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Wang Z, Wang W, Wu W, Wang H, Zhang S, Ye C, Guo L, Wei Z, Huang H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, He X. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, metabolome, and histochemistry reveals the response mechanisms of different ages Panax notoginseng to root-knot nematode infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258316. [PMID: 37780502 PMCID: PMC10539906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) is an invaluable perennial medicinal herb. However, the roots of P. notoginseng are frequently subjected to severe damage caused by root-knot nematode (RKN) infestation. Although we have observed that P. notoginseng possessed adult-plant resistance (APR) against RKN disease, the defense response mechanisms against RKN disease in different age groups of P. notoginseng remain unexplored. We aimed to elucidate the response mechanisms of P. notoginseng at different stages of development to RKN infection by employing transcriptome, metabolome, and histochemistry analyses. Our findings indicated that distinct age groups of P. notoginseng may activate the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in varying ways, leading to the synthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin pigments as both the response and defense mechanism against RKN attacks. Specifically, one-year-old P. notoginseng exhibited resistance to RKN through the upregulation of 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and key genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, such as PAL, CCR, CYP73A, CYP98A, POD, and CAD. Moreover, two-year-old P. notoginseng enhanced the resistance by depleting chlorogenic acid and downregulating most genes associated with monolignol biosynthesis, while concurrently increasing cyanidin and ANR in flavonoid biosynthesis. Three-year-old P. notoginseng reinforced its resistance by significantly increasing five phenolic acids related to monolignol biosynthesis, namely p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, 1-O-sinapoyl-D-glucose, coniferyl alcohol, and ferulic acid. Notably, P. notoginseng can establish a lignin barrier that restricted RKN to the infection site. In summary, P. notoginseng exhibited a potential ability to impede the further propagation of RKN through the accumulation or depletion of the compounds relevant to resistance within the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, as well as the induction of lignification in tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youyong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Landscape and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Liu E, Xu L, Luo Z, Li Z, Zhou G, Gao H, Fang F, Tang J, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Jin P. Transcriptomic analysis reveals mechanisms for the different drought tolerance of sweet potatoes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136709. [PMID: 37008495 PMCID: PMC10060965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a common environmental stress with great negative impacts on plant growth, development and geographical distribution as well as agriculture and food production. Sweet potato is characterized by starchy, fresh and pigmented tuber, and is regarded as the seventh most important food crop. However, there has been no comprehensive study of the drought tolerance mechanism of different sweet potato cultivars to date. Here, we studied the mechanism for drought response of seven sweet potato drought-tolerant cultivars using the drought coefficients, physiological indicators and transcriptome sequencing. The seven sweet potato cultivars were classified into four groups of drought tolerance performance. A large number of new genes and transcripts were identified, with an average of about 8000 new genes per sample. Alternative splicing events in sweet potato, which were dominated by first exon and last exon alternative splicing, were not conserved among different cultivars and not significantly affected by drought stress. Furthermore, different drought-tolerance mechanisms were revealed through differentially expressed gene analysis and functional annotation. Two drought-sensitive cultivars, Shangshu-9 and Xushu-22, mainly resisted drought stress by up-regulating plant signal transduction. The other drought-sensitive cultivar Jishu-26 responded to drought stress by down-regulating isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and nitrogen/carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, the drought-tolerant cultivar Chaoshu-1 and drought-preferred cultivar Z15-1 only shared 9% of differentially expressed genes, as well as many opposite metabolic pathways in response to drought. They mainly regulated flavonoid and carbohydrate biosynthesis/metabolism in response to drought, while Z15-1 increased photosynthesis and carbon fixation capacity. The other drought-tolerant cultivar Xushu-18 responded to drought stress by regulating the isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and nitrogen/carbohydrate metabolism. The extremely drought-tolerant cultivar Xuzi-8 was almost unaffected by drought stress and responded to drought environment only by regulating the cell wall. These findings provide important information for the selection of sweet potatoes for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Liu
- Grain Crops Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Linli Xu
- Comprehensive Proving Ground, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhengqian Luo
- Comprehensive Proving Ground, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Grain Crops Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Adsen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Furong Fang
- Grain Crops Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Grain Crops Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhilin Zhou
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Comprehensive Proving Ground, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Liang G, Li Y, Wang P, Jiao S, Wang H, Mao J, Chen B. VaAPL1 Promotes Starch Synthesis to Constantly Contribute to Soluble Sugar Accumulation, Improving Low Temperature Tolerance in Arabidopsis and Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920424. [PMID: 35812933 PMCID: PMC9257282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in starch synthesis. APL1, an AGPase large subunit, plays an important role in the growth and development of grapes; however, its function in withstanding low temperature (LT) remains elusive. Hence, VaAPL1 was cloned from Vitis amurensis (Zuoshan I), and its function was characterized. The gene was highly expressed in the phloem of V. amurensis during winter dormancy (0, -5, and - 10°C). Phylogenetic relationships demonstrated that VaAPL1 was closely genetic related to SlAPL1 (from Solanum lycopersicum), and clustered into I group. Further, VaAPL1 was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia, Col) and tomato ("Micro-Tom" tomato) to characterize its function under LT. Compared with Col, the average survival rate of VaAPL1-overexpressing A. thaliana exceeded 75.47% after freezing treatment. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content decreased in VaAPL1-overexpressing A. thaliana and tomato plants under LT stress. The activities of AGPase, and starch contents in VaAPL1-overexpressing A. thaliana were higher than in Col after LT stress. The contents of sucrose and glucose were accumulated in overexpressing plants compared with wild-type at 0 h and 24 h after LT stress. Transcriptome sequencing of overexpressing tomato plants revealed involvement in sugar metabolism and the hormone signal pathway, and Ca2+ signaling pathway-related genes were up-regulated. Hence, these results suggest that overexpression of VaAPL1 not only ensured sufficient starch converting into soluble sugars to maintain cell osmotic potential and provided energy, but also indirectly activated signal pathways involved in LT to enhance plant tolerance.
