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Xu J, Zhang H, Yang L. Rab3B Proteins: Cellular Functions, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Potential as a Cancer Therapy Target. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01549-6. [PMID: 39320613 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
RAB3 proteins, a pivotal subgroup within the Rab protein family, are known to be highly expressed in brain and endocrine gland tissues, with detectable levels also observed in exocrine glands, adipose tissue, and other peripheral tissues. They play an indispensable role in the trafficking of cellular products from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and ultimately to secretory vesicles, participating in vesicle transport, mediating cell membrane adhesion, and facilitating membrane fusion during exocytosis. Among these, Rab3B, a specific subtype of RAB3, is a low-molecular-weight (approximately 25 kD) GTP-binding protein (GTPase) characterized by its typical GTPase fold, composed of seven β-strands (six parallel and one antiparallel) surrounded by six α-helices. Previous studies have proved the significant roles of Rab3B in vesicle transport and hormone trafficking. However, its involvement in cancer remains largely unexplored. This review aims to dig into the potential mechanisms of Rab3B in various cancers, including hepatocellular cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, neuroblastoma and cervical cancer. Given its pivotal functions and underexplored status in oncology, Rab3B stands out as a promising target for both diagnosis and therapy in cancer treatment, with investigations into its biological mechanisms in tumorigenesis offering significant potential to advance future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies across various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Erol ÖD, Şenocak Ş, Aerts-Kaya F. The Role of Rab GTPases in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:255-281. [PMID: 37060515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPases have been shown to play an important role in several cellular functions, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell polarity, intracellular trafficking, cell-cycle, progression and lipid transformation. The Ras-associated binding (Rab) family of GTPases constitutes the largest family of GTPases and consists of almost 70 known members of small GTPases in humans, which are known to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking, membrane identity, vesicle budding, uncoating, motility and fusion of membranes. Mutations in Rab genes can cause a wide range of inherited genetic diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) to immune dysregulation/deficiency syndromes, like Griscelli Syndrome Type II (GS-II) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), as well as a variety of cancers. Here, we provide an extended overview of human Rabs, discussing their function and diseases related to Rabs and Rab effectors, as well as focusing on effects of (aberrant) Rab expression. We aim to underline their importance in health and the development of genetic and malignant diseases by assessing their role in cellular structure, regulation, function and biology and discuss the possible use of stem cell gene therapy, as well as targeting of Rabs in order to treat malignancies, but also to monitor recurrence of cancer and metastasis through the use of Rabs as biomarkers. Future research should shed further light on the roles of Rabs in the development of multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes and assess Rabs as a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Doğuş Erol
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şimal Şenocak
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Li Y, Qu S, Jin H, Jia Q, Li M. Role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer biology. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155001. [PMID: 38043191 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the general characteristics of cancer cells is the abnormal increase of O-GlcNAcylation. Recent studies have shown that it affects the basic functions of proteins and regulates multiple phenotypes of cancer cells through key signals and metabolic pathways. O-GlcNAcylation is a covalent linkage between the β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) sugar and target protein. It interacts with many other types of post-translational modifications and works together in the whole process of cancer development. For example, it regulates cell activities such as cell signal transduction, transcription, cell division, metabolism and cytoskeleton regulation. In this review, we summarized the general concept of O-GlcNAcylation and its related role in the ten major tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Yu J, Qi H, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Song E, Song W, An R. RAB3D, upregulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes the progression of prostate cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2246-2256. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Yu
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Haipeng Qi
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Erlin Song
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Management Office Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences Harbin China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin China
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5
