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Mohr A, Marques Da Costa ME, Fromigue O, Audinot B, Balde T, Droit R, Abbou S, Khneisser P, Berlanga P, Perez E, Marchais A, Gaspar N. From biology to personalized medicine: Recent knowledge in osteosarcoma. Eur J Med Genet 2024; 69:104941. [PMID: 38677541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma is the most common paediatric bone cancer. More than one third of patients relapse and die of osteosarcoma using current chemotherapeutic and surgical strategies. To improve outcomes in osteosarcoma, two crucial challenges need to be tackled: 1-the identification of hard-to-treat disease, ideally from diagnosis; 2- choosing the best combined or novel therapies to eradicate tumor cells which are resistant to current therapies leading to disease dissemination and metastasize as well as their favorable microenvironment. Genetic chaos, tumor complexity and heterogeneity render this task difficult. The development of new technologies like next generation sequencing has led to an improvement in osteosarcoma oncogenesis knownledge. This review summarizes recent biological and therapeutical advances in osteosarcoma, as well as the challenges that must be overcome in order to develop personalized medicine and new therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mohr
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Olivia Fromigue
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Baptiste Audinot
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierno Balde
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Robin Droit
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Samuel Abbou
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Khneisser
- Department of medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Esperanza Perez
- Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France; Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
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2
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Zheng S, Cheng X, Ke S, Zhang L, Wu H, He D, Cheng X. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of mesenchymal stem cells related gene MT1G in osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8155-8170. [PMID: 38747739 PMCID: PMC11131992 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor arising from mesenchymal cells. The standard clinical treatment for OS involves extensive tumor resection combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. OS's invasiveness, lung metastasis, and drug resistance contribute to a low cure rate and poor prognosis with this treatment. Metallothionein 1G (MT1G), observed in various cancers, may serve as a potential therapeutic target for OS. METHODS OS samples in GSE33382 and TARGET datasets were selected as the test cohorts. As the external validation cohort, 13 OS tissues and 13 adjacent cancerous tissues from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected. Patients with OS were divided into high and low MT1G mRNA-expression groups; differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as MT1G-related genes. The biological function of MT1G was annotated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Gene expression correlation analysis and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network construction were used to determine potential biological regulatory relationships of DEGs. Survival analysis assessed the prognostic value of MT1G. RESULTS MT1G expression increased in OS samples and presented higher in metastatic OS compared with non-metastatic OS. Functional analyses indicated that MT1G was mainly associated with spliceosome. A ceRNA network with DEGs was constructed. MT1G is an effective biomarker predicting survival and correlated with increased recurrence rates and poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS This research identified MT1G as a potential biomarker for OS prognosis, highlighting its potential as a therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikuan Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sulun Ke
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linyi Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Dingwen He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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3
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Heim TE, Hankins ML, Belayneh R, Douglas N, Dinh V, Kovvur M, Boone DN, Ukani V, Bhogal S, Patel V, Moniz TMA, Bailey KM, John I, Schoedel K, Weiss KR, Watters RJ. RNA-sequencing predicts a role of androgen receptor and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in osteosarcoma lung metastases. Oncogene 2024; 43:1007-1018. [PMID: 38361046 PMCID: PMC10978487 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
One-third of pediatric patients with osteosarcoma (OS) develop lung metastases (LM), which is the primary predictor of mortality. While current treatments of patients with localized bone disease have been successful in producing 5-year survival rates of 65-70%, patients with LM experience poor survival rates of only 19-30%. Unacceptably, this situation that has remained unchanged for 30 years. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms of metastatic spread in OS and to identify targetable molecular pathways that enable more effective treatments for patients with LM. We aimed to identify OS-specific gene alterations using RNA-sequencing of extremity and LM human tissues. Samples of extremity and LM tumors, including 4 matched sets, were obtained from patients with OS. Our data demonstrate aberrant regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway in LM and predicts aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) as a downstream target. Identification of AR pathway upregulation in human LM tissue samples may provide a target for novel therapeutics for patients with LM resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E Heim
