactive uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated form of MGP (dpucMGP). We aimed to review the existing data on the association between circulating dpucMGP and vascular calcification, renal function, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in distinct populations. Moreover, the association between vitamin K supplementation and serum levels of dpucMGP was also reviewed.

Association of Matrix Gla protein gene (rs1800801, rs1800802, rs4236) polymorphism with vascular calcification and atherosclerotic disease: a meta-analysis

Association between the MGP gene rs1800801, rs1800802, rs4236 polymorphisms and vascular calcification and atherosclerotic disease was inconsistent. To clarify precise association, we performed this meta-analysis. Medline, Embase and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database were systematically searched through December 2016. A total of 23 case-control studies, consisting of 5280 cases and 5773 controls, were included. The overall results suggested that the -7A polymorphism was associated with an increased risk for vascular calcification and atherosclerotic disease in the recessive model (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.24, P = 0.045). Subgroup analyses of Caucasians showed significant associations in the allelic model, recessive model, and homozygote model: allelic model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34, P = 0.004), recessive model (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.26-2.03, P < 0.001), homozygote model (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.81, P = 0.006). Subgroup analysis of the Asian population did not demonstrate any significant associations in any of the genetic models. No significant association was found in any genetic model amongst the rs1800802 and rs4236 polymorphisms. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that the MGP gene rs1800801 polymorphism is significantly associated with vascular calcification and atherosclerotic disease, especially in the Caucasian population.

SNP haplotyping technique for evaluation of MGP 5' UTR power in osteoblast cells

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is involved in calcium trafficking and arterial calcification. The aim of study was to investigate the role of three polymorphisms within the MGP gene promoter region on reporter gene (luciferase) expression level. The fragments containing rs1800799 (C/T), rs1800802 (T/C), and rs1800801 (G/A) sites were constructed and transferred into human G292 osteoblast cells using pGL3-Basic plasmid. The reporter gene expression was calculated for the high and low frequency polymorphic haplotypes (CTG and TCA, respectively). Results showed that the reporter gene expression levels are not statistically different (p > 0.3). We concluded that the investigated polymorphic sites are not able to change the gene expression pattern in human G292 osteoblast cells.

System study of MPO promoter high-frequency polymorphic variants on transcription factor network

The neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) promotes the oxidative stress by the production of active chlorinated molecules. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MPO promoter polymorphic variants (rs2243827 and rs2333227) and, its serum level in patients with the stenosis of coronary arteries. Furthermore, a system approach was applied to create the MPO transcription factor network. A total of one hundred fifty six subjects (controls, stenosis<5%, n=71 and patients, stenosis>70%, n=85) undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. The polymorphic haplotypes and serum MPO level were identified using ARMS-PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. The MPO transcription factor network was primarily created with PSICQUIC and ChIP data and, was improved with the predicted transcription factors. The regression analyses did not show an association between the serum MPO level and the extent of stenosis in coronary arteries. The network showed that the predicted transcription factors at the flanking regions of polymorphic variants are not directly interacted to MPO. In conclusion, the population and prediction studies showed no association between the serum MPO level, the promoter high-frequency polymorphic frequencies and the extent of stenosis in coronary arteries. A gene sub-cluster with MYB as central node was suggested to be involved with MPO on the transcription factor network.