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Izumida M, Kakoki K, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, Kubo Y. Rab3a, a small GTP-binding protein, is required for the stabilization of the murine leukaemia virus Gag protein. Small GTPases 2022; 13:162-182. [PMID: 34180342 PMCID: PMC9707528 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1939631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a CD63-interacting protein to understand the role of CD63 in virion production of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and we have found that Rab3a forms a complex with CD63. In this study, we analysed the effect of Rab3a on virion production of the murine leukaemia virus (MLV), which is another member of the retrovirus family. We found that Rab3a silencing induced lysosomal degradation of the MLV Gag protein, and recovery of the Rab3a expression restored the level of the Gag protein through a complex formation of MLV Gag and Rab3a, indicating that Rab3a is required for MLV Gag protein expression. In contrast, CD63 silencing decreased the infectivity of released virions but had no effect on virion production, indicating that CD63 facilitates the infectivity of released MLV particles. Although Rab3a induced CD63 degradation in uninfected cells, the complex of MLV Gag and Rab3a suppressed the Rab3a-mediated CD63 degradation in MLV-infected cells. Finally, we found that the MLV Gag protein interacts with Rab3a to stabilize its own protein and CD63 that facilitates the infectivity of released MLV particles. Considering the involvement of Rab3a in lysosome trafficking to the plasma membrane, it may also induce cell surface transport of the MLV Gag protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Izumida
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsura Kakoki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Urology Department, Omura Municipal Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Medical University Research Administrator, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,CONTACT Yoshinao Kubo Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki852-8523, Japan
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6
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Zimu Z, Jia Z, Xian F, Rui M, Yuting R, Yuan W, Tianhong W, Mian M, Yinlong L, Enfang S. Decreased Expression of PACSIN1 in Brain Glioma Samples Predicts Poor Prognosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:696072. [PMID: 34422904 PMCID: PMC8375027 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.696072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most severe brain tumours with a poor prognosis. Although surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the survival rate of glioma patients, the prognosis of most glioma patients is still poor. In recent years, the influence of gene-targeted therapy on gliomas has been gradually discovered, and intervening the occurrence and development of brain gliomas from the perspective of the gene will significantly improve treatment prognosis. Protein Kinase C and Casein Kinase Substrate in Neurons 1 (PACSIN1) is a member of the conserved peripheral membrane protein family in eukaryotes. Improper expression of PACSIN1 can lead to neurological diseases such as Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia. However, its relationship with tumours or even gliomas has not been explored. The study aims to explore PACSIN1 as a prognostic factor that can predict overall survival (OS) for gliomas. We collected the data from CGGA, TCGA, GEO databases and the pathological glioma tissue specimens from 15 clinical glioma patients surgically resected. The differential expression of PACSIN1 in various clinical indicators, the genes related to PACSIN1 expression, the prognostic value of PACSIN1 and the functional annotations and pathway analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed. The results revealed that PACSIN1 had low expression levels in grade IV, IDH1 wild-type and 1p/19q non-codel group gliomas, and PACSIN1 was considered a mesenchymal molecular subtype marker. PACSIN1 expression is positively correlated with OS in all gliomas and it was found that PACSIN1 influenced the occurrence and development of gliomas through synaptic transmission. The PACSIN1 expression is negatively correlated with the malignant degree of gliomas and positively associated with the OS, indicating that PACSIN1 would play an essential role in the occurrence and development of gliomas and might be a potential new biomarker and targeted therapy site for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zimu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Nursing Research Branch, Nursing Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Jia
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ma Rui
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Yuting
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Tianhong
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Mian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liu Yinlong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Enfang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Nursing Research Branch, Nursing Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Brunel A, Bégaud G, Auger C, Durand S, Battu S, Bessette B, Verdier M. Autophagy and Extracellular Vesicles, Connected to rabGTPase Family, Support Aggressiveness in Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1330. [PMID: 34072080 PMCID: PMC8227744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though cancers have been widely studied and real advances in therapeutic care have been made in the last few decades, relapses are still frequently observed, often due to therapeutic resistance. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are, in part, responsible for this resistance. They are able to survive harsh conditions such as hypoxia or nutrient deprivation. Autophagy and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) secretion are cellular processes that help CSC survival. Autophagy is a recycling process and EVs secretion is essential for cell-to-cell communication. Their roles in stemness maintenance have been well described. A common pathway involved in these processes is vesicular trafficking, and subsequently, regulation by Rab GTPases. In this review, we analyze the role played by Rab GTPases in stemness status, either directly or through their regulation of autophagy and EVs secretion.