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Margaret L Hankins
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebekah Belayneh
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nerone Douglas
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vu Dinh
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Murali Kovvur
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David N Boone
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vrutika Ukani
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sumail Bhogal
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vaidehi Patel
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taylor M A Moniz
- Columbia University with Trinity College, Dublin, UK
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Academy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly M Bailey
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivy John
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen Schoedel
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kurt R Weiss
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Watters
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Romanucci M, De Maria R, Morello EM, Della Salda L. Editorial: Canine osteosarcoma as a model in comparative oncology: Advances and perspective. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141666. [PMID: 36798142 PMCID: PMC9927381 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy,*Correspondence: Mariarita Romanucci ✉
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5
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Development of a Risk Score Model for Osteosarcoma Based on DNA Methylation-Driven Differentially Expressed Genes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7596122. [PMID: 35602303 PMCID: PMC9122702 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7596122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the commonest malignant bone tumor in adolescent patients, and patients face amputation, tumor metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and even death. We investigated the potential connection between abnormal methylation differentially expressed genes and the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. GSE36002 and GSE12865 datasets of GEO database were utilized for abnormal methylation differentially expressed genes, followed by function and pathway enrichment analyses, the protein-protein interaction network in the STRING database, and cluster analysis in the MCODE app of Cytoscape. The RNA-seq and clinical data from the TARGET-OS project of TCGA were used for univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses to predict the risk genes of osteosarcoma. 1191 hypermethylation-downregulated genes might function through plasma membrane, negative regulation of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter, and pathways, including transcriptional misregulation in cancer. 127 hypomethylation-upregulated genes were enriched in proteolysis, negative regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and metabolic signaling pathways. The univariate Cox analysis revealed 638 genes (
), including 50 hypermethylation-downregulated genes and 4 hypomethylation-upregulated genes, subsequently based on LASSO Cox regression analysis for 54 aberrant methylation-driven genes, and three genes (COL13A1, MXI1, and TBRG1) were selected to construct the risk score model. The three genes (COL13A1, MXI1, and TBRG1) regulated by DNA methylation were identified to relate with the outcomes of OS patients, which might provide a new insight to the pathological mechanism of osteosarcoma.
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Namløs HM, Skårn M, Ahmed D, Grad I, Andresen K, Kresse SH, Munthe E, Serra M, Scotlandi K, Llombart-Bosch A, Myklebost O, Lind GE, Meza-Zepeda LA. miR-486-5p expression is regulated by DNA methylation in osteosarcoma. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:142. [PMID: 35172717 PMCID: PMC8851731 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone occurring in children and young adolescents and is characterised by complex genetic and epigenetic changes. The miRNA miR-486-5p has been shown to be downregulated in osteosarcoma and in cancer in general. Results To investigate if the mir-486 locus is epigenetically regulated, we integrated DNA methylation and miR-486-5p expression data using cohorts of osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples. A CpG island in the promoter of the ANK1 host gene of mir-486 was shown to be highly methylated in osteosarcoma cell lines as determined by methylation-specific PCR and direct bisulfite sequencing. High methylation levels were seen for osteosarcoma patient samples, xenografts and cell lines based on quantitative methylation-specific PCR. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines caused induction of miR-486-5p and ANK1, indicating common epigenetic regulation in osteosarcoma cell lines. When overexpressed, miR-486-5p affected cell morphology. Conclusions miR-486-5p represents a highly cancer relevant, epigenetically regulated miRNA in osteosarcoma, and this knowledge contributes to the understanding of osteosarcoma biology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08346-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Namløs
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Skårn
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deeqa Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iwona Grad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Andresen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine H Kresse