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Kaur G, Yadav IS, Bhatia D, Vikal Y, Neelam K, Dhillon NK, Praba UP, Mangat GS, Singh K. BSA-seq Identifies a Major Locus on Chromosome 6 for Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) Resistance From Oryza glaberrima. Front Genet 2022; 13:871833. [PMID: 35774507 PMCID: PMC9237506 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.871833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) is one of the emerging threats to rice production worldwide that causes substantial yield reductions. There is a progressive shift of the cropping system from traditional transplanting to direct-seeded water-saving rice production that favored the development of M. graminicola. Scouting and deploying new resistance genes is an economical approach to managing the root-knot nematodes. Here, we report that the inheritance of root-knot nematode resistance in Oryza glaberrima acc. IRGC102206 is governed by a single dominant gene. Traditional mapping coupled with BSA-seq is used to map nematode resistance gene(s) using the BC1F1 population derived from a cross of O. sativa cv. PR121 (S) and O. glaberrima acc. IRGC102206 (R). One major novel genomic region spanning a 3.0-Mb interval on chromosome 6 and two minor QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 4 are the potential genomic regions associated with rice root-knot nematode resistance. Within the QTL regions, 19 putative candidate genes contain 81 non-synonymous variants. The detected major candidate region could be fine mapped to accelerate marker-assisted breeding for root-knot nematode resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Inderjit Singh Yadav
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dharminder Bhatia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Yogesh Vikal,
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Umesh Preethi Praba
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurjit Singh Mangat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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NBS-LRR-WRKY genes and protease inhibitors (PIs) seem essential for cowpea resistance to root-knot nematode. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lee CJ, Park SU, Kim SE, Lim YH, Ji CY, Kim YH, Kim HS, Kwak SS. Overexpression of IbLfp in sweetpotato enhances the low-temperature storage ability of tuberous roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:577-585. [PMID: 34461554 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is a prospective food crop that ensures food and nutrition security under the dynamic changes in global climate. Peroxidase (POD) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in diverse plant physiological processes, including stress tolerance and cell wall lignification. Although various POD genes were cloned and functionally characterized in sweetpotato, the role of POD in lignification and low-temperature storage ability of sweetpotato tuberous roots is yet to be investigated. In this study, we isolated the cold-induced lignin forming peroxidase (IbLfp) gene of sweetpotato, and analyzed its physiological functions. IbLfp showed more predominant expression in fibrous roots than in other tissues. Moreover, IbLfp expression was up-regulated in leaves and roots under cold stress, and was altered by other abiotic stresses. Tuberous roots of transgenic sweetpotato lines overexpressing IbLfp (LP lines) showed improved tolerance to low temperature, with lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents than non-transgenic sweetpotato plants under cold stress. The enhanced cold tolerance of LP lines could be attributed to the increased basal activity of POD, which is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Moreover, greater accumulation of lignin could also contribute to the enhanced cold tolerance of LP lines, as lignin acts as a protective barrier against invading pathogens, which is a secondary symptom of chilling injury in sweetpotato. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of the function of POD in low-temperature storage of sweetpotato tuberous roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hoon Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- R&D Center, Genolution Inc., 11, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Oosterbeek M, Lozano-Torres JL, Bakker J, Goverse A. Sedentary Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Alter Auxin Homeostasis via Multiple Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668548. [PMID: 34122488 PMCID: PMC8193132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary endoparasites such as cyst and root-knot nematodes infect many important food crops and are major agro-economical pests worldwide. These plant-parasitic nematodes exploit endogenous molecular and physiological pathways in the roots of their host to establish unique feeding structures. These structures function as highly active transfer cells and metabolic sinks and are essential for the parasites' growth and reproduction. Plant hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are a fundamental component in the formation of these feeding complexes. However, their underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms are still elusive despite recent advances in the field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of known functions of various auxins in plant-parasitic nematode infection sites, based on a systematic analysis of current literature. We evaluate multiple aspects involved in auxin homeostasis in plants, including anabolism, catabolism, transport, and signalling. From these analyses, a picture emerges that plant-parasitic nematodes have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate auxin homeostasis to establish a successful parasitic relationship with their host. Additionally, there appears to be a potential role for auxins other than IAA in plant-parasitic nematode infections that might be of interest to be further elucidated.