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8
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Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang M, Zhou H, Wu X, Zhong J, Xiao F, Huang N, Yang X, Zeng R, Yang L, Xia Z, Zhang N. Rolling-translated EGFR variants sustain EGFR signaling and promote glioblastoma tumorigenicity. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:743-756. [PMID: 33325513 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is observed in over 50% of cases of adult glioblastoma (GBM). Nevertheless, EGFR antibodies are ineffective in clinical GBM treatment, suggesting the existence of redundant EGFR activation mechanisms. Whether circular RNA (circRNA) encodes a protein involved in EGFR-driven GBM remains unclear. We reported an unexpected mechanism in which circular EGFR RNA (circ-EGFR) encodes a novel EGFR variant to sustained EGFR activation. METHOD We used RNA-seq, Northern blot, and Sanger sequencing to confirm the existence of circ-EGFR. Antibodies and a liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer were used to identify circ-EGFR protein products. Lentivirus-transfected stable cell lines were used to assess the biological functions of the novel protein in vitro and in vivo. Clinical implications of circ-EGFR were assessed using 97 pathologically diagnosed GBM patient samples. RESULTS The infinite open reading frame (iORF) in circ-EGFR translated repeating amino acid sequences via rolling translation and programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) induced out-of-frame stop codon (OSC), forming a polymetric novel protein-complex, which we termed rolling-translated EGFR (rtEGFR). rtEGFR directly interacted with EGFR, maintained EGFR membrane localization and attenuated EGFR endocytosis and degradation. Importantly, circ-EGFR levels correlated with the EGFR signature and predicted the poor prognosis of GBM patients. Deprivation of rtEGFR in brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) attenuated tumorigenicity and enhanced the anti-GBM effect. CONCLUSION Our findings identified the endogenous rolling-translated protein and provided strong clinical evidence that targeting rtEGFR could improve the efficiency of EGFR-targeting therapies in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huangkai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xujia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feizhe Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nunu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Raffaniello RD. Rab3 proteins and cancer: Exit strategies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1295-1301. [PMID: 33982832 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rab proteins are GTPases involved in all stages of vesicular transport and membrane fusion in mammalian cells. Individual Rab proteins localize to specific cellular organelles and regulate a specific membrane trafficking pathway. Recent studies suggest an important role for Rab proteins in cancer. Rab3 isoforms (Rab3A, Rab3B, Rab3C, and Rab3D) are expressed almost exclusively in neurons and secretory cells. In this review, the role of Rab3 isoforms in a variety of tumor types is discussed. Of the four Rab3 isoforms, Rab3D has been studied most extensively in cancer cells and this isoform appears to play an oncogenic role in breast, colon, esophageal, skin, and brain tumors. Overexpression of Rab3A and Rab3C was observed in gliomas and colon cancers, respectively. Increased expression of the Rab3 isoforms is related to increased proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Moreover, high Rab3 isoform levels are often associated with decreased survival and advanced pathological stage in clinical samples. Rab3 isoform-dependent activation of the AKT pathway has been observed in several studies. Although the effects of Rab3 isoforms on cancer cell growth and function have been examined in many tumor types, a number of important questions remain. Are the Rab3-positive vesicles in cancer cells actually secretory in nature? If so, are the contents of these vesicles secreted in a regulated or constitutive manner? How does Rab3-regulated secretion affect cellular signaling and tumor growth? Finally, can Rab3 isoforms be therapeutically manipulated in cancer cells? The fact that knockout of a single Rab3 isoform does not affect viability, at least in mouse models, suggests that targeting of these proteins may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for tumor cells expressing any of the Rab3 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Raffaniello