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Munthe
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guro E Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Dailey DD, Hess AM, Bouma GJ, Duval DL. MicroRNA Expression Changes and Integrated Pathways Associated With Poor Outcome in Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637622. [PMID: 33937369 PMCID: PMC8081964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Deregulation of miRNA expression occurs in cancer, and miRNA expression profiles have been associated with diagnosis and prognosis in many cancers. Osteosarcoma (OS), an aggressive primary tumor of bone, affects ~10,000 dogs each year. Though survival has improved with the addition of chemotherapy, up to 80% of canine patients will succumb to metastatic disease. Reliable prognostic markers are lacking for this disease. miRNAs are attractive targets of biomarker discovery efforts due to their increased stability in easily obtained body fluids as well as within fixed tissue. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that dysregulation of genes in aggressive canine OS tumors that participate in miRNA regulatory networks is reportedly disrupted in OS or other cancers. We utilized RT-qPCR in a 384-well-plate system to measure the relative expression of 190 miRNAs in 14 canine tumors from two cohorts of dogs with good or poor outcome (disease-free interval >300 or <100 days, respectively). Differential expression analysis in this subset guided the selection of candidate miRNAs in tumors and serum samples from larger groups of dogs. We ultimately identified a tumor-based three-miR Cox proportional hazards regression model and a serum-based two-miR model, each being able to distinguish patients with good and poor prognosis via Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank test. Additionally, we integrated miRNA and gene expression data to identify potentially important miRNA-mRNA interactions that are disrupted in canine OS. Integrated analyses of miRNAs in the three-miR predictive model and disrupted genes from previous expression studies suggest the contribution of the primary tumor microenvironment to the metastatic phenotype of aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna D. Dailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ann M. Hess
- Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dawn L. Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Tumor-Host Interactions Research Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Chen Y, Ning J, Cao W, Wang S, Du T, Jiang J, Feng X, Zhang B. Research Progress of TXNIP as a Tumor Suppressor Gene Participating in the Metabolic Reprogramming and Oxidative Stress of Cancer Cells in Various Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568574. [PMID: 33194655 PMCID: PMC7609813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a thioredoxin-binding protein that can mediate oxidative stress, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the function of the thioredoxin system. TXNIP is important because of its wide range of functions in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. Increasing evidence has shown that TXNIP expression is low in tumors and that it may act as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types such as hepatocarcinoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. TXNIP is known to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells by affecting metabolic reprogramming and can affect the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells through the TXNIP-HIF1α-TWIST signaling axis. TXNIP can also prevent the occurrence of bladder cancer by inhibiting the activation of ERK, which inhibits apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. In this review, we find that TXNIP can be regulated by binding to transcription factors or other binding proteins and can also be downregulated by epigenetic changes or miRNA. In addition, we also summarize emerging insights on TXNIP expression and its functional role in different kinds of cancers, as well as clarify its participation in metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress in cancer cells, wherein it acts as a putative tumor suppressor gene to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of different tumor cells as well as promote apoptosis in these cells. TXNIP may therefore be of basic and clinical significance for finding novel molecular targets that can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Chen
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieling Ning
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Du
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Genomics and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Primary Bone Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040968. [PMID: 32295254 PMCID: PMC7227002 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma are rare diseases but the most common primary tumors of bone. The genes directly involved in the sarcomagenesis, tumor progression and treatment responsiveness are not completely defined for these tumors, and the powerful discovery of genetic analysis is highly warranted in the view of improving the therapy and cure of patients. The review summarizes recent advances concerning the molecular and genetic background of these three neoplasms and, of their most common variants, highlights the putative therapeutic targets and the clinical trials that are presently active, and notes the fundamental issues that remain unanswered. In the era of personalized medicine, the rarity of sarcomas may not be the major obstacle, provided that each patient is studied extensively according to a road map that combines emerging genomic and functional approaches toward the selection of novel therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Li YH, Tong KL, Lu JL, Lin JB, Li ZY, Sang Y, Ghodbane A, Gao XJ, Tam MS, Hu CD, Zhang HT, Zha ZG. PRMT5-TRIM21 interaction regulates the senescence of osteosarcoma cells by targeting the TXNIP/p21 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2507-2529. [PMID: 32023548 PMCID: PMC7041745 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy in adolescents and has poor clinical outcomes. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has recently been shown to be aberrantly expressed in various cancers, yet its role in OS remains elusive. Here, we found that PRMT5 was overexpressed in OS and its overexpression predicted poor clinical outcomes. PRMT5 knockdown significantly triggered pronounced senescence in OS cells, as evidenced by the increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-stained cells, induction of p21 expression, and upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) gene expression. In addition, we found that PRMT5 plays a key role in regulating DNA damaging agents-induced OS cell senescence, possibly, via affecting the repair of DNA damage. Furthermore, we found that TXNIP acts as a key factor mediating PRMT5 depletion-induced DNA damage and cellular senescence. Mechanistically, TRIM21, which interacts with PRMT5, was essential for the regulation of TXNIP/p21 expression. In summary, we propose a model in which PRMT5, by interaction with TRIM21, plays a key role in regulating the TXNIP/p21 axis during senescence in OS cells. The present findings suggest that PRMT5 overexpression in OS cells might confer resistance to chemotherapy and that targeting the PRMT5/TRIM21/TXNIP signaling may enhance the therapeutic efficacy in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui-Leung Tong
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Lei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Bin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Sang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Abdelmoumin Ghodbane
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Man-Seng Tam
- IAN WO Medical Center, Macao Special Administrative Region, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
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11
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a difficult disease to treat. The standard chemotherapy regimen has not improved survival for the past three decades. Resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge and constitutes a major concern to clinical investigators. Autophagy has been recognized as a survival mechanism implicated in resistance to chemotherapy. We previously demonstrated chemotherapy to induce autophagy in OS. However, whether induction of autophagy will lead to survival or death has been the focus of many laboratories. Autophagy is a very context-dependent process, and no specific biomarker has been identified to define whether the process will lead to survival or death. In the present chapter, we present some of the mechanisms involved in the process of autophagy and summarize some of the most recent work related to autophagy in OS and the challenges encountered with the use of old and new autophagy inhibitors.
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12
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de Azevedo JWV, de Medeiros Fernandes TAA, Fernandes JV, de Azevedo JCV, Lanza DCF, Bezerra CM, Andrade VS, de Araújo JMG, Fernandes JV. Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1099-1116. [PMID: 31966039 PMCID: PMC6955653 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumor of mesenchymal origin, most frequently occurring during the rapid growth phase of long bones, and usually located in the epiphyseal growth plates of the femur or the tibia. Its most common feature is genome disorganization, aneuploidy with chromosomal alterations, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes and of the cell cycle, and an absence of DNA repair. This suggests the involvement of surveillance failures, DNA repair or apoptosis control during osteogenesis, allowing the survival of cells which have undergone alterations during differentiation. Epigenetic events, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling and expression of non-coding RNAs have been identified as possible risk factors for the tumor. It has been reported that p53 target genes or those genes that have their activity modulated by p53, in addition to other tumor suppressor genes, are silenced in OS-derived cell lines by hypermethylation of their promoters. In osteogenesis, osteoblasts are formed from pluripotent mesenchymal cells, with potential for self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into various cell types. This involves complex signaling pathways and multiple factors. Any disturbance in this process can cause deregulation of the differentiation and proliferation of these cells, leading to the malignant phenotype. Therefore, the origin of OS seems to be multifactorial, involving the deregulation of differentiation of mesenchymal cells and tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, epigenetic events and the production of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christiane Medeiros Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vânia Sousa Andrade
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