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Lee IH, Kim HS, Nam KJ, Lee KL, Yang JW, Kwak SS, Lee JJ, Shim D, Kim YH. The Defense Response Involved in Sweetpotato Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita: Comparison of Root Transcriptomes of Resistant and Susceptible Sweetpotato Cultivars With Respect to Induced and Constitutive Defense Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671677. [PMID: 34025707 PMCID: PMC8131533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) is an economically important, nutrient- and pigment-rich root vegetable used as both food and feed. Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, causes major yield losses in sweetpotato and other crops worldwide. The identification of genes and mechanisms responsible for resistance to RKN will facilitate the development of RKN resistant cultivars not only in sweetpotato but also in other crops. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis of RKN resistant cultivars (RCs; Danjami, Pungwonmi and Juhwangmi) and susceptible cultivars (SCs; Dahomi, Shinhwangmi and Yulmi) of sweetpotato infected with M. incognita to examine the induced and constitutive defense response-related transcriptional changes. During induced defense, genes related to defense and secondary metabolites were induced in SCs, whereas those related to receptor protein kinase signaling and protein phosphorylation were induced in RCs. In the uninfected control, genes involved in proteolysis and biotic stimuli showed differential expression levels between RCs and SCs during constitutive defense. Additionally, genes related to redox regulation, lipid and cell wall metabolism, protease inhibitor and proteases were putatively identified as RKN defense-related genes. The root transcriptome of SCs was also analyzed under uninfected conditions, and several potential candidate genes were identified. Overall, our data provide key insights into the transcriptional changes in sweetpotato genes that occur during induced and constitutive defense responses against RKN infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Nam
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kang-Lok Lee
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Department of Crop Cultivation & Environment, Research National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Khanna K, Sharma A, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Abd Allah EF, Hashem A, Ahmad P. Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in the Orchestration of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Resistance to Plant Parasitic Nematodes: A Metabolomic Approach to Evaluate Defense Responses Under Field Conditions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E676. [PMID: 31683675 PMCID: PMC6920908 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with biological control of Meloidogyne incognita in 45-days old Lycopersicon esculentum, inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa(M1) and Burkholderia gladioli (M2). The improved plant growth and biomass of nematode infested Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculated plants was observed. Remarkable reduction in the numbers of second stage juvenile (J2s), root galls was recorded after treatment of microbes relative to experimental controls. Moreover, the lowered activities of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), O2- (superoxide anion), malondialdehyde (MDA)) was estimated in plants after rhizobacterial supplementation. Higher activities of enzymatic (SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (Guaiacol peroxidase), CAT (Catalase), GPOX (Glutathione peroxidase), APOX (Ascorbate peroxidase), GST (Glutathione-S-transferase), GR (Glutathione reductase), DHAR (Dehydroascorbate reductase), PPO (Polyphenol oxidase)) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol) antioxidants were further determined in nematode infected plants following the addition of bacterial strains. The upregulation of photosynthetic activities were depicted by evaluating plant pigments and gas exchange attributes. An increase in the levels of phenolic compounds (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins), osmoprotectants (total osmolytes, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids) and organic acids (fumaric, succinic, citric, malic acid) were reflected in infected plants, showing further enhancement after application of biocontrol agents. The study revealed the understanding of plant metabolism, along with the initiative to commercially exploit the biocontrol agents as an alternative to chemical nematicides in infected fields for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Elsayed F Abd Allah
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu andKashmir190001, India.
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