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Ge Y, Zhou C, Xiao X, Jin Z, Zhou L, Chen Z, Liu F, Yuan Q, Zhang G, Shan L, Tong P. A Novel Mutation of the KLK6 Gene in a Family With Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2021; 12:784176. [PMID: 34858488 PMCID: PMC8631809 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between gene mutation and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to analyze blood samples of four KOA patients and two normal subjects in a family. Gene mutations were identified by gene-trapping and high-throughput sequencing analysis across the differences between the patients and normal subjects. The interactive gene network analysis on the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) database and the KOA-related genes expression data sets was performed. A possibly detrimental and nonsynonymous mutation at the kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) gene (rs201586262, c. C80A, P27H) was identified and attracted our attention. KLK6 belongs to the kallikrein family of serine proteases and its serum level is known as a prevalent biomarker in inflammatory and malignant diseases. KLK6 expresses in the extracellular compartment for matrix degradation, highlighting that KLK6 plays a role in the pathogenesis of KOA. By using the gene databases, the KOA-related genes were mined after de-duplication and IL6 was selected as the most relevant gene through interactive analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The data suggested that KLK6 gene mutation and the related expression alteration of IL6 gene might determine the occurrence of hereditary KOA. The is the first study discovering the gene mutation of KLK6 as a factor of pathogenesis of KOA, especially the hereditary KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfen Zhou
- National Genomics Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 9th People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- National Genomics Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ramírez-González A, Manzo-Merino J, Contreras-Ochoa CO, Bahena-Román M, Aguilar-Villaseñor JM, Lagunas-Martínez A, Rosenstein Y, Madrid Marina V, Torres-Poveda K. Functional Role of AKNA: A Scoping Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1709. [PMID: 34827707 PMCID: PMC8615511 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human akna encodes an AT-hook transcription factor whose expression participates in various cellular processes. We conducted a scoping review on the literature regarding the functional role of AKNA according to the evidence found in human and in vivo and in vitro models, stringently following the "PRISMA-ScR" statement recommendations. METHODS We undertook an independent PubMed literature search using the following search terms, AKNA OR AKNA ADJ gene OR AKNA protein, human OR AKNA ADJ functions. Observational and experimental articles were considered. The selected studies were categorized using a pre-determined data extraction form. A narrative summary of the evidence was produced. RESULTS AKNA modulates the expression of CD40 and CD40L genes in immune system cells. It is a negative regulator of inflammatory processes as evidenced by knockout mouse models and observational studies for several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, AKNA contributes to the de-regulation of the immune system in cancer, and it has been proposed as a susceptibility genetic factor and biomarker in CC, GC, and HNSCC. Finally, AKNA regulates neurogenesis by destabilizing the microtubules dynamics. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for the role of AKNA in various cellular processes, including immune response, inflammation, development, cancer, autoimmunity, and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahán Ramírez-González
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Department of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Carla Olbia Contreras-Ochoa
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
| | - José Manasés Aguilar-Villaseñor
- Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y la Adolescencia (CeNSIA)-Secretaría de Salud Federal, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 62210, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Madrid Marina
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (C.O.C.-O.); (M.B.-R.); (A.L.-M.); (V.M.M.)
- CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 03940, Mexico
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Zhao T, Ma C, Xie B, Zhao B, Wang W, Liu J. Evaluation of Common Variants in the AKNA Gene and Susceptibility to Knee Osteoarthritis Among the Han Chinese. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:425-430. [PMID: 32460535 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative joint disease that is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. The AKNA gene, located at 9q32, has recently been identified as being associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in the Mexican population. Our aim was to investigate the relationship of common variants in this gene with the risk of KOA in a large Han Chinese population. Methods: A total of 2,500 Han Chinese subjects were recruited, consisting of 824 KOA patients and 1,676 controls. Eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the ANKA gene were selected for genotyping. Single marker-based association analyses were conducted using multiple modes of inheritance, including genotypic, allelic, dominant, and recessive. Haplotype-based association analyses were also performed. Plink was utilized for genetic association analyses. In addition, we examined the GTEx database to test the expression quantitative loci effects of the significant SNPs within the AKNA gene. Results: Among these eight SNPs evaluated we identified one, rs10817595, as being significantly associated with the risk of KOA. Compared to the CC genotype at this locus, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for KOA with the AA genotype was 1.58 (1.23-2.01)-fold greater. A linkage disequilibrium block that included this SNP was also determined to be significantly associated with the risk of KOA (χ2 = 25.08, p = 3.58 × 10-6). In general, the minor allele A of SNP rs10817595 was associated with an increased risk of KOA. Conclusion: This study is the first to present evidence for a potential link between the risk of KOA and an AKNA gene polymorphism among persons with a Han Chinese ancestry. Future functional analyses based on animal models and sequencing-based population studies are needed to elucidate the biological plausibility and genetic architecture of AKNA for KOA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics and The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Baopin Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Oncology Research, The Affiliated Oncology Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Exome Sequencing Reveals Immune Genes as Susceptibility Modifiers in Individuals with α 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13088. [PMID: 31511551 PMCID: PMC6739380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated to early onset emphysema, mainly imputable to Pi*ZZ genotype. In spite of the serious potential effects, many AATD individuals do not develop emphysema. To identify genes/variants potentially involved in emphysema development we studied 4 AATD families. Each family had at least one affected sibling with emphysema and one non-affected. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on genomic DNA isolated from 9 individuals with AATD (4 affected/5 non-affected). Genetic variants confirmed at least in three families were prioritized using QueryOR and network analysis was used to verify enriched pathways. In affected subjects: 14 genes (57% immune-related) segregated in a recessive model and 21 (29% immune-related) in a dominant model. In non-affected subjects: 21 genes (43% immune-related) segregated in a recessive model and 50 (24% immune-related) in a dominant model. In affected siblings immune genes had an activating function, while where immune-suppressing in non-affected siblings involving antigen processing, MHC-I presentation, TCR and PD-1 signalling. This study describes possible genetic susceptibility factors for emphysema development in AATD, and suggests that gene variants involved in regulation of immune homeostasis and maintenance of self-tolerance contribute to the development or suppression of the disease.
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Hug P, Anderegg L, Kehl A, Jagannathan V, Leeb T. AKNA Frameshift Variant in Three Dogs with Recurrent Inflammatory Pulmonary Disease. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E567. [PMID: 31357536 PMCID: PMC6723478 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated three related Rough Collies with recurrent inflammatory pulmonary disease. The clinical symptoms were similar to primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). However, the affected dogs did not carry any known pathogenic PCD variants. Pedigree analysis suggested a recessive mode of inheritance. Combined linkage and homozygosity mapping in three cases and seven non-affected family members delineated 19 critical intervals on 10 chromosomes comprising a total of 99 Mb. The genome of one affected dog was sequenced and compared to 601 control genomes. We detected only a single private homozygous protein-changing variant in the critical intervals. The detected variant was a 4 bp deletion, c.2717_2720delACAG, in the AKNA gene encoding the AT-hook transcription factor. It causes a frame-shift introducing a premature stop codon and truncates 37% of the open reading frame, p.(Asp906Alafs*173). We genotyped 88 Rough Collies consisting of family members and unrelated individuals. All three available cases were homozygous for the mutant allele and all 85 non-affected dogs were either homozygous wildtype (n = 67) or heterozygous (n = 18). AKNA modulates inflammatory immune responses. Akna-/- knockout mice die shortly after birth due to systemic autoimmune inflammatory processes including lung inflammation that is accompanied by enhanced leukocyte infiltration and alveolar destruction. The perfect genotype-phenotype association and the comparative functional data strongly suggest that the detected AKNA:c.2717_2720delACAG variant caused the observed severe airway inflammation in the investigated dogs. Our findings enable genetic testing, which can be used to avoid the unintentional breeding of affected puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hug
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda Anderegg
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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