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Sun HB, Wang HY, Wu B, Wang ZF, Wang LZ, Li FQ, Wu JD, Zhang LN. The inhibitory effects of cisplatin-radiation combination treatment on malignant osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and BRCA1-p53 pathways are more efficient than single treatments. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6385-6396. [PMID: 31807162 PMCID: PMC6876329 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma remains a persistent problem, in particular for patients with unresectable tumors or metastasis. Therefore, combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been considered for patients with metastasis or recurrence, patients unsuitable for surgery and patients refusing surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the combined treatment with cisplatin and radiation therapy on the biological characteristics of the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1)-associated signaling pathways. Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined by Transwell assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of candidate genes, including BRCA1 and p53, were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that combined treatment with radiation and cisplatin significantly inhibited MG-63 cell proliferation compared with radiation or cisplatin treatment alone. Furthermore, radiation, cisplatin or the combined treatment with radiation and cisplatin increased the apoptosis rate of MG-63 cells, which resulted in G2 phase arrest, and significantly decreased the migratory capacity of MG-63 cells. In addition, the apoptosis rate of MG-63 cells following combined radiation and cisplatin treatment was higher compared with the cisplatin group, but lower compared with the radiation group. Furthermore, combined treatment with radiation and cisplatin decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of BRCA1 and p53. Additionally, combined treatment with radiation and cisplatin had a more potent inhibitory effect on p53 expression than on BRCA1 expression. In addition, combination of radiation and cisplatin had a higher inhibitory effect on Bax protein level and a higher inductive effect on Bcl-2 protein level compared with treatments with radiation and cisplatin alone. The results demonstrated that combined treatment of radiation and cisplatin exhibited superior therapeutic effects on osteosarcoma MG-63 cells compared with radiation or cisplatin treatment alone, which may be mediated by the BRCA1-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - He-Yuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhe Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Qiang Li
- Eye Center of The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Duo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Le-Ning Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Li B, Zhao J, Zhao Q, Wu D, Zhang C, Zhao K, Song Y, Gao C. MicroRNA-618 Directly Targets Metadherin mRNA To Suppress The Malignant Phenotype Of Osteosarcoma Cells By Reducing PTEN-AKT Pathway Output. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9795-9807. [PMID: 31814737 PMCID: PMC6863364 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulation of microRNA-618 (miR-618) has been observed in multiple types of human cancer. However, whether miR-618 is implicated in osteosarcoma (OS) initiation and progression is still unclear. Hence, we measured the expression of miR-618 in OS tissues and cell lines. In addition, the roles of miR-618 and the mechanisms underlying its activities in OS cells were examined. Methods The expression status of miR-618 in OS was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. The regulatory roles of miR-618 overexpression in OS were explored by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow-cytometric analysis, Transwell cell migration and invasion assays, and a tumor xenograft experiment. Results The results revealed that the expression of miR-618 was notably lower in OS tissues and cell lines, and that the low miR-618 expression significantly correlated with the clinical stage and distant metastasis among patients with OS. Exogenous miR-618 expression significantly suppressed OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro as well as slowed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanism investigation indicated that metadherin (MTDH) is a direct target gene of miR-618 in OS cells. A knockdown of MTDH mimicked the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-618 upregulation on OS cells. Notably, resumption of MTDH expression attenuated the miR-618–mediated reduction in OS cell growth and metastasis in vitro. In addition, miR-618 overexpression reduced the PTEN–AKT pathway output in OS cells both in vitro and in vivo through downregulation of MTDH. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that miR-618 exerts crucial tumor-suppressive actions in OS pathogenesis by directly targeting MTDH mRNA and reducing PTEN–AKT pathway output. These results will help to elucidate the functions of miR-618 in OS and suggest that this miRNA may be investigated as a therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Li
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Jinan Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzheng Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250033, People's Republic of China
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15