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, School of Arts and Sciences, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Luo Q, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Huang L, Diao B. Expression of Rab3b in Human Glioma: Influence on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:989-995. [PMID: 32940170 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200917145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common human central nervous system tumour with a high degree of malignancy. Some Rab GTPases have significant effects on glioma. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rab3b (Rab GTPase3b) on human glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis by silencing Rab3b and to initially verify the value of Rab3b expression for the diagnosis and progression in human glioma. METHODS Rab3b was silenced by siRNA transfection. Human glioma tissues and normal brain tissues adjacent to glioma were obtained by surgery. Rab3b, P53, Caspase 7, Bax, and Bim mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Rab3b mRNA and protein expression in human glioma U251 and U87 cells were significantly downregulated after Rab3b silencing. Rab3b silencing inhibited glioma cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Rab3b expression in human glioma (n = 33) was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues adjacent to glioma (n = 15). In addition, Rab3b expression levels in high-grade gliomas (WHO III-IV, n = 19) were also significantly higher than those in low-grade gliomas (WHO I-II, n = 14). CONCLUSION Rab3b expression levels are significantly related to the progression of gliomas. Moreover, Rab3b silencing not only significantly inhibits cell proliferation in gliomas via cell cycle arrest but also promotes cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins; however these preliminary in vitro results warrant validation on in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Luo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Zilin Yuan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Lvshuai Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Bo Diao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong 510515, China
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11
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Oliveira DVNP, Prahm KP, Christensen IJ, Hansen A, Høgdall CK, Høgdall EV. Gene expression profile association with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5438. [PMID: 33686173 PMCID: PMC7940404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common type of cancer for women worldwide. The current diagnostic and prognostic routine available for OC management either lack specificity or are very costly. Gene expression profiling has shown to be a very effective tool in exploring new molecular markers for patients with OC, although association of such markers with patient survival and clinical outcome is still elusive. Here, we performed gene expression profiling of different subtypes of OC to evaluate its association with patient overall survival (OS) and aggressive forms of the disease. By global mRNA microarray profiling in a total of 196 epithelial OC patients (161 serous, 15 endometrioid, 11 mucinous, and 9 clear cell carcinomas), we found four candidates-HSPA1A, CD99, RAB3A and POM121L9P, which associated with OS and poor clinicopathological features. The overexpression of all combined was correlated with shorter OS and progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, the combination of at least two markers were further associated with advanced grade, chemotherapy resistance, and progressive disease. These results indicate that a panel comprised of a few predictors that associates with a more aggressive form of OC may be clinically relevant, presenting a better performance than one marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira P Prahm
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ib J Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Claus K Høgdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid V Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
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12
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Kulasekaran G, Chaineau M, Piscopo VEC, Verginelli F, Fotouhi M, Girard M, Tang Y, Dali R, Lo R, Stifani S, McPherson PS. An Arf/Rab cascade controls the growth and invasiveness of glioblastoma. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202004229. [PMID: 33443570 PMCID: PMC7812876 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly malignant brain cancer. We now demonstrate that loss of function of the endosomal GTPase Rab35 in human brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) increases glioblastoma growth and decreases animal survival following BTIC implantation in mouse brains. Mechanistically, we identify that the GTPase Arf5 interacts with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab35, DENND1/connecdenn, and allosterically enhances its GEF activity toward Rab35. Knockdown of either Rab35 or Arf5 increases cell migration, invasiveness, and self-renewal in culture and enhances the growth and invasiveness of BTIC-initiated brain tumors in mice. RNAseq of the tumors reveals up-regulation of the tumor-promoting transcription factor SPOCD1, and disruption of the Arf5/Rab35 axis in glioblastoma cells leads to strong activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, with resulting enhancement of SPOCD1 levels. These discoveries reveal an unexpected cascade between an Arf and a Rab and indicate a role for the cascade, and thus endosomal trafficking, in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter S. McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Kam KL, Parrack P, Banworth M, Aravindan S, Li G, Fung KM. Use of Immunohistochemistry to Determine Expression of Rab5 Subfamily of GTPases in Mature and Developmental Brains. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2293:265-271. [PMID: 34453724 PMCID: PMC8917831 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1346-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are essentially molecular switches. They serve as master regulators in intracellular membrane trafficking from the formation and transport of vesicles at the originating organelle to its fusion to the membrane at the target organelle. Their functions are diversified and each has their specific subcellular location. Their expression may vary significantly in the same cell when the level of protein production is significantly different in different physiologic status. One of the best examples is the transition from fetal to mature status of cells. Expression and localization of Rab GTPases in mature and developing brains have not been well studied. Immunohistochemistry is an efficient way in the detection, semiquantitation, and localization of Rab GTPases in tissue sections. It is inexpensive and fast which allow efficient mass screening of many sections. In this chapter, we describe the immunohistochemical assay protocol for analyzing several Rab protein expressions of the Rab5 subfamily, including Rab5, Rab17, Rab22, and Rab31, in developmental (fetal) and mature human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Ling Kam
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paige Parrack
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marcellus Banworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sheeja Aravindan
- Tissue Pathology Shared Resource, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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14
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Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
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15
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Comprehensive Analysis of Expression, Clinicopathological Association and Potential Prognostic Significance of RABs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155580. [PMID: 32759795 PMCID: PMC7432855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RAB proteins (RABs) represent the largest subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases that regulate a wide variety of endosomal membrane transport pathways. Their aberrant expression has been demonstrated in various malignancies and implicated in pathogenesis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the differential expression and clinicopathological association of RAB genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Of the 62 RAB genes analyzed, five (RAB3A, RAB26, RAB25, RAB21, and RAB22A) exhibited statistically significant upregulation, while five (RAB6B, RAB8B, RABL2A, RABL2B, and RAB32) were downregulated in PDAC as compared to the normal pancreas. Racially disparate expression was also reported for RAB3A, RAB25, and RAB26. However, no clear trend of altered expression was observed with increasing stage and grade, age, and gender of the patients. PDAC from occasional drinkers had significantly higher expression of RAB21 compared to daily or weekly drinkers, whereas RAB25 expression was significantly higher in social drinkers, compared to occasional ones. The expression of RABL2A was significantly reduced in PDAC from diabetic patients, whereas RAB26 was significantly lower in pancreatitis patients. More importantly, a significant association of high expression of RAB21, RAB22A, and RAB25, and low expression of RAB6B, RABL2A, and RABL2B was observed with poorer survival of PC patients. Together, our study suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of RABs in PDAC, warranting further investigations to define their functional and mechanistic significance.
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16
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Liu F, Dong H, Mei Z, Huang T. Investigation of miRNA and mRNA Co-expression Network in Ependymoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:177. [PMID: 32266223 PMCID: PMC7096354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymoma (EPN) is a rare primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects both children and adults. Despite the definition and classification of distinct molecular subgroups, there remains a group of EPNs with a balanced genome, which makes it difficult to predict a prognosis of patients with EPN. The role of miRNA-mRNA network on EPN is still poorly understood. We assessed the involvement of miRNA-mRNA pairs in EPN by applying a weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach. Using whole genome expression profile analysis followed by functional enrichment, we detected hub genes involved in active proliferation and DNA replication of nerve cells. Key genes including CYP11B1, KRT33B, RUNX1T1, SIK1, MAP3K4, MLANA, and SFRP5 identified in co-expression networks were regulated by miR-15a and miR-24-1. These seven miRNA-mRNA pairs were considered to influence not only pathways in cancer and tumor suppression process, but also MAPK, NF-kappaB, and WNT signaling pathways which were associated with tumorigenesis and development. This study provides a novel insight into potential diagnostic biomarkers of EPN and may have value in choosing therapeutic targets with clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Mei