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HDAC2-mediated upregulation of IL-6 triggers the migration of osteosarcoma cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:423-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Sergi C, Shen F, Liu SM. Insulin/IGF-1R, SIRT1, and FOXOs Pathways-An Intriguing Interaction Platform for Bone and Osteosarcoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30881341 PMCID: PMC6405434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a substantial risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and, probably, an essential substrate for the development of neoplastic disease of the bone, such as osteosarcoma, which is the most common malignant mesenchymal primary bone tumor. Genetic studies have established that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (Protein Kinase B) signal transduction pathway is involved across species, including nematodes, fruit flies, and mammals. SIRT1, a phylogenetically-conserved family of deacetylases, seems to play pleiotropic effects in epithelial malignancies of the liver and interact with the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. Some of the most critical processes in degenerative conditions may indeed include the insulin/IGF1R and SIRT1 signaling pathways as well as some specific transcription factors. The Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (FOXOs) control diverse cellular functions, such as metabolism, longevity, and cell death. FOXOs play a critical role in the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. FOXOs can indeed be modulated to reduce age-related diseases. FOXOs have advantageous inhibitory effects on fibroblast and myofibroblast activation, which are accompanied by a subsequent excessive production of extracellular matrix. FOXOs can block or decrease the fibrosis levels in numerous organs. Previously, we observed a correlation between nuclear FOXO3 and high caspase-8 expression, which induces cellular apoptosis in response to harmful external stimuli. In this perspective, we emphasize the current advances and interactions involving the insulin/IGF1R, SIRT1, and FOXOs pathways in the bone and osteosarcoma for a better understanding of the mechanisms potentially underpinning tissue degeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato Sergi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Consolato Sergi orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-7879
| | - Fan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Tavanti E, Luppi S, Magagnoli F, Picci P, Serra M. Genetic testing for high-grade osteosarcoma: a guide for future tailored treatments? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:947-961. [PMID: 30324828 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1535903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic characterization of osteosarcoma has evolved during the last decade, thanks to the integrated application of conventional and new candidate-driven and genome-wide technologies. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the state of art in genetic testing applied to osteosarcoma, with particular regard to novel candidate genetic biomarkers that can be analyzed in tumor tissue and blood samples, which might be used to predict toxicity and prognosis, detect disease relapse, and improve patients' selection criteria for tailoring treatment. Expert commentary: Genetic testing based on modern technologies is expected to indicate new osteosarcoma-related prognostic markers and driver genes, which may highlight novel therapeutic targets and patients stratification biomarkers. The definition of tailored or targeted treatment approaches may improve outcome of patients with localized tumors and, even more, of those with metastatic disease, for whom progress in cure probability is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Pia Patrizio
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Luppi
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- a Laboratory of Experimental Oncology , IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
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He W, Zhang P, Ye M, Chen Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Yao F. Polymorphisms of the Ras-Association Domain Family 1 Isoform A (RASSF1A) Gene are Associated with Ovarian Cancer, and with the Prognostic Factors of Grade and Stage, in Women in Southern China. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2360-2367. [PMID: 29670073 PMCID: PMC5928851 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of the Ras-association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) gene were associated with ovarian cancer and with tumor grade and stage, which affect the prognosis of ovarian cancer, in women in Southern China. MATERIAL AND METHODS Women from Southern China with histologically confirmed, graded and staged ovarian cancer (n=1,375), and cancer-free controls (n=1,227), provided samples of peripheral blood. DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4688728G>T, rs72932987C>T, rs1989839C>T, rs2073497A>C, and rs2236947A>C) were evaluated using an online assay-by-design platform. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification was performed and computational haplotyping analysis of genetic associations between the five tagging SNPs was performed to identify frequent haplotypes in women with ovarian cancer, and the associations with tumor grade and stage. RESULTS In women in Southern China, the CT genotype of rs1989839 was associated with the patients with ovarian cancer (P=0.001), and was significantly correlated with tumor grade and stage (P=0.008). One of the remaining four SNPs studied, rs2073497A>C showed an association with the prognostic factors of grade and stage, but this association did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms of the RASSF1A gene, most significantly the CT genotype of rs1989839, might play a role in the development and prognosis of ovarian cancer in women in Southern China. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between polymorphisms in the RASSF1A gene in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Min Ye
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhikang Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yizi Wang
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Fengjuan Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Al-Khan AA, Gunn HJ, Day MJ, Tayebi M, Ryan SD, Kuntz CA, Saad ES, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. Immunohistochemical Validation of Spontaneously Arising Canine Osteosarcoma as a Model for Human Osteosarcoma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:256-265. [PMID: 29169619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from bone-forming mesenchymal cells and represents one of the primary bone tumours. It is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs and man. The characterization of an appropriate natural disease animal model to study human OS is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to validate canine OS as a model for the human disease by evaluating immunohistochemically the expression of markers known to be important in human OS. The immunohistochemical panel included vimentin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), desmin, S100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Immunohistochemistry was conducted on formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections from 59 dogs with confirmed primary OS. Vimentin, ALP, Runx2 and BMP4 were highly expressed by all tumours, while desmin, S100 and NSE were expressed variably. The findings were similar to those described previously for human OS and suggest that canine OS may represent a useful model for the study of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H J Gunn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset, UK
| | - M Tayebi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - S D Ryan
- Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group (TRACTS), Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Australia
| | - C A Kuntz
- Southpaws Veterinary Hospital, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - E S Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the predominant form of bone cancer, affecting mostly adolescents. Recent progress made in molecular genetic studies of osteosarcoma has changed our view on the cause of the disease and ongoing therapeutic approaches for patients. As we draw closer to gaining more complete catalogs of candidate cancer driver genes in common forms of cancer, the landscape of somatic mutations in osteosarcoma is emerging from its first phase. In this review, we summarize recent whole genome and/or whole exome genomic studies, and then put these findings in the context of genetic hallmarks of somatic mutations and mutational processes in human osteosarcoma. One of the lessons learned here is that the extent of somatic mutations and complexity of the osteosarcoma genome are similar to that of common forms of adult cancer. Thus, a much higher number of samples than those currently obtained are needed to complete the catalog of driver mutations in human osteosarcoma. In parallel, genetic studies in other species have revealed candidate driver genes and their roles in the genesis of osteosarcoma. This review also summarizes newly identified drivers in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and discusses our understanding of the impact of nature and number of drivers on tumor latency, subtypes, and metastatic potentials of osteosarcoma. It is becoming apparent that a synergistic team composed of three drivers (one 'first driver' and two 'synergistic drivers') may be required to generate an animal model that recapitulates aggressive osteosarcoma with a short latency. Finally, new cancer therapies are urgently needed to improve survival rate and quality of life for osteosarcoma patients. Several vulnerabilities in osteosarcoma are illustrated in this review to exemplify the opportunities for next generation molecularly targeted therapies. However, much work remains in order to complete our understanding of the somatic mutation basis of osteosarcoma, to develop reliable animal models of human disease, and to apply this information to guide new therapeutic approaches for reducing morbidity and mortality of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby Rickel
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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Xu H, Zhan W, Chen Z. Ras-Association Domain Family 1 Isoform A (RASSF1A) Gene Polymorphism rs1989839 is Associated with Risk and Metastatic Potential of Osteosarcoma in Young Chinese Individuals: A Multi-Center, Case-Control Study. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4529-4535. [PMID: 27880743 PMCID: PMC5132426 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ras-association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) gene serves as a bona fide tumor suppressor gene. The polymorphisms in RASSF1A were previously reported to be associated with the risk of solid malignant tumors. We hypothesized herein that RASSF1A gene polymorphisms are involved in the risk and prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS). Material/Methods We recruited 279 young OS cases and 286 tumor-free controls from the east Chinese population. Five tagSNPs of RASSF1A gene (rs2236947A/C, rs2073497A/C, rs1989839C/T, rs72932987C/T, and rs4688728G/T) were genotyped. DNA was isolated from blood samples and then underwent PCR analysis for genotyping. Results rs1989839C/T is an important predictor of osteosarcoma risk and outcome. The CT genotype of rs1989839 is highly related to elevated risk of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, rs1989839C/T is also associated with the Enneking stage of osteosarcoma and risk of lung metastasis. One of the other 4 SNPs, rs2236947A/C, shows a borderline significance in predicting osteosarcoma risk. Conclusions Our study is the first to prove that RASSF1A gene polymorphisms may potentially be predictive for osteosarcoma risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University School of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, Center for Orthopedic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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22