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Qu L, Pan C, He SM, Lang B, Gao GD, Wang XL, Wang Y. The Ras Superfamily of Small GTPases in Non-neoplastic Cerebral Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:121. [PMID: 31213978 PMCID: PMC6555388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases from the Ras superfamily play crucial roles in basic cellular processes during practically the entire process of neurodevelopment, including neurogenesis, differentiation, gene expression, membrane and protein traffic, vesicular trafficking, and synaptic plasticity. Small GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Different subfamilies of small GTPases have been linked to a number of non-neoplastic cerebral diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), intellectual disability, epilepsy, drug addiction, Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a large number of idiopathic cerebral diseases. Here, we attempted to make a clearer illustration of the relationship between Ras superfamily GTPases and non-neoplastic cerebral diseases, as well as their roles in the neural system. In future studies, potential treatments for non-neoplastic cerebral diseases which are based on small GTPase related signaling pathways should be explored further. In this paper, we review all the available literature in support of this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Lang
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Dong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Lian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Portela M, Segura-Collar B, Argudo I, Sáiz A, Gargini R, Sánchez-Gómez P, Casas-Tintó S. Oncogenic dependence of glioma cells on kish/TMEM167A regulation of vesicular trafficking. Glia 2018; 67:404-417. [PMID: 30506943 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic lesions in glioblastoma (GB) include constitutive activation of PI3K and EGFR pathways to drive cellular proliferation and tumor malignancy. An RNAi genetic screen, performed in Drosophila melanogaster to discover new modulators of GB development, identified a member of the secretory pathway: kish/TMEM167A. Downregulation of kish/TMEM167A impaired fly and human glioma formation and growth, with no effect on normal glia. Glioma cells increased the number of recycling endosomes, and reduced the number of lysosomes. In addition, EGFR vesicular localization was primed toward recycling in glioma cells. kish/TMEM167A downregulation in gliomas restored endosomal system to a physiological state and altered lysosomal function, fueling EGFR toward degradation by the proteasome. These endosomal effects mirrored the endo/lysosomal response of glioma cells to Brefeldin A (BFA), but not the Golgi disruption and the ER collapse, which are associated with the undesirable toxicity of BFA in other cancers. Our results suggest that glioma growth depends on modifications of the vesicle transport system, reliant on kish/TMEM167A. Noncanonical genes in GB could be a key for future therapeutic strategies targeting EGFR-dependent gliomas.
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19
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Almiron Bonnin DA, Havrda MC, Israel MA. Glioma Cell Secretion: A Driver of Tumor Progression and a Potential Therapeutic Target. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6031-6039. [PMID: 30333116 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular secretion is an important mediator of cancer progression. Secreted molecules in glioma are key components of complex autocrine and paracrine pathways that mediate multiple oncogenic pathologies. In this review, we describe tumor cell secretion in high-grade glioma and highlight potential novel therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6031-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Almiron Bonnin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mark A Israel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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20
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O-GlcNAcylation on Rab3A attenuates its effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 30237463 PMCID: PMC6148238 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab3A is a small Ras-like GTPase critical for membrane traffic. Although the functions of Rab3A have been reported in several cancers, the roles of Rab3A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have never been determined. To investigate the potential roles of Rab3A in HCC progression, we first determined Rab3A levels in HCC tissues and observed upregulated mRNA and protein levels of Rab3A in most tumor tissues. However, in vitro data showed that decreasing Rab3A in most HCC cell lines conferred no significant effects and overexpressing Rab3A in PLC/PRF/5 cells even inhibited migration and invasion. Meanwhile, the upregulation of Rab3A in HCC patients did not correlate with metastasis or overall survival of HCC patients. These contradict data suggested that Rab3A might act as metastatic suppressor and its effects might be attenuated in most HCC cells. Further experiments revealed that O-GlcNAcylation on Rab3A was key for attenuating Rab3A-mediated effects by regulating its GTP-binding activity, and verified the effects of Rab3A and its aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that Rab3A and its O-GlcNAcylation had opposite roles in mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS), and their functions on HCC metastasis were partially depended on their effects on metabolic reprogramming.
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21
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Cho SH, Kuo IY, Lu PJF, Tzeng HT, Lai WW, Su WC, Wang YC. Rab37 mediates exocytosis of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 to inhibit Wnt signaling and thus suppress lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:868. [PMID: 30158579 PMCID: PMC6115395 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated Rab small GTPase-mediated vesicle trafficking pathways are associated with cancer progression. However, whether any of the Rabs plays a suppressor role in cancer stemness is least explored. Rab37 has been postulated as a tumor suppressive small GTPase for trafficking anti-tumor cargos. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which Rab37 mediates exocytosis of secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1), an extracellular antagonist of Wnt, to suppress Wnt signaling and cancer stemness in vitro and in vivo. Reconstitution experiments indicate that SFRP1 secretion is crucial for Rab37-mediated cancer stemness suppression and treatment with SRPP1 recombinant protein reduces xenograft tumor initiation ability. Clinical results confirm that concordantly low Rab37, low SFRP1, and high Oct4 stemness protein expression profile can be used as a biomarker to predict poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Our findings reveal that Rab37-mediated SFRP1 secretion suppresses cancer stemness, and dysregulated Rab37-SFRP1 pathway confers cancer stemness via the activation of Wnt signaling. Rab37-SFRP1-Wnt axis could be a potential therapeutic target for attenuating lung cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Frank Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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22
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Villagomez FR, Medina-Contreras O, Cerna-Cortes JF, Patino-Lopez G. The role of the oncogenic Rab35 in cancer invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion, especially in leukemia. Small GTPases 2018; 11:334-345. [PMID: 29781368 PMCID: PMC7549652 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer has allowed researchers to describe some biological characteristics that tumor cells acquire during their development, known as the “hallmarks of cancer” but more research is needed to expand our knowledge about cancer biology and to generate new strategies of treatment. The role that RabGTPases might play in some hallmarks of cancer represents interesting areas of study since these proteins are frequently altered in cancer. However, their participation is not well known. Recently, Rab35was recognized as an oncogenic RabGTPase and and because of its association with different cellular functions, distinctly important in immune cells, a possible role of Rab35 in leukemia can be suggested. Nevertheless, the involvement of Rab35 in cancer remains poorly understood and its possible specific role in leukemia remains unknown. In this review, we analyze general aspects of the participation of RabGTPases in cancer, and especially, the plausible role of Rab35 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
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23
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2018. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/215412481397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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24
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Banworth MJ, Li G. Consequences of Rab GTPase dysfunction in genetic or acquired human diseases. Small GTPases 2017; 9:158-181. [PMID: 29239692 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1397833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are important regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Both activating and inactivating mutations in Rab genes have been identified and implicated in human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancer. In addition, altered Rab expression is often associated with disease prognosis. As such, the study of diseases associated with Rabs or Rab-interacting proteins has shed light on the important role of intracellular membrane trafficking in disease etiology. In this review, we cover recent advances in the field with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus J Banworth
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Guangpu Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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25
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Ge J, Chen Q, Liu B, Wang L, Zhang S, Ji B. Knockdown of Rab21 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:30. [PMID: 29270202 PMCID: PMC5735509 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are commonly malignant tumors that arise in the human central nervous system and have a low overall five-year survival rate. Previous studies reported that several members of Rab GTPase family are involved in the development of glioma, and abnormal expression of Rab small GTPases is known to cause aberrant tumor cell behavior. In this study, we characterized the roles of Rab21 (Rab GTPase 21), a member of Rab GTPase family, in glioma cells. Methods The study involved downregulation of Rab21 in two glioma cell lines (T98G and U87) through transfection with specific-siRNA. Experiments using the MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, real-time PCR and western blot were performed to establish the expression levels of related genes. Results The results show that downregulation of Rab21 can significantly inhibit cell growth and remarkably induce cell apoptosis in T98G and U87 cell lines. Silencing Rab21 resulted in significantly increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase7, Bim and Bax) in glioma cells. Conclusions We inferred that Rab21 silencing can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in human glioma cells, indicating that Rab21 might act as an oncogene and serve as a novel target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.9 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430060 People's Republic of China
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26
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Kubo Y, Masumoto H, Izumida M, Kakoki K, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T. Rab3a-Bound CD63 Is Degraded and Rab3a-Free CD63 Is Incorporated into HIV-1 Particles. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1653. [PMID: 28900422 PMCID: PMC5581869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin family, is involved in virion production by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but its mechanism is unknown. In this study, we showed that a small GTP-binding protein, Rab3a, interacts with CD63. When Rab3a was exogenously expressed, the amounts of CD63 decreased in cells. The Rab3a-mediated reduction of CD63 was suppressed by lysosomal and proteasomal inhibitors. The amount of CD63 was increased by reducing the endogenous Rab3a level using a specific shRNA. These results indicate that Rab3a binds to CD63 to induce the degradation of CD63. Rab3a is thought to be involved in exocytosis, but we found that another function of Rab3a affects the fate of CD63 in lysosomes. CD63 interacted with Rab3a and was incorporated into HIV-1 particles. However, Rab3a was not detected in HIV-1 virions, thereby indicating that Rab3a-free CD63, but not Rab3a-bound CD63, is incorporated into HIV-1 particles. Overexpression or silencing of Rab3a moderately reduced HIV-1 virion formation. Overexpression of Rab3a decreased CD63 levels, but did not affect the incorporation of CD63 into HIV-1 particles. This study showed that Rab3a binds to CD63 to induce the degradation of CD63, and only Rab3a-free CD63 is incorporated into HIV-1 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of MedicineNagasaki, Japan
| | - Mai Izumida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsura Kakoki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan.,Medical University Research Administrator, Nagasaki University School of MedicineNagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
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27
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Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu F, Jiang B, Zhang Y. Targeting Rabs as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1139-1147. [PMID: 28390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases constitute the largest family of small GTPases. Rabs regulate not only membrane trafficking but also cell signaling, growth and survival, and development. Increasingly, Rabs and their effectors are shown to be overexpressed or subject to loss-of-function mutations in a variety of disease settings, including cancer progression. This review provides an overview of dysregulated Rab proteins in cancer, and highlights the signaling and secretory pathways in which they operate, with the aim of identifying potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Recent progress and perspectives for direct and/or indirect targeting of Rabs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiongyi Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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Abstract
A large group of small Rab GTPases which mediate secretory and endosomal membrane transport, as well as autophagosome biogenesis, are essential components of vesicle trafficking machinery. Specific Rab protein together with the cognate effectors coordinates the dynamics of trafficking pathway and determines the cargo proteins destination. Functional impairments of Rab proteins by mutations or post-translational modifications disrupting the regulatory network of vesicle trafficking have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the vesicle transport regulators play essential roles in the mediation of cancer cell biology, including uncontrolled cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The context-dependent role of the same Rab to act as either an oncoprotein or tumor suppressor in different cancers is found. Such discrepancies may be due in part to the interaction of specific Rab protein with different effectors or cargos in various tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the roles of Rab GTPases in communicating with other effectors in tumor progression. In this review, we also emphasize dysregulation of Rab-mediated membrane delivery shifting normal cell behaviors toward malignancy. Thus, recovery of the dysregulated vesicle trafficking systems in cancer cells may provide future directions for potential strategy to restrain tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Yang J, Liu W, Lu X, Fu Y, Li L, Luo Y. High expression of small GTPase Rab3D promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11125-38. [PMID: 25823663 PMCID: PMC4484444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases control exocytic and endocytic membrane trafficking such as exosomes release. As a secretory small GTPase, Rab3D is a vital regulator for protein secretion. However, the role of Rab3D in cancer was never systematically studied. The aim of this study is to examine its function and mechanism in cancer, especially metastasis. We detected protein levels of Rab3D in nine cancer cell lines and twelve types of clinical cancer specimens. Subsequently, we established in vitro migration and in vivo orthotopic metastatic mouse models to study the role of Rab3D in tumor metastasis. Here, we reported that the expression levels of Rab3D were dysregulated in cancer cells and highly correlated with tumor malignancies in the clinical samples. Increased expressions of Rab3D led to tumor invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo, whereas Rab3D knockdown suppressed the tumor cell motility. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rab3D activated intracellular the AKT/GSK3β signaling to induce the EMT process. In addition, it also regulated the extracellular secretion of Hsp90α to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. These results prove that Rab3D is a key molecule to regulate tumor metastasis, suggesting that blocking the Rab3D function can be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin'an Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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30
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Abstract
Rab GTPases control intracellular membrane traffic by recruiting specific effector proteins to restricted membranes in a GTP-dependent manner. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we highlight the regulation of Rab GTPases by proteins that control their membrane association and activation state, and provide an overview of the cellular processes that are regulated by Rab GTPases and their effectors, including protein sorting, vesicle motility and vesicle tethering. We also discuss the physiological importance of Rab GTPases and provide examples of diseases caused by their dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhen
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0379, Norway
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