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Deng Z, Liu X, Jin J, Xu H, Gao Q, Wang Y, Zhao J. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin a Promotes the Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells through p53 Signaling Pathway Activation. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1298-1308. [PMID: 27877082 PMCID: PMC5118776 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and expression in osteosarcoma cells and tissues from osteosarcoma patients and to examine the mechanism by which a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), promotes the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Methods: HDAC activity and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity were determined in nuclear extracts of MG63 cells, hFOB 1.19 cells and tissues from 6 patients with primary osteosarcoma. The protein expression of Class I HDACs (1, 2, 3 and 8) and the activation of the p53 signaling pathway were examined by Western blot. Cell growth and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Nuclear HDAC activity and class I HDAC expression were significantly higher in MG63 cells than in hFOB 1.19 cells, and a similar trend was observed in the human osteosarcoma tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. TSA significantly inhibited the growth of MG63 cells and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner through p53 signaling pathway activation. Conclusion: Class I HDACs play a central role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, and HDAC inhibitors may thus have promise as new therapeutic agents against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiewen Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Adamopoulos C, Gargalionis AN, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Deciphering signaling networks in osteosarcoma pathobiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1296-305. [PMID: 27190271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216648806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of primary bone tumors among children and adolescents. During the past years, little progress has been made regarding prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, especially for those with metastatic disease. Genomic instability and gene alterations are common, but current data do not reveal a consistent and repeatable pattern of osteosarcoma development, thus paralleling the tumor's high heterogeneity. Critical signal transduction pathways have been implicated in osteosarcoma pathobiology and are being evaluated as therapeutic targets, including receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK), Wnt, Notch, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and mechanotransduction pathways. Herein, we recapitulate and discuss recent advances in the context of molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, towards patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Osteosarcoma: prognosis plateau warrants retinoblastoma pathway targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16001. [PMID: 29263893 PMCID: PMC5657420 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, affecting ~560 young patients in the United States annually. The term OS describes a diverse array of subtypes with varying prognoses, but the majority of tumors are high grade and aggressive. Perhaps because the true etiology of these aggressive tumors remains unknown, advances in OS treatment have reached a discouraging plateau, with only incremental improvements over the past 40 years. Thus, research surrounding the pathogenesis of OS is essential, as it promises to unveil novel therapeutic targets that can attack tumor cells with greater specificity and lower toxicity. Among the candidate molecular targets in OS, the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway demonstrates the highest frequency of inactivation and thus represents a particularly promising avenue for molecular targeted therapy. This review examines the present thinking and practices in OS treatment and specifically highlights the relevance of the RB pathway in osteosarcomagenesis. Through further investigation into RB pathway-related novel therapeutic targets, we believe that a near-term breakthrough in improved OS prognosis is possible.
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Huang Z, Yuan L, Jiang Z, Wang D. Associations of polymorphisms in NAT2 gene with risk and metastasis of osteosarcoma in young Chinese population. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2675-80. [PMID: 26445549 PMCID: PMC4590633 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in young individuals. Genetic factors may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Here we carried out a case-control study to investigate seven NAT2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1799929, rs120, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799930, rs1799931, and rs1801279) on the risk and prognosis of osteosarcoma. This study included 260 young osteosarcoma cases and 286 controls. The TaqMan method was used to determine genotypes. We found that rs1799931 G>A polymorphisms were associated with a decreased risk of osteosarcoma in young Chinese population, and rs1041983 CT genotype seemed to play a protective role in the risk of osteosarcoma. However, further analysis showed that rs1041983 polymorphisms were associated with an elevated risk of tumor metastasis, predicting poor prognosis. This study provided the first evidence for the associations between NAT2 polymorphisms and osteosarcoma risk and metastasis